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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Assistance in emergencies – Europe »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Assistance in emergencies – Europe"

Theurich, Melissa Ann, et Veit Grote. « Are Commercial Complementary Food Distributions to Refugees and Migrants in Europe Conforming to International Policies and Guidelines on Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies ? » Journal of Human Lactation 33, n^o 3 (21 juin 2017) : 573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334417707717.

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In 2015, more than one million migrants and refugees arrived in Europe. Commercial complementary foods, processed foods marketed for infants and young children 6-23 months of age, were distributed by various humanitarian actors along migrant routes and in European refugee camps. Unsolicited donations and distributions of commercial complementary food products were problematic and divergent from international policies on infant and young child feeding during humanitarian emergencies. Interim guidance regarding commercial complementary foods was published during the peak of the emergency but implemented differently by various humanitarian actors. Clearer and more technical specifications on commercial complementary foods are needed in order to objectively determine their suitability for operational contexts in Europe and emergency nutrition assistance in the future.

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Akhtyrska, Nataliia. « OBTAINING OF EVIDENCE IN ELECTRONIC FORM UNDER THE SECOND ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL TO THE CONVENTION ON CYBERCRIME ». Criminalistics and Forensics, n^o 67 (9 août 2022) : 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2022.67.21.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of international cooperation in the collection of evidence in electronic form, in accordance with the Second Additional Protocol to the Cybercrime Convention approved by the Council of Europe, which provides a legal basis for disclosure of domain name registration traffic, cooperation in emergencies, updates the video conferencing procedure. The analysis of the Second Additional Protocol shows that it created a legal basis for direct cooperation with service providers, accelerated forms of cooperation for disclosure of subscriber information and traffic data, accelerated cooperation and disclosure of information in emergency situations, additional instruments of mutual assistance, data protection and other guarantees of the rule of law. Taking into account the above and the provisions of the Second Additional Protocol, it is advisable to supplement Art. 541 of the CPC of Ukraine, the term “transferring party”, hould be understood as the state that transmits data in response to a request or within a joint investigation team in which the data service provider or organization providing domain name registration services, as well as a state that provides evidence on its own initiative without request. The purpose of the Second Additional Protocol was, inter alia, to increase cooperation in the fight against cybercrime and the collection of evidence in any criminal proceedings electronically using additional tools to facilitate mutual assistance and other forms of cooperation between competent authorities. According to the Second Additional Protocol, the following shall not be recognized as grounds for refusal of international cooperation: 1) the absence of such an offense in the legislation of the requested State; 2) another terminological definition of the act; 3) assignment of the act to another category of severity. Key words: evidence in electronic form, data on the movement of information, transcription.

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Mărășescu, Cristina. « The Emergence of an European Union Cultural Diplomacy ». Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Negotia 65, n^o 3 (30 septembre 2020) : 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbnegotia.2020.3.03.

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"On 16 April 2020, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) released preliminary figures according to which the collective Official Development Assistance (ODA) from the European Union (EU) and its Member States to developing countries amounted to 75.2 billion in 2019, representing 55.2% of global assistance. The EU and its Member States therefore maintain their position as the largest international aid donor. In spite of the vast amount of resources spent annually by the EU, there is widespread perception that the EU punches below its weight. Notwithstanding the undeniable positive impact that the EU external policies have on the ground, the EU’s role in international development remains mostly invisible. This paper presents the perception of the EU and EU’s policies abroad and makes the case for the necessity of an integrated and fully coordinated EU Public Diplomacy (PD) capable of communicating effectively and strengthening EU’s role as a global actor. It argues that culture has a substantial potential in Europe’s international relations, making the case for the necessity of an integrated and tailor-made EU Cultural Diplomacy. This paper shows that culture is a worthwhile investment in driving economic growth. Failure to capitalise on this would be a huge missed opportunity for Europe. Keywords: European Union, Economic Support to Developing Countries, Economic Growth, Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy, European External Action Service JEL classification: O10, Z10 "

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Candel, Francisco Javier, Jesús Canora, Antonio Zapatero, Raquel Barba, Juan González del Castillo, Gonzalo García-Casasola, Jesús San-Román et al. « Temporary hospitals in times of the COVID pandemic. An example and a practical view ». Revista Española de Quimioterapia 34, n^o 4 (22 mars 2021) : 280–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37201/req/041.2021.

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We describe the most widely used temporary hospital in Europe during the first pandemic wave, its structure, function, and achievements. Other models of care developed during the pandemic around the world were reviewed including their capacity, total bed/ICU bed ratio and time of use. We particularly analyzed the common and differential characteristics of this type of facilities. IFEMA Exhibition Center was transformed into a temporary 1,300-bed hospital, which was in continuous operation for 42 days. A total of 3,817 people were treated, generally patients with mild to moderate COVID-19, 91% of whom had pneumonia. The average length of stay was 5 to 36 days. The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension (16.5%), diabetes mellitus (9.1%), COPD (6%), asthma (4.6%), obesity (2.9%) and dementia (1.6%). A total of 113 patients (3%) were transferred to another centers for aggravation, 19 (0.5%) were admitted to ICU and 16 patients (0.4%) died. An element of great help to reducing the overload of care in large hospitals during peaks of health emergencies could be these flexible structures capable of absorbing the excess of patients. These must be safe, breaking domestic transmission and guarantee social and emotional needs of patients. The success of these structures depends on delimitation in admission criteria taking into account the proportion of patients who may require, during admission, assistance in the critical care area.

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Crookes, Paul C. Irwin. « EU Soft Power with China : Technical Assistance in the Field of Intellectual Property Rights ». European Foreign Affairs Review 19, Special Issue (1 août 2014) : 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2014022.

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This article argues that the technical assistance programmes of the EU have been amongst the most effective soft power instruments in shaping the influence that Europe has had within key actor communities during China's re-emergence. The IPR2 project is one such example of this phenomenon. The article locates this initiative within the context of joint interests as an intersection between the EU's motivations in embedding a more sophisticated approach across China towards the importance of intellectual property protection and China's needs to improve her own domestic level of innovation. This method of cooperation is an illustration of normative transference through diffusion and shows how engagement can move beyond a narrow notion of soft power to encompass more wide-ranging interpretations that highlight the importance of a nation's technological capability and the influence possessed by a country's scientific achievement. The success of IPR2 is examined in two ways: first, through qualitative analysis of political dimensions in its formation and outcome, and second, in quantitative terms through reviewing increased IP activism by Chinese institutional and corporate actors. The article concludes by maintaining that engagement strategies of this kind offer a model for future relations and deserve sustained political support.

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Ippolitov, Sergei Sergeevich. « Russian Emigration of the First Wave in Germany : Humanitarian and Legal aspects of Adaptation, 1917-1920s ». Исторический журнал : научные исследования, n^o 1 (janvier 2020) : 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2020.1.31909.

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The article discusses the activities of Russian humanitarian, professional and public organizations in determining the legal status of Russian migrants in Europe and providing legal assistance to refugees and Russian legal entities in exile in 1917 - 1920s, as well as the trade unions of Russian lawyers in exile and their activities of legal assistance to their compatriots. The author examines the foreign policy of different states concerning the legal discrimination of Russian refugees and the geopolitical context in which the legal integration of Russian emigration took place in the societies of host countries. The study views the Russian humanitarian and legal activity as a factor in preserving the civic identity of these emigrants. The methodological basis on which this research is based is the principles of historicism and systematicity, which imply the application of the chronological method in the research process, as well as the methods of retrospection, periodization and actualization. The article explores for the first time in historiography the little-studied page in the history of Russian emigration: the creation in Germany in the 1920s of an effective system of humanitarian and legal assistance to Russian refugees aimed at clarifying their legal status and restoring the legal existence of Russian commercial enterprises in exile. For the first time in historiography, the author examines the ability of the emigrant community to self-organize in order to assert its rights in a foreign language and foreign culture society.The factors that significantly complicated the Russian emigrants' humanitarian and legal status, thereby also hindering their integration into European society, included: the long irresolution of their legal status; the significant number of legal obstacles; the ineffectiveness of officials with respect to the refugees' actual lack of rights; the legal conflict in international law that arose with the emergence of the Russian emigration phenomenon; and the unprecedented humanitarian and legal crisis of the post First World War period in Europe. Under these conditions, the Russian emigrant community nonetheless managed to develop effective mechanisms to help its compatriots in the legal sphere.

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Jinga, Luciana. « Gendered Dynamics of the Humanitarian Commitment for Children in the Postsocialist Context. A Case Study : France (initiator)‑ Romania (beneficiary) (1989‑2007) ». History of Communism in Europe 10 (2019) : 67–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/hce2019104.

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The paper explores the extent to which “gender”, as category of analysis, can be a useful tool in explaining the nature and the impact of humanitarian aid of western organizations towards children in Europe, between 1980 and 2007, using as case study the relation France (initiator)‑Romania (beneficiary). By Humanitarian aid I refer to the material or logistical assistance provided for humanitarian purposes, as it evolved during the twentieth century and culminated with the emergence of a new, transnational humanitarianism, with permanent, professional actors.”. For this study gender is understood as social construction and the assignment of specific roles, responsibilities and expectations to women and to men in the social sector, which includes the policies regarding health, education and sanitation.

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Anderson, Jeffrey J. « Skeptical Reflections on a Europe of Regions : Britain, Germany, and the ERDF ». Journal of Public Policy 10, n^o 4 (octobre 1990) : 417–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00006073.

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ABSTRACTEuropean Community policymaking has been predicated upon the member governments acting as gatekeepers which mediate between their respective domestic political systems and EC institutions. However, the sweeping changes associated with Project 1992 threaten the gatekeeping status of the Twelve. This article explores the domestic and international consequences, which are cast in terms of three scenarios: the maintenance of the status quo, the emergence of a ‘Europe of Regions’, and a variegated set of outcomes. As an attempt to move beyond the realm of pure speculation, concrete lessons are culled from the reform of the European Regional Development Fund since 1979 and its effect on national and subnational interests in Britain and the Federal Republic of Germany. The theoretical premise is that national and subnational actors respond to Community initiatives within a structured context, the domestic policy networks in which they are embedded. These clusters of interorganizational relationships at the domestic level reflect the underlying distribution of resources among actors, and endow them with different capabilities and vulnerabilities as they seek to cope with changes administered to their policy environment by the EC. The findings suggest skepticism of the image of strengthened regions breaking out of the orbit of weakened states with the assistance of the EC. While the ability of member states to retain their roles as gatekeepers varies, this capacity remains strong. Moreover, subnational actors often view the EC as yet another exogenous institutional constraint on action.

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Falaleev, P. I. « The Marshall Plan and the European Integration : The Stance of Great Britain and France (1947–1948) ». Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics 12, n^o 3 (20 novembre 2020) : 165–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2020-12-3-165-190.

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The development and implementation of the Marshall Plan has been studied quite thoroughly in both Russian and foreign academic literature. Nevertheless, certain aspects of this problematique require further examination, particularly the reaction of the Western European countries to the initiative of the Secretary of State G. Marshall, as well as the impact of the Plan on the process of the European integration in general. The paper demonstrates that this reaction was far from simple and often contradictory since the key Western states had very diﬀerent views on the future of mutual relations, as well as on the prospects for post-war recovery and development of Europe. The paper examines the evolution of the French and British leaders’ views on these issues from the ﬁrst discussions of the projects to provide US aid to Western Europe to the implementation of the Marshall Plan. The negotiations revealed signiﬁcant points of disagreement among the parties particularly regarding the relations with the USSR, the German question, and conditions for receiving assistance from the United States. The author stresses that the need to defend their interests during the course of negotiations with the US representatives contributed greatly to the rapprochement of Britain and France and, at the same time, catalyzed debates on the integration of Western Europe. In this regard the author emphasizes that the idea of regional economic integration received mixed reaction in the American elites. While some considered this process as an eﬀective means of bringing the Western countries together, particularly, over the German question, others feared that integration of Western Europe could potentially lead to the emergence of a new competitor to the USA. The author concludes that the growing popularity of integration projects in Europe in 1947–1948 stemmed from a range of factors, including both a combination of internal European political processes and short-term and long-term consequences of the Marshall Plan. Whereas in terms of economic development of Western Europe the latter were rather ambiguous and are still the subject of controversy, in terms of world politics the Marshall Plan exacerbated block-to-block confrontation in Europe, characteristic of the Cold War period.

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Carter, Stephen, Fraser Hunter, Andrea Smith, Mhairi Hastie, Steven Lancaster, Magnar Dalland, Robert Hurford, Edward Bailey, Gerry McDonnell et Tony Swiss. « A 5th CenturybcIron Age Chariot Burial from Newbridge, Edinburgh ». Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 76 (2010) : 31–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x0000044x.

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The remains of the first Iron Age chariot burial in Britain outside Yorkshire were discovered during the winter of 2000–1, near the Bronze Age burial mound of Huly Hill, at Newbridge, Edinburgh. Excavated by Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd with the assistance of the National Museums Scotland, the chariot proved unique beyond just its burial location. The Newbridge chariot was buried intact, a method consistent with the burial practices of Continental Europe rather than Yorkshire, where they were predominantly buried disassembled. Detailed post-excavation analysis revealed a history of repair and reuse, and construction techniques that indicate links with the chariot building traditions of both Yorkshire and Continental Europe. Fifth centurybcradiocarbon dates for the burial place it firmly within La Tène A, consistent with its similarities to European examples and indicating that it pre-dates the known Yorkshire examples. This indicates the emergence of a British tradition of chariot construction by this time, familiar with Continental habits and technology but distinctively different in such areas as wheel construction and suspension fittings. Based on the findings, a reconstruction of the chariot was built for display in the National Museums Scotland, providing an opportunity further to understand and confirm the construction techniques observed or hypothesised during excavation.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Assistance in emergencies – Europe"

Tsunekawa, Hitomi. « The interaction between humanitarian assistance and politics in complex humanitarian emergencies / ». Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33939.

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This thesis examines how humanitarian assistance and political aspects interact in complex humanitarian emergencies (CHEs) in both negative and positive ways, how to minimize negative outcomes, and how humanitarian assistance can contribute to conflict resolution. Although humanitarian assistance has long been considered to be separate from politics, the division between the two has posed serious difficulties for humanitarian aid agencies responding to disasters and even has resulted in negative impacts on political and humanitarian aspects. In order to confront CHEs today, humanitarians need to collaborate conceptually and practically with political actors, while political actors need to be sensitive to humanitarian needs. A priority is considered the minimalist position, aiming at "doing no harm." Under the right circumstances, the maximalist approach can be viewed as an opportunity for maximizing the effects of humanitarian efforts to alleviate people's suffering and contributing to conflict resolution by employing humanitarian assistance as a powerful instrument.

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Ford, Todd D. Hogan James L. Perry Michael W. « Communication during complex humanitarian emergencies : using technology to bridge the gap / ». Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02sep%5FFord.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2002.
Thesis advisor(s): Nancy Roberts, Alex Bordetsky. Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-162). Also available online.

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Abele, Christine. « Civil society assistance in Central and Eastern Europe ». Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15749.

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Die Arbeit stellt sich die Frage, inwieweit es externen Akteuren möglich ist, zivilgesellschaftli-che Strukturen eines in der Transformation befindlichen Staates zu stärken, um damit einen Beitrag zur Konsolidierung nachkommunistischer Gesellschaften zu leisten. Resultiert die externe Förderung tatsächlich in eine „zivilere“ Gesellschaft, welche sich auf mündige und aktive Bürger stützt, oder führt sie zu einem bloßen Transfer von Strukturen in Form von Nicht-Regierungsorganisationen (NRO), welche jedoch keine gesellschaftliche Anbindung haben und bloße Zuarbeiter westlicher Geberorganisationen sind? // Um diese Frage zu beantworten, werden im theoretischen Teil der Arbeit ausgehend vom akteurszentrierten Institutionalismus zwei wesentliche Mechanismen identifiziert, durch wel-che die Aktivitäten der Geber Veränderungen bei den Nehmern erzielen: Ermächtigung und Lernen. Während Ersteres die Einsatzmöglichkeiten und Ressourcen einiger Akteure stärkt und damit vorhandene Akteurskonstellationen ändert, führt Letzteres dazu, dass neue Ideen Eingang in die politische Arena finden. // Die Arbeit stellt die Aktivitäten vier verschiedener Geberländer und –organisationen in Polen und der Slowakei in den 1990er Jahren vor; der Europäischen Union, Deutschlands, der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika und dem privaten Netzwerk der Soros Stiftungen; und un-tersucht deren Beitrag zur zivilgesellschaftlichen Entwicklung beider Länder. Hierzu werden lokale NROs in den Blick genommen, welche maßgeblich von westlichen Gebern unterstützt werden und untersucht, inwieweit diese als Träger der Zivilgesellschaft fungieren, welche Legitimität sie bei der Bevölkerung besitzen und ob sie nach Rückzug der Geber weiter exis-tieren. // Die Arbeit kommt zu dem Schluss, dass westliche Zivilgesellschaftsförderung in beiden un-tersuchten Ländern einen positiven Effekt hatte in dem Sinne, dass maßgeblich geförderte NROs tatsächlich als Träger der Zivilgesellschaft fungierten. Sie bemühten sich um die Un-terstützung anderer NROs, erweitern gesellschaftliche Partizipationsmöglichkeiten und sind soweit in nationale Strukturen und in der Gesellschaft verankert, dass auch ein Fortbestand ohne westliche Gelder möglich ist.
With the end of the communist bloc and the transformations taking place in Central and Eastern Europe the promotion and protection of democracy from abroad became a major field of assistance. Especially civil society assistance, understood as direct support granted to non-governmental actors of the target state with the explicit aim to promote the consolida-tion of democracy, became a major pillar of democracy aid. The dissertation analyzes civil society assistance and aims to tackle the question whether it is feasible to promote and strengthen civil society from abroad. Does civil society assistance result in more civil society or does it result in nothing more than the establishment of donor driven NGOs which are nei-ther voluntary nor independent but solely function as puppets of donors? // In order to answer this question and following the insights of actor-centered institutionalism, the dissertation identifies to modes of external intervention labeled „empowerment” and “learning. In the first case, donors may increase the action resources of chosen domestic actors, thus altering domestic actor constellations, by providing finances, technical equip-ment, information and know-how. In the latter case, external actors may impact upon the ori-entations, that is, the perceptions and preferences, of domestic actors. // The dissertation analyses the contribution of the activities of four different donors; the Euro-pean Union, the USA, Germany and the private network of Soros Foundations; to the devel-opment of civil society in Poland and Slovakia. In order to pinpoint outcomes of civil society assistance the dissertation focuses on recipients and their activities. The dissertation thus clarifies to what extent main recipient organizations act as carriers of civil society, whether they transmit the interests of their constituency into politics, whether they fulfill a watch-dog function and democratic functions attributed to civil society. It therefore analyzes main recipi-ents, their sustainability, legitimacy and effectiveness as carriers of civil society. // The dissertation jumps to the conclusion that externally driven civil society assistance had positive effects in both countries under investigation as supported NGOs acted as carriers of civil society.

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Lalioti, Varvara. « Social assistance outcomes in Southern Europe : an actor-centred approach ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b1fecf25-27bc-4fec-9c21-b7640031962d.

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This study analyses the evolution of social assistance in Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece, and closely examines the four countries’ different experiences with Guaranteed Minimum Income (GMI) schemes. A process-tracing methodology uses data from secondary sources, archival material, and 46 interviews to construct an actor-centred model and pursue a multiple-causality, historical approach. Outcomes are shown to result from interactions among central governments, religious organizations, secular organizations and territorial actors; and also from destabilizing forces. It is assumed that social assistance beneficiaries are forced to rely on these actors, whose attitudes are found to vary significantly due to their different interests, subjective perceptions of fairness, and preferences. Case histories of the four countries show that the periods prior to the 1970s were marked by minimal central government interest; indifferent, hostile, and/or divided secular organizations; and governmental partnerships with religious organizations. In the post-1970s periods, destabilizing forces co-occurring with centre-left governments resulted in new policies and changes, with relevant actors/organizations gradually welcoming pluralistic social assistance systems. The existence and extent of GMI schemes has been the principal factor differentiating social assistance developments among the four countries in more recent decades: Portugal is the only country with a national GMI, Italy and Spain have solely regional schemes, and Greece has no GMI at all. Because GMIs cut across traditional social assistance categories and are often linked with overall welfare system restructuring, establishment of GMIs and their subsequent maintenance require the co-occurrence of destabilizing forces and strong pro-GMI coalitions. Portugal exhibits the highest level of pro-GMI consensus nationwide, Greece the lowest,while Italy and Spain occupy intermediate positions. The institutional empowerment of territorial actors in the latter two countries was a precondition to emergence of local schemes, while destabilizing forces and strong local pro-GMI coalitions greatly increased the odds for establishing and maintaining them.

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Montas, Arnaud. « Le quasi-contrat dʹassistance : essai sur le droit maritime comme source de droit / ». Paris : L.G.D.J, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/530561026.pdf.

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McMaster, Rosalie. « Bystander inhibition and facilitation of helping responses : An interactional analysis ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1985. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/206.

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Aneja, Urvashi. « Contesting the humanitarian regime in political emergencies : international NGO policies and practices in Sri Lanka & ; Afghanistan, 1990-2010 ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:305234b5-d2dd-4675-bb70-d7345f06813a.

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The legal humanitarian regime, set out in the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols, strives to alleviate human suffering through the provision of emergency goods and services, such as food supplies, water, temporary shelter, and medical treatment. This thesis examines how international non-government organizations (INGOs) contribute to the contestation of this regime in political emergencies, the effects of this contestation, and the factors driving INGO contestation. The thesis develops an analytical framework for understanding the nature and functioning of the legal humanitarian regime, and argues that INGO contestation occurs through the two processes of regime interpretation and regime implementation. It then goes on to identify the substantive content and effects of contestation, and the factors driving INGO contestation of the regime, through a detailed study of the policies and practices of CARE, Médecins Sans Frontiers, Oxfam, and World Vision, in Afghanistan and Sri Lanka, from 1990-2010. The thesis argues that contestation has constitutive effects, as it re-defines the meaning of the formal humanitarian regime, and the underlying rules and norms that specify the regime’s function, scope, and operating principles. Contestation also has causal effects, as it can make INGOs participants in the conflict, eroding thereby the basis on which they negotiate access and their ability to respond to humanitarian needs, and the security of their staff. It has also facilitated the subordination of humanitarian assistance by donor states and combatants to their political and security objectives. INGO identity - expressed in terms of the constituent rules and norms that define INGO membership, their mandate and goals, and the manner in which they distinguish themselves from other actors - is argued to be a necessary factor for explaining INGO contestation. The focus on identity highlights the agency of INGOs in shaping the humanitarian regime and demonstrates that INGOs are not simply at the mercy of more powerful actors or external constraints.

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SIQUEIRA, PAULO CESAR. « La recherche sous contrat en europe. L'action des societes francaise et leur environnement ». Paris, CNAM, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CNAM0351.

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Les societes de recherche sous contrat (src), en tant qu'agences de liaison rechercheindustrie, offrent a l'industriel des competences techniques pour resoudre leurs problemes et devenir plus competitif. L'etude examine la question du transfert de technologie a l'industrie a partir des src en europe. Centree sur une recherche par questionnaire aupres de trente societes francaises, elle permet d'evaluer la capacite des src a satisfaire les besoins des clients dans un marche concurrentiel. Appuiee aussi sur des entretiens realises avec leurs cadres, l'etude trace un profil des src europeennes, expliquant leur typologie, leur methode d'action, leur role dans le systeme d'innovation et leurs relations avec les agences financieres, les cherheurs et les clients. L'etat des lieux des src en europe aide a situer la recherche sous contrat dans la region. On verifie si l'environnement favorise le developpement de leurs activites en france. Cela permet d'etablir un bilan realiste de societes locales et de l'etat de la concurrence. L'etude identifie encore leurs moyens d'exploitation et de transfert de resultats techniques et leur contribution a son evolution. L'etude montre une dynamique favorable de conciliation des interets entre le chercheur et l'entrepreneur industriel. Les src, par ses qualites et professionnalisme, donnent une reponse efficace aux besoins du client. L'analyse des avantages et des inconvenients du modele permet de confirmer son adequation et efficacite. L'action des src europeennes et l'adoption du modele par d'autres pays l'atteste. Les caracteristiques de pme privees a faible chiffre d'affaires rendent les src francaises fragiles, dans un contexte de concurrence pour des ressources financieres. Par rapport aux societes americaines, elles gardent une dependance vis-a-vis de l'etat qui renforce leur vulnerabilite. Cela contredit l'image d'entreprises ouvertes a la concurrence et suggere le perfectionnement d'une politique d'appui a leur evolution.

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Walker, John Andrew. « Implementing an integrated multijurisdictional emergency management system : a case study at the Savannah River Plant ». Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94493.

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The combination of modern, technological hazards and overlapping government jurisdictions requires coordinated, multijurisdictional emergency management. The Three Mile Island incident clearly demonstrated the impact of technical hazards and the importance of intergovernmental cooperation. A method is required to understand intergovernmental considerations in emergency management. This thesis derives such a method by proposing a three component model. The first component considers that all intergovernmental relationships are dynamic. Efforts to describe intergovernmental systems in terms of fixed relationships are not accurate. Rather intergovernmental systems are better described by the concept of movement along a scale between relationships that are separate and distinct and relationships that overlap and are interdependent. Relationships change along the scale depending on the strength of case-specific influencing variables. Identification and use of windows of opportunity describes the second component of the model. Institutional opportunists in favor of cooperative, intergovernmental programs must be able to identify and act when opportunities exist. Understanding this second component improves the chances of implementing lasting, cooperative intergovernmental results. The final component of the model emphasizes that by taking advantage of system change at the optimal time, linkages can be established between multiple jurisdictions. In multi-jurisdictional emergency management these linkages are made by integrating emergency plans and procedures. Applying the model by utilizing a case study in multijurisdictional emergency management completes this thesis. The case study documented is an intergovernmental cooperative planning effort between the Department of Energys Savannah River Operations Office and the states of South Carolina and Georgia.
M.A.

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Brasset, Danielle. « Comprendre le passé pour mieux vivre le présent : les réactions des intervenants psychosociaux à la suite de l'application des mesures d'urgence / ». Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1999. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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Livres sur le sujet "Assistance in emergencies – Europe"

M, Clive Eric, Swann Stephen et McGuire Mary-Rose 1974-, dir. Benevolent intervention in another's affairs : (PEL Ben. Int.). Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2006.

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Bar, Christian von. Benevolent intervention in another's affairs : (PEL Ben. Int.). Munich : Sellier European Law Publishers, 2006.

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Unaufgeforderte Hilfeleistung in Notsituationen : Eine rechtshistorische und rechtsvergleichende Studie zu den zivilrechtlichen Aspekten der Nothilfe mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Rechts der Geschäftsführung ohne Auftrag. Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 2011.

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Väyrynen, Raimo. The age of humanitarian emergencies. Helsinki, Finland : United Nations University, World Institute for Development Economics Research, 1996.

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Emergencies. Princeton, N.J : Peterson's, 1993.

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Hallam, Alistair. Evaluating humanitarian assistance programmes in complex emergencies. London : Overseas Development Institute, 1998.

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Commission of the European Communities. Directorate-General of Information., dir. Europe-South dialogue. [Brussels] : Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General for Information, 1985.

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Elizabeth, Adelski, Center for Development Information and Evaluation (U.S.) et United States. Agency for International Development., dir. Complex humanitarian emergencies and USAID's humanitarian response. Washington : Center for Development Information and Evaluation, U.S. Agency for International Development, 2000.

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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Development Assistance Committee. Working Party on Aid Evaluation., dir. Guidance for evaluating humanitarian assistance in complex emergencies. Paris : OECD, 1999.

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Solidarité Europe-Afrique. Paris : Economica, 2013.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Assistance in emergencies – Europe"

Arabian, Aram A., Ann Medinger et Samuel V. Spagnolo. « Ventilatory Assistance and Its Complications ». Dans Handbook of Pulmonary Emergencies, 231–48. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5125-2_16.

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Verney, Susannah, et Dimitris Katsikas. « Eurozone Crisis Management and the Growth of Opposition to European Integration ». Dans Financial Crisis Management and Democracy, 251–64. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54895-7_16.

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AbstractThe crisis that started in Greece in 2010 gradually spread to other Eurozone member states. Things were worse for the crisis-hit countries of the Eurozone periphery, some of which implemented harsh adjustment programmes in the context of financial assistance agreements, while others adopted similar policies even though they had not officially entered a bailout agreement (e.g. Spain and to a lesser degree Italy). In this environment of deteriorating material conditions, Euroscepticism reached new heights. This chapter examines the impact of the crisis, and the way it was handled, on regionalism in Europe, through its effects on Euroscepticism. The authors compare Eurobarometer data from European Union (EU) member states, in order to develop a comparative outlook on attitudes towards European integration during the crisis. The analysis employs data at discreet time intervals, in order to capture the evolution of attitudes from the pre-crisis environment in 2008, to the peak of the crisis in 2012, its gradual resolution in 2016 and its official ending (with the exit of Greece from its third bailout programme) in 2018. This analysis is complemented by an overview of the political developments in crisis-hit countries with the objective of documenting and analysing the emergence and, in some cases, dominance of Eurosceptic parties. The objective is to present a comprehensive overview of political developments and the public attitudes that shaped them, vis a vis the EU, during the crisis and offer a tentative conclusion on their impact on the European integration process.

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Gonnella, Patrizio. « Italy : Between Amnesties and Emergencies ». Dans Punishment in Europe, 226–44. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137028211_11.

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Jonah, James O. C., David MacDonald et Indar Jit Rikhye. « Delivering Humanitarian Assistance in African Armed Conficts : Conclusions ». Dans Humanitarian Emergencies and Military Help in Africa, 110–17. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11582-2_7.

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Ark-Yıldırım, Ceren, et Marc Smyrl. « Cash Transfer and Humanitarian Assistance ». Dans Social Cash Transfer in Turkey, 89–113. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70381-3_5.

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AbstractIn this chapter, we turn our attention to cash transfer (CT) as an instrument of humanitarian assistance for forced migrants in Turkey. We first consider the emergence of CT as a priority instrument for humanitarian assistance in the twenty-first century. We then sketch the political background of humanitarian assistance in Turkey for persons displaced by internal conflicts in Syria focusing in particular on the EU–Turkey agreements that led to the establishment of the Facility for Refugees in Turkey (FRiT) in 2016. In a final section we focus on the establishment as part of FRiT of the Emergency Social Safety Net (ESSN), the largest humanitarian CT program ever established by the European Union. We discuss in particular the program’s institutional complexity and the resulting risk of ambiguous consensus and conflicts of interest among the agencies involved in its design and implementation.

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Forster, Anthony. « Military Cooperation and Assistance in Europe ». Dans Armed Forces and Society in Europe, 170–95. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230502406_7.

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Torstendahl, Rolf. « State Servants : Education, Assistance, Dependence ». Dans Engineers in Western Europe : Ascent—and Decline ?, 51–63. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57438-3_3.

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Weiss, Thomas G., et Henry Wiseman. « Delivering Humanitarian Assistance in African Armed Conflicts : A Critical Commentary ». Dans Humanitarian Emergencies and Military Help in Africa, 118–30. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11582-2_8.

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Garvelink, William J. « Humanitarian Assistance Intervention in Complex Emergencies : Information Requirements in the 1990s ». Dans After Rwanda, 98–105. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24708-0_7.

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Aust, Andreas, et Ana Arriba. « Towards Activation ? Social Assistance Reforms and Discourses ». Dans Ideas and Welfare State Reform in Western Europe, 100–123. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230286016_6.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Assistance in emergencies – Europe"

Glaser-Opitzová, Helena, et Mária Vojtková. « THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTED FACTORS ON THE AT-RISK-OF-POVERTY RATE OF SLOVAK HOUSEHOLDS ». Dans Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.s.p.2020.107.

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Since the goal of any advanced society is to reduce poverty and improve the social status of the population, it is important to know the causes of its emergence. In connection with Slovakia's membership in the European Union, we have taken over European legislation in this area. The Europe 2020 strategy is currently in force in the countries of the European Union, while one of its five main objectives is "Fight against poverty and social exclusion". Poverty research is undoubtedly a topical, multidimensional problem. One of the issues it focuses on is the so-called income poverty. The poverty line is considered to be 60% of the median national equivalent disposable household income. In order for assistance to those at risk to be truly targeted at those who need it most, it is necessary to map the situation in detail and identify the factors that have the greatest impact on the incidence of poverty. In our paper, the subject of analysis will be the quantification of the influence of selected factors from The European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) database on the at-risk-of-poverty rate in Slovak households. The at-risk-of-poverty rate represents the proportion of people (in percent) in the whole population, whose equivalent disposable income is below the at-risk-of-poverty line. We will verify the impact of selected factors on the at-risk-of-poverty rate using a logistic regression model in the SAS Enterprise Guide statistical tool.

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Ferrante, Annarita, Fabrizio Ungaro, Giovanni Semprini, Lorna Dragonetti, Elettra Agliardi et Anastasia Fotopoulou. « Deep renovation up to zero energy through Add-ons : the ABRACADABRA Project ». Dans IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019 : The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland : International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0252.

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and international projectsvarious EU H2020 projectsThough housing is one of the most energy consumer sectors, it is currently extremely underestimated, because of a clear investment gap due to economic, social and legislative barriers. The EU project ABRACADABRA (Assistant Building to Retrofit, Adopt, Cure And Develop the Actual Buildings up to zeRo energy, Activating a market for deep renovation) is based on the idea that the real estate value increase given by the appropriate densification strategy in urban environments could be an opportunity to activate a market for deep energy renovation. To prove the effectiveness of the strategy more than 70 case studies throughout the EU cities have been assessed by means of a cost-effective analysis. Basing on the parametric variation of the different values involved (cost of construction, energy, etc.) the benefit of this strategy has been proved in the majority of the different building types and contexts.More interestingly, the ABRA strategy has been simulated and tested outside Europe in order to verify its scalability and the possibility of considering other non-energy related benefits in the renovation of the existing building stock. A specific study on the NYC urban context has been conducted to effectively adapt the strategy and combine the global drivers of energy consumption reduction and CO2 emission reduction with the local need of combating flood emergency and related flood-proofing measures.The results reached by this work demonstrate how the energy retrofit trough add-ons reduces significantly the payback times of the investments, preserve soil consumption, while providing a extraordinary opportunity to enhance urban resiliency by challenging the local emergencies.

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Götz, M., et M. Kleinkes. « Headlamps for light based driver assistance ». Dans Photonics Europe, sous la direction de Francis Berghmans, Anna G. Mignani, Antonello Cutolo, Patrick P. Meyrueis et Thomas P. Pearsall. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.781032.

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Schmitt, R., F. Koerfer, J. Seewig, W. Osten et A. Weckenmann. « Assistance system for optical sensors ». Dans SPIE Europe Optical Metrology, sous la direction de Harald Bosse, Bernd Bodermann et Richard M. Silver. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.827339.

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BIRKHOFER, ADOLF. « NUCLEAR POWER IN EUROPE ». Dans International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies 34th Session. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812773890_0004.

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SCHUBERT, HILTMAR. « CLIMATE CHANGE—CONSEQUENCES FOR EUROPE ». Dans International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies 38th Session. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812834645_0056.

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HEIM, DAGMAR. « BSE IN EUROPE ». Dans Proceedings of the International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies — 26th Session. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812776945_0013.

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Songjun Pan, Yu Hu, Xing Hu et Xiaowei Li. « A cost-effective substantial-impact-filter based method to tolerate voltage emergencies ». Dans 2011 Design, Automation & Test in Europe. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/date.2011.5763055.

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Serpa-Moron, Melissa, Katherine Pachon-Carrascal, Carlos Pacheco-Bustos, Aymer Y. Maturana, Cesar Viloria-Nunez et Daniel Romero-Rodriguez. « Potential enviromental impacts of a digital platform for the mutual assistance management in technological emergencies ». Dans 2022 IEEE ANDESCON. IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/andescon56260.2022.9989580.

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Parise, G., L. Martirano et L. Parise. « Electric Infrastructures Equalized to Strategic for Disaster Recovery in Emergencies ». Dans 2018 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2018 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eeeic.2018.8494378.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Assistance in emergencies – Europe"

Slater, Rachel. Sustaining Existing Social Protection Programmes During Crises : What Do We Know ? How Can We Know More ? Institute of Development Studies, mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.014.

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Research on social assistance in crisis situations has focused predominantly on how social assistance can flex in response to rapid-onset emergencies such as floods or hurricanes and to slower-onset shocks such as drought. This paper identifies a substantial knowledge gap – namely, our understanding of the ways in which existing, government-led programmes can be sustained during crises to ensure that households that were already poor and vulnerable before a crisis continue to be supported. The limited literature available focuses on climate- and natural environment-related shocks – far less attention is paid to other crises. Conflict-affected situations are a major gap, although there is an emerging body of evidence of the ways in which focus on adapting delivery mechanisms has allowed social assistance and other social protection programmes to be sustained throughout the Covid-19 pandemic. The paper concludes that a better understanding of when, where and how existing programmes can be sustained during situations of violent conflict will help to ensure that poor and vulnerable households can be supported – either through government programmes or by enabling robust diagnosis of when efforts to sustaining existing programmes will be inadequate and an additional, external responses are required.

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Milante, Gary, et Jannie Lilja. Chronic Crisis Financing ? Fifty Years of Humanitarian Aid and Future Prospects. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, avril 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/agar2561.

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This study maps trends of humanitarian funding in the context of total aid at the coun-try level between 1969 and 2019 and estimates how these trends will change in the future. Historical trends show that the com-position of aid has changed significantly in the last two dec-ades: the humanitarian share of total aid to countries has increased from approxi-mately 5 per cent in the 1990s to 23 per cent in 2019. Humanitarian aid was originally intended to respond to short-term emergencies, how-ever, most of today’s humani-tarian financing goes to pro-tracted situations. Today many countries receive high levels of humanitarian assistance for a decade or longer, referred to here as ‘chronic’ cases. More than half of total global humanitarian assistance (59 per cent) in the decade 2010–19 went to chronic crises, typically synonymous with conflict-affected, fragile and refugee-hosting settings. These chronic crises have become more prevalent since 1995. Conservative forecasts suggest that 71 per cent of humanitarian assistance over the next decade will continue to go to countries receiving high levels of assistance today. The study concludes with open questions to policymakers regarding the use of the humanitarian financing instrument. In chronic crisis settings, the strategic balance between humanitarian, development and peacebuilding financing and the interplay between these streams will remain critical.

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Haider, Huma. Fostering a Democratic Culture : Lessons for the Eastern Neighbourhood. Institute of Development Studies, août 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.131.

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Political culture is the values, beliefs, and emotions that members of a society express about the political regime and their role in it (Pickering, 2022, p. 5). Norms, values, attitudes and practices considered integral to a “culture of democracy”, according to the Council of Europe, include: a commitment to public deliberation, discussion, and the free expression of opinions; a commitment to electoral rules; the rule of law; and the protection of minority rights; peaceful conflict resolution. The consolidation of democracy involves not only institutional change, but also instilling a democratic culture in a society (Balčytienė, 2021). Research on democratic consolidation in various countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) finds that a key impediment to consolidation is the persistence of old, authoritarian political culture that undermines political and civic participation. This rapid review looks at aspects of democratic culture and potential ways to foster it, focusing on educational initiatives and opportunities for civic action — which comprise much of the literature on developing the values, attitudes and behaviours of democracy. Discussion on the strengthening of democratic institutions or assistance to electoral processes is outside the scope of the report.

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Romero, Antonio. The Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement and relations between European Union and Cuba. Fundación Carolina, février 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dtff01en.

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This document makes an assessment of the Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement (PDCA) between Cuba and the European Union (EU) in its four years of validity, and of the evolution of political and economic relations between both parties. The analysis is structured in five headings that address the background, determinants and significance of the PDCA between Cuba and the EU; the main elements discussed in the political dialogue —and in thematic dialogue— between the two parties since 2018, and the central aspects of trade, investment and cooperation relations between Cuba and the EU. The report concludes that, unlike the United States, the EU is able to support the complex process of economic and institutional transformations underway in Cuba, in four fundamental areas: i) technical assistance and advice for the design and implementation of public policies, macroeconomic management, decentralisation and local development; ii) cooperation to fight climate change and transform Cuba’s productive and technological structure; iii) the promotion and encouragement of foreign investment flows from Europe, targeting key productive sectors; and iv) the exploration of financial opportunities for Cuba through the European Investment Bank (EIB) under the current PDCA.

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An observation checklist for facility-based normal labor and delivery practices : The Galaa study. Population Council, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2003.1000.

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Globally, almost 515,000 women die every year from maternal causes related to pregnancy or childbirth. Most research focuses on identifying high-risk cases or managing obstetric emergencies, in an attempt to reduce women’s risk of dying of maternal causes. While facility practices for normal labor were extensively examined and revised in Europe and North America in the 1970s and 1980s, little is known about facility practices for normal labor in many parts of the developing world. It is important for practitioners and policymakers to know the nature and frequency of common facility practices for normal labor. Substandard care has been identified by the Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population as the leading avoidable factor contributing to maternal deaths in Egypt. Much progress has been achieved regarding management of obstetric emergencies, however facility practices for normal labor are unexplored and undocumented in Egypt. With the support and collaboration of El Galaa hospital staff, a study was conducted in 2001 and yielded comprehensive data. This monograph presents one of the data collection tools—the observation checklist—and describes the process of developing the checklist and a critical analysis of its performance.

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EUROPEAN STANDARDS OF CARE FOR NEWBORN HEALTH. Chernivtsi, Ukraine : Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine Bukovinian State Medical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2413-4260.ix.3.33.2019.1.

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Medical treatment and care for preterm and sick newborn babies in European countries varies greatly. Significant differences are not only limited to the survival rates of such infants. In some European countries, preterm birth is also more commonly associated with chronic physical and mental disability than in others. This effect is exacerbated by the fact that in some parts of Europe, further assistance to these vulnerable children after discharge from the hospital (follow-up and early intervention) is not structured or even does not exist at all. Given the high level of inequality in health care delivery, agreed definitions and clear recommendations for infrastructure, medical processes, care procedures, and staffing capabilities are needed to compare and adjust the conditions of care in Europe. Therefore, there is an absolute need to ensure that high-level care is equally available throughout and for everyone. European standards of care for newborn health, developed on the initiative and under the project of the European Foundation for the Care of Newborn Infants (EFCNI), will help to overcome differences in clinical practice, structure and organization of care, as well as training of healthcare professionals. This publication presents the part of the standards regarding health care for preterm and sick infants.

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