Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Arthropods Production »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Arthropods Production"
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Sayuthi, Muhammad, et Hasnah Hasnah. « Arthropods in Different Vegetation in Nutmeg Plantation in Aceh Province ». International Journal of Tropical Veterinary and Biomedical Research 6, no 2 (19 avril 2022) : 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21157/ijtvbr.v6i2.25196.
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Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Hout) is a leading commodity from Aceh Province. The high yield of nutmeg oil and its distinctive aroma makes it in demand by the world market. The production of nutmeg plants is currently decreasing due to the disturbance of nuisance organisms so that nutmeg plants get sick and die. Appropriate agro eco-management of the nutmeg system is thought to overcome these problems. Such as by conserving the diversity of arthropod communities. Information regarding the presence of arthropods in nutmeg cultivation is very limited in South Aceh District. This study investigates the abundance of arthropods in nutmeg cultivation in different vegetation to detect the causes of the decline in nutmeg production in the South Aceh district. Sampling was carried out at 2 locations with different vegetation conditions, using the determining sub-samples. Each location consisted of 200 individual nutmeg plants, and at each location, several 20 individual nutmeg plants were assigned as samples. The results showed that the total collection of arthropod populations at the location I found nine orders, namely Araneae, Coleoptera, Dermaptera, Diptera, Homoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Isoptera, and Orthoptera. Location II found 12 orders, namely Araneae, Blattodea, Coleoptera, Dermaptera, Diptera, Embioptera, Homoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Isoptera, Orthoptera, and Phasmatodea). The class of insects and arachnids found at these two locations is part of the Phylum Arthropoda.
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Gkisakis, V. D., D. Kollaros et E. M. Kabourakis. « Soil arthropod biodiversity in plain and hilly olive orchard agroecosystems, in Crete, Greece ». ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA 23, no 1 (1 juin 2017) : 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/eh.11531.
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Soil arthropod biodiversity was monitored in 24 olive orchards located in eight different sites in Messara, Crete, covering the two main agroecological zones of olive oil production, hilly and plain. Monitoring was done weekly for five weeks per season, from autumn 2011 to summer 2012, using pitfall traps. Subgroups of functional taxa were defined with respect to services of biological pest control and of nutrient cycling. Comparison of the different agroecological zones in terms of abundance and diversity of soil arthropods and functional subgroups was performed. Coleoptera (39.52%), Formicidae (27.3%), Araneae (8.77%) and Collembola (5.32%) were the most abundant taxa found in the olive orchards. Hilly orchards presented higher total arthropod diversity, but lower abundance due to family Tenebrionidae. Arthropod richness did not differ between agroecological zones. Functional arthropods were a major part of total abundance (76.7%) and presented a trend of higher catches abundance in the hilly orchards arthropods with seasonally statistically significant differences. Shannon Index of Diversity showed higher arthropod diversity in the hilly orchards, being significantly higher in spring. The less intensive olive production in hilly areas appeared to favour soil arthropod diversity.
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Vankosky, M. A., H. A. Cárcamo, H. A. Catton, A. C. Costamagna et R. De Clerck-Floate. « Impacts of the agricultural transformation of the Canadian Prairies on grassland arthropods ». Canadian Entomologist 149, no 6 (6 octobre 2017) : 718–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2017.47.
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AbstractThe prairie grasslands have been transformed to become the primary source of agricultural production in Canada. Soon after its establishment, the Biological Survey of Canada recognised the urgent need to document the arthropods of the prairie grasslands, especially in the few pristine remnants. Although this initiative has yielded considerable progress in documenting the species present in the Prairies Ecozone, comprehensive ecological studies are sparse. Landscape effects on arthropods are well studied elsewhere, but no equivalent studies have been published for the Canadian Prairies. Crop rotation varies landscape composition annually, changes host plant resources in fields, and interacts with other agricultural inputs to disturb pest and beneficial arthropods. Despite only a handful of studies on grazing, there is an emerging pattern: moderate grazing increases arthropod diversity and benefits certain arthropod guilds. Abiotic inputs elicit variable responses from different arthropod taxa; Carabidae (Coleoptera) are best studied, with some information available for ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and aquatic arthropods. Biotic inputs include arthropods released for biocontrol of weed and insect pests; evidence indicates that biocontrol agents of insects have a greater potential for impact on native communities of arthropods. The studies reviewed here reveal important trends and research gaps to be addressed in the future.
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Amprako, Louis, Kathrin Stenchly, Martin Wiehle, George Nyarko et Andreas Buerkert. « Arthropod Communities in Urban Agricultural Production Systems under Different Irrigation Sources in the Northern Region of Ghana ». Insects 11, no 8 (1 août 2020) : 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11080488.
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Urban and peri-urban agricultural (UPA) production systems in West African countries do not only mitigate food and financial insecurity, they may also foster biodiversity of arthropods and partly compensate for structural losses of natural environments. However, management practices in UPA systems like irrigation may also contribute to disturbances in arthropod ecology. To fill knowledge gaps in the relationships between UPA management and arthropod populations, we compared arthropods species across different irrigation sources in Tamale. During a 72-h sampling period, 14,226 arthropods were caught with pitfall traps and pan traps from 36 fields. These specimens comprised 13 orders, 103 families, 264 genera, and 329 taxa (243 identified species, 86 unidentified species) and categorized into five feeding guilds (carnivores, decomposers, herbivores, omnivores, and pollinators). Species richness, species accumulation curves, and diversity functions (richness, evenness, and dispersion) were calculated to characterize the arthropod community. Non-metric multidimensional scaling was applied to examine structural similarity of arthropod communities among sites. To account for the effects of soil-related data, we furthermore applied a redundancy analysis. Arthropods grouped according to the irrigation water source, whereby the dipterans were most dominant under wastewater conditions. Here, particularly the eye gnat, Hippelates pusio, a disease-causing vector for humans, accounted for the dipterans. The occurrence of three alien ant species suggested community shifts through invasive species, while the occurrence of seven ant species (at least one ant species occurred under each water source) that form mutualistic relationships with aphids highlighted future risks of aphid pest outbreak. Future studies on these taxa should specifically target their ecological and economic effects and potential countermeasures.
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Goosey, Hayes B., Joseph T. Smith, Kevin M. O’Neill et David E. Naugle. « Ground-Dwelling Arthropod Community Response to Livestock Grazing : Implications for Avian Conservation ». Environmental Entomology 48, no 4 (24 juin 2019) : 856–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvz074.
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Abstract Terrestrial arthropods are a critical component of rangeland ecosystems that convert primary production into resources for higher trophic levels. During spring and summer, select arthropod taxa are the primary food of breeding prairie birds, of which many are imperiled in North America. Livestock grazing is globally the most widespread rangeland use and can affect arthropod communities directly or indirectly through herbivory. To examine effects of management on arthropod community structure and avian food availability, we studied ground-dwelling arthropods on grazed and ungrazed sagebrush rangelands of central Montana. From 2012 to 2015, samples were taken from lands managed as part of a rest-rotation grazing program and from idle lands where livestock grazing has been absent for over a decade. Bird-food arthropods were twice as prevalent in managed pastures despite the doubling of overall activity-density of arthropods in idle pastures. Activity-density on idled lands was largely driven by a tripling of detritivores and a doubling in predators. Predator community structure was simplified on idled lands, where Lycosid spiders increased by fivefold. In contrast, managed lands supported a more diverse assemblage of ground-dwelling arthropods, which may be particularly beneficial for birds in these landscapes if, for example, diversity promotes temporal stability in this critical food resource. Our results suggest that periodic disturbance may enhance arthropod diversity, and that birds may benefit from livestock grazing with periodic rest or deferment.
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Hackstein, J. H., et C. K. Stumm. « Methane production in terrestrial arthropods. » Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 91, no 12 (7 juin 1994) : 5441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.12.5441.
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Mitcham, E., T. Martin et S. Zhou. « The mode of action of insecticidal controlled atmospheres ». Bulletin of Entomological Research 96, no 3 (juin 2006) : 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ber2006424.
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AbstractArthropods cope with reduced oxygen and elevated carbon dioxide atmospheres with a reduction in metabolic rate, also called metabolic arrest. The reduction in metabolism lessens the pressure on the organism to initiate anaerobic metabolism, but also leads to a reduction in ATP production. The natural permeability of cellular membranes appears to be important for the survival of the arthropod under low oxygen or high carbon dioxide atmospheres. Despite the similarities in response, arthropod mortality is generally greater in response to high carbon dioxide as apposed to low oxygen atmospheres. There appears to be a greater decrease in ATP and energy charge in arthropods exposed to high carbon dioxide as compared with low oxygen atmospheres, and this may be due to greater membrane permeability under carbon dioxide leading to an inefficient production of ATP. Reduced oxygen and elevated carbon dioxide atmospheres can have an additive effect in some cases, depending on the concentrations used. The effect of these atmospheres on arthropods depends also on temperature, species and life stage. Additional work is needed to fully understand the mode of action of controlled atmospheres on arthropod pests.
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Childers, Anna K., Scott M. Geib, Sheina B. Sim, Monica F. Poelchau, Brad S. Coates, Tyler J. Simmonds, Erin D. Scully et al. « The USDA-ARS Ag100Pest Initiative : High-Quality Genome Assemblies for Agricultural Pest Arthropod Research ». Insects 12, no 7 (9 juillet 2021) : 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12070626.
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The phylum Arthropoda includes species crucial for ecosystem stability, soil health, crop production, and others that present obstacles to crop and animal agriculture. The United States Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service initiated the Ag100Pest Initiative to generate reference genome assemblies of arthropods that are (or may become) pests to agricultural production and global food security. We describe the project goals, process, status, and future. The first three years of the project were focused on species selection, specimen collection, and the construction of lab and bioinformatics pipelines for the efficient production of assemblies at scale. Contig-level assemblies of 47 species are presented, all of which were generated from single specimens. Lessons learned and optimizations leading to the current pipeline are discussed. The project name implies a target of 100 species, but the efficiencies gained during the project have supported an expansion of the original goal and a total of 158 species are currently in the pipeline. We anticipate that the processes described in the paper will help other arthropod research groups or other consortia considering genome assembly at scale.
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TRIPATHI, G., S. RAM, B. M. SHARMA et G. SINGH. « Soil faunal biodiversity and nutrient status in silvopastoral systems of Indian desert ». Environmental Conservation 32, no 2 (juin 2005) : 178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892905002109.
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Decrease in productivity of pastureland is a common problem in dry areas and needs to be enhanced through conservation and management of soil biodiversity and available plant resources. Diversity and population dynamics of soil arthropods, and soil nutrients were studied in different silvopastoral (tree-integrated grassland) systems for effective management and enhancement of grassland productivity. The most prominent combinations of trees and grasses in silvopastoral systems of the selected sites were Prosopis cineraria with Cenchrus ciliaris and C. biflorus (PC), Acacia nilotica with Elusine compressa and C. ciliaris (AN), Zizyphus nummularia with C. ciliaris and E. compressa (ZN), Capparis decidua with C. biflorus and Digitaria marginatus (CD) and A. senegal with C. ciliaris and D. marginatus (AS). Pure grass blocks outside tree canopy were selected as control plots. Acari, Myriapoda, Coleoptera, Isoptera, Collembola and other soil arthropods were the major soil faunal groups. Relative densities of Acari, Myriapoda and other arthropods were highest in silvopastoral systems and those of Coleoptera, Isoptera and Collembola were highest in pure grass plots. Variations in soil arthropod populations in response to rainfall, soil water content and soil temperature indicated greater sensitivity of these groups to environmental factors. The highest densities and negative relative tree effect (RTE) values of Acari, Myriapoda and other soil arthropods in the ZN, Coleoptera in the AS, Isoptera in the CD and Collembola in the AN systems indicated that these soil arthropods preferred the silvopastoral systems involved. Seasonal variations in soil organic matter and available NH4-N, NO3-N and PO4-P were similar to those of soil arthropods. The concentrations of soil nutrients were highest in the ZN system, which had the highest densities of soil arthropods. The other systems with high populations and soil nutrient status were the CD and AS. Silvopastoral systems based on Z. nummularia, C. decidua and A. senegal promoted soil arthropod populations and enhanced soil nutrient status, highlighting the positive role of tree presence and the need for proper management to promote soil biodiversity, nutrient cycling and sustained production in a fragile environment.
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DeVaney, J. A. « Arthropods in Livestock and Poultry Production ». Poultry Science 66, no 1 (janvier 1987) : 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0660192.
Texte intégralThèses sur le sujet "Arthropods Production"
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Hansen, Ashton Anne. « Exploring Effects of Weed Management in Agroecosystems : Arthropods, Soil Properties and Soybean Production ». Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27538.
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Soil-dwelling arthropods contribute to agroecosystems, but it?s unclear how specific taxa respond to weed management practices. Objectives were to explore 1) response of Collembola to weed management in a glyphosate-tolerant soybean system and 2) impacts of weed management and soil arthropod reduction (via insecticide) on soil and plant parameters. Weed management had variable effects on Collembola, whereas location had a consistent effect on diversity and density. Increased weed pressure decreased soil nitrate and reduced soybean yield. Reduction of soil arthropods didn?t impact soil nitrate or yield, but increased the number of soybean root nodules. This could be due to decreased root herbivores, or overcompensation of the plant. Previous research emphasized effects of plant communities on soil arthropods, but our study suggests soil properties strongly influence arthropod communities. Although this study does not show obvious benefits of soil arthropods, long term insecticide application may be detrimental to crop production.
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Skidmore, Amanda R. « IMPACT OF SELECTED INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES ON ARTHROPODS IN CUCURBIT PRODUCTION SYSTEMS ». UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/entomology_etds/44.
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Cucurbits (i.e. squash, melons, pumpkins, gourds) are high value crops of global importance. Insect pests in these systems are often controlled by chemical insecticides, which are not always effective and can be damaging to the environment. Many integrated pest management (IPM) techniques have been developed for the control of pests in these systems, with a goal of improving system stability and reducing chemical inputs. The overarching goal of my research was to investigate the impact of select IPM techniques on arthropod populations and yield in organic and conventional cucurbit systems.
This dissertation can be divided into three major projects which were conducted between 2013 and 2017. First, an investigation was conducted to understand the impact of two commonly used IPM practices (tillage regime and the use of row covers) on pest insect populations, beneficial arthropod populations, and plant yield. By developing studies in both organic and conventionally managed squash and melon production, four independent studies were conducted and analyzed to provide a broad understanding of these IPM strategies. In all systems, plant yields and pests were greatest in the plasticulture systems, but reduced tillage had a positive impact on the natural enemy arthropods within these crops. Row cover use resulted in larger plants and increased yields, but had an inconsistent influence on arthropods in the systems studied.
From these initial studies, an additional investigation was developed to better understand the impacts of cultivation on the specialist pollinator Peponapis pruinosa [Hymenoptera: Apidae]. Nesting site selection was examined in two independent experiments. By conducting choice studies to allow P. pruinosa to select preferred nesting sites, we determined that P. pruinosa prefer to build nests in loose soils and show reduced nest making in compact soils. This poses interesting management challenges since less-compact soils are within high tillage zones. This research supports the need for the development of cultivation management plans that consider of pollinator habitat and reproduction needs.
A multi-year, multi-farm study was developed for the comparison of parasitism in cucumber beetles (Acalymma vittatum and Diabrotica undecimpunctata) in organic and conventional growing systems. Parasitoids were reared from beetles collected from working organic and conventional cucurbit farms in central Kentucky. Our results show that there is some seasonal variation in parasitism, but that there is no significant difference between organic and conventional production.
We conclude that IPM techniques can be effective in contributing to the control cucurbit pests in agroecosystems and the improvement of crop yields. These studies show that natural enemies and pollinators react differently to IPM practices, which should be considered when developing IPM plans in cucurbit production. By researching these management techniques we are able to develop production systems that have increased stability.
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CARUSO, MATTEO FRANCESCO. « Ottimizzazione del processo produttivo degli acari della specie Dermatophagoides e dei loro allergeni ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/72219.
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Questa tesi è frutto della collaborazione tra l'Università e Lofarma S.p.A., un’azienda farmaceutica italiana leader nel settore che produce preparati per pazienti allergici come kit diagnostici e immunoterapie. A tale scopo nel reparto di Acarologia ogni anno vengono allevati e raccolti decine di chilogrammi di acari adulti e, dopo alcune manipolazioni, utilizzati nel reparto produttivo come materia prima per la maggior parte delle formulazioni. Lo scopo di questo progetto è analizzare l'attuale metodo di produzione e studiare se alcuni passaggi potrebbero essere ottimizzati per migliorare la resa, il tasso di produzione e la qualità della materia prima, cercando nel contempo di ridurre costi e tempi di lavorazione.
La ricerca è stata suddivisa in 2 aree principali: 1) Procedure di Allevamento (valutazione della qualità della dieta e del ceppo allevato) e 2) Manipolazioni della Materia Prima (ottimizzazione del processo di pulizia e valorizzazione della materia prima). Tra questi, i risultati più significativi sono stati raggiunti nella sezione Manipolazione delle Materie Prime, dove viene descritto un nuovo processo di rifinitura in grado di ottenere rese finali più elevate in tempistiche più brevi.
Dopo aver analizzato l'intero ciclo produttivo, è possibile concludere che, nel contesto del Reparto di Acarologia, è più conveniente procedere con una migliore manipolazione della materia prima piuttosto che modificare le attuali metodiche di allevamento, che sembrano già adatte per le esigenze di Lofarma.This thesis is based on collaboration between University and Lofarma S.p.A., a leading Italian pharmaceutical company which produce preparation for allergic patients like diagnostic kits and immunotherapies. To this purpose every year dozens of kilograms of adult mites are reared and collected in the Acarology department and, after manipulations, used in the Production Department as raw material for most of the preparation. The aim of this project is to analyze the current production methodology of Acarology department and investigate if some steps could be optimized to improve the yield, the production rate and the quality of the raw material while trying to reduce costs and processing times. The research has been divided in 2 main areas: 1) Rearing Procedures (quality assessment about the diet and the strain enacted) and 2) Raw Material Manipulations (optimization of the refining process and valorization of the Raw Material). Between those, most significant results have been achieved in the Raw Material Manipulation section, where is described a novel refining process capable of obtaining higher final yields in a shorter working time. After analyzing the whole manufacturing cycle, is possible to conclude that, within the context of the Acarology Department, is more convenient to proceed with a better manipulation of the raw material in the refining process rather than modifying the actual rearing procedure, which is already suitable for Lofarma needs.
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van, Schalkwyk Julia. « Biodiversity conservation in a fragmented landscape : arthropod assemblages in smaller corridors within a production landscape ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96752.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Habitat loss and fragmentation are major threats to global biodiversity. A cornerstone of traditional conservation involves setting aside land as formally protected areas (PAs). However, for effective biological conservation in the long term there needs to be connectivity between these PAs. When possible, improved connectivity can be achieved using natural corridors at a landscape scale. Even better is to establish a network of corridors and nodes in the form of ecological networks (ENs). ENs are currently being employed by commercial forestry companies in South Africa. While larger corridors and nodes are considered optimum, factors other than design, such as management and environmental heterogeneity, have also been found to be important for species maintenance. This study aims to explore the role of corridor width in driving the composition of invertebrate assemblages across a transformed landscape in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and to investigate other possible environmental variables significant for species distributions. In Chapter 2, I investigated the contribution of smaller grassland corridors within a timber production matrix to overall biodiversity conservation using two important bioindicator taxa. Ants and dung beetles were sampled in grassland corridors of three size classes, plantation blocks and a nearby PA, iMpendle Nature Reserve. The two taxa showed differential responses to landscape level fragmentation. Dung beetles showed a decrease in species richness and corresponding increase in species turnover with increased fragmentation, while ants were unaffected, although counter intuitively smaller corridors even contained more unique ant species compared to larger corridors. Dung beetle assemblages also showed strong differences between the PA and grassland corridors. While the conservation effectiveness of large corridors undoubtedly exceeds that of smaller corridors, for ants it seems that smaller corridors contribute to their overall conservation within this production landscape. In Chapter 3, I explore the importance of spatial and environmental factors for species distribution across this landscape. Dung beetles were split into functional guilds according to size and nesting behaviour for analyses. Within grassland corridors, tunnelling dung beetle species richness was sensitive to landscape level fragmentation, especially for larger species, while elevation and vegetation type influenced ant species richness. Since rolling dung beetles showed a close association with the PA, the marked difference in dung beetle assemblages between these two land-uses may be due to the presence of pellet producing grazers in the protected area and their replacement by pat producing cattle in the grassland corridors. Other environmental variables that were found to be important for dung beetle species composition were elevation, vegetation type, and soil hardness. For ant species composition, only elevation was found to be important. In conclusion, as large corridors were comparable to the PA in dung beetle and ant species richness, ENs act as extensions of formally PAs, given that they are large enough. Nevertheless, smaller corridors had surprisingly high species richness. Including additional information other than species data improved our knowledge of the underlying factors that drive dung beetle species composition. Even though dung beetle and ant species responded differentially to habitat fragmentation, environmental heterogeneity seemed important for both taxa. Incorporating habitat heterogeneity into the current management scheme may improve the conservation effectiveness within this transformed landscape.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die vermindering en fragmentasie van natuurlike habitat is ‘n groot bedreiging vir globale biodiversiteit. ‘n Belangrike tradisionele benadering tot natuurbewaring behels die afbakening van land vir formele beskermde areas (BAs). Ten einde effektiewe biologiese bewaring oor die langtermyn te verseker moet daar verbinding wees tussen hierdie BAs. Indien moontlik kan verbeterde verbinding verkry word deur die gebruik van natuurlike gange op ʼn landskaps-vlak. Nog beter is om ʼn netwerk van gange en nodes in die vorm van ekologies netwerke (ENe) saam te stel. ENe word tans deur kommersiële bosboumaatskappye in Suid Afrika aangewend. Terwyl groter gange en nodes as optimaal beskou word, is ander faktore behalwe ontwerp, soos bestuur en omgewingsheterogeniteit, ook al gevind as belangrik vir die onderhouding van spesies. Hierdie studie is gemik daarop om die rol van gangwydte as dryfkrag vir die samestelling van invertebraatversamelings oor ʼn getransformeerde landskap in KwaZulu-Natal, Suid-Afrika, te ondersoek, asook ander moontlike omgewingsveranderlikes wat belangrik vir spesiesverpreidings kan wees. In Hoofstuk 2 het ek die bydrae van kleiner gange tot totale biodiversiteit-bewaring ondersoek deur twee belangrike bio-indikator taxa te bestudeer. Miere en miskruiers is versamel in grasland-gange van drie grootte-klasse, plantasie blokke en ‘n naby geleë BA, iMpendle Natuurreservaat. Die twee taxa het verskillende reaksies tot landskaps-vlak fragmentasie getoon. Miskruiers het ‘n verlaging in spesiesrykheid en ‘n gesamentlike verhoging in spesiesomset met verhoogde fragmentasie gewys, terwyl miere nie geaffekteer is nie, alhoewel kleiner gange het trouens meer unieke mierspesies bevat as groter gange. Die miskruierversamelings in die BA het ook opmerklik verskil van dié in die grasland-gange. Alhoewel die bewaringsdoeltreffendheid van groot gange beslis dié van kleiner gange oorskry, kom dit voor dat kleiner gange wel bydra tot die totale bewaring van miere binne hierdie produksielandskap. In Hoofstuk 3 het ek die belangrikheid van ruimtelike en omgewingsfaktore vir spesiesverspreiding oor hierdie landskap ondersoek. Miskruiers is ook in funksionele groepe verdeel volgens grootte en nes-gedrag vir aparte analise. Binne grasland-gange was tonnellende miskruierspesies sensitief vir landskaps-vlak fragmentasie, veral groter spesies, terwyl hoogte bo seevlak en vegetasie tipe mier spesiesrykheid beïnvloed het. Aangesien rollende miskruierspesies ‘n nabye assosiasie met die BA gewys het, mag die opmerklike verskil in miskruier versamelings tussen hierdie twee grondgebruike ʼn gevolg wees van die aanwesigheid van korrel-mis produserend beweiders in die BA en hulle vervanging deur nat-mis produserende beeste in die grasland-gange. Omgewingsveranderlikes uitsluitende ganggrootte wat belangrik gevind is vir miskruier spesiessamestelling was hoogte bo seevlak, vegetasie tipe en grond-hardheid. Vir mier spesiessamestelling was slegs hoogte bo seevlak belangrik. Om af te sluit, aangesien groot gange vergelykbaar was met die BA in miskruier en mier spesiesrykheid, tree ENe op as uitbreidings van BAs, mits hulle groot genoeg is. Desnieteenstaande het kleiner gange ‘n verbasende hoë spesiesrykheid gehad, veral onder miere. Die insluiting van addisionele inligting buiten spesiesdata het ons kennis van die onderliggende faktore wat miskruier spesiessamestelling dryf verbeter. Alhoewel miskruier- en mierspesies verskillend gereageer het op habitat fragmentasie, het dit voorgekom asof omgewingsheterogeniteit belangrik was vir die spesiesverspreiding van beide taxa. Die insluiting van habitatheterogeniteit binne die huidige bestuursplan mag die doeltreffendheid van bewaring binne hierdie getransformeerde landskap verbeter.
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Fang, Rong. « Production and application of monoclonal antibodies : immunological detection of Rickettsiae from their associated arthropod vectors ». Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX20681.
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Hull, Scott D. « The relationships among vegetative structure, arthropod populations, and grassland bird abundance and reproductive success on wildlife production areas in Ohio / ». The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486457871784286.
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Hsiung, Bor-Kai. « COLOR PRODUCTION MECHANISMS IN SPIDERS AND THEIR BIOMIMICRY POTENTIAL ». University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1497355826810282.
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Fabre, Bernard. « Recherche de microorganismes producteurs d'insecticides criblage, production, purification et identification des produits / ». Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604872d.
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Parfait, Gisèle. « Influence de l'association mai͏̈s (zea mays) / haricot (phaseolus vulgaris) sur la fructification du haricot et les attaques d'une bruche spécialiste du phaseolus vulgaris, acanthoscelides obtectus ». Pau, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PAUU3011.
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Etude des modifications des relations entre un insecte phytophage spécialiste et une plante cultivée, selon la diversité végétale du peuplement de la plante-hôte. Les attaques d' acanthoscelides obtectus, dont les femelles pondent dans les gousses sèches, ont été comparées sur haricot nain cultivé en monoculture et en association avec le mai͏̈s. Plans expérimentaux "en bloc" ou plus simples ont été utilisés. Les plantes sont échantillonnées systématiquement dans les parcelles en début de saison. Les données relevées portent sur le suivi de la fructification du haricot, les attaques de bruches et les caractéristiques de l'habitat (microclimat et développement du maI͏̈s). Les attaques diminuent dans les associations quelle que soit la densité du haricot, cette diminution dépend de l'indice comparé de la synchronisation des cycles des deux plantes.
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Corio-Costet, Marie-France. « Modification par le fenpropimorphe du profil sterolique de plantes et effet sur le metabolisme steroidien d'un insecte phytophage (locusta migratoria) ». Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13155.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Nous avons adopte une strategie, consistant en la modification qualitative et quantitative de la composition sterolique de plantes. Pour cefaire, nous avons traite des plantes a l'aide d'inhibiteurs de la biosynthese des sterols, possedant essentiellement deux cibles: la cycloeucalenol-obtusifoliol isomerase et la delta-huit-delta-sept-sterol isomerase. En agissant de la sorte, en bloquant diverses etapes de la biosynthese des phytosterols, nous accumulons de nouveaux sterols, en l'occurence des cyclopropylsterols. La molecule utilisee pour induire de telles modifications, est un fongicide systemique: le fenpropimorphe. Nous avons etudie le comportement de cette molecule en tant qu'inhibiteur chez des cellules animales (fibroblastes de souris) et chez des cellules vegetales (mais et ble)
Livres sur le sujet "Arthropods Production"
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Lancaster, J. L. Arthropods in livestock and poultry production. Chichester [West Sussex] : E. Horwood, 1986.
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Arthropod bioacoustics : Neurobiology and behaviour. Ithaca, N.Y : Comstock Publishing Associates, 1989.
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Ewing, Arthur W. Arthropod Bioacoustics : Neurobiology and Behaviour. Comstock publishing, 1990.
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Ewing, Arthur W. Arthropod Bioacoustics : Neurobiology and Behaviour. Edinburgh University Press, 1989.
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Colloff, MJ, et RB Halliday. Oribatid Mites. CSIRO Publishing, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643105201.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Oribatid mites are ancient, minute arthropods that live in soil, plant litter, mosses and lichens, and on trees and shrubs. Prior to the production of this catalogue, Australian Oribatid mites had been poorly documented. This catalogue summarises our knowledge of the fauna of Australian Oribatid mites, including many new records of species and genera. It forms a fundamental resource for anyone interested in these important organisms and their role in soil ecology and as environmental indicators.
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Beehag, Gary, Jyri Kaapro et Andrew Manners. Pest Management of Turfgrass for Sport and Recreation. CSIRO Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486305759.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Vital for a game of cricket or golf and enjoyable when picnicking in the park, turfgrass provides a wide range of aesthetic and recreational benefits. However, managed turfgrass is prone to damaging outbreaks of insects and mites. Pest Management of Turfgrass for Sport and Recreation is the first comprehensive work on the plant-eating insects and mites of the grass and non-grass species currently maintained as ornamental lawns and turfgrass playing surfaces throughout Australia, the South Pacific and South-East Asia.
This book provides an industry reference for the identification of pests affecting the roots, stems and leaves of turfgrass and control of these species through integrated pest management. It contains information on the distribution, ecology and biology of pests and how to monitor them. The integrated pest management approach outlined in the book includes natural environmental controls, beneficial and predatory species of arthropods, resistant cultivars and insecticidal and miticidal pesticides.
Pest Management of Turfgrass for Sport and Recreation is an essential manual for managers of sportsgrounds, bowling greens, lawn tennis courts, golf courses, racecourses, ornamental landscapes, amenity parklands, public reserves and turfgrass production farms.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Arthropods Production"
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Hackstein, Johannes H. P., Theo A. van Alen et Jörg Rosenberg. « Methane Production by Terrestrial Arthropods ». Dans Soil Biology, 155–80. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-28185-1_7.
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Popov, Andrej V. « Co-Evolution of Sound-Production and Hearing in Insects ». Dans Sensory Systems and Communication in Arthropods, 301–4. Basel : Birkhäuser Basel, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-6410-7_52.
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Kaib, Manfred. « Intra- and Interspecific Chemical Signals in the Termite Schedorhinotermes — Production sites, chemistry, and behaviour ». Dans Sensory Systems and Communication in Arthropods, 26–32. Basel : Birkhäuser Basel, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-6410-7_5.
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Geden, C. J. « Coleopteran and Acarine Predators of House Fly Immatures in Poultry Production Systems ». Dans Biocontrol of Arthropods Affecting Livestock and Poultry, 177–200. New York : CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429043338-14.
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Rueda, L. M., C. T. Hugo et M. B. Zipagan. « Filth Flies and Their Potential Natural Enemies in Poultry Production Systems in the Philippines ». Dans Biocontrol of Arthropods Affecting Livestock and Poultry, 121–35. New York : CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429043338-10.
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Ho, Chyi-Chen, Harvey L. Cromroy et Richard S. Patterson. « Mass Production of the Predaceous Mite, Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Scopoli) (Acarina : Macrochelidae), a Predator of the House Fly ». Dans Biocontrol of Arthropods Affecting Livestock and Poultry, 201–13. New York : CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429043338-15.
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Ravensberg, Willem J. « Mass Production and Product Development of a Microbial Pest Control Agent ». Dans A Roadmap to the Successful Development and Commercialization of Microbial Pest Control Products for Control of Arthropods, 59–127. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0437-4_3.
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Singh, S., Z. Li, Y. Zhang, M. J. Grieshop, J. Giliomee, G. E. Massimino Cocuzza et R. K. Sandhu. « Arthropod pests of fig and their management. » Dans The fig : botany, production and uses, 332–66. Wallingford : CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242881.0014.
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Abstract This chapter provides an overview of the most important arthropod pests of fig, taking into consideration their destructiveness, distribution and regularity of occurrence, and discusses their main management approaches. Some of these arthropod pests include Phycodes radiata, Serrodes partita, Carpophilus hemipterus, Hypoborus ficus, Homotoma ficus, Bactrocera dorsalis, Frankliniella occidentalis and Tetranychus urticae, among others.
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Cocuzza, G. E. Massimino, S. H. Goldansaz et M. Harsur. « Arthropod pests and their management. » Dans The pomegranate : botany, production and uses, 392–427. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789240764.0392.
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Long, Lynn E., Gregory A. Lang et Kaiser Clive. « Managing orchard pests. » Dans Sweet cherries, 304–42. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786398284.0304.
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Abstract This chapter provides information on the various economically important insect and arthropod pests causing damage to cherry production, such as Rhagoletis indifferens, Drosophila suzukii, Choristoneura rosaceana, Tetranychus urticae and Caliroa cerasi, among others. Notes on their life cycle, damage and management methods are also presented.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Arthropods Production"
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Bethke, James A. « Management of arthropods during shipping : A collaboration among entomologists associated with ornamental plant production ». Dans 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.95265.
Texte intégralRapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Arthropods Production"
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Palmer, Guy H., Eugene Pipano, Terry F. McElwain, Varda Shkap et Donald P. Knowles, Jr. Development of a Multivalent ISCOM Vaccine against Anaplasmosis. United States Department of Agriculture, juillet 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568763.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Anaplasmosis is an arthropod+borne disease of cattle caused by the rickettsia Anaplasma marginale and an impediment to efficient production of healthy livestock in both Israel and the United States. Our research focuses on development of a recombinant membrane surface protein (MSP) immunogen to replace current vaccines derived from the blood of infected cattle. The risk of widespread transmission of both known and newly emergent pathogens has prevented licensure of live blood-based vaccines in the U.S. and is a major concern for their continued use in Israel. Briefly, we accomplished the following in our BARD supported research: i) characterization of the intramolecular and intermolecular relationships of the native Major Surface Proteins (MSP) in the outer membrane; ii) expression, purification, and epitope characterization of the recombinant MSP-2, MSP-3, MSP-4, and MSP-5 proteins required to construct the recombinant ISCOM; iii) demonstration that the outer membrane-Quil A induces CD4+ T lymphocytes specific for the outer membrane polypeptides; iv) identification of CD4+ T lymphocytes that recognize outer membrane polypeptide epitopes conserved among other wise antigenically distinct strains; v) determination that immunization with the outer membrane-Quil A construct does not affect the ability of ticks to acquire or transmit A. marginale; and vi) demonstration that the outer membrane-Quil A construct induces complete protection against rickettsemia upon homologous challenge and significant protection against challenge with antigenically distinct strains, including tick transmission. Importantly, the level of protection against homologous challenge in the MSP vaccinates was comparable to that induced by live blood-based vaccines and demonstrates that development of a new generation of vaccines is feasible.
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Brayton, Kelly A., Varda Shkap, Guy H. Palmer, Wendy C. Brown et Thea Molad. Control of Bovine Anaplasmosis : Protective Capacity of the MSP2 Allelic Repertoire. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699838.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Anaplasmosis is an arthropod-borne disease of cattle caused by the rickettsia Anaplasmamarginale and is an impediment to efficient production of healthy livestock in both Israel and the United States. Currently, the only effective vaccines are derived from the blood of infected cattle. The risk of widespread transmission of both known and newly emergent pathogens has prevented licensure of live blood-based vaccines in the U.S. and is a major concern for their continued use in Israel. Consequently, development of a safe, effective vaccine is a high priority. Despite its drawbacks as a live, blood-based vaccine, the Israel vaccine strain protects against disease upon challenge with wild-type A. marginale in extensive experimental trials and during 50 years of deployment in Israel. Field studies in Australia and Argentina indicate that this protection is broadly effective. Thus, to identify antigens for development of a safe and effective recombinant vaccine, we have used a comparative genomics approach by sequencing the Israel vaccine strain and searching for shared surface antigens with sequenced wild-type U.S. strains. We have focused on Msp2, the immune-dominant but antigenically variable surface protein, based on shared structure among strains and demonstration that antibody from cattle immunized with the Israel vaccine strain binds Msp2 from the genetically and geographically distinct U.S. St. Maries strain, consistent with the ability to protect against St. Maries challenge. Importantly, we have defined the full repertoire of Msp2 simple variants encoded by the vaccine strain and hypothesize that a recombinant vaccine encoding this full repertoire will induce protection equivalent to that induced by the live vaccine strain. Any escape from immunity by generation of complex Msp2 variants is predicted to carry a severe fitness cost that prevents high-level bacteremia and disease— consistent with the type of protection induced by the live vaccine strain. We tested the hypothesis that the Msp2 simple variant repertoires in wild-type A. marginale strains are recognized by antibody from cattle immunized with the Israel vaccine strain and that immunization with the vaccine strain Msp2 repertoire can recapitulate the protection provided by the vaccine strain upon challenge with Israel and U.S. strains of A. marginale. Our findings demonstrate that a set of conserved outer membrane proteins are recognized by immune serum from A. centrale vaccinated animals but that this set of proteins does not include Msp2. These findings suggest that “subdominant” immunogens are required for vaccine induced protection.
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Palmer, Guy, Varda Shkap, Wendy Brown et Thea Molad. Control of bovine anaplasmosis : cytokine enhancement of vaccine efficacy. United States Department of Agriculture, mars 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7695879.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Anaplasmosis an arthropod-born disease of cattle caused by the rickettsia Anaplasma marginale and is an impediment to efficient production of healthy livestock in both Israel and the United States. Currently the only effective vaccines are derived from the blood of infected cattle. The risk of widespread transmission of both known and newly emergent pathogens has prevented licensure of live blood-based vaccines in the U.S. and is a major concern for their continued use in Israel. Consequently development of a safe, effective vaccine is a high priority. In this collaborative project we focused on two approaches to vaccine development. The first focused o n improving antigen delivery to livestock and specifically examined how DNA vaccines could be improved to enhance priming and expansion of the immune response. This research resulted in development and testing of two novel vaccine delivery systems--one that targeted antigen spread among dendritic cells (the key cell in priming immune responses and a follow-on construct that also specifically targeted antigen to the endosomal-lysosomal compartment the processing organelle within the dendritic cell that directs vaccine antigen to the MHC class ll-CD4* T cell priming pathway). The optimized construct targeting vaccine antigen to the dendritic cell MHC class II pathway was tested for ability to prime A. marginale specific immune responses in outbred cattle. The results demonstrated both statistically significant effects of priming with a single immunization, continued expansion of the primary immune response including development of high affinity lgG antibodies and rapid recall of the memory response following antigen challenge. This portion of the study represented a significant advance in vaccine delivery for livestock. Importantly the impact of these studies is not limited to A. marginale a s the targeting motifs are optimized for cattle and can be adapted to other cattle vaccinations by inserting a relevant pathogen-specific antigen. The second approach (which represented an addition to the project for which approval was requested as part of the first annual report) was a comparative approach between A . marginale and the Israel A . centrale vaccines train. This addition was requested as studies on Major Surface Protein( MSP)- 2 have shown that this antigen is highly antigenically variable and presented solely as a "static vaccine" antigen does not give cross-strain immunity. In contrast A. . centrale is an effective vaccine which Kimron Veterinary institute has used in the field in Israel for over 50 years. Taking advantage of this expertise, a broad comparison of wild type A. marginale and vaccine strain was initiated. These studies revealed three primary findings: i) use of the vaccine is associated with superinfection, but absence of clinical disease upon superinfection with A. marginale; ii) the A. centrale vaccine strain is not only less virulent but transmission in competent in Dermacentor spp. ticks; and iii) some but not all MSPs are conserved in basic orthologous structure but there are significant polymorphisms among the strains. These studies clearly indicated that there are statistically significant differences in biology (virulence and transmission) and provide a clear path for mapping of biology with the genomes. Based on these findings, we initiated complete genome sequencing of the Israel vaccine strain (although not currently funded by BARD) and plant to proceed with a comparative genomics approach using already sequenced wild-type A. marginale. These findings and ongoing collaborative research tie together filed vaccine experience with new genomic data, providing a new approach to vaccine development against a complex pathogen.