Livres : « Atlantico SubTropicale »

1

1944-, Seeliger U., Odebrecht C. 1952- et Castello Jorge Pablo, dir. Subtropical convergence environments : The coast and sea in the southwestern Atlantic. Berlin : Springer, 1997.

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2

Elizabeth, Johns, Bushnell Mark et Environmental Research Laboratories (U.S.), dir. Current velocity and hydrographic observations in the southwestern North Atlantic Ocean : Subtropical Atlantic Climate Studies (STACS), 1989. Miami, Fla : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1990.

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3

Elizabeth, Johns, Bushnell Mark et Environmental Research Laboratories (U.S.), dir. Current velocity and hydrographic observations in the southwestern North Atlantic Ocean : Subtropical Atlantic Climate Studies (STACS), 1989. Miami, Fla : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1990.

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4

Elizabeth, Johns, Bushnell Mark et Environmental Research Laboratories (U.S.), dir. Current velocity and hydrographic observations in the southwestern North Atlantic Ocean : Subtropical Atlantic Climate Studies (STACS), 1987. Miami, Fla : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1988.

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5

Elizabeth, Johns, Bushnell Mark et Environmental Research Laboratories (U.S.), dir. Current velocity and hydrographic observations in the southwestern North Atlantic Ocean : Subtropical Atlantic Climate Studies (STACS), 1987. Miami, Fla : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1988.

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6

Elizabeth, Johns, Bushnell Mark et Environmental Research Laboratories (U.S.), dir. Current velocity and hydrographic observations in the southwestern North Atlantic Ocean : Subtropical Atlantic Climate Studies (STACS), 1988. Miami, Fla : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1989.

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7

Elizabeth, Johns, Bushnell Mark et Environmental Research Laboratories (U.S.), dir. Current velocity and hydrographic observations in the southwestern North Atlantic Ocean : Subtropical Atlantic Climate Studies (STACS), 1989. Miami, Fla : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1990.

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8

Elizabeth, Johns, Bushnell Mark et Environmental Research Laboratories (U.S.), dir. Current velocity and hydrographic observations in the southwestern North Atlantic Ocean : Subtropical Atlantic Climate Studies (STACS), 1987. Miami, Fla : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1988.

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9

Marie, Wilburn Anne, et Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories, dir. Hydrographic observations in the western tropical and subtropical North Atlantic Ocean : Atlantic Climate Change Program (ACCP) and Western Tropical Atlantic Experiment (WESTRAX) during 1990. Miami, Fla : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, 1993.

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10

Reuer, Matthew K. Centennial-scale elemental and isotopic variability in the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. Cambridge, Mass : Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002.

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11

Reuer, Matthew K. Centennial-scale elemental and isotopic variability in the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. Cambridge, Mass : Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002.

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12

A checklist of benthic marine algae of the tropical and subtropical western Atlantic : First revision. Berlin : J. Cramer in der Gebr. Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1998.

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13

A checklist of benthic marine algae of the tropical and subtropical western Atlantic : Third revision. Stuttgart : Cramer, 2011.

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14

A checklist of benthic marine algae of the tropical and subtropical western Atlantic : Second revision. 2^e éd. Berlin : J. Cramer in der Gebr. Borntraeger Verlagsbuchh., 2005.

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15

1956-, Wilson Douglas, et Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories, dir. Shipboard acoustic doppler current profiler data collected during the Subtropical Atlantic Climate Studies (STACS) Project, (1983-1986). Miami, Fla : For sale by the National Technical Information Service, 1991.

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16

Douglas, Wilson. Shipboard acoustic doppler current profiler data collected during the Subtropical Atlantic Climate Studies (STACS) Project (1989-1990). Miami, Fla : For sale by the National Technical Information Service, 1992.

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17

Ratnaswamy, Mary J. Current velocity and hydrographic observations in the Straits of Florida : Subtropical Atlantic Climate Study (STACS) 1983 and 1984. Miami, Fla : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1985.

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18

Ratnaswamy, Mary J. Current velocity and hydrographic observations in the Straits of Florida : Subtropical Atlantic Climate Study (STACS) 1983 and 1984. Miami, Fla : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1985.

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19

Ratnaswamy, Mary J. Current velocity and hydrographic observations in the Straits of Florida : Subtropical Atlantic Climate Study (STACS) 1983 and 1984. Miami, Fla : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1985.

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20

Wilburn, Anne Marie. Current velocity and hydrographic observations in the Straits of Florida, the Caribbean Sea and offshore of the Antillean Archipelago : Subtropical Atlantic Climate Studies (STACS), 1986. Miami, Fla : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1987.

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21

Wilburn, Anne Marie. Current velocity and hydrographic observations in the Straits of Florida, the Caribbean Sea and offshore of the Antillean Archipelago : Subtropical Atlantic Climate Studies (STACS), 1986. Miami, Fla : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1987.

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22

Wilburn, Anne Marie. Current velocity and hydrographic observations in the Straits of Florida, the Caribbean Sea and offshore of the Antillean Archipelago : Subtropical Atlantic Climate Study (STACS) 1984 and 1985. Miami, Fla : National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, 1987.

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23

Wilburn, Anne Marie. Current velocity and hydrographic observations in the Straits of Florida, the Caribbean Sea and offshore of the Antillean Archipelago : Subtropical Atlantic Climate Study (STACS) 1984 and 1985. Miami, Fla : National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, 1987.

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24

Hoffmeyer, Mónica S., Marina E. Sabatini, Frederico P. Brandini, Danilo L. Calliari et Norma H. Santinelli. Plankton Ecology of the Southwestern Atlantic : From the Subtropical to the Subantarctic Realm. Springer, 2019.

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25

Hoffmeyer, Mónica S., Marina E. Sabatini, Frederico P. Brandini, Danilo L. Calliari et Norma H. Santinelli. Plankton Ecology of the Southwestern Atlantic : From the Subtropical to the Subantarctic Realm. Springer, 2018.

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26

Castello, Jorge P., Ulrich Seeliger et Clarisse Odebrecht. Subtropical Convergence Environments : The Coast and Sea in the Southwestern Atlantic. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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27

Seeliger, Ulrich, et Clarisse Odebrecht. Subtropical Convergence Environments : The Coast and Sea in the Southwestern Atlantic. Springer, 2011.

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28

(Editor), U. Seeliger, C. Odebrecht (Editor) et Jorge Pablo Castello (Editor), dir. Subtropical Convergence Environments : The Coast and Sea in the Southwestern Atlantic. Springer, 1996.

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29

Current velocity and hydrographic observations in the southwestern North Atlantic Ocean : Subtropical Atlantic Climate Studies (STACS), 1988. Miami, Fla : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1989.

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30

Current velocity and hydrographic observations in the southwestern North Atlantic Ocean : Subtropical Atlantic Climate Studies (STACS), 1988. Miami, Fla : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1989.

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31

Hydrographic observations in the western tropical and subtropical North Atlantic Ocean : Atlantic Climate Change Program (ACCP) and Western Tropical Atlantic Experiment (WESTRAX) during 1991. Miami, Fla : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, 1993.

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32

Wynne, Michael J. Checklist of Benthic Marine Algae of the Tropical and Subtropical Western Atlantic : Fifth Revision. Gebruder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, Science Publishers, 2022.

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33

Holliday, N. Penny, et Stephanie Henson. The Marine Environment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199233267.003.0001.

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The growth, distribution, and variability of phytoplankton populations in the North Atlantic are primarily controlled by the physical environment. This chapter provides an overview of the regional circulation of the North Atlantic, and an introduction to the key physical features and processes that affect ecosystems, and especially plankton, via the availability of light and nutrients. There is a natural seasonal cycle in primary production driven by physical processes that determine the light and nutrient levels, but the pattern has strong regional variations. The variations are determined by persistent features on the basin scale (e.g. the main currents and mixed layer regimes of the subtropical and subpolar gyres), as well as transient mesoscale features such as eddies and meanders of fronts.

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34

Hurricane Resistant Buildings. Building CAT-5 Resistant Timber Roofs, An Illustrated Guide for Builders. Pan American Health Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275125700.

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The year 2020 set a record for the highest number of tropical/subtropical storms registered in a year. According to data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the 2020 Atlantic Hurricane Season was the busiest year, with 29 events that caused economic losses estimated at US$ 50 billion, according to data from NOAA. Climate change has also brought with it an increased risk of the impact of higher intensity storms. The rise in water temperature in the Atlantic is causing a greater chance for hurricanes to develop. These natural events are not only more frequent but, in some cases, more catastrophic as well. One major impediment to resilience is the lack of suitably qualified or experienced professionals to design and build hurricane-resistant buildings in many countries that are typically the most affected. In most low-income countries, current building codes do not encourage the construction of robust structures that will withstand major hurricanes or are the building codes enforced. Additionally, reconstruction after the impact of such events is often rushed and poorly designed and executed. The Pan American Health Organization aims to reduce the recurrent damage following the impact of major hurricanes, with this illustrated, easy-to-follow guide to build Category 5-resistant roofs and external walls. These guidelines are to be used by local builders for the safe design and construction of roofs in hurricane-prone regions. True sustainability is achieved once people understand what they can do to help themselves and prevent future damage and losses. Therefore, we aim to provide graphic tools illustrating the safe and proper way to build and connect timber roofs to help minimize the loss of building infrastructure, impact on livelihoods and loss of lives.

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35

Benestad, Rasmus. Climate in the Barents Region. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.655.

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The Barents Sea is a region of the Arctic Ocean named after one of its first known explorers (1594–1597), Willem Barentsz from the Netherlands, although there are accounts of earlier explorations: the Norwegian seafarer Ottar rounded the northern tip of Europe and explored the Barents and White Seas between 870 and 890 ce, a journey followed by a number of Norsemen; Pomors hunted seals and walruses in the region; and Novgorodian merchants engaged in the fur trade. These seafarers were probably the first to accumulate knowledge about the nature of sea ice in the Barents region; however, scientific expeditions and the exploration of the climate of the region had to wait until the invention and employment of scientific instruments such as the thermometer and barometer. Most of the early exploration involved mapping the land and the sea ice and making geographical observations. There were also many unsuccessful attempts to use the Northeast Passage to reach the Bering Strait. The first scientific expeditions involved F. P. Litke (1821±1824), P. K. Pakhtusov (1834±1835), A. K. Tsivol’ka (1837±1839), and Henrik Mohn (1876–1878), who recorded oceanographic, ice, and meteorological conditions.The scientific study of the Barents region and its climate has been spearheaded by a number of campaigns. There were four generations of the International Polar Year (IPY): 1882–1883, 1932–1933, 1957–1958, and 2007–2008. A British polar campaign was launched in July 1945 with Antarctic operations administered by the Colonial Office, renamed as the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS); it included a scientific bureau by 1950. It was rebranded as the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) in 1962 (British Antarctic Survey History leaflet). While BAS had its initial emphasis on the Antarctic, it has also been involved in science projects in the Barents region. The most dedicated mission to the Arctic and the Barents region has been the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), which has commissioned a series of reports on the Arctic climate: the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) report, the Snow Water Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA) report, and the Adaptive Actions in a Changing Arctic (AACA) report.The climate of the Barents Sea is strongly influenced by the warm waters from the Norwegian current bringing heat from the subtropical North Atlantic. The region is 10°C–15°C warmer than the average temperature on the same latitude, and a large part of the Barents Sea is open water even in winter. It is roughly bounded by the Svalbard archipelago, northern Fennoscandia, the Kanin Peninsula, Kolguyev Island, Novaya Zemlya, and Franz Josef Land, and is a shallow ocean basin which constrains physical processes such as currents and convection. To the west, the Greenland Sea forms a buffer region with some of the strongest temperature gradients on earth between Iceland and Greenland. The combination of a strong temperature gradient and westerlies influences air pressure, wind patterns, and storm tracks. The strong temperature contrast between sea ice and open water in the northern part sets the stage for polar lows, as well as heat and moisture exchange between ocean and atmosphere. Glaciers on the Arctic islands generate icebergs, which may drift in the Barents Sea subject to wind and ocean currents.The land encircling the Barents Sea includes regions with permafrost and tundra. Precipitation comes mainly from synoptic storms and weather fronts; it falls as snow in the winter and rain in the summer. The land area is snow-covered in winter, and rivers in the region drain the rainwater and meltwater into the Barents Sea. Pronounced natural variations in the seasonal weather statistics can be linked to variations in the polar jet stream and Rossby waves, which result in a clustering of storm activity, blocking high-pressure systems. The Barents region is subject to rapid climate change due to a “polar amplification,” and observations from Svalbard suggest that the past warming trend ranks among the strongest recorded on earth. The regional change is reinforced by a number of feedback effects, such as receding sea-ice cover and influx of mild moist air from the south.

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