Bibliographies thématiques / Articolo 31

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Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 11 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Articolo 31"

Gleiss, Irma. « Il contenuto conservatore dell'antipsichiatria (1975) ». PSICOTERAPIA E SCIENZE UMANE, n^o 3 (septembre 2011) : 379–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pu2011-003005.

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Vengono criticate le posizioni dell'antipsichiatria cosě come sono state espresse negli anni 1960-70 soprattutto da Ronald Laing, David Cooper e Franco Basaglia, e viene evidenziata la loro natura conservatrice riguardo alla genesi e alla cura dei disturbi mentali. Vengono anche criticate la teoria delle etichette di Ullmann e Krasner e la teoria della devianza di Talcott Parsons, che in genere vengono considerate opposte alle posizioni dell'antipsichiatria ma che in realtŕ condividono la stessa concezione dell'uomo e della societŕ. (Questo articolo č uscito originariamente in tedesco a pp. 31-51 del n. 89/1975 della rivista Das Argument, e in italiano a pp. 6-15 del n. 3/1976 della rivista Psicoterapia e Scienze Umane).

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Rajala, Ulla. « The bronze and iron age finds from Il Pizzo (Nepi, Vt) : the results of the intensive survey in 2000 ». Papers of the British School at Rome 75 (novembre 2007) : 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246200003512.

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I RINVENIMENTI DELL'ETÀ DEL BRONZO E DEL FERRO DA IL PIZZO (NEPI, VT): I RISULTATI DELLA RICOGNIZIONE INTENSIVA DEL 2000Questo articolo presenta i rinvenimenti protostorici documentati durante la ricognizione in località Il Pizzo (Nepi, VT) nel marzo 2000, come parte della ricognizione di Nepi, all'interno del più ampio Tiber Valley Project. La ricognizione intensiva del sito ha previsto l'utilizzo di rilevamenti tradizionali, della ricognizione con stazione totale, della raccolta complessiva di superficie lungo un transetto longitudinale sul promontorio e della raccolta aggiuntiva sui pendii. Sono stati identificati 161 frammenti di ceramica protostorica; 31 dei quali possono essere datati precisamente. Molti di questi sono attribuibili al Bronzo Finale. Due frammenti sono indubbiamente del Bronzo Medio e sette o otto potrebbero essere datati all'età del ferro. Nessun reperto è attribuibile con certezza al Bronzo Recente. Il materiale dell'età del bronzo è compatibile dal punto di vista funzionale con le attività domestiche, mentre quello dell'età del ferro suggerisce una provenienza da un'area funeraria. I dati cronologici permettono di ipotizzare che l'area rappresenti il nucleo di un insediamento a continuità di vita dal Bronzo Medio a quello Finale, seguito da un possibile iato nel Bronzo Recente e ripresa di uso nell'età del ferro, probabilmente come un'area funeraria.

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Lauria, Antonio. « Regenerating villages in the inner areas through cultural and experiential tourism / Rigenerare i paesi delle aree interne attraverso il turismo culturale e di esperienza ». Valori e Valutazioni 30 (août 2022) : 101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.48264/vvsiev-20223007.

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This article discusses towns in the inner areas affected by depopulation. It starts with a broad introduction to illustrate the critical issues that threaten their very existence, but also their potential and hope, and the planning capabilities that sometimes characterise the communities that inhabit them. It then describes a methodology which outlines sustainable local development processes based on knowledge, safeguarding and enhancing the cultural heritage (tangible and intangible; natural and anthropic). The aim is to contribute ideas and substantial proposals to improve the quality of life of the inhabitants of villages in the inner areas, creating new work opportunities linked to cultural and experiential tourism, strengthening the local identity and social networks. This methodology was tested as part of a research project – The Diaspora as a Resource for the Knowledge, Preservation and Enhancement of the Lesser Known Cultural Sites in Albania – carried out from 1 May 2019 to 31 July 2020 by the Interdepartmental Research Unit Florence Accessibility Lab of the University of Florence on behalf of the International Organization for Migration- IOM (the United Nations agency for migration). Members of the Albanian diaspora in Italy (university students and young architects and researchers) were part of the working group of the research, which focused on five Albanian villages situated from the north to the south of the country. Questo articolo tratta dei paesi delle aree interne interessati dal fenomeno dello spopolamento. L’articolo si apre con un’ampia introduzione finalizzata ad illustrare le criticità che minacciano la loro stessa esistenza, ma anche le potenzialità e le speranze che esprimono e le progettualità che talvolta caratterizzano le comunità che li abitano. Successivamente è descritta una metodologia volta a delineare processi di sviluppo locale sostenibile basati sulla conoscenza, salvaguardia e valorizzazione del patrimonio culturale (tangibile e intangibile; naturale e an- tropico). L’obiettivo è quello di offrire un contributo di idee e di proposte concrete volto a migliorare la qualità della vita degli abitanti dei paesi delle aree interne, creando nuove opportunità di lavoro legate al turismo culturale e di esperienza, rafforzando l’identità locale e le reti sociali. Questa metodologia è stata testata nell’ambito di una ricerca – The Diaspora as a Resource for the Knowledge, Preservation and Enhancement of the Lesser Known Cultural Sites in Albania – svolta dal 1° maggio 2019 al 31 luglio 2020 dall’Unità di Ricerca Interdipartimentale Florence Accessibility Lab dell’Università di Firenze per conto dell’International Organization for Migration- IOM (l’Agenzia delle Nazioni Unite per la migrazione). Nel gruppo di lavoro della ricerca, incentrata su cinque villaggi albanesi situati da sud a nord del Paese, hanno prestato il loro lavoro membri della diaspora albanese in Italia (studenti universitari, giovani architetti e ricercatori).

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Grignon-Dumoulin, S. « Forum shopping - Article 31 de la CMR ». Uniform Law Review - Revue de droit uniforme 11, n^o 3 (1 août 2006) : 609–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ulr/11.3.609.

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Grignon-Dumoulin, S. « Forum Shopping - Article 31 Of The CMR Convention (Abstract) ». Uniform Law Review - Revue de droit uniforme 11, n^o 3 (1 août 2006) : 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ulr/11.3.618.

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Whitney, Barry. « Index of Article Abstracts : Volumes 1-31 (1971-2002) ». Process Studies 32, n^o 2 (1 octobre 2003) : 322–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/44797767.

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Monti, Giorgio. « The Concept of Dominance in Article 82 ». European Competition Journal 2, sup1 (juillet 2006) : 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/ecj.v2n1s.31.

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Muchall, Heidi M., Nick H. Werstiuk et Biswajit Choudhury. « Article ». Canadian Journal of Chemistry 76, n^o 2 (1 février 1998) : 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v98-002.

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Photoelectron (PE) spectra of two stable carbenes 7 and 8 have been recorded and the spectra have been interpreted with the aid of eigenvalues and eigenvectors taken from Becke3LYP calculations. For the carbene series 6-8, the lone pair on the carbene carbon atom is the HOMO. The first adiabatic ionization potential (IP) of eight electronically quite different carbenes has been calculated using semiempirical PM3 and ab initio HF, Becke3LYP, and Becke3PW91 methods (3-21G(*) and 6-31+G* basis sets) as well as the CBS-4 model. For the first vertical IP, the HAM/3, Becke3LYP, and Becke3PW91 methods have been employed. CBS-4 and DFT calculations show excellent agreement with experimental values. Considering both accuracy and speed, the method of choice for the prediction of first ionization potentials of carbenes seems to be Becke3LYP/6-31+G*//Becke3LYP/3-21G(*).Key words: carbenes, electronic structure, first ionization potential, photoelectron spectroscopy, quantum chemical calculations.

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Thom, Graham. « Australia's Obligations under Article 31(1) of the Refugees Convention ». Alternative Law Journal 31, n^o 3 (septembre 2006) : 142–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x0603100307.

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Ervin, Wes. « “Designing Data,” feature article in ARCADE, 31:4 (Fall 2013). » Information Design Journal 20, n^o 3 (31 décembre 2013) : 288–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/idj.20.3.07erv.

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Plus de sources

Thèses sur le sujet "Articolo 31"

Merkouris, Panagiotis. « Article 31(3)(c) of the VCLT and the principle of systemic integration ». Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/477.

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The proliferation of international courts and tribunals combined with the expansion of the areas and density of regulation of international law has given rise to a debate on the issue of fragmentation of international law. Within this context and as a possible response to this fear of fragmentation, the issue of interpretation with specific reference to Article 31(3)(c) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties has come to the forefront. The overarching aim of the present thesis entitled ‘Article 31(3)(c) of the VCLT and the Principle of Systemic Integration’ is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the content and the function of Article 31(3)(c) both as a conventional and as a customary rule (i.e. as principle of systemic integration). To this end, the thesis adopts a two-pronged approach. In the first Part of this thesis the analysis is based on the text of the provision itself, both on its written and unwritten elements (intertemporal law considerations). This analysis demonstrates that a proper understanding of Article 31(3)(c) leads us to the adoption of the proximity criterion as the only appropriate in the application of Article 31(3)(c). Having concluded the textual analysis, the thesis then, in the second Part, considers Article 31(3)(c) from a different vantage point. It examines Article 31(3)(c) from the more general perspective of the system as a whole and analyses what the effects of more systemic considerations to the content of Article 31(3)(c) are. Within these parameters two issues arise: i) The principles of conflict resolution, which the thesis proves can be applied, in certain scenarios, in the interpretative process of Article 31(3)(c) and ii) more importantly the notion of interpretation of customary law. The relevant Chapter establishes that customary international law can be the object of interpretation and in such an interpretation Article 31(3)(c), as custom, plays a pivotal role. Through this approach, both from a textual and a systemic perspective, the thesis offers a new and complete understanding of Article 31(3)(c) in all its manifestations and spheres of application.

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Gullö, Sofia. « Implementering av barnkonventionens artikel 31 vid svenska folkbibliotek ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323225.

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Syftet med den här undersökningen är att bidra till en fördjupad förståelse av implementering av FN:s konvention om barnets rättigheter (barnkonventionen). Detta har genomförts genom en undersökning av implementering av barnkonventionens artikel 31 i barnverksamheten vid sex svenska folkbibliotek och av hur tre särskilda faktorer: handlingsfrihet, ansvarighet och resurser, som valts med utgångspunkt i närbyråkratperspektivet, påverkat implementeringen. En kvalitativ, intensiv, få-fallsundersökning har genomförts. Undersökningens material omfattar intervjudata som samlades in genom kvalitativa halv-strukturerade forskningsintervjuer med utbildade bibliotekarier som arbetar vid olika folkbibliotek och av utvalda styrdokument som reglerar de olika bibliotekens verksamheter. Ett huvudsakligt resultat i undersökningen är att de folkbibliotek som ingick i undersökningen har gjort ett omfattande arbete med att implementera barnkonventionens artikel 31 och att barnets rätt till deltagande i det kulturella och konstnärliga livet och uppmuntrandet av tillhandahållandet av lämpliga och lika möjligheter för kulturell och konstnärlig verksamhet samt för rekreations- och fritidsverksamhet är aspekter av artikel 31 som särskilt tydligt kan relateras till och har kommit till uttryck i de olika bibliotekens verksamheter. Ytterligare ett huvudsakligt resultat är att de tre faktorerna handlingsfrihet, ansvarighet och resurser tydligt har påverkat implementeringen vid de folkbibliotek som ingår i undersökningen. Ansvarighet och handlingsfrihet påvisades vara faktorer som främst har möjliggjort implementeringen medan tillgången till resurser påvisades vara en faktor som både kan möjliggöra och hindra implementeringsarbete.
The aim of this study was to contribute to a deeper and more thorough understanding of the implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). It specifically examined implementation of Article 31 of the UNCRC in six Swedish public libraries using the Street-level bureaucracy approach. The study then selected three specific factors to explore implementation, namely discretion, accountability and resources. A qualitative case study approach was chosen. The research foundation of this consisted specifically of interview data collected through qualitative semi-structured interviews with professionally trained librarians from the six libraries involved in the study. It also included selected documents concerning the regulation of their activities. The study’s primary finding was that these libraries make great effort to implement Article 31 of the UNCRC. The research analysis showed that two particular aspects of Article 31 of the UNCRC are very much apparent in the libraries that were studied. These aspects were the right of the child to participate freely in cultural life and the arts, and the encouragement of the provision of appropriate and equal opportunities for cultural, artistic, recreational and leisure activity. It also found that it was indeed the fact that each of the three chosen factors, discretion, accountability and resources, have specific effects on implementation. The analysis showed that accountability and discretion are indeed factors that enable the implementation and that the availability of resources affected implementation either positively or negatively.

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Longwe, Abel. « From Persecution to Detention : A reflection on the non-application of Article 31(1) of the 1951 Refugee Convention on asylum seekers in Zambia ». Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32778.

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Despite Zambia's ratification of several of international and regional human rights instruments, the country's domestic legislation frustrates its international obligations in so far as protection of asylum seekers human rights is concerned. Principally there are two main pieces of legislation which create this ‘quagmire,' but also make provision for the entry and exit of persons in Zambia, these are the Immigration and Deportation Act No. 18 of 2010 (hereinafter referred to as the Immigration Act) and the Refugees Act No. 1 of 2017 (hereinafter the Refugees Act). Although these two pieces of legislation apply to different types of migrants, there is a predisposition on the part of the authorities of enforcing immigration laws and not refugee laws on asylum seekers especially those found unlawfully present in country. This is in contravention of the non-penalisation clause under the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (hereinafter the 1951 Refugee Convention), which creates a dilemma for asylum seekers. Zambia has an international obligation to receive and not to expel asylum seekers present within its territory irrespective of their mode of entry, this responsibility emanates from Article 31(1) and Article 33(2) 1951 Refugee Convention. However, the misapplication of the Immigration Act on asylum seekers conflicts with this obligation.

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Muthoni, Viola Wakuthii. « Duress as a defence in international criminal law : from Nuremberg to article 31(1) (d) of the Rome statute of the international criminal court ». University of Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3915.

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Meijer, Gerard Johannes. « Appèl met die oog op regsherstel : 'n Gereformerd kerkregtelike studie / G.J. Meijer ». Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/78.

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Conflict and injustice are endemic to the imperfectness of human existence, and the Church of Christ is not immune to them. Various means can be adopted to solve conflict in the church. This study is concerned with legal restitution through calling at a major assembly, as provided in Article 31 Church Order. Statement of the problem Biblical grounds for the right of appeal are largely lacking in the Reformed church polity. In addition, there is no clear definition of the concept 'injustice' in Article 31 Church Order. In the case of appeals brought to a synod of the RCSA, the verdict usually contains no guidelines on how the matter should be dealt with in practice in order to effect reconciliation. Consequently, the outcome of an appeal does not necessarily contribute to the solution and restoration of broken relationships. Aim and method of work This study endeavours to determine the biblical grounds of appeal and legal restitution in Reformed church polity through scriptural study; establish the essence and content of appeal in Reformed church polity; and examine the functioning, treatment and application of appeal with a view to legal restitution in the RCSA, and address shortcomings in this respect. Findings Legal restitution occurs when an appeal is judged according to clearly defined norms; the verdict rests on the same norms; and the necessary steps had been taken to reconcile the parties involved in the appeal Organisation The study is divided into four main sections: biblical foundation of appeal with a view to legal restitution; historical development of appeal with a view to legal restitution; fundamental definition of appeal with a view to legal restitution; and practical treatment of appeal with a view to legal restitution. Finally, the research questions born from the problem statement are answered by means of concluding statements.
Thesis (Ph.D. (Church Polity))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

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Vernizzi, Giulia. « La prassi successiva tra interpretazione, evoluzione e modifica del trattato ». Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/988338.

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L'evoluzione del diritto internazionale, causata dalle 'forze antinomiche della conflittualità e della cooperazione' su scala globale, ha condotto nel corso del tempo a oscillazioni nella prevalenza della fonte pattizia su quella consuetudinaria. Tuttavia, dagli anni della decolonizzazione, fino alla caduta del muro di Berlino in poi, si è registrata una tendenza alla prevalenza del diritto internazionale pattizio, sia bilaterale che multilaterale, su quello consuetudinario. Alla luce dell'indiscussa importanza acquisita dal diritto convenzionale, diffusa e consistente si è dimostrata negli anni quella prassi degli Stati applicativa e al tempo stesso interpretativa delle norme pattizie, ai sensi dell'articolo 31(3)(b) della Convenzione di Vienna sul diritto dei trattati. Essa merita pertanto un'attenta analisi con riferimento alla sua portata interpretativa, con riferimento alla sua caratterizzazione quale mezzo supportante un'interpretazione dinamica del trattato e infine con riferimento alla sua valenza modificativa della disposizione convenzionale cui è riferita. Se il valore della prassi successiva come mezzo di interpretazione dei trattati è consolidato e innegabile, lo stesso ampio riconoscimento non è rintracciabile con riguardo alla valenza modificativa di tale prassi, oggetto di intenso dibattito. Nonostante la ritrosia, comunque sempre meno radicata in dottrina e giurisprudenza, a riconoscere valore modificativo alla prassi successiva, che sia espressione dell'accordo di tutte le parti del trattato e caratterizzata da tutti i requisiti compatibili contemplati dall'articolo 31 (3) (b) della Convenzione di Vienna, l'analisi e la configurabilità di tale fenomeno appare inevitabile, data frequenza con cui esso si verifica e data la strutturale somiglianza della prassi successiva ad un'altra categoria di prassi degli Stati, ovvero quella rilevante, insieme all'opinio iuris, ai fini della formazione della consuetudine internazionale. Nel sistema internazionale la prassi degli Stati gioca un ruolo centrale in molti dei processi che sfociano nella creazione, modifica ed estinzione delle norme giuridiche. In altre parole, la prassi è 'an element of international law-making' e il suo rilievo quale strumento interpretativo è da ricercare nelle stesse ragioni che la rendono un elemento di law-making. L'articolo 31 (3) (b) disciplina una prassi, sì priva dell'elemento dell'opinio iuris, ma relativa a una disposizione convenzionale, cui il consenso è già stato prestato, e fondata sull'accordo delle parti del trattato, pertanto le sue potenzialità non possono essere sminuite: essa è testimonianza della natura decentralizzata della funzione 'legislativa' del diritto internazionale. Chiedersi se la prassi successiva possa modificare la disposizione cui si riferisce significa chiedersi se sia possibile riconoscere un valore creativo di diritto a una prassi sì sprovvista di opinio iuris, ma dotata di una certa intentionality che le deriva dall'essere motivata e strettamente riferita a una disposizione convenzionale, oggetto di precedente consenso.  Rispondere in senso affermativo a questa domanda richiede l'individuazione di una base giuridica che la legittimi, anche se, a un primo sguardo, questo sembra reso molto difficoltoso data l'espunzione dell'articolo 38 dei Draft Articles del 1966 dal testo definitivo della Convenzione di Vienna, disposizione che prevedeva esplicitamente tale possibilità.

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Liaw, Ching-Yuh, et 廖慶裕. « Article 31 [Due Process of Law] In The Japanese Constitution ». Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67903890389589315044.

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碩士
淡江大學
日本研究所
83
During the age of the autocracy , due to the administration system abused the criminal code to arrest,confine and torture illegally,that mad e inviolability of the person be violated unfair ly.With the result that [Article 18] of Japanese constitution says, " No person shall be held in bondage of anykind. Involuntary servitude , exce pt as punishment for crime, is prohibited." And [Article 31] of " Due Process of law " also prov isions, "No person shall be deprived of life or liberty ,nor shall any other criminal penalty be imposed ,except according to procedure establish ed by law." The original intention of above clauses is to prevent inviolability of the person from encr oaching of the public authority (especially in adminstration),also to emphasis procedure and ex plicit guarantee. Thus, the request of carrying out "Due Process of Law" needs to meet the princ ple of justice and righteousness,limit the proce dure of people''s rights and the duty of abligat ion which have to be enacted by Law , and claim the substantial content enacted to be fair and legitimacy.Such a delicate relationship between norms of procedure law and the inviliolability of the person for people is just the point of the thesis. There are seven chapters of the thesis as fo llows:◎ The first chapter is an introduction to resea rching range ,methods, and summary.◎ Second , to probe into the developing context of Inviolabilityof the person in Japan.◎ Third,to discuss the relationship between the due process of law and criminal procedure in the view of constitution.◎ Fourth & Fifth ,it''s further to complete all branches of theories on due process of law and the procedure and the guarantee of non-criminal procedure which are developing and changing at present.◎ Sixth,to debate the meneuver in a judicial pr ecedent.◎ Seventh, the conclusion of the thesis.

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Hung, Kuang-Feng, et 洪寬峰. « The study of administration on section 2, paragraph 1, article 31 of Waste Disposal Act in Taiwan ». Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9f446g.

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碩士
朝陽科技大學
環境工程與管理系碩士班
92
There are four processes to establish the government’s policy. The first is to plan it. The second is to legalize it. To carry out it is the third. The final one is to evaluate it. The administrative staff must consider the legality when they formulate the policy in which the support of the citizen is necessary. We read the article 31 of Waste Disposal Act in Taiwan. We have learned that a lot of the enterprises and the commissioned publicly or privately owned waste management organizations (CPPOWMO) have to make their waste reports on the Internet of the Taiwan’s Environmental Protection Administration (EPA). The section 2, paragraph 1, article 31 of Waste Disposal Act has the most influence to them. However, there are some problems while they are implementing the policy. The Internet’s information of the Taiwan’s EPA, the pleader’s data from the Administrative Appeals Commission of Taipei Government, the lawsuits of the Administration of Government and the criminal cases on environmental protection are collected for the study. The conclusions are as follows. 1. The representative of the opinions in the announcement of the policy has been doubted. The well management-recording document should not be the only certificate. The time of the announcement for implementing the policy is too short. The modified system should be operated in a small area first. 2. We should combine the database in the Environmental Protection Administration Industrial Waste Control Center (EPAIWCC) with the information of the waste clearance and disposal plan, the real-time tracking system first. We should compare the database in the EPAIWCC with the data of the Waste Exchange Information Center of Industrial Technology Research Institute of Taiwan and the Taiwan’s taxation system of The National Tax Administration. Then we can check the processes of waste clearance and disposal in electronic government. 3. The conflicts of Waste Disposal Act and Resource Recycling Act must be resolved otherwise they would confuse the administrative personnel and the enterprises and the CPPOWMO. We must think about the stabilization of the policy in the change time when we implement the policy. 4. We must think about the power off, the virus, the backup, the correctness and the safe when we evaluate the performance of waste clearance and disposal system (WCDS) of the EPAIWCC. We must think about the reality when we design the WCDS. The staff of the private enterprise, the servers of the EPAIWCC and the administrative personnel of Government must be re-training for implementing the policy. The standard of performance of the WCDS must be established.

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mengyun, Wang, et 王孟筠. « Critical Analysis of The Amendment of The Article 31 of TRIPS Agreement : A Research on The Developing Countries' Response Models ». Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nq3xr2.

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博士
東海大學
政治學系
105
Abstract Keywords: Doha Development Round, Article 31 bis, compulsory licenses, Developing country On January 23, 2017, the Director-General of the WTO, Roberto Azevedo, convened the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) interim meeting, and after the organization received notifications of ratification from Liechtenstein, the United Arab Emirates and Viet Nam, that reached the two-thirds the numbers of WTO members and had officially brought the amendment of Article 31 bis into the TRIPS Agreement. Since the 22 years establishment of the organization, this is the first time that two-thirds the number of WTO members successfully ratified and amended the existing WTO accords. The reason to amend the TRIPS Agreement is because some developing countries and low developing countries (LDC) are insufficient or no pharmaceutical manufacturing capacities, they don’t have medicines to control the national emergency caused by significant public health risks, such as HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, or other epidemics, etc. The new and amended clause allows exporting countries to extend the coverage of compulsory licensing under the patent law from “Domestic” to “Export”. The purpose is to encourage exporting countries to export patent medicines to developing or low developing countries lacking drug production capacity; this is a ray of hope for those developing and low developing countries, which have national public health risks and lack of access to pharmaceutical products that caused by the TRIPS medicine patents compulsory license system for a long period of time. Since 1999, the Ministerial meeting in Seattle till now, the verification of the Amendment of TRIPS Agreement is a challenge with good results to the developing countries, it highlights a truth that in the complexity of international relationship, hegemony is not the only leading force in the international order, the weakest can combine the negotiation strategies of the government organization and non-government organization by using the strategy of vertical and horizontal alliances, , which may bring magnificent achievement. Neoclassical realism can give the best explanation that the strategies and behavior approaches of the developing countries in the new amendment of TRIPS Agreement. Classical realism emphasize the deductionism of the state level, neorealism is a system theory that focus on the international system level; on the other hand, the “Neoclassical Realism” combines above theories and becomes a comprehensive theory, which believes that among the factors leading a state toward the competition of power, the domestic factor takes a lot of portion. Besides, the diplomatic negotiation is quite an important link to bury the hatchets. Neoclassical realism fairly focuses on a state’s foreign policy and the explanation of behavior; it believes that a state’s foreign policy must combine the external environment and the affected factors on domestic. Neoclassical realism expands the range of the explanation on the realistic paradigm; it fixes the weakness of liberalism, which overemphasize the foundation of liberty, privatization for the purpose of promoting the economic development, but ignore the insufficiency of state’s positive effects; neoclassical realism complete the disguised parts, like power and interests and so forth that constructivism doesn’t pay serious attention on. It can be said that in the internal theory of realism has risen a new analysis approach that definitely can create a path for the theory of foreign policy.

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Chang, Jing-Jung, et 張鏡榮. « A Study on the Principal Offender on Crimes Demanding the Perpetrator’s Special Status : The Explanation and Application of Article 31 of the Penal Code ». Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pv6e2k.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
法律學研究所
104
The content of Criminal Code Article 31 of Republic of China received a lot of criticism and review. The main discussion included the legitimacy of fictitious co-perpetrator, the necessity of fictitious participants, the types of identity, as well as the position and interpretation of Article 31, section 1 and 2. This thesis tries to answer the question of the legitimacy of fictitious co-perpetrator, finds the essence of its legal basis from the theories interpreting the concept "crimes which demands the perpetrator’s special status (Sonderdelikte) ", and then extends fiction range to the application of indirect principal. In addition, the fundamental problem of the distinction between Article 31, section 1 and 2 is the basic orientation of the article and link with status classification. To classify various statuses, we shall scrutinize through individual articles of the Criminal Code, then categorize them to either Article 31 section 1 or Article 31 section 2. Criminal Law Article 31, section 1 and 2 respectively reveal the basic position of "joint illegality and individual culpability principle". The sort mode of "illegal identity" and "culpable identity" is a more meaningful insight; they can also be linked to Article 31, section 1 and 2. However, it does not mean "illegal status is equal to section 1, and culpable identity to section 2" because illegality and culpability may affect each other. Further, some crimes demand the perpetrator’s special status. In such situation, the status is an illegal status, and they shall apply to section 1; some including illegal identity and culpable identity shall apply to section 2.

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Livres sur le sujet "Articolo 31"

Blandini, Mario. Il processo tributario : Commento articolo per articolo al D. lgs. 31 dicembre 1992 n. 546. 5^e éd. Milano : Il sole 24 ore, 2002.

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Rau, Carmelo. Il nuovo contenzioso tributario : D. lgs. 31 dicembre 1992, n. 546 comparato con le norme precedenti annotato con la giurisprudenza illustrato articolo per articolo. Milano : A. Giuffrè, 1993.

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Italy. Codice della strada : Annotato in ogni articolo con il regolamento di esecuzione e la legislazione complementare : aggiornato al 31 maggio 1989. 5^e éd. Roma : Buffetti, 1989.

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Article 31 : The right to leisure, play and culture. Leiden : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2006.

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Harry, Shier, et Play-Train, dir. Article 31 action pack : Children's rights and children's play : resources for action to implement Article 31 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Sparkbrook, Birmingham : Play-Train, 1995.

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Cox, Miranda. Article 31 : Children and the arts : creative action for the next millenium. Birmingham : Play Train, 1997.

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Rights, European Court of Human. A. Affaire Schuler-Zgraggen c. Suisse : arrêt du 31 Janvier 1995 (article 50) : B. Affaire Friedl c. Autriche : arrêt du 31 Janvier 1995 = A. Case of Schuler-Zgraggen v. Switzerland : judgment of 31 January 1995 (Article 50). B. Case of Friedl v. Austria : judgment of 31 January 1995. Strasbourg : Greffe de la Cour, Conseil de l'Europe, 1995.

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Merkouris, Panos. Article 31(3)(c) VCLT and the principle of systemic integration : Normative shadows in Plato's Cave. Leiden : Brill Nijhoff, 2015.

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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords. Select Committee on the European Union. The future of Europe : Constitutional treaty-draft article 31 and draft articles from part 2 (freedom, security and justice). London : Stationery Office, 2003.

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United States. Department of State, dir. International Criminal Court : Article 98 : agreement between the United States of America and Sierra Leone ; signed at Freetown, March 31, 2003. Washington, D.C.] : U.S. Dept. of State, 2011.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Articolo 31"

Dörr, Oliver. « Article 31 ». Dans Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 557–616. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55160-8_34.

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Groß, Heidrun. « Article 31 : Denunciation ». Dans The UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, 691–99. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25995-1_33.

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Abeyratne, Ruwantissa. « Article 31 Certificates of Airworthiness ». Dans Convention on International Civil Aviation, 351–82. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00068-8_32.

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Kerikmäe, Tanel, et Sandra Särav. « Article 31 [Common Customs Tariff] ». Dans Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union - A Commentary, 719–24. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43511-0_32.

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Mannello, Marianne, Theresa Casey et Cathy Atkinson. « Article 31 : Play, Leisure, and Recreation ». Dans International Handbook on Child Rights and School Psychology, 337–48. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37119-7_21.

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Pedersen, Mads. « Article 31 [Statistics and Data Collection] ». Dans The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 557–68. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43790-3_35.

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Dörr, Oliver, et Kirsten Schmalenbach. « Article 31. General rule of interpretation ». Dans Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 521–70. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19291-3_34.

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« Article 31 ». Dans European Financial Services Law, sous la direction de Matthias Lehmann et Christoph Kumpan, 1096. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845279893-1096.

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Mankowski, Peter. « Article 31 ». Dans Commercial Law, 454. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845276564-454.

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Eckardt, Tobias. « Article 31 ». Dans Commercial Law, 968–71. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845276564-968.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Articolo 31"

Сагандыков, С. З., В. В. Миронов et Т. В. Простынюк. « http://ljournal.ru/article/lj-31-10-2016-1-10.pdf ». Dans ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ. НИЦ «Л-Журнал», 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lj-31-10-2016-1-11.

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Popova, V. B. « Article types in saying-proverbial paremias (on the material of the German language) ». Dans General question of world science. Наука России, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gq-31-03-2021-59.

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The purpose of the study is to show how the functional potential of article types – definite, indefinite, zero types – is manifested in paremias. Scientific novelty: the variability of special features determines the type of the article used, the role of the metaphor and semantics of paremia as a complex of non-variable typified features is emphasized. As a result, it has been proved that in paremias the indefinite article forms nouns with the meaning of polyvariability of individual features, the definite article – with the meaning of monovariability, the zero article – with the meaning of an invariant.

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Minaeva, O. V., et O. S. Trushitsyna. « SPECIES COMPOSITION OF GROUND BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE) IN RYAZAN ». Dans V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-27.

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Velegurov, A. V., et V. S. Istomin. « NEGATIVE INFLUENCE OF MORTGAGE LOANS ON THE DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION IN RUSSIA ». Dans CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF RUSSIA AND CHINA. Amur State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/medprh.31.

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Piskarev, V. V., V. A. Aparina, N. I. Boyko, E. V. Morozova et A. A. Timopheev. « Influence translocation from Secale cereale and Aegilops speltoides to agronomic traits of spring wheat breeding lines ». Dans Agrobiotechnology-2021. Publishing house of RGAU - MSHA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1855-3-2021-163.

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The results of a comparative study of recombinants carrying translocations from Secale сereale (Lr45) and Aegilops speltoides (Lr28, Lr47) with recombinants without translocations and recipient cultivars Novosibirskaya 31 and Sibirskaya 17 were presented in the article.

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Gudkov, Viktor, Pavel Sokol et Roman Mogutnov. « PERSPECTIVE TRANSMISSION OF FORESTRY VEHICLES ». Dans Power energy and electronics of promising cars. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/peepc2021_27-31.

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The article discusses a perspective design of the drive of the drive wheels of the tandem bridge of forestry vehicles, which contributes to an increase in traction performance and an indicator of the efficiency of use.

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Birman, A., A. Tambi, S. Ugryumov, N. Belonogova, A. Stepanov et B. Lokshtanov. « SUBSTANTIATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODE OF MANUFACTURE OF WOOD NEUTRON-PROTECTIVE MATERIAL ». Dans Ecological and resource-saving technologies in science and technology. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/erstst2021_27-31.

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The article presents a method for the production of a neutron-protective material based on compacted wood as a hydrogen-containing substance that stops the energy of neutrons. Recommendations are given on the implementation of the technological process of compacting wood in a mold, technological modes of the compaction process are selected with justification of the optimal effort and duration of pressing, heating temperature, duration of the quality normalization process.

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RADZISZEWSKA-WOLIŃSKA, J. M. « Alternative Fuels in Rail Transport and their Impact on Fire Hazard ». Dans Terotechnology XII. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902059-31.

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Abstract. The interest in alternative fuels results from the depletion of crude oil resources and, thus, the search for new energy sources. The article discusses alternative power sources introduced into the drive of rail vehicles. Their advantages and disadvantages are presented, especially the uncontrolled ignitions cases are described. Attention is drawn to the need to develop European regulations on the fire safety of rail vehicles using hydrogen cells, lithium batteries, or natural gas. Such requirements are particularly relevant for rolling stock passing through tunnels. They should include alternative propulsion vehicles and the transport of such loads (e.g. discharged lithium batteries).

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Dostonjon, Rapikov. « BUSINESS RELATIONS IN THE PROCESS OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION OF MODERN KOREAN SOCIETY ». Dans UZBEKISTAN-KOREA : CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF COOPERATION. OrientalConferences LTD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ocl-01-31.

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Larkin, A. I., et S. Sumbaehuuu. « FEATURES OF PHYSICAL TRAINING OF THE YOUNGER GENERATION MONGOLIA (BASED ON THE HISTORY OF THE NAADAM FESTIVAL) ». Dans Х Всероссийская научно-практическая конференция. Nizhnevartovsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/fks-2020/31.

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The article deals with the history and current state of the national Naadam festival held in Mongolia, which has long been an important holiday for all generations of the country. It includes sports that have been traditionally cultivated for a long time and are very popular among young Mongols.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Articolo 31"

Carrasquilla Barrera, Alberto, Arturo José Galindo Andrade, Gerardo Alfredo Hernández Correa, Ana Fernanda Maiguashca Olano, Carolina Soto Losada, Roberto Steiner Sampedro et Juan José Echavarría Soto. Report of the Board of Directors to the Congress of Colombia - March 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, mars 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-jun-dir-con-rep-eng.03-2020.

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The Board of Directors of the Central Bank, as per the provisions of Article 5 of Law 31 of 1992, submits a report to the Congress of the Republic that describes the macroeconomic performance for the first half of 2019 and its prospects for the remainder of the year. The last two chapters report on the composition of the country’s international reserves and the projection of the financial situation of Banco de la República for 2019. The last chapter analyzes the payment systems in the cou

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Carrasquilla Barrera, Alberto, Carolina Soto Losada, Roberto Steiner Sampedro, Mauricio Villamizar Villegas, Bibiana Taboada Arango et Leonardo Villar Gómez. Report of the Board of Directors to the Congress of Colombia - March 2021. Banco de la República, octobre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-jun-dir-con-rep-eng.03-2021.

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In compliance with Act of Congress 31/1992, Article 5, the Board of Directors of Banco de la República hereby submits to the Congress of the Republic of Colombia a detailed report on the measures that Banco de la República has taken in the emergency situation generated by Covid-19 and presents the macroeconomic results for 2020 and the outlook for 2021 for its consideration. Furthermore, the breakdown of the Foreign Reserves and their performance, the financial position of the Bank and its forecasts, and the Bank’s Cultural management are described.

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Restrepo, José Manuel, Alberto Carrasquilla Barrera, Roberto Steiner Sampedro, Mauricio Villamizar Villegas, Bibiana Taboada Arango, Jaime Jaramillo Vallejo et Leonardo Villar Gómez. Report of the Board of Directors to the Congress of Colombia - March 2021. Banco de la República de Colombia, juillet 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-jun-dir-con-rep-eng.03-2022.

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Nosenko, Yuliya H., Maiia V. Popel et Mariya P. Shyshkina. The state of the art and perspectives of using adaptive cloud-based learning systems in higher education pedagogical institutions (the scope of Ukraine). [б. в.], septembre 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3246.

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The article deals with the problems of using adaptive cloud-based learning systems (ACLS) in the modern high-tech educational environment and expanding access to them as tools of educational and research activity at higher education pedagogical institutions in Ukraine. The conceptual apparatus of cloud-based adaptive learning systems application and design is considered; their main characteristics are revealed; the ways of their pedagogical application are described. The experience of Institute of Information Technologies and Learning Tools of NAES of Ukraine on designing and applying of the cloud-based learning and research environment is outlined. The results of the survey of 31 higher education pedagogical institutions on using ACLS are presented. It is established that in the near future ACLS will become the driving force behind the development of new pedagogy, new strategies for personalizing education, and expanding opportunities for active learning.

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Report of the Board of Directors to the Congress of Colombia - March 2015. Banco de la República, mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-jun-dir-con-rep-eng.03-2015.

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The Board of Directors of Banco de la República, in accordance with the provisions of article 5° of Act [“Law”] 31/1992, submits to the Congress of the Republic of Colombia a Report on the macroeconomic performance of years 2014 and 2015 to date. Similarly, targets adopted for the current year by the Board of Directors and prospects of the different macroeconomic variables are shown. The last two chapters report the composition of foreign reserves and the projection of Banco de la República’s financial situation for year 2015.

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Report of the Board of Directors to the Congress of Colombia - July 2021. Banco de la República, février 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-jun-dir-con-rep-eng.04-2021.

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In compliance with Act of Congress 31/1992, Article 5, the Board of Directors of Banco de la República hereby submits to the honorable Congress of the Republic of Colombia a detailed report on the measures that Banco de la República has taken in the emergency situation generated by Covid-19 and presents the macroeconomic results for the first half of 2021 and the outlook for what remains of the year for its consideration. Furthermore, the breakdown of the foreign reserves and their performance, the financial position of the Bank and its forecasts, and the changes in payments in the Colombian economy are described.

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