Articles de revues : « Asphyxia in the air »

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Xie, Ailiang, James B. Skatrud, David C. Crabtree, Dominic S. Puleo, Brian M. Goodman et Barbara J. Morgan. « Neurocirculatory consequences of intermittent asphyxia in humans ». Journal of Applied Physiology 89, n^o 4 (1 octobre 2000) : 1333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.89.4.1333.

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We examined the neurocirculatory and ventilatory responses to intermittent asphyxia (arterial O2 saturation = 79–85%, end-tidal Pco 2 =3–5 Torr above eupnea) in seven healthy humans during wakefulness. The intermittent asphyxia intervention consisted of 20-s asphyxic exposures alternating with 40-s periods of room-air breathing for a total of 20 min. Minute ventilation increased during the intermittent asphyxia period (14.2 ± 2.0 l/min in the final 5 min of asphyxia vs. 7.5 ± 0.4 l/min in baseline) but returned to the baseline level within 2 min after completion of the series of asphyxic exposures. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity increased progressively, reaching 175 ± 12% of baseline in the final 5 min of the intervention. Unlike ventilation, sympathetic activity remained elevated for at least 20 min after removal of the chemical stimuli (150 ± 10% of baseline in the last 5 min of the recovery period). Intermittent asphyxia caused a small, but statistically significant, increase in heart rate (64 ± 4 beats/min in the final 5 min of asphyxia vs. 61 ± 4 beats/min in baseline); however, this increase was not sustained after the return to room-air breathing. These data demonstrate that relatively short-term exposure to intermittent asphyxia causes sympathetic activation that persists after removal of the chemical stimuli. This carryover effect provides a potential mechanism whereby intermittent asphyxia during sleep could lead to chronic sympathetic activation in patients with sleep apnea syndrome.

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Morgan, B. J., D. C. Crabtree, M. Palta et J. B. Skatrud. « Combined hypoxia and hypercapnia evokes long-lasting sympathetic activation in humans ». Journal of Applied Physiology 79, n^o 1 (1 juillet 1995) : 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.79.1.205.

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We studied ventilatory and neurocirculatory responses to combined hypoxia (arterial O2 saturation 80%) and hypercapnia (end-tidal CO2 + 5 Torr) in awake humans. This asphyxic stimulus produced a substantial increase in minute ventilation (6.9 +/- 0.4 to 20.0 +/- 1.5 l/min) that promptly subsided on return to room air breathing. During asphyxia, muscle sympathetic nerve activity (intraneural microelectrodes) increased to 220 +/- 28% of the room air baseline. Approximately two-thirds of this sympathetic activation persisted after return to room air breathing for the duration of our measurements (20 min in 8 subjects, 1 h in 2 subjects). In contrast, neither ventilation nor sympathetic outflow changed during time control experiments. A 20-min exposure to hyperoxic hypercapnia also caused a sustained increase in sympathetic activity, but, unlike the aftereffect of asphyxia, this effect was short lived and coincident with continued hyperpnea. In summary, relatively brief periods of asphyxic stimulation cause substantial increases in sympathetic vasomotor outflow that outlast the chemical stimuli. These findings provide a potential explanation for the chronically elevated sympathetic nervous system activity that accompanies sleep apnea syndrome.

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Brambrink, Ansgar M., Lee J. Martin, Daniel F. Hanley, Kyra J. Becker, Raymond C. Koehler et Richard J. Traystman. « Effects of the AMPA Receptor Antagonist NBQX on Outcome of Newborn Pigs after Asphyxic Cardiac Arrest ». Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & ; Metabolism 19, n^o 8 (août 1999) : 927–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004647-199908000-00012.

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In neonates, asphyxia is a common cause of neuronal injury and often results in seizures. The authors evaluated whether blockade of a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors during asphyxia and early recovery with 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo-(F)-quinoxaline (NBQX) ameliorates neurologic deficit and histopathology in 1-week-old piglets. Anesthetized piglets were exposed to a sequence of 30 minutes of hypoxia, 5 minutes of room air ventilation, 7 minutes of airway occlusion, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Vehicle or NBQX was administered intravenously before asphyxia (30 mg/kg) and during the first 4 hours of recovery (15 mg/kg/h). Neuropathologic findings were evaluated at 96 hours of recovery by light microscopic and cytochrome oxidase histochemical study. Cardiac arrest occurred at 5 to 6 minutes of airway occlusion, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation restored spontaneous circulation independent of treatment modalities in about 2 to 3 minutes. Neurologic deficit over the 96-hour recovery period was not ameliorated by NBQX. Seizure activity began after 24 to 48 hours in 7 of 10 animals with vehicle and in 9 of 10 of animals with NBQX. In each group, four animals died in status epilepticus. Neuropathologic outcomes were not improved by NBQX. The density of remaining viable neurons was decreased in parietal cortex and putamen by NBQX treatment. Metabolic defects in cytochrome oxidase activity were worsened by NBQX treatment. Seizure activity during recovery was associated with reduced neuronal viability in neocortex and striatum in piglets from both groups that survived for 96 hours. This neonatal model of asphyxic cardiac arrest and resuscitation generates neurologic deficits, clinical seizure activity, and selective damage in regions of basal ganglia and sensorimotor cortex. In contrast to other studies in mature brain, AMPA receptor blockade with NBQX failed to protect against neurologic damage in the immature piglet and worsened postasphyxic histopathologic outcome in neocortex and putamen.

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Rzemieniec, J., E. Bratek, A. Wnuk, K. Przepiórska, E. Salińska et M. Kajta. « Neuroprotective effect of 3,3’-Diindolylmethane against perinatal asphyxia involves inhibition of the AhR and NMDA signaling and hypermethylation of specific genes ». Apoptosis 25, n^o 9-10 (20 août 2020) : 747–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10495-020-01631-3.

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Abstract Each year, 1 million children die due to perinatal asphyxia; however, there are no effective drugs to protect the neonatal brain against hypoxic/ischemic damage. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time the neuroprotective capacity of 3,3’-diindolylmethane (DIM) in an in vivo model of rat perinatal asphyxia, which has translational value and corresponds to hypoxic/ischemic episodes in human newborns. Posttreatment with DIM restored the weight of the ipsilateral hemisphere and normalized cell number in the brain structures of rats exposed to perinatal asphyxia. DIM also downregulated the mRNA expression of HIF1A-regulated Bnip3 and Hif1a which is a hypoxic marker, and the expression of miR-181b which is an indicator of perinatal asphyxia. In addition, DIM inhibited apoptosis and oxidative stress accompanying perinatal asphyxia through: downregulation of FAS, CASP-3, CAPN1, GPx3 and SOD-1, attenuation of caspase-9 activity, and upregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl2 mRNA. The protective effects of DIM were accompanied by the inhibition of the AhR and NMDA signaling pathways, as indicated by the reduced expression levels of AhR, ARNT, CYP1A1, GluN1 and GluN2B, which was correlated with enhanced global DNA methylation and the methylation of the Ahr and Grin2b genes. Because our study provided evidence that in rat brain undergoing perinatal asphyxia, DIM predominantly targets AhR and NMDA, we postulate that compounds that possess the ability to inhibit their signaling are promising therapeutic tools to prevent stroke.

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Busija, D. W., et M. Wei. « Altered cerebrovascular responsiveness to N-methyl-D-aspartate after asphyxia in piglets ». American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 265, n^o 1 (1 juillet 1993) : H389—H394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1993.265.1.h389.

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We examined effects of prior asphyxia and reventilation on pial arteriolar responses to arterial hypercapnia, topical application of forskolin, and topical application of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) in newborn pigs. Piglets were anesthetized and ventilated with a respirator. Pial arteriolar diameter was determined using a closed cranial window and intravital microscopy. After baseline diameter was determined, the respirator was turned off for 10 min. Then the respirator was turned on, and the piglet was ventilated for 4 h. At 1, 2, and 4 h after asphyxia, arteriolar diameter was determined during control conditions and during arterial hypercapnia (inspiration of 10% CO2 in air; n = 4), topical application of 2.4 x 10(-8) M forskolin (n = 6), and topical application of 10(-5) M NMDA (n = 6). At 1 h after asphyxia, arterial hypercapnia dilated pial arterioles by 39 +/- 3%, topical forskolin dilated pial arterioles by 24 +/- 3%, and NMDA dilated pial arterioles by 10 +/- 1%. For arterial hypercapnia and forskolin application, arteriolar responses were not different from 1 h at 2 and 4 h postasphyxia. In contrast, for NMDA, arteriolar responses were greater at 2 h (23 +/- 6%) and 4 h (30 +/- 5%) than at 1 h. In time-control animals, NMDA dilated arterioles by 20 +/- 5% at 1 h, by 24 +/- 8% at 2 h, and by 21 +/- 4% at 4 h (n = 5). Indomethacin administration (5 mg/kg iv) before asphyxia resulted in a 23 +/- 3% arteriolar dilation in response to NMDA at 1 h (n = 7).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Chaudhry, Samena, Magnus Harrison et Martin S. Roth. « First aid : Airway, choking and asphyxia ». BMJ 330, Suppl S3 (1 mars 2005) : 0503100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sbmj.0503100.

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Van Heeswijk, J. C. F., J. Van Pelt et G. E. E. J. M. Van den Thillart. « Free fatty acid metabolism in the air-breathing African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) during asphyxia ». Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A : Molecular & ; Integrative Physiology 141, n^o 1 (mai 2005) : 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.03.006.

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Fanos, V., A. Noto, T. Xanthos, M. Lussu, F. Murgia, L. Barberini, G. Finco et al. « Metabolomics Network Characterization of Resuscitation after Normocapnic Hypoxia in a Newborn Piglet Model Supports the Hypothesis That Room Air Is Better ». BioMed Research International 2014 (2014) : 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/731620.

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Perinatal asphyxia is attributed to hypoxia and/or ischemia around the time of birth and may lead to multiorgan dysfunction. Aim of this research article is to investigate whether different metabolomic profiles occurred according to oxygen concentration administered at resuscitation. In order to perform the experiment, forty newborn piglets were subjected to normocapnic hypoxia and reoxygenation and were randomly allocated in 4 groups resuscitated with different oxygen concentrations, 18%, 21%, 40%, and 100%, respectively. Urine metabolic profiles at baseline and at hypoxia were analysed by1H-NMR spectroscopy and metabolites were also identified by multivariate statistical analysis. Metabolic pathways associations were also built up by ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). Bioinformatics analysis of metabolites characterized the effect of metabolism in the 4 groups; it showed that the 21% of oxygen is the most “physiological” and appropriate concentration to be used for resuscitation. Our data indicate that resuscitation with 21% of oxygen seems to be optimal in terms of survival, rapidity of resuscitation, and metabolic profile in the present animal model. These findings need to be confirmed with metabolomics in human and, if so, the knowledge of the perinatal asphyxia condition may significantly improve.

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Lestari, Siti, Dyah Dwi Astuti et Fachriza Malika Ramadhani. « Analisis Faktor Fetus dan Tali Pusat terhadap Risiko Asphyxia Perinatal di Surakarta ». Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan Anak 3, n^o 1 (31 mai 2020) : 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32584/jika.v3i1.521.

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Asfiksia perinatal merujuk pada kekurangan oksigen selama persalinan, sehingga berpotensi menyebabkan kematian dan kecacatan. WHO memperkirakan 4 juta anak terlahir dengan asfiksia setiap tahun, dimana 1 juta di antaranya meninggal dan 1 juta anak bertahan hidup dengan gejala sisa neurologis yang parah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor risiko fetal dan tali pusat pada asfiksia neonatal.Penelitian dilakukan di lakukan di RS Dr Moewardi Surakarta dengan pendekatan quantitative retrospective case control study. Data diambil dari rekam medis antara tahun 2013-2018. Penelitan ini melibatkan 264 neonatal yang terdiri dari 88 kelompok kasus dan 176 kelompok control. Kelompok kasus adalah bayi dengan diagnosa asfiksia yang dilakukan analisis terhadap faktor risiko fetal, sedangkan bayi yang tidak mengalami asfiksia dijadikan kelompok kontrol. Hasil analisis statistik uji Chi-Square dan Fisher Exact ditemukan bahwa kelahiran prematur (OR 2,07 CI 95% P 0,02), persalinan dengan tindakan (OR 3,61 CI 95% P 0,00), berat bayi (OR 2,85 CI 95% P 0,00), posisi janin (OR 2,37 CI 95% P 0,05), tali pusat ( QR 3,071 CI 95% P 0,01) berisiko terhadap insiden asfiksia perinatal. Air ketuban yang bercampur meconium (OR 1,51 CI 95% P 0,16) tidak memiliki risiko dengan Asfiksia perinatal. Kesimpulan: Risiko terhadap insiden asfiksia perinatal meliputi kelahiran prematur, persalinan dengan tindakan, berat bayi, posisi janin, dan tali pusat.Perinatal asphyxia refers to a lack of oxygen during labor, which has the potential to cause death and disability. WHO estimates 4 million children born with asphyxia each year, in which 1 million dies and 1 million survive with severe neurological sequelae. This study aims to analyze fetal and umbilical risk factors in neonatal asphyxia.This research is a quantitative retrospective case-control study, which was conducted at The Dr. Moewardi hospital, Surakarta. Data was taken from medical records from 2013-2018. The case group was patients diagnosed asphyxia, while those who did not experience asphyxia were treated as a control group. A total of 264 samples, consisting of 88 case group respondents and 176 control group respondents. Statistical analysis Chi- Square and Fisher Exact found that preterm birth (OR 2.07 CI 95% P 0.02), labor with instrument or complication (OR 3.61 CI 95% P 0.00), infant weight (OR 2.85 CI 95% P 0, 00), fetal position (OR 2.37 CI 95% P 0.05), umbilical cord (QR 3.071 CI 95% P 0.01) are at risk for the incidence of perinatal Asphyxia. The amniotic fluid mixed with meconium (OR 1.51 CI 95% P 0.16) has no risk with perinatal asphyxia.The risk factors of incidences of perinatal asphyxia were preterm birth, labor with instrument or complication, baby weight, fetal position and umbilical cord.

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Ment, Laura R., William B. Stewart, Charles C. Duncan et Bruce R. Pitt. « Beagle puppy model of perinatal cerebral insults ». Journal of Neurosurgery 65, n^o 6 (décembre 1986) : 847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1986.65.6.0847.

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✓ Asphyxia, with its attendant hypoxemia, is by far the most common cause of neonatal cerebral infarction, and frequently results in lesions of the parieto-occipital white matter in addition to other neuropathological changes. This study examines the effects of hypoxemia on regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the newborn beagle pup. The animals were anesthetized, underwent a tracheotomy, and were paralyzed. Pups were randomly divided into two groups: one group was subjected to hypoxemia produced by altering the oxygen concentration in the inspired air, and the other received no insult. In the hypoxemic pups, the pO2 was 13.1 ± 2.1 mm Hg (mean ± standard deviation). Autoradiographic determinations of CBF were performed by the carbon-14-iodoantipyrine technique 15 minutes after randomization. Significant increases in CBF were found throughout the brains of the hypoxemic pups. The CBF was increased to cortical and central gray regions and to frontal and temporal white matter but was unchanged in the parietal white matter, one of the classic sites of radiological and neuropathological injury in neonates with perinatal asphyxia. An unexpected finding was the increased incidence of germinal matrix and/or intraventricular hemorrhages in the hypoxemic pups.

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Domoki, Ferenc, Aliz Zimmermann, Gabor Cserni, Rita Bori, Peter Temesvári et Ferenc Bari. « Reventilation with room air or 100% oxygen after asphyxia differentially affects cerebral neuropathology in newborn pigs ». Acta Paediatrica 95, n^o 9 (1 septembre 2006) : 1109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08035250600717139.

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Yekhalov, V. V., V. A. Sedinkin et O. V. Kravets. « Asphyxia with a reduced oxygen content in the environment (clinical lecture) ». EMERGENCY MEDICINE 17, n^o 3 (6 juillet 2021) : 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0586.17.3.2021.234797.

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Asphyxia due to a decrease in oxygen concentration in the inhaled air is not common. Nevertheless, the mass media fairly regularly inform the population about its episodes in wine cellars, silos, and children in closed spaces. Quite a serious problem is exogenous hypoxia in miners as a result of accidents with the release of firedamp, carbon dioxide poisoning of submarine crews in case of failure of ventilation systems. The modern extreme sports enthusiast who are actively engaged in mountain tourism and mountaineering, speleology (including diggers), amateur piloting of sports aircraft and balloons, diving, etc. are subject to such lesions. In the available special literature sources on the topic “Asphyxiation due to a decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the environment”, there are almost no reports related to lifetime pathogenetic characteristics, diagnosis, and the basics of providing medical care to such victims. There are isolated recommendations on the provision of medical care for mountain sickness, while other options for exogenous asphyxia are considered only from the standpoint of forensic medical examination, in most cases — posthumously. Based on isolated domestic and foreign research works, personal theoretical and clinical experience, we have developed an algorithm for diagnosis and medical care at the stages of the route of a victim with exogenous hypoxia.

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Sonar, Vaibhav, et Sachin Patil. « Unusual case of choking due to assassin bug (Cydnocoris gilvus) ». Medicine, Science and the Law 58, n^o 1 (janvier 2018) : 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025802417747429.

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Choking is a form of asphyxia which is caused by an obstruction within the air passages. Here, we report a case of obstruction of the upper respiratory tract due to assassin bug ( Cydnocoris gilvus) where allegations of medical negligence were made by relatives of the deceased. Autopsy findings demonstrated that an insect was present inside the larynx, lodged at the epiglottis. Multiple haemorrhagic patches were present at the base of the tongue, larynx, epiglottis, vocal cords and tracheal bifurcation. As Reduviidae can be successfully used as a biological pest-control agents, they should be used with due precaution.

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Saboute, Maryam, Javad Balasi, Saleheh Tajalli, Mahmoud Hajipour, Shaghayegh Heshmat, Nasrin Khalesi et Leila Allahqoli. « Effect of Aminophylline in Preventing Renal Dysfunction among Neonates with Prenatal Asphyxia : A Clinical Trial ». Archives of Iranian Medicine 23, n^o 5 (1 mai 2020) : 312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/aim.2020.20.

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Background: As there are different views on the effects of aminophylline on neonatal renal function, we intended to observe the effects of aminophylline on renal dysfunction in neonates with prenatal asphyxia. Methods: This randomized trial was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from June 2016 to May 2017, in neonates with moderate to severe asphyxia during birth. Fifty-six neonates were divided randomly into two groups. The intervention group received one dose of 5mg/kg slow intravenous aminophylline injection and the placebo group received 2 mL/kg of intravenous 10% solution of dextrose saline during the first hour of life. They were monitored and compared for renal functional indices, electrolytes, and complications of asphyxia during the three days of life. Results: The mean of Cr (37.9 ± 8.8 vs 38.5 ± 9.4 and 20.8 ± 4.8 vs 30.1 ± 5.2 μmol/L), GFR (21.55 ± 4.7 vs 20.25 ± 4.4 and 30.8 ± 7.1 vs 20.1 ± 6.5 mL/minute/1.73 m2 ), Na (135.1 ± 12.4 vs134.5 ± 11.2 and 128.9 ± 11.5 vs 134.2 ± 10.9 mEq/L), and urine output (98.2 ± 25 vs 96.8 ± 23 and 148.7 ± 35 vs 108.8 ± 20 cc) were in the aminophylline treated and placebo group on the 1st and 3rd days, respectively. The mean difference of Cr (-9.3 (-8.9; -9.7) μmol/L); (P = 0.02), GFR (10.7 (10.1; 11.3) mL/minute/1.73 m2 ) (P = 0.009), Na (-5.3 (-5.9; -4.7) mEq/L) (P = 0.002), and urine volume (39.9 (24.9; 54.9) cc) (P = 0.001) presented statistically significant differences on the third day between the intervention and placebo group. Conclusion: Aminophylline was effective in preventing renal dysfunction in neonates with asphyxia. Neonates who received aminophylline indicated a significant improvement in GFR and urine output on the first day of life.

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Stoffregen, J. « The Coughing Pistol — An Improved Model to Remove Obstructive Material out of the Tracheobronchial Tree ». Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, S1 (1985) : 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00044502.

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Coughing is a vital reflex consisting of two steps: firstly, the simultaneous closure of the glottis and the rise of the intrathoracic pressure to 150–180 torr by maximum contraction of the abdominal muscles; and secondly, the quick opening of the glottis valve within 0.03 seconds. Consequently a small amount of air is pushed out of the lungs with a velocity as high as 5–8 liters/sec, carrying with it secretions or foreign materials. Under pathological conditions or in special medical situations such as general anesthesia with muscle relaxation—this physiological reflex mechanism is blocked or interrupted, possibly resulting in more or less severe pulmonary complications or even deadly asphyxia.

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Vento, Max, Jose Vina, Miguel Asensi et Fernando Garcia-Sala. « Resuscitation of Term Neonates with Moderate Asphyxia with Room Air or Oxygen : Consequences on the Glutathione Metabolism ». Pediatric Research 45, n^o 4, Part 2 of 2 (avril 1999) : 231A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199904020-01373.

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Yitayew, Yibeltal Asmamaw, et Zemen Mengesha Yalew. « Survival status and predictors of mortality among asphyxiated neonates admitted to the NICU of Dessie comprehensive specialized hospital, Amhara region, Northeast Ethiopia ». PLOS ONE 17, n^o 12 (21 décembre 2022) : e0279451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279451.

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Introduction Birth asphyxia is one of the leading causes of early neonatal mortality, which causes an estimated 900,000 deaths annually. Therefore, assessing the survival status and predictors of mortality among asphyxiated neonates will be highly helpful to policymakers in designing, implementing, and evaluating programs to achieve the sustainable development goal of reducing neonatal mortality as low as 12/1,000 live births by 2030. Methods A facility-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 378 asphyxiated neonates admitted to the NICU of Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from January, 2017 –December, 2019. The data were collected from eligible records by using a structured data extraction tool from March 30 –April 21, 2020. The data were cleaned manually and entered into Epi-data version 7.1.2.0, and STATA version 16 was used for the analysis. Bivariate and Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis were performed, and significant predictors were identified using 95% confidence interval and p-value <0.05. Result A total of 378 neonates were followed for 2298 neonatal days, ranging from 1 to 28 days. The mortality incidence rate was 5.3/100 person-days-of observation (95% CI: 4.41, 6.29), and 32% (95% CI: 27.6%, 36.8%) of the study subjects died. Admission weight (AHR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.72), seizure (AHR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.27), neonates who received resuscitation (AHR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.18, 3.80), and stage of asphyxia (moderate (AHR: 3.50; 95% CI: 1.55, 8.36), and severe (AHR: 11.55; 95% CI: 4.73, 28.25)) were significant predictors of neonatal mortality among asphyxiated neonates. Conclusion The magnitude of neonatal mortality among asphyxiated neonates in the study area was high. Admission weight, seizure, resuscitation, and stage of asphyxia were significant predictors of mortality among neonates with asphyxia. Therefore, special attention should be given to asphyxiated neonates with low admission weight and those who had seizure. Additionally, the timing, quality, and effectiveness of resuscitation might need further assessment and evaluation.

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Popa, Marius Florentin. « Postmortem Traumatic Lesions Produced In Storm Conditions In Black Sea – Case Presentations ». ARS Medica Tomitana 18, n^o 1 (1 décembre 2012) : 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10307-012-0009-7.

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Abstract Drowning represents a mechanical asphyxia form, produced by the obstruction of the air pathways, obstruction in which the air is replaced by a fluid. For the drowning to take place is enough that the breathing orifices (mouth, nose) to be placed in the fluid environment. This paper aims to analyze some special drowning cases, cases in which the traumatic lesions encountered are very rare in the forensic pathology. These postmortem traumatic lesions are very rare encountered in cases of drowning. In the international special literature there are no such cases presented, because these types of traumatic injuries are usually present in death situations due to a much more violent death mechanism - blunt object trauma, driving or train accidents. In the international special literature this types of lesions are not encountered, this aspect being very important to be known and noted, for a pertinent differential diagnosis with other more violent types of death.

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Rauch, Simon, Giacomo Strapazzon et Hermann Brugger. « On-Site Medical Management of Avalanche Victims—A Narrative Review ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n^o 19 (29 septembre 2021) : 10234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910234.

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Avalanche accidents are common in mountain regions and approximately 100 fatalities are counted in Europe each year. The average mortality rate is about 25% and survival chances are mainly determined by the degree and duration of avalanche burial, the patency of the airway, the presence of an air pocket, snow characteristics, and the severity of traumatic injuries. The most common cause of death in completely buried avalanche victims is asphyxia followed by trauma. Hypothermia accounts for a minority of deaths; however, hypothermic cardiac arrest has a favorable prognosis and prolonged resuscitation and extracorporeal rewarming are indicated. In this article, we give an overview on the pathophysiology and on-site management of avalanche victims.

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Takahashi, Ken, Tomoka Matsumura, Yushi Abe, Atsushi Nakajima, Takuya Funayama, Thunshuda Sumphaongern, Ryo Wakita et Shigeru Maeda. « Perioperative Management of a Patient With Tongue Cancer Who Developed Pneumomediastinum Following Tracheostomy Performed to Secure the Airway ». Anesthesia Progress 69, n^o 4 (1 décembre 2022) : 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2344/anpr-69-03-02.

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Prior to a scheduled operation for a 45-year-old male patient with tongue cancer, a tracheotomy performed under intravenous sedation to prevent asphyxia due to extensive bleeding resulted in pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema. The planned operations were postponed until reduction of the pneumomediastinum was confirmed. During operation, airway pressure was kept low to prevent tension pneumomediastinum along with a sufficient depth of anesthesia, controlled analgesia, and continuous administration of muscle relaxants. Postoperatively, sedation was used to avoid stress and complications with the vascular anastomosis site. In this case, air leakage into the soft tissues was one of the possible causes of the event associated with increased airway pressure. Although the incidence of such complications is relatively low, caution should be exercised after tracheostomy.

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Kumalasari, Intan, et Zizke Rusella. « RISIKO KEJADIAN ASFIKSIA NEONATORUM PADA PERSALINAN KALA II MEMANJANG, AIR KETUBAN BERCAMPUR MEKONIUM DAN USIA IBU ». JURNAL KEPERAWATAN SUAKA INSAN (JKSI) 7, n^o 2 (13 juillet 2022) : 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.51143/jksi.v7i2.325.

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AbstrakAsfiksia neonatorum masih menempati urutan kedua sebagai penyebab kematian bayi baru lahir pada minggu pertamakehidupan setelah BBLR di Indonesia. Kegagalan bernapas secara spontan dan teratur menjadi penyebab utama kematian.Mengidentifikasi faktor risiko merupakan upaya memperkecil angka kejadian dan tingkat kefatalan bayi dengan asfiksia,diantaranya karena kala II memanjang, air ketuban bercampur mekoneum dan usia ibu. Tujuan penelitian ini untukmengetahui hubungan kala II memanjang, air ketuban bercampur mekoneum dan usia ibu secara bersama maupun sebagianterhadap kejadian asfiksia neonatorum. Penelitian ini menggunakan survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional.Populasi dalam penelitian adalah semua bayi baru lahir di Rumah Sakit Muhammadiyah Palembang yang tercatat diinstalasi rekam medik, menggunakan teknik total sampling sebanyak 156 kelahiran pada periode 1 September sampai 1Oktober 2016. Data di analisis secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian diperoleh hubunganbermakna antara Persalinan Kala II memanjang dengan Asfiksia Neonatorum (p=0,002) dan OR=42,600 yang berartipersalinan dengan Kala II memanjang berisiko 42,6 kali menyebabkan Asfiksia Neonatorum, begitu pula dengan airketuban bercampur mekoneum dimana p=0,000 dan OR=21,719 yang bermakna air ketuban bercampur mekoneumberisiko 21,719 kali menyebabkan Asfiksia, tetapi tidak untuk usia ibu (p value 0,603; OR = 0,858). Deteksi dini melaluiperawatan antenatal secara rutin dapat meminimalisir faktor risiko dan kejadian Asfiksia Neonatorum.Kata kunci: asfiksia neonatorum, air ketuban bercampur bercampur mekomenum, persalinan kala II memanjang, usiaibu Daftar PustakaJournalsAslam, H. M., Saleem, S., Afzal, R., Iqbal, U., Saleem,S. M., Shaikh, M. W. A., & Shahid, N. (2014).Risk factors of birth asphyxia. Italian journal ofpediatrics, 40(1), 1-9.Chiabi, A., Nguefack, S., Evelyne, M. A. H., Nodem, S.,Mbuagbaw, L., Mbonda, E., & Tchokoteu, P. F.(2013). Risk factors for birth asphyxia in anurban health facility in Cameroon. Iranianjournal of child neurology, 7(3), 46.Fajarwati, N., Andayani, P., & Rosida, L. (2016).Hubungan antara berat badan lahir dan kejadianasfiksia neonatorum. Berkala KedokteranUnlam, 12(1), 33-39.)Fischer, C., Rybakowski, C., Ferdynus, C., Sagot, P., &Gouyon, J. B. (2012). A population-based studyof meconium aspiration syndrome in neonatesborn between 37 and 43 weeks ofP- ISSN: 2527-5798, E-ISSN: 2580-7633Jurnal Keperawatan Suaka Insan (JKSI) Volume 7, Number 2, Juli-Desember 202296gestation. International journal ofpediatrics, 2012.Fitria, E., & Utami, F. S. (2016). AMNITIONFACTORS RELATED TO EVENTS OFASPHYSIA IN BABIES IN PANEMBAHANSENOPATI HOSPITAL, BANTUL IN 2015.Indah, S. N., & Apriliana, E. (2016). Hubungan antarapreeklamsia dalam kehamilan dengan kejadianasfiksia pada bayi baru lahir. JurnalMajority, 5(5), 55-60.Katiandagho, N., & Kusmiyati, K. (2015). FactorsAssociated with the Incidence of AsphyxiaNeonatorum. JIDAN (Journal of ScientificMidwives), 3(2), 28-38.Louis, D., Sundaram, V., Mukhopadhyay, K., Dutta, S.,& Kumar, P. (2014). Predictors of mortality inneonates with meconium aspirationsyndrome. Indian pediatrics, 51(8), 637-640.Lubis, N. L. (2016). Psikologi Kespro. Wanita danPerkembangan Reproduksinya: Ditinjau dariAspek Fisik dan Psikologinya. Kencana.Majeed, R., Memon, Y., Majeed, F., Shaikh, N. P., &Rajar, U. D. (2007). Risk factors of birthasphyxia. Journal of Ayub Medical CollegeAbbottabad, 19(3), 67-71.Onyearugha, C. N., & Ugboma, H. A. (2012). Fetaloutcome of antepartum and intrapartumeclampsia in Aba, southeastern Nigeria.Tropical doctor, 42(3), 129-132.Pitsawong, C., & Panichkul, P. (2011). Risk factorsassociated with birth asphyxia inPhramongkutklao Hospital. Thai Journal ofObstetrics and Gynaecology, 165-171.Qoniah, B. (2016). HUBUNGAN PERSALINANKALA II LAMA DENGAN KEJADIANASFIKSIA PADA BBLR DI RUANGBERSALIN RSUD NGUDI WALUYOKABUPATEN BLITAR TAHUN 2016. JavaHealth Jounal, 3(1), 80-80.Rahmah, A. S., & Armah, M. (2014). Analisis faktorrisiko kejadian asfiksia pada bayi baru lahir diRSUD Syekh Yusuf Gowa dan RSUP DrWahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar tahun2013. Jurnal Kesehatan, 7(1).Saptini, Y. D., & Nikmatul, A. (2015). HUBUNGANANTARA LAMA PERSALINAN KALA II DANJENIS PERSALINAN DENGAN KEJADIANASFIKSIA PADA BAYI BARU LAHIR. JavaHealth Jounal, 2(1), 70-79.Septiana, E.A. 2015. Hubungan Antara Partus LamaDan Kondisi Air Ketuban Dengan KejadianAsfiksia Pada Bayi Baru Lahir di RSUD KotaSalatiga. Jurnal Kebidanan Adila BandarLampung. Volume 7 Edisi 2 Tahun 2015.http://akbidadilabandarlampung.ac.id.Shaikh, M., Waheed, K. A. I., Javaid, S., Gul, R.,Hashmi, M. A., & Fatima, S. T. (2016).Detrimental complications of meconium aspirationsyndrome and their impact on outcome. Journal ofAyub Medical College Abbottabad, 28(3), 506-509.Soviyati, E. (2016). Faktor-Faktor Yang BerhubunganDengan Lama Persalinan di RSUD'45 KuninganJawa Barat Tahun 2015. Jurnal Bidan, 234056.Sunarsih, S., Mardihusodo, S. J., & Hermawan, D.(2014). ANALISIS FAKTOR YANGMEMPENGARUHI KEMATIANNEONATAL (Studi Kasus Di Rumah Sakit Dr.H. Abdul Moeloek ProvinsiLampung). JURNAL DUNIA KESMAS, 3(3).Widiani, A., Kurniati, Y., & Windiani, T. (2016).Maternal and infant risk factors for the incidenceof asphyxia neonatorum in Bali: a case-controlstudy. Public Health and Preventive MedicineArchive, 4(2), 12-126.BooksKemenkes, R. I. (2015). Profil kesehatan indonesia.Octa Dwienda, R., Liva Maita, S. S. T., Saputri, E. M.,& Yulviana, R. (2015). Buku Ajar AsuhanKebidanan Neonatus, Bayi/Balita dan AnakPrasekolah untuk Para Bidan. Deepublish.WebsitesProfil Kesehatan Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, 2016.https://drive.google.com/file/d/1IgtgPeNrfKV6Z7DO65sLLYW4Nmck28n8/viewProfil Kesehatan, Dinas Kesehatan Kota Palembang,2015.https://dinkes.palembang.go.id/tampung/dokumen/dokumen-122-166.pdfP- ISSN: 2527-5798, E-ISSN: 2580-7633Jurnal Keperawatan Suaka Insan (JKSI) Volume 7, Number 2, Juli-Desember 202297Unicef. 2015. Child Mortality Estimates “Under-FiveMortality Rate, Infant Mortality Rate, NeonatalMortality Rate and Number of Deaths.” UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation(IGME) http://www.childmortality.org.WHO. 2015. Infant Mortality.http://www.who.int/gho/child_health/mortality/neonatal_infant_text/en/. Published 2015.

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Temesvári, Péter, Eszter Karg, István Bódi, Ilona Németh, Sándor Pintér, Klaudia Lazics, Ferenc Domoki et Ferenc Bari. « Impaired Early Neurologic Outcome in Newborn Piglets Reoxygenated with 100% Oxygen Compared with Room Air after Pneumothorax-Induced Asphyxia ». Pediatric Research 49, n^o 6 (juin 2001) : 812–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-200106000-00017.

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Chitkara, R., et L. Halamek. « Circulatory Recovery Is as Fast With Air Ventilation as With 100% Oxygen After Asphyxia-Induced Cardiac Arrest in Piglets ». Yearbook of Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine 2010 (janvier 2010) : 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s8756-5005(10)79179-4.

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Linner, Rickard, Olof Werner, Valeria Perez-de-Sa et Doris Cunha-Goncalves. « Circulatory Recovery Is as Fast With Air Ventilation as With 100% Oxygen After Asphyxia-Induced Cardiac Arrest in Piglets ». Pediatric Research 66, n^o 4 (octobre 2009) : 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/pdr.0b013e3181b3b110.

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Ketema, Daniel Bekele, Fantu Mamo Aragaw, Fasil Wagnew, Misganaw Mekonnen, Abeba Mengist, Alehegn Aderaw Alamneh, Yihalem Abebe Belay et al. « Birth asphyxia related mortality in Northwest Ethiopia : A multi-centre cohort study ». PLOS ONE 18, n^o 2 (24 février 2023) : e0281656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281656.

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Background Birth asphyxia is the second leading cause of neonatal death in Ethiopia, next to preterm-associated infections. Understanding the causes of death in asphyxiated newborns will help to design appropriate care. This study identifies predictors of neonatal mortality in asphyxiated newborns in selected hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based prospective cohort study of 480 newborns with birth asphyxia was conducted at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Shegaw Motta District Hospital, and Injibara General Hospital. All newborns with asphyxia admitted to the neonatal critical care unit from the first of November 2018 to the first of November 2019 were included. Data were obtained prospectively from mothers using an interviewer’s administered questionnaire. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to estimate survival time, and Log rank test was used to compare the survival curves. Bivariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to identify the independent predictors of mortality in asphyxiated newborns. Adjusted hazard Ratios (AHRs) with 95% Cis (Confidence Intervals) were used to measure the strength of association and test statistical significance. Results The overall cumulative incidence of mortality among asphyxiated newborns was 42.29% (95% CI: 38%, 46). Asphyxiated neonates with other comorbidities (sepsis, neonatal anemia) (AHR = 2.63, 95% CI:1.69, 4.10), oxygen saturation of 50–69 (AHR = 4.62, 95% CI:2.55, 8.37), oxygen saturation of 70–89 (AHR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.80, 4.42), severe Apgar score at one minute (AHR = 1.59, 95% CI:1.12, 2.25), neonates with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) (AHR = 6.12, 95% CI:2.23, 16.75) were at higher risk of mortality. Conclusions The mortality rate among asphyxiated neonates remains high, and slightly higher than previous studies. Asphyxiated newborns with other comorbidities, severe Apgar score at one minute, who develop HIE, and low oxygen saturation were at higher risk of death. Therefore, designing appropriate interventions and prevention methods should be considered for identified variables.

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Markovic-Sovtic, Gordana, Tatjana Nikolic, Aleksandar Sovtic, Jelena Martic et Zorica Rakonjac. « Pulmonary air leak syndrome in term and late preterm neonates ». Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 147, n^o 9-10 (2019) : 578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh180411081m.

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Introduction/Objective. Air leak syndrome is more frequent in neonatal period than at any other period of life. Its timely recognition and treatment is a medical emergency. We present results of a tertiary medical center in treatment of air leak syndrome in term and late preterm neonates. Methods. Neonates born between 34th 0/7 and 41st 6/7 gestational weeks (g.w.) who were treated for air leak syndrome in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Mother and Child Health Care Institute, from 2005 to 2015 were included in the study. Antropometric data, perinatal history, type of respiratory support prior to admission, chest radiography, type of pulmonary air leak syndrome and its management, underlying etiology, and final outcome were analyzed. Results. Eighty-seven neonates of an average gestational age 38.1 ? 1.9 g.w. were included in the study. The average birth weight was 3182.5 ? 55.5 g. Fourty-seven (54%) were born by cesarean section and 40 (46%) were born by vaginal delivery. Prior to admission, 62.1% received supplemental oxygen, 4.6% were on nasal continuous positive airway pressure, and 21.8% were on conventional mechanical ventilation. Type of delivery did not significantly affect the appearance of pneumothorax, nor did the type of respiratory support received prior to admission (p > 0.05). The majority (93.1%) had pneumothorax, which was unilateral in 79%. The length of mechanical ventilation significantly affected the appearance of pneumothorax (p = 0.015). Low Apgar score in the first minute and the presence of pneumopericardium were significant factors predisposing for an unfavorable outcome. Conclusion. Improving mechanical ventilation strategies and decreasing the rate of perinatal asphyxia in term and late preterm neonates could diminish the incidence of pulmonary air leak syndrome in this age group.

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Barragán-Méndez, Cristina, Fini Sánchez-García, Ignacio Sobrino, Juan Mancera et Ignacio Ruiz-Jarabo. « Air Exposure in Catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula) Modify Muscle Texture Properties : A Pilot Study ». Fishes 3, n^o 3 (4 septembre 2018) : 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes3030034.

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Sharks are captured by tons for human consumption. Improving the quality of their meat will produce fillets that may have a higher economic value in the market, and thus be beneficial for the management of this fishery. In other animal species destined for human consumption, a negative relationship between pre-slaughtering stress and meat quality has been demonstrated. By studying the commercial small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula), this work aimed at linking pre-slaughter handling of captured sharks and muscle fillets quality. An experimental group of adult and subadult living catsharks captured by hand and exposed to air (for 18 min, which is the minimum time this species is exposed to air in the fishing deck during fisheries procedures), and an undisturbed group, were evaluated. After air exposure, catsharks returned to water for recovery. Muscle lactate and water content were quantified after acute exposure (for 18 min), 5 h and 24 h. This challenge elicited stress responses in the muscle such as increased lactate levels and immediate dehydration, followed by recovery of lactate levels and overhydration. Muscle consistency, a relevant variable describing quality of seafood according to its ability to be swallowed by the consumer, paralleled muscle water content changes. The results indicated for the first time that handling alive sharks exposed to air results in muscle fillets with different texture properties. Whether these changes in muscle texture induce higher quality fillets has yet to be proven. Our recommendation is to minimize time of air exposure experienced by sharks when captured, including fast slaughtering instead of leaving them to die by asphyxia, as current on-board procedures.

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Castle, Valerie, Geoffrey Coates, Lesley G. Mitchell, Hugh O’Brodovich et Maureen Andrew. « The Effect of Hypoxia on Platelet Survival and Site of Sequestration in the Newborn Rabbit ». Thrombosis and Haemostasis 59, n^o 01 (1988) : 045–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642563.

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SummaryThrombocytopenia occurs frequently in sick neonates that have experienced perinatal asphyxia. This study investigated the effect of one component of asphyxia, hypoxia, on platelet life-span and site of sequestration. 11 indium oxine platelet survivals with scintigraphic imaging were performed in newborn and adult rabbits exposed to room air (normoxia) or following exposure to a 15 minute, severe hypoxic insult (FjOa = 0.05). Platelet survivals in normoxic adults (n = 27) and newborn rabbits (n = 11) were similar (60 ± 3.9 hr vs 64 ± 8.0 hr, m ± SEM). Inhalation of 5% oxygen for 15 minutes was not associated with an acidemia and did not produce thrombocytopenia but significantly shortened the platelet survival to 34 ± 3 hr in the adult (n = 18) and 38 ± 3 hr in the newborn rabbit (n = 7). Postmortem measurement of the sites of mIn-platelet accumulation showed that under normoxic conditions the platelets accumulated in the liver and spleen (23 ±4.3% and 8 ± 1.0% of the total body counts) in the adult with even greater accumulation in the liver (58 ± 6.8%) and spleen (19 ± 4.9%) of the newborn (p <0.001). The latter observation was likely due to the relatively increased size of the liver and spleen in the newborn compared to the adult. Hypoxia did not alter the site of platelet sequestration in adults or newborns. Our results suggest that the newborn has the same platelet survival as the adult and that acute, severe hypoxia significantly shortens the survival of platelets in both groups. Although the sites of sequestration are qualitatively the same in the newborn, there is greater sequestration in the liver and spleen when compared to the adult.

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Perepelitsa, S. A. « Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Preterm Newborns (Morphological Study) ». General Reanimatology 16, n^o 1 (2 mars 2020) : 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15360/1813-9779-2020-1-35-44.

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The aim of the study is to provide a rationale for the morphological diagnostic criteria of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and acute respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn (ARDSN) in extremely preterm newborn infants.Materials and methods. Autopsy protocols of 31 newborns were studied. The average gestational age of children was 28.9±5.3 weeks, body weight at birth was 1404±945 grams. Fifty eight percent of newborns in the sample had extremely low body weight (ELBW). At birth, all newborns were found to have severe asphyxia, and the median score on the Apgar scale at the 1st minute of life was 3 [2; 5] points. In all cases there was an unfavorable course of the disease. The median life span was 72 [22; 181] hours.The results of the study. The study revealed two variants of hyaline membrane formation in preterm newborns with acute respiratory failure. Hyaline membranes in the lungs were found in 93.5% of newborns, in 51.6% of cases there was ARDSN due to the primary surfactant deﬁciency, in 41.9% of children ARDS was due to immature lung being exposed to various direct and indirect damaging factors. In all cases a distinct morphological pattern in newborns with the hyaline membranes was identiﬁed: immaturity and antenatal damage to air-blood barrier, pneumonia, microaspiration, ischemia of the lungs.Conclusion. Acute respiratory distress syndrome is typical for 41.9% of extremely preterm infants, its development is favored by exposure of immature lungs to direct (congenital pneumonia, amniotic ﬂuid aspiration) and indirect (severe perinatal hypoxia with ischemia, shock, hemorrhagic syndrome) damaging factors. Morphological signs of ARDS were most often found in newborns with congenital pneumonia, asphyxia, neonatal aspiration of amniotic ﬂuid.

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Li, Cheng Wu, Wei Yang, Bei Jing Xie, Xu Cao et Guo Dong Mei. « Numerical Simulation on Hazardous Area Distribution after Gas Outburst in Coal Uncovering Construction of Hydropower Station ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 212-213 (octobre 2012) : 989–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.212-213.989.

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The dynamic risk of underground cavities after gas outburst in coal uncovering construction of hydropower station was emphatically analyzed. The tunnel construction conditions in Xiangjiaba hydropower station were taken as an example. Based on the computational fluid dynamics theory and gas outburst theory, this paper used the ANSYS CFX CFD code to model the gas diffusion after gas outburst. The space-time characteristics of underground cavities dynamic risk were analyzed. The results show that the danger area ranges of gas explosion and asphyxia reach respectively the maximum value at about 140s and 50s. The influence range and duration of the former are significantly higher than the latter. The direction of hazardous area movement is mainly consistent with the air flow direction. ANSYS CFX simulation can visually display dynamic risk of underground cavities, and has a good prospect in gas hazard prevention in hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering.

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Vega, Jose L. « Edmund Goodwyn and the first description of diving bradycardia ». Journal of Applied Physiology 123, n^o 2 (1 août 2017) : 275–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00221.2017.

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Diving bradycardia is a primordial oxygen-conserving reflex by which the heart rate of air-breathing vertebrates, including humans, slows down in response to water immersion. Its discovery is attributed to Paul Bert, whose seminal observation was published in 1870 as part of a series of experiments that examined physiological adaptations to asphyxia in ducks and other animals. However, Edmund Goodwyn, a British physician who studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, had already described this reflex in his doctoral thesis, which was originally published in Latin in 1786 and again in English in 1788. Ironically, even though Goodwyn's work has yet to be recognized in the diving physiology literature, it was referenced in the very publication that contains Bert's original observation. Thus this article brings Goodwyn’s work and its historical context to light and argues that he should be credited with the first description of diving bradycardia.

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Bari, Md Rafiqul, TC Das, Anwar Hussain, Md Mazharul Islam et Abul Kalam Mohommad Yousuf. « Hanging case of an Adult Male : A Case Report ». Journal of Dhaka National Medical College & ; Hospital 18, n^o 1 (19 octobre 2012) : 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdnmch.v18i1.12244.

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In case of hanging the process of respiration i.e. the exchange of air between the atmosphere and the alveoli of lungs is prevented by ligature in neck, leading to asphyxia and death. Hanging may be complete/incomplete (partial) where the constricting forces are the body weight or even only the weight of the head. In complete hanging whole body is suspended, no part of the body touches the ground. Complete hanging is suicidal in nature unless otherwise proved. In partial hanging any part of the body touches the ground. Partial hanging is suicidal (100%) in nature & there is no 2nd thought. Generally Medical and non-medical personals think that complete hanging may be suicidal, but partial hanging is definitely homicidal in nature which is not the actual fact. Hanging with signs of torture in various parts of body goes in favour of (provoked) suicidal nature. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdnmch.v18i1.12244 J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2012; 18 (01): 63-64

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Chaudhary, Rinkal, et Vinod Dhingra. « Forensic significance in the cases of drowning deaths : An elaborative study ». IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences 6, n^o 4 (15 janvier 2022) : 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfmts.2021.026.

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Drowning is a form of asphyxia which is caused by submersion/immersion of the body in water or any other fluid that occurs due to the aspiration of fluid into air passages and is mostly accidental. The main question arises in the case of a body recovered from water is whether the individual was alive at the time he entered water. If a body is found in water is does not necessarily mean, that this person has drowned. The bodily external and internal findings are necessary in medicolegal investigation of drowning deaths. Drowning is difficult to determine and are often diagnosed by eliminating other potential causes of death whereas diatom test is significant for the concluding analysis of drowning deaths. Diatoms found inside the body may serve as corroborative evidence in the diagnosis of the cause of drowning death. It can be ascertained whether the drowning is ante-mortem or post-mortem. The diatom test considered as the only tool to examine drowning cases. The present study highlights some specific points to drag conclusive results in the investigation of deaths due to drowning.

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Samuel, Julian, et Zhanna Georgievskaya. « Death in a Carbon Dioxide Therapy Bath : A Case Report and Review of the Literature ». Academic Forensic Pathology 9, n^o 1-2 (mars 2019) : 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1925362119851241.

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Carbon dioxide (CO2) therapy is the subcutaneous or transcutaneous administration of CO2 for therapeutic purposes. Carbon dioxide therapy is used for localized lipolysis, to treat chronic skin conditions, and is a safe treatment. Full-body CO2 baths are offered in European spa centers, in which the clients are placed into full body bags infused with CO2 at an optimal concentration range between 1000 and 1400 mg/L (516 000-722 500 ppm). Commercially manufactured, air-tight bags and accompanying apparatus designed to provide CO2 baths can be purchased for home use. Few human CO2-related deaths have been reported. They have been mostly accidental, consisting of persons trapped in a closed environment in the presence of “dry ice” or solid CO2. There have been no reported deaths of a human undergoing a CO2 therapy at home. We present a case of a middle-aged male found at home completely inside an air-sealed bag wrapped tightly around his body. The bag was connected to a working pump and a CO2 gas tank. The pump was connected through an inflow and outflow circuit to the bag. The inflow tubing for CO2 gas delivery was partially disrupted, while the outflow tubing was intact. The autopsy and toxicology were unremarkable. The cause of death was determined to be asphyxia by vitiated atmosphere as evident by the displacement of oxygen by CO2 and low pressure created inside a “CO2 therapy bath.” The manner of death was accidental.

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Yakushevich, Irina V. « Linguosensorics of Death Symbols in Marina Tsvetaeva’s “Poem of Air” : to the 130-th Poetess’s Anniversary ». RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 13, n^o 2 (14 juillet 2022) : 262–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2022-13-2-262-279.

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The article analyzes the linguistic organization of the two main symbolic situations of the poem - “crossing the celestial sea”, “overcoming the other three celestial spheres and reaching the firmament”. The study was conducted in line with one of the newest branches of linguistics - linvosensory, which studies the verbalization of interoceptive (internal) and proprioceptive (coordination and position in space) sensations. The main method of research is to consider the signifying symbol, its figurative component, as the result of not only external, but also internal perception, considered in the dynamics of sequential (plot) development. The impulse was a draft writing of the poetess about the “disembodication” of the lyrical heroine. The aim of the study is to determine how the linguistic means of the poem convey the internal physiological sensations of death through the images of extraperception. As a result, it was found that the signifier of the symbolic situation “crossing the celestial sea” visualizes such inner feelings as overcoming gravity, coordination of vertical flight, the density of the environment. The signifier is analyzed as part of the lexical paradigm of both individual lexemes and phrases, and sentences united by a common seme ‘water’. Among the linguistic means that formalize the image of the vertical sea, there are metaphors, comparisons, mythologems, semanticized roots -liv-i-lei-, -swim-and-splash-. The signifier of the symbolic situation “overcoming 3, 5 air and firmament” calls only the odd “heaven”. They symbolize the last three breaths of the dying heroine. Archisemes are ‘cut’ (“third air”), ‘sound’ (“fifth air”) and ‘attraction upward’ (“firmament”). All internal sensations are correlated with the five stages of asphyxia. Of particular importance for the objectification of conclusions are biographical information about the time of writing the poem.

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Scalise, Carmen, Fabrizio Cordasco, Matteo Antonio Sacco, Valerio Riccardo Aquila, Pietrantonio Ricci et Isabella Aquila. « Hospital Restraints : Safe or Dangerous ? A Case of Hospital Death Due to Asphyxia from the Use of Mechanical Restraints ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n^o 14 (10 juillet 2022) : 8432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148432.

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Asphyxia can be defined as an impediment to the influx of air into the respiratory tract, leading to tissue hypoxia. By restraint, we mean the use of physical, pharmacological and/or environmental means to limit the subject’s ability to move. Fall prevention is the main reason restraint is used. Unfortunately, restraint can sometimes be fatal. There are few studies in the literature on this subject. We report the case of a man with Down syndrome in a psychiatric clinic found dead between the bed and the floor of the room where he was hospitalized. The analysis of the scene showed the presence of a means of a restraint, located around the man’s chest and neck, which kept him tied to the bed and applied a constricting mechanical action. There was doubt as to the cause of death. For this reason, an inspection of the scene and an autopsy were carried out. Upon opening the chest, blood infiltration of the left intercostal muscles that was topographically compatible with external cutaneous excoriation (sign of restraint) became evident. In view of the danger of using restraint, it is necessary to evaluate the means of restraint as an extraordinary and not an ordinary procedure in patient management. Each patient undergoing restraint measures must be carefully monitored by specialized personnel. Greater surveillance of the nurse/patient ratio is necessary to reduce the use of restraints. In this case report, we highlight the lack of surveillance of patients subjected to restraint.

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Chanie, Ermias Sisay, Destaw Engedaw, Tahir Eyayu, Fitalew Tadele Admasu, Eninur Dejen Amera, Kefyalew Amogne Azanaw, Amare Kassaw et al. « Escalating the limit of median survival time and predictors of mortality among preterm neonates in Northwest Ethiopia, 2021 : a 1-year prospective follow-up study ». BMJ Open 12, n^o 12 (décembre 2022) : e061385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061385.

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ObjectivesTo examine the survival rate and predictors of mortality among preterm neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit at South Gondar public hospitals, 2021.DesignProspective follow-up study.SettingSouth Gondar public hospitals, Northwest, Ethiopia.ParticipantsWe recruited 283 preterm neonates who were admitted at neonatal intensive care unit at selected hospitals from 15 February 2020 to 22 January 2021.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure of this study was the survival rate of preterm neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit. Moreover, the study assessed the predictors for the occurrence of mortality by the Cox-proportional hazard model. Data were entered into Epi data V.4.2 and exported to Stata V.14 statistical software for analysis. The log-rank test determines the survival difference between predictor variables.ResultsA total of 283 preterm neonates, 61 died during the follow-up. Born from antepartum haemorrhage mother (adjusted HR (AHR)=2.2 (95% CI 1.10 to 4.37)), being small weight for gestational age (AHR=4.6 (95% CI 2.22 to 9.53)), not having kangaroo mother care practice initiated (AHR=2.7 (95% CI 1.39 to 7.74)), hypothermia (AHR=4.0 (95% CI 1.96 to 8.30)) and perinatal asphyxia (AHR=3.9 (95% CI 1.97 to 7.94)) were significant predictors of preterm neonate mortality.ConclusionIn this study, the preterm neonates survival rate (78.4%) and the median survival time (21 days) were found to be low. Preventing and managing the predictors, including an antepartum haemorrhagic mother, small weight for gestational age, hypothermia and prenatal asphyxia, is crucial. In addition, more emphasis should be placed on initiating universal kangaroo mother care practice soon after birth to increase the survival of preterm neonates.

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Roland, Elke H., et Alan Hill. « How important is perinatal asphyxia in the causation of brain injury ? » Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews 3, n^o 1 (1997) : 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2779(1997)3:1<22 ::aid-mrdd4>3.0.co;2-z.

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Savelyeva, Savelyeva G. М., Shalina R. I. Shalina, Аnаnkina А. А. Аnаnkina, Kunyakh Zh Yu Kunyakh, Sichinava L. G. Sichinava, Sokolovskaya Yu V. Sokolovskaya et Spiridonov D. S. Spiridonov. « Controlled hypothermia in complex therapy for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in infants with birth asphyxia ». Akusherstvo i ginekologiia 5_2020 (29 mai 2020) : 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18565/aig.2020.5.90-97.

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Chai, Jiamei. « Investigation of Spontaneous Combustion Zones and Index Gas Prediction System in Goaf of “Isolated Island” Working Face ». Fire 5, n^o 3 (14 mai 2022) : 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire5030067.

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Studies show that accurate division of spontaneous combustion (SC) zones in the goaf and the determination of the prediction system of the SC index are of great significance to prevent spontaneous and unwanted combustions in the goaf. Aiming at resolving the problem of coal SC in the goaf of an “isolated-island” fully mechanized caving face, a multiphysics model coupled with gas flow field and gas concentration field was established in the present study. Taking the 8824 working face of Nanzhuang coal mine as the research object and the oxygen concentration as the division index, coal SC was simulated in the goaf. The obtained results show that the ranges of heat dissipation zone, oxidation zone, and the asphyxia zone on the air inlet side are around 0–107 m, 107–239 m, and beyond 239 m, respectively. Moreover, the ranges of the three zones on the return air side are 0–13 m, 13–189 m, and beyond 189 m, respectively. The ranges of the three zones in the middle of goaf are 0–52 m, 52–213 m, and beyond 213 m, respectively. The performed analyses demonstrate that the obtained simulation results are consistent with the experimental data. Meanwhile, the coal programmed temperature rise experiment was carried out to improve the prediction index gas system of SC. It was found that CO and C2H4 can be used as early warning indices of SC in the goaf, while C2H6, C3H8, and C2H4/C2H6 are auxiliary indices to master the coal SC.

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Ogunfowora, Olusoga, Tinuade Ogunlesi, Victor Ayeni et Tessie Shorunmu. « Neonatal macrosomia and associated morbidities in Sagamu, Nigeria ». Annals of Health Research 5, n^o 1 (1 juin 2019) : 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30442/ahr.0501-3-33.

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Background: The incidence of neonatal macrosomia is on the increase in many parts of the world. The impact of the condition on baby and child health has not received adequate research attention. Objective: To determine the prevalence, baby and maternal characteristics, the pattern of neonatal morbidity and perinatal outcome of macrosomia. Methods: A retrospective study of all singleton deliveries with birth weight ≥ 4.0 kg was conducted at a tertiary facility in the south-western part of Nigeria between January 2013 and December 2014. Results: Eighty-eight newborn babies were macrosomic out of 1854 deliveries, resulting in a prevalence rate of 4.7%. The male-to-female ratio was 1: 0.54, while the mean (±SD) birth weight was 4.23 ± 0.29 kg. There was no significant difference in the mean birth weights of the male and female babies (t = 1.24, p = 0.218). The mean maternal age was 31.7 ± 5.1 years. Multiparous mothers had the highest proportion of macrosomic babies, while a majority of mothers (77.3%) were either overweight or obese. One-minute Apgar score <7 was observed among 28 (31.8%) babies. Twenty-three (26.1%) babies were hospitalized for further management. Birth asphyxia, hypoglycaemia and hyperbilirubinaemia were the leading morbidities. The perinatal mortality rate for macrosomic babies was 102.2 per 1000 total births. Conclusion: The incidence of neonatal macrosomia is relatively low in our study population but falls within the range of prevalence rates reported from other parts of the country. Birth asphyxia, hypoglycaemia and hyperbilirubinemia are common morbidities among affected babies.

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Budalova, Anastasia V., Natalia V. Kharlamova et Galina N. Kuzmenko. « Morphofunctional features of platelets in premature newborns with very low and extremely low body weight ». Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 12, n^o 2 (11 août 2021) : 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped12235-41.

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Background. Currently, the development of medicine in the field of perinatology is aimed at improving the quality of medical care for newborns, especially those born prematurely. Premature newborns are most likely to develop hemorrhagic disorders, which often aggravates their condition and determines high morbidity and mortality. On modern hematological analyzers, it has become possible to evaluate a larger number of blood parameters, including platelet parameters, however, there are a small number of studies devoted to the study of platelet parameters in premature newborns. The aim was to study the morphofunctional features of platelets in premature newborns with very low and extremely low body weight. Materials and methods. The study included 78 newborns born at 2534 weeks of gestation, with a body weight of less than 1500 grams. On the 3rd5th day of life, a clinical blood test was performed on the Advia 2120i hematological analyzer (Siemens), with the determination of platelet parameters: PLT, 103 cells/l, PCT, %, PDW, %, Large Plt, 103 cells/l, MPC, g/dl, MRM, pg. Results. In newborns with ELBW, a decrease in the number and granularity of platelets in the blood, an increase in the average dry mass of platelets was found. Newborns with intrauterine growth retardation have a reduced platelet count and reduced thrombocrit. In premature newborns with a gestational age of 2527 weeks, blood circulation of platelets with a reduced volume was established, and in newborns who were born at a gestational age of 3234 weeks with increased granularity. In the absence of antenatal prevention of respiratory distress syndrome in newborns, there is a decrease in thrombocrit, the number of platelets, including large forms in the blood. In premature newborns born in a state of severe asphyxia, a decrease in platelet granularity was noted. The use of high concentrations of O2 in the oxygen-air mixture during respiratory therapy leads to a decrease in the number of platelets in the blood. Conclusions. Factors determining the morphofunctional state of platelets in premature newborns were established: the presence of a full course of antenatal prevention of respiratory distress syndrome of newborns, gestational age, the severity of asphyxia at birth, as well as the concentration of O2 in the oxygen-air mixture used in respiratory therapy. Newborns with ELBW have a reduced platelet count, low-granulated platelets, and an increased average dry platelet mass. Newborns with intrauterine growth retardation have a reduced number of platelets and thrombocrit in the blood. The revealed morphofunctional features of platelets allow us to clarify the nature of changes in the platelet link of hemostasis in premature newborns for the timely prevention of complications during the underlying disease.

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Chen, Lanzhen. « Simulation Research on a New Spot-First-Aid of Foreign Body Asphyxia in the Hypopharynx ». International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering 11, n^o 6 (30 juin 2016) : 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijmue.2016.11.6.08.

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Kebede, Daniel Adimasu, Yilikal Tafere, Tewodros Eshete, Ermias Abebaw, Mekonen Adimasu et Bekalu Endalew. « The time to initiate trophic feeding and its predictors among preterm neonate admitted to neonatal intensive care unit, Multicenter study, Northwest Ethiopia ». PLOS ONE 17, n^o 8 (11 août 2022) : e0272571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272571.

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Background Trophic feeding is a small volume, hypo-caloric feeding, gut priming or minimal enteral feeding acclimate the immature gut of enteral fasting preterm neonates. Delayed starting of trophic feeding had resulted in short and long-term physical and neurological sequels. The current study aimed to estimate the time to initiate trophic feeding and its predictors among preterm neonates admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit of Debre Markos, Felege Hiwot, and Tibebe Ghion comprehensive specialized hospitals. Methods An institutional-based prospective follow-up study was conducted among 210 neonates. The data were collected with interview and chart review, entered into Epi data 3.1 and exported to Stata 14.1 for analysis. Multivariable Cox regression models were fitted to identify predictors of time to initiate trophic feeding. Result A total of 210 neonates were followed for 10136 person-hours of risk time and 191 (90.95%) of neonates were started trophic feeding. The overall incidence of starting trophic feeding was 2 per 100 (95% CI: 2, 2.2) person-hours observations. The median survival time was 42 hours (95% CI: 36, 48). APGAR- score at first minute <7 (AHR: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.82), gestational age of <34 weeks (AHR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.5, 0.94), presence of respiratory distress syndrome (AHR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.68), presence of hemodynamic instability (AHR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.57), presence of perinatal asphyxia (AHR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.89), cesarean section delivery (AHR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.44, 89) and being delivered within the study hospitals (AHR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.74) were found to be statistically significant predictors of time to initiate trophic feeding. Conclusion There was a significant delay to initiate trophic feeding in the studied hospitals. Gestational age of below 34 weeks, APGAR-score of less than seven, out-born delivery, cesarean delivery, presence of respiratory distress syndrome; perinatal asphyxia, and hemodynamic instability were predictors of delay in starting of trophic feeding. Standardized feeding guideline has to be implemented to overcome delays in enteral feeding initiation.

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Fiona Widyasari, Fani Paulina, Ahmad Hifni, Abla Ghanie et Erial Bahar. « Risk Factors for Congenital Deafness in Pediatric Patients Who Underwent Otoaccoustic Emission (OAE) and Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) Examinations in General Hospital Mohammad Hoesin Palembang, Indonesia ». Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research 5, n^o 3 (3 mai 2021) : 752–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32539/bsm.v5i3.341.

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Introduction: Congenital deafness is a hearing loss that occurs at birth. Congenital deafness in neonates can be caused by risk factors during pregnancy and during the birth process. The tests carried out for hearing screening for neonates in hospital up to 1 month old are Otoaccoustic Emission (OAE) and Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) examinations. Objective: Determining the relationship between family history of deafness, syndromes associated with sensorineural hearing loss, TORCH infection and prenatal syphilis, use of ototoxic drugs during pregnancy, prematurity, low birth weight, asphyxia, and hyperbilirubinemia with the incidence of congenital deafness in children Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted based on medical record datas from children who underwent OAE and ABR examinations at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang hospital from January 2019 to February 2021. Results: From the 349 children, 180 (51.6%) had bilateral OAE and ABR pass results, 161 (46.1%) had bilateral referrals and 8 (2.3%) children received unilateral refer results. From 122 children with risk factors, 38 (31.1%) children with bilateral passes, 81 (66.4%) children with bilateral referrals and 3 (2.5 %) children with unilateral refer. From 227 children without risk factors, 142 (62.6 %) children with a bilateral pass, 80 (35.2 %) children with bilateral referrals and 5 (2.2%) children with unilateral refer. The most common risk factor was LBW of 41 (11.7%) children. Chi square test and logistic regression analysis results showed a significant relationship between ototoxic drugs during pregnancy and congenital deafness (p = 0.001) with referral results, the value of Odd Ratio (OR) 9.651. Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between risk factors for ototoxic drugs during pregnancy, TORCH and syphilis infection during pregnancy, asphyxia, congenital syndrome, LBWand hyperbilirubinemia with congenital deafness.

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Fiona Widyasari, Fani Paulina, Ahmad Hifni, Abla Ghanie et Erial Bahar. « Risk Factors for Congenital Deafness in Pediatric Patients Who Underwent Otoaccoustic Emission (OAE) and Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) Examinations in General Hospital Mohammad Hoesin Palembang, Indonesia ». Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research 5, n^o 8 (3 mai 2021) : 746–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32539/bsm.v5i8.341.

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Introduction: Congenital deafness is a hearing loss that occurs at birth. Congenital deafness in neonates can be caused by risk factors during pregnancy and during the birth process. The tests carried out for hearing screening for neonates in hospital up to 1 month old are Otoaccoustic Emission (OAE) and Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) examinations. Objective: Determining the relationship between family history of deafness, syndromes associated with sensorineural hearing loss, TORCH infection and prenatal syphilis, use of ototoxic drugs during pregnancy, prematurity, low birth weight, asphyxia, and hyperbilirubinemia with the incidence of congenital deafness in children Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted based on medical record datas from children who underwent OAE and ABR examinations at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang hospital from January 2019 to February 2021. Results: From the 349 children, 180 (51.6%) had bilateral OAE and ABR pass results, 161 (46.1%) had bilateral referrals and 8 (2.3%) children received unilateral refer results. From 122 children with risk factors, 38 (31.1%) children with bilateral passes, 81 (66.4%) children with bilateral referrals and 3 (2.5 %) children with unilateral refer. From 227 children without risk factors, 142 (62.6 %) children with a bilateral pass, 80 (35.2 %) children with bilateral referrals and 5 (2.2%) children with unilateral refer. The most common risk factor was LBW of 41 (11.7%) children. Chi square test and logistic regression analysis results showed a significant relationship between ototoxic drugs during pregnancy and congenital deafness (p = 0.001) with referral results, the value of Odd Ratio (OR) 9.651. Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between risk factors for ototoxic drugs during pregnancy, TORCH and syphilis infection during pregnancy, asphyxia, congenital syndrome, LBWand hyperbilirubinemia with congenital deafness.

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Giles, Brenda-Louise, Hagir Suliman, Lisa B. Mamo, Claude A. Piantadosi, Tim D. Oury et Eva Nozik-Grayck. « Prenatal hypoxia decreases lung extracellular superoxide dismutase expression and activity ». American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 283, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2002) : L549—L554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00018.2002.

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Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), which scavenges extracellular superoxide (O[Formula: see text]·), is highly regulated in the developing lung. In the prenatal rabbit, EC-SOD is predominantly intracellular and inactive, and postnatally, active EC-SOD is secreted. We hypothesized that prenatal hypoxia would delay the normal postnatal secretion of active EC-SOD in the lung. Pregnant New Zealand White rabbits were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (15,000 ft × 36 h) to alter fetal O2tension or were maintained in room air. Lungs were harvested from preterm (28 days), term (30 ± 1 day), and 1-wk-old kits. After prenatal hypobaric hypoxia, EC-SOD mRNA expression was significantly decreased in lungs of full-term kits, whereas EC-SOD protein decreased at all ages. Immunohistochemical staining for EC-SOD showed that hypoxia delayed secretion of the isoenzyme in the airways and pulmonary vasculature. Furthermore, pulmonary EC-SOD enzyme activity was significantly decreased in the 1-wk-old kits exposed to prenatal hypoxia. We conclude that prenatal hypoxia downregulates EC-SOD expression at both the transcriptional and posttranslational levels. Furthermore, prenatal hypoxia delays secretion of active EC-SOD enzyme. These findings have important implications for the effects of prenatal asphyxia on postnatal response to oxidant stress.

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Fletcher, E. C., G. Bao et C. C. Miller. « Effect of recurrent episodic hypocapnic, eucapnic, and hypercapnic hypoxia on systemic blood pressure ». Journal of Applied Physiology 78, n^o 4 (1 avril 1995) : 1516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.78.4.1516.

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We have described a rat model that responds to chronic (8 h/day, 35 days) repetitive nonapneic episodic (cycled every 30 s) hypocapnic hypoxia with sustained increase in systemic blood pressure. Because the usual blood gas change of apnea is mildly increased CO2, we hypothesized that episodic hypoxia ranging from eucapnea to hypercapnia might cause a greater chronic increase in blood pressure than hypocapnic hypoxia in this model. Five groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied: unhandled group received no treatment, sham group received compressed air in their chambers, hypocapnic hypoxic group received episodic hypoxia for 35 days, eucapnic hypoxic group received the same level of hypoxia but with 7–10% inspired fraction of CO2, and hybercarbic hypoxic group received hypoxia with 11–14% inspired fraction of CO2. Mean arterial blood pressure was measured in unrestrained conscious animals at baseline and after 35 days under their respective study conditions. Neither episodic eucapnic nor hypercarbic hypoxia had any additional effect on the changes in chronic diurnal blood pressure compared with hypocapnic hypoxia. These results suggest that the sympathetic nervous system or other neurohumoral systems contributing to chronic diurnal blood pressure elevation may be maximally stimulated by hypoxia or there may be some protective mechanism limiting the blood pressure response to asphyxia in this rat model.

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Niatsetskaya, Zoya V., Pradeep Charlagorla, Dzmitry A. Matsukevich, Sergey A. Sosunov, Korapat Mayurasakorn, Veniamin I. Ratner, Richard A. Polin, Anatoly A. Starkov et Vadim S. Ten. « Mild Hypoxemia during Initial Reperfusion Alleviates the Severity of Secondary Energy Failure and Protects Brain in Neonatal Mice with Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury ». Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & ; Metabolism 32, n^o 2 (23 novembre 2011) : 232–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2011.164.

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Reperfusion triggers an oxidative stress. We hypothesized that mild hypoxemia in reperfusion attenuates oxidative brain injury following hypoxia-ischemia (HI). In neonatal HI-mice, the reperfusion was initiated by reoxygenation with room air (RA) followed by the exposure to 100%, 21%, 18%, 15% oxygen for 60 minutes. Systemic oxygen saturation (SaO2), cerebral blood flow (CBF), brain mitochondrial respiration and permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, markers of oxidative injury, and cerebral infarcts were assessed. Compared with RA-littermates, HI-mice exposed to 18% oxygen exhibited significantly decreased infarct volume, oxidative injury in the brain mitochondria and tissue. This was coupled with improved mitochondrial tolerance to mPTP opening. Oxygen saturation maintained during reperfusion at 85% to 95% was associated ( r=0.57) with the best neurologic outcome. Exposure to 100% or 15% oxygen significantly exacerbated brain injury and oxidative stress. Compared with RA-mice, hyperoxia dramatically increased reperfusion CBF, but exposure to 15% oxygen significantly reduced CBF to values observed during the HI-insult. Mild hypoxemia during initial reperfusion alleviates the severity of HI-brain injury by limiting the reperfusion-driven oxidative stress to the mitochondria and mPTP opening. This suggests that at the initial stage of reperfusion, a slightly decreased systemic oxygenation (SaO2 85% to 95%) may be beneficial for infants with birth asphyxia.

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AZMANIS (Π.Ν. ΑΖΜΑΝΗΣ), P. N., M. E. KRAUTWALD-JUNGHANNS et V. SCHMIDT. « Suspected toxicity by biological waste and air sac nematode infestation in a free-living peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) ». Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 65, n^o 4 (27 décembre 2017) : 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15540.

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This case report describes an uncommon complex of mortality in a free living peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus). The bird was found rinsed with biologic waste and the integument was mildly inflamed. No respiratory signs were detected at first. In addition, no alterations were detected during. During orthopaedic, neurologic, ophthalmologic and radiographic examinations. Parasitological pharyngeal and faecal examination revealed Capillaria spp. and Serratospiculum spp. eggs. The therapeutic scheme included stress reduction, supportive therapy with fluids, antifungals, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic agents and nutritional management. Cleaning with dishwashing gel to remove the biological waste took place, but its removal was partial. Despite the intensive care, the patient developed respiratory distress and succumbed on the fifth day of hospitalization. Pathological examination revealed adult Serratospiculum tendo parasites in the air sacs and Capillaria spp. in the large intestine. Bacteriological and mycological cultures revealed significant growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from the skin, heart, lung, liver, kidney and intestine and a mild presence of Candida albicans in the large intestine. Their probable role was judged as secondary. Mild multifocal haemorrhages with heterophilic and lymphohistiocytic infiltrates, fibrin and rod‑like bacteria were detected in the skin histopathologically, confirming the clinical integument inflammation. Cause of death was asphyxia caused by oedema, haemorrhages and blood congestion of the lung. The contribution of S. tendo in the initial spill event and case evolution is discussed. This unusual case highlights the complexity of the wildlife cases, with which avian or small animal clinicians (consulting rehabilitation centres or falconers) might be confronted. Although the application of ancillary and advanced diagnostic tools, the in-depth knowledge of the species and the intensive monitoring are important, this might lead to an unrewarding outcome. Financial constraints in wildlife casualty cases urge the critical choice of diagnostic, therapeutic and post-mortem laboratory testing. Serratospiculum tendo should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute respiratory distress in free-living peregrine falcons, presented in rehabilitation centres or in private practise by falconers in Greece and Europe.

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