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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « ARLD model »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 4 mai 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "ARLD model"

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Yadav, Dipesh Kumar, Qi Zhang, Xueli Bai, Enliang Li et Tingbo Liang. « Liver Transplantation for Alcohol-Related Liver Disease (ARLD) : An Update on Controversies and Considerations ». Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2020 (17 septembre 2020) : 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8862152.

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According to the recent data from the United Network for Organ Sharing database, alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD) accounts to be the most common indication of liver transplantation (LT) waiting lists in the United States among men without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is serious and the life-threatening form of ARLD and should be treated timely. However, the LT for severe AH remained to be controversial among the transplant community because of marked interests about the constrained organ supply and the hazard that the AH liver recipient will return to risky drinking. Early LT for ARLD refers for a patient with severe AH undergoing LT who are non-responder to medical treatments. These patients are generally on the existing waiting list but usually followed by 6-month duration of alcohol abstinence. However, the rule of 6-month alcohol abstinence need before the LT is ambiguous. The 6-month alcohol abstinence was consistently defended in light of the compelling fact that it would enable patients to recoup from the intense impacts of alcohol to the liver. In routine, however, the purported “6-month abstinence rule” turned into a surrogate for the forecast of future drinking by ARLD patients for the LT. Careful consideration should be given to the alcohol use disorder of craving and the hazard for recidivism after the LT. As for the current situation, there, urgently, is a specific need of standardized criteria for the evaluation of patients with severe AH for earlier LT. Moreover, further studies are required precisely to develop an accurate prediction model for posttransplant alcohol recidivism. Additionally, development of a standardized protocol for post-LT follow-up and management is further needed. We carefully outlined the published experience with the LT for ARLD in this review.
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Chou, Chun-Mei, Tsu-Chi Shen, Tsu-Chuan Shen, Chien-Hua Shen et Tzu-Ling Liu. « LEARNING EFFECTIVENESS AMONG TERTIARY STUDENTS USING AUGMENTED REALITY (AR)-BASED FOR ADAPTING TO INDUSTRY 4.0 ». MATTER : International Journal of Science and Technology 9 (30 décembre 2023) : 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/mijst.2023.9.127141.

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This study aimed to explore the correlation among AR-based learning effectiveness (ARLE), AR learning beliefs (ARLB), creative learning self-efficacy (CLS), and AR learning motivation (ARLM) of tertiary students in Taiwan. Participants had 378 tertiary students who from 15 school, and used path analysis model of the structural equation model (SEM) based on the questionnaire survey. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between the AR Learning Beliefs (ARLB) and AR Learning Motivation (ARLM) of tertiary student. It is found that higher correlation between ARLB, ARLM and Creative Learning Self-Efficacy (CLS). There was a significant positive correlation between ARLE and ARLB, and can effectively explain ARLE. This study confirms that CLS is an important factor and an impact mediating factor between ARLB and ARLM. In addition, CLS can also influence ARLE through ARLM.
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Mutmainah, Isbandriyati. « The Impact of Final Demand arld Prices on Indonesia's Total - Import : Cointegration and Error Correction Model Analysis ». Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia 9, no 2 (1 janvier 2009) : 109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21002/jepi.v9i2.161.

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This research is aimed to investigate the influence of final demand and price to Indonesian agregate imports in the long-run and short-run. We use analytical technique cointegration test Iohansen procedures for the long-term influence, and Error Correction Model to estimate the short-term influence, by using quarterly time series data period from_1980 to 2004. From the result of cointegration test and Error Correction Model we found that in the long-term, all of final demand components and price except private investment are important I in determining Indonesian agregate imports. The government expenditure variable has the highest influence, while in the short-term all of independent variables except private consumption are important in determining Indonesian agregate imports and foreign price variable has the highest influence.
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Asante Antwi, Henry, Lulin Zhou, Xinglong Xu et Tehzeeb Mustafa. « A Comparative Analysis of Impact of Universal Two-Child Policy on Maternity Insurance Fund in Jiangsu Province and Guangxi Zhuang AR ». Healthcare 9, no 4 (15 avril 2021) : 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9040468.

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The maternity insurance fund in some provinces in China has accumulated unprecedented deficit levels. This imminent depletion can cause a catastrophic health crisis for maternal health. This study analyzed the post-policy impact of key factors on maternity insurance income inflow and outflow in Jiangsu Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (AR). We applied Pasera’s ARLD model and VECM Granger Causality Test to establish long- and short-term impact of selected factors that determines the income and expenditure of the maternity insurance fund in the two regions based on data from 2011 to 2019. Our results show that the addition of new births due to the universal two-child policy has increased the per capita utilization of the maternity insurance fund in both areas. We further observed that the impact of the maternity insurance contribution rate to the maternity insurance fund decays with time giving a long-run limited impact in both provinces. Thus the positive impact is stronger in the short term, but in the long term, its influence or contribution to stability of the funds reduces. The positive impact of interest from investment in the maternity insurance fund is however insignificant in both provinces, giving a major cause for concern on its role in maternity insurance fund income generation. In the short term, the contribution rate of the maternity insurance fund must be adjusted upward or the payment base expanded to receive additional contribution from all employees to avoid complete depletion of the fund. In the long term, we recommend the need to replenish the maternity insurance funds through proper investment options for the funds. We further recommend the need to look for other sources of funding social interventions based on existing practices in other countries.
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Mirović, Vera, Branimir Kalaš et Milica Inđić. « The determinants of government expenditures in Serbia : The application of ARDL model ». Anali Ekonomskog fakulteta u Subotici, no 00 (2023) : 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/aneksub2300020m.

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Government expenditures represent one of the most important issues for policymakers both in ordinary and extraordinary conditions. The aim of this paper is to estimate and identify the effects of selected macroeconomic determinants on government expenditures in Serbia from 2002 to 2020. Using the ARDL technique, the empirical findings confirmed that there is a long-run relationship between gross domestic product, government revenues, inflation, and population size and government expenditures for the observed period. The significant and positive effects of explanatory variables are confirmed in the long run, except for inflation, whose impact is not significant in the short run. Specifically, GDP growth, higher inflation rate, greater government revenues and population contribute to the higher government expenditures level. The obtained findings give certain directions to fiscal authorities in creating and defining optimal government expenditures level in the context of influences of chosen macroeconomic variables.
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Lee, Kyung Hee, et Kyung Soo Kim. « Estimation of Tourism Demand using ARDL model ». Korean Corporation Management Review 24, no 4 (31 août 2017) : 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21052/kcmr.2017.24.4.03.

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Mas, André, et Besnik Pumo. « The ARHD model ». Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 137, no 2 (février 2007) : 538–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jspi.2005.12.006.

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Fazli, S., et H. Noor. « Storm-wise sediment yield prediction using hillslope erosion model in semi-arid abundant lands ». Soil and Water Research 8, No. 1 (6 février 2013) : 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/27/2012-swr.

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Evaluation of soil erosion by existing models is needed as an important tool for managerial purposes in designation of proper water and soil conservation techniques. The present study aimed to assess the applicability of hillslope erosion model (HEM) as one of the newest erosion models for prediction of storm-wise sediment yield in Khosbijan rangeland with 20% slope steepness by using soil erosion standard plots. In order to run the model, runoff depth, land surface cover, soil texture, slope steepness and length were determined for 16 storm events. The results showed that the uncalibrated HEM did not simulate the observed sediment yields properly. Calibration of soil erodibility parameter and developing regression between observed and estimated data indicated that the model was capable of predicting sediment yield in plots by applying soil erodibility parameter of 0.15 with determination coefficient of 0.64 and estimate error of 40%. 
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Rodrigues, Regiane Lopes, et Michele Veríssimo. « Evidências de desindustrialização setorial no Brasil : uma análise por modelos ARDL ». Economia e Sociedade 32, no 2 (mai 2023) : 355–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-3533.2023v32n2art05.

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Resumo A literatura kaldoriana argumenta que o processo de desindustrialização reduz o potencial de crescimento econômico no longo prazo. Assim, identificar suas causas é de suma importância para a formulação de políticas eficazes. Este artigo investiga as causas de desindustrialização no Brasil em uma perspectiva setorial, com base no conceito de desindustrialização pela reprimarização da economia, cuja perda de participação dos setores industriais nas exportações é justificada, sobretudo, pelos preços das commodities e pela apreciação cambial. Para tanto, são estimados modelos Autorregressivos de Defasagens Distribuídas (ARDL), com dados de 2002 a 2021. Visto que os efeitos das variáveis analisadas são discrepantes entre os setores, os resultados sinalizam que a desindustrialização no Brasil é heterogênea, tanto entre as categorias por intensidade tecnológica quanto entre os setores individuais. Todavia, os efeitos negativos de curto e longo prazos da valorização dos preços das commodities observado em diversos setores corroboram a hipótese de reprimarização da economia.
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Chananet, C., S. Sukparungsee et Y. Areepong. « The ARL of EWMA Chart for Monitoring ZINB Model Using Markov Chain Approach ». International Journal of Applied Physics and Mathematics 4, no 4 (2014) : 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijapm.2014.v4.290.

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Thèses sur le sujet "ARLD model"

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Hlongwane, Tshembhani Mackson. « The effect of South African public debt on economic growth : An ARDL cointegration approach from 1961-2017 ». University of Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7927.

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Magister Commercii - MCom
This study investigates the effect of public debt on economic growth in South Africa since 1961-2017. Public debt stock is disaggregated into external debt and domestic debt in order to determine the effect of each on economic growth independently. The study employed the ARDL bound test to estimate the long and short run relationship among several macroeconomic variables - real economic growth, domestic debt, external debt, budget deficit, inflation rate and investment. An error correction model was used to analyses the short-run disequilibrium. The results show that there is a short and long run equilibrium relationship between foreign debt, domestic debt, budget deficit, inflation rate and economic growth. The empirical results indicate that external debt negatively affects the real GDP growth in South Africa, both in the short and long-run. Several policy implications emerged from the empirical results. To keep public debt more manageable, South Africa should improve its debt management. Furthermore, the country can make use of debt to equity swaps by privatizing underperforming parastatals. This would make them competitive and efficient.
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Nacanabo, Amade. « Impact des chocs climatiques sur la sécurité alimentaire dans les pays sahéliens : approches macroéconomiques et microéconomiques ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOUL2007.

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Utilisé très souvent de façon métaphorique pour désigner les franges méridionales du Sahara, le Sahel du fait de sa position géographique est une région vulnérable au changement climatique. L’agriculture est fortement pluviale et largement dépendante des conditions climatiques. La prise en compte du changement climatique est indispensable dans la réalisation de la sécurité alimentaire au Sahel. En alliant travaux empiriques et théoriques, cette thèse se propose de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension de l’incidence du changement climatique sur la sécurité alimentaire au Sahel au niveau microéconomique et macroéconomique. Le premier chapitre examine au niveau macroéconomique, la situation de la sécurité alimentaire au Sahel, après avoir analysé son dynamisme démographique. Les résultats de ce chapitre montrent que le Sahel n’a pas encore entamé sa transition démographique. Le taux de croissance démographique est élevé par rapport à la moyenne de l’Afrique subsaharienne. La sous-alimentation est en baisse mais reste prégnante dans cette région. Réduire la sous-alimentation passe nécessairement par la production agricole, qui est tributaire des aléas climatiques. Le deuxième chapitre s’intéresse donc aux effets du changement climatique sur les rendements de certaines cultures (mil, sorgho et maïs) au Sahel. Les résultats indiquent que le changement climatique a un impact globalement négatif sur les rendements agricoles au Sahel. Cette analyse au niveau macroéconomique est ensuite complétée par deux chapitres qui, à un niveau microéconomique, se focalisent sur le comportement des agriculteurs au Sahel. Le troisième chapitre cherche ainsi à analyser l’impact des chocs climatiques mesurés par la perception des agriculteurs sur l’inefficience des parcelles agricoles. Il ressort de cette étude que les chocs climatiques augmentent l’inefficience des parcelles agricoles. A travers la baisse des rendements et l’inefficience des parcelles, le changement climatique peut affecter la pauvreté et la vulnérabilité alimentaire des ménages agricoles burkinabés. A cet effet, le quatrième chapitre identifie les déterminants individuels et contextuels de la pauvreté et la vulnérabilité alimentaire des ménages agricoles burkinabés. Les résultats relèvent qu’en plus des caractéristiques individuelles du ménage agricole comme sa taille ou le niveau d’éducation du chef du ménage, le contexte climatique de résidence permet d’expliquer sa pauvreté et vulnérabilité alimentaire
Often used metaphorically to refer to the southern fringes of the Sahara, the Sahel's geographical position makes it a region vulnerable to climate change. Agriculture is highly rain-fed and largely dependent on climatic conditions. If food security is to be achieved in the Sahel, climate change must be taken into account. By combining empirical and theoretical work, this thesis aims to contribute to a better understanding of the impact of climate change on food security in the Sahel at the microeconomic and macroeconomic levels. The first chapter examines the food security situation in the Sahel at the macroeconomic level, after analysing its demographic dynamism. The results of this chapter show that the Sahel has not yet begun its demographic transition. The demographic growth rate is high compared with the average for sub-Saharan Africa. Undernourishment is on the decline, but remains prevalent in the region. Reducing undernourishment necessarily involves agricultural production, which is dependent on the vagaries of the climate. The second chapter therefore looks at the effects of climate change on the yields of certain crops (millet, sorghum and maize) in the Sahel. The results indicate that climate change is having an overall negative impact on agricultural yields in the Sahel. This analysis at the macroeconomic level is then supplemented by two chapters which, at the microeconomic level, focus on the behaviour of farmers in the Sahel. The third chapter seeks to analyse the impact of climatic shocks, as measured by farmers' perceptions, on the inefficiency of agricultural plots. This study shows that climatic shocks increase the inefficiency of agricultural plots. Through lower yields and plot inefficiency, climate change may affect the poverty and food vulnerability of Burkinabé farming households. To this end, the fourth chapter identifies the individual and contextual determinants of poverty and food vulnerability among farming households in Burkina Faso. The results show that, in addition to the individual characteristics of farm households, such as their size or the level of education of the head of household, the climatic context in which they live helps to explain their poverty and food vulnerability
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Torres, Luís Filipe Nunes Pardal Esteves. « Modelling the demand for military expenditure in Portugal ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6540.

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Mestrado em Economia
Throughout history, countries from all over the world have devoted a considerable amount of resources to produce security. This evidence has motivated a growing number of studies that examine the determinants of the demand for military expenditure. Albeit the difficulty to develop a general theoretical framework and the inexistence of a standard empirical approach to model the demand for military expenditure, it is an important issue to understand which factors may influence the military expenditure demand function of a country. The aim of this dissertation is to find out the main variables affecting the Portuguese military expenditure taking into account a comprehensive set of economic, strategic and political determinants. For this goal, a military expenditures demand model is constructed for the period 1960–2010 employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound testing cointegration approach. The results suggest that the Portuguese defence spending is determined by the country´s economic performance, allies‟ defence speeding and security considerations. As far as the domestic political environment is concerned, the dominant ideology of the party in power seems to be insignificant, while the transition to a democratic regime is considered a relevant determinant with a negative effect on the military expenditure.
Ao longo da história, países de todo o mundo têm empenhado uma quantidade considerável de recursos para produzir segurança. Esta constatação tem motivado um número crescente de estudos sobre as possíveis variáveis explicativas da despesa militar. Apesar da dificuldade em estabelecer um quadro teórico de referência e da inexistência de uma abordagem empírica padronizada para determinar a procura de despesa militar, revela-se importante compreender quais as variáveis que influenciam a despesa militar de um país. O objetivo deste trabalho é aferir quais as principais fatores que poderão determinar a despesa militar de Portugal, tendo em conta um amplo conjunto de variáveis de natureza económica, estratégica e política. A prossecução deste objetivo assenta na construção de uma equação de procura para a despesa militar portuguesa, para o período compreendido entre 1960 e 2010, através de um modelo uniequacional ARDL. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a despesa militar em Portugal é determinada pelo desempenho económico, pelo gasto militar de países aliados e por considerações relativas à perceção das condições de segurança. No que respeita à influência do ambiente político, a ideologia dominante do partido em funções no Governo surge como não significante, ao passo que a transição para um regime democrático é considerada uma variável relevante, com um efeito negativo sobre as despesas militares.
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Popp, Alexander. « An integrated modelling approach for sustainable management of semi-arid and arid rangelands ». Phd thesis, kostenfrei, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1510/.

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Hagi-Bishow, Mohamed. « Assessment of LEACHM-C model for semi-arid saline irrigation ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0007/MQ44178.pdf.

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Bryson, Louise Kay. « An erosion and sediment delivery model for semi-arid catchments ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2892.

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Sedimentation has become a significant environmental threat in South Africa as it intensifies water management problems in the water-scarce semi-arid regions of the country. As South Africa already allocates 98% of available water, the loss of storage capacity in reservoirs and degraded water quality has meant that a reliable water supply is compromised. The overall aim of this thesis was to develop a catchment scale model that represents the sediment dynamics of semi-arid regions of South Africa as a simple and practically applicable tool for water resource managers. Development of a conceptual framework for the model relied on an understanding of both the sediment dynamics of South African catchments and applicable modelling techniques. Scale was an issue in both cases as most of our understanding of the physical processes of runoff generation and sediment transport has been derived from plot scale studies. By identifying defining properties of semi-arid catchments it was possible to consider how temporal and spatial properties at higher levels emerged from properties at lower levels. These properties were effectively represented by using the Pitman rainfall-runoff model disaggregated to a daily timescale, the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE) model incorporating probability function theory and through the representation of sediment storages across a semi-distributed catchment. The model was tested on two small and one large study catchment in the Karoo, South Africa, with limited observed data. Limitations to the model were found to be the large parameter data set and the dominance of structural constraints with an increase in catchment size. The next steps in model development will require a reduction of the parameter data set and an inclusion of an in-stream component for sub-catchments at a larger spatial scale. The model is applicable in areas such as South Africa where water resource managers need a simple model at the catchment scale in order to make decisions. This type of model provides a simple representation of the stochastic nature of erosion and sediment delivery over large spatial and temporal scales.
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Imam, Bisher 1960. « Evaluation of disaggregation model in arid land stream flow generation ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277033.

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A Disaggregation model was tested for arid land stream flow generating. The test was performed on data from Black River, near Fort Apache, Arizona. The model was tested in terms of preserving the relevant historical statistics on both monthly and daily levels, the monthly time series were disaggregated to a random observation of their daily components and the daily components were then reaggregated to yield monthly values. A computer model (DSGN) was developed to perform the model implementation. The model was written and executed on the Macintosh plus personal computer Data from two months were studied; the October data represented the low flow season, while the April data represented the high flow season. Twenty five years of data for each month was used. The generated data for the two months was compared with the historical data.
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Verstraete, Michel M. « A soil-vegetation-atmospere model for microclimatological research in arid regions ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/57626.

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Thesis (Sc. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, 1985.
Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science.
Bibliography: leaves 163-167.
by Michel M. Verstraete.
Sc.D.
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Washburne, James Clarke. « A distributed surface temperature and energy balance model of a semi-arid watershed ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186800.

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A simple model of surface and sub-surface soil temperature was developed at the watershed scale (-100 km²) in a semi-arid rangeland environment. The model consisted of a linear combination of air temperature and net radiation and assumed: (1) topography controls the spatial distribution of net radiation, (2) near-surface air temperature and incoming solar radiation are relatively homogeneous at the watershed scale and are available from ground stations and (3) soil moisture dominates transient soil thermal property variability. Multiplicative constants were defined to account for clear sky diffuse radiation, soil thermal inertia, an initially fixed ratio between soil heat flux and net radiation and exponential attenuation of solar radiation through a partial canopy. The surface temperature can optionally be adjusted for temperature and emissivity differences between mixed bare soil and vegetation canopies. Model development stressed physical simplicity and commonly available spatial and temporal data sets. Slowly varying surface characteristics, such as albedo, vegetation density and topography were derived from a series of Landsat TM images and a 7.5" USGS digital elevation model at a spatial resolution of 30 m. Diurnally variable atmospheric parameters were derived from a pair of ground meteorological stations using 30-60 min averages. One site was used to drive the model, the other served as a control to estimate model error. Data collected as part of the Monsoon '90 and WG '92 field experiments over the ARS Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in SE Arizona were used to validate and test the model. Point, transect and spatially distributed values of modeled surface temperature were compared with synchronous ground, aircraft and satellite thermal measurements. There was little difference between ground and aircraft measurements of surface reflectance and temperature which makes aircraft transects the preferred method to "ground truth" satellite observations. Mid-morning modeled surface temperatures were within 2° C of observed values at all but satellite scales, where atmospheric water vapor corrections complicate the determination of accurate temperatures. The utility of satellite thermal measurements and models to study various ground phenomena (e.g. soil thermal inertia and surface energy balance) were investigated. Soil moisture anomalies were detectable, but were more likely associated with average near-surface soil moisture levels than individual storm footprints.
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ARRAS, CLAUDIO. « THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING AND GROUNDWATER MODEL CALIBRATION FOR MANAGED AQUIFER RECHARGE (MAR) TECHNIQUES IN ARID AND SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENTS ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/249703.

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Intrinsic ecological fragility of drylands and increasing anthropic pressures, which often relate to the unsustainable management of groundwater resources, are leading factors in desertification processes. Natural processes alone could not be enough to regenerate those fragile environments from degradation, and it is necessary the corrective interference of local and international communities. In this perspective, the WADIS-MAR Project (www.wadismar.eu) has been funded by the European Community in the frame of the SWIM Programme (www.swim-sm.eu) and started implementation. The aim of the Project was to enable local communities to manage groundwater resources through the application of sustainable agricultural practices and the implementation of water harvesting techniques and MAR systems. The Biskra and Batna region (Algeria) and the Jeffara of Medenine (Tunisia) are the two intervention areas selected in the frame of the Project because characterised by overexploitation of groundwater resources and are highly exposed to desertification processes. The main objective of the present research was the development of a methodology for the hydrogeological characterisation of the Biskra and Batna region finalised to the study of sustainable systems for the management of groundwater resources that could be reply in similar context. The first phase of the research has focused on the collection of literature data, freely released satellite datasets, and field measures carried out by local partners. Collected data were verified, organised within a geodatabase, preprocessed and then imported into a geo-modeler software for the realisation of two 3-D hydrogeological models. The regional scale model extends over the South-western slope of the Aures mountains. 14 and 6 geological cross sections at 1:200.000 and 1:50.000 scale respectively, were realised perpendicular to the main geological structures and integrated with hydrogeological information to obtain the hydrogeological conceptual model of the Biskra and Batna region. From its analysis emerged that: 1) interference between two main fold systems generates dome and basins geometries constituting large storage areas; 2) groundwater recharge can occur in the Aures mountains where the hydrogeological units crop out; 3) a complex faults system influences the groundwater circulation allowing the communication among various aquifers and acting as preferred pathway for groundwater rises towards the surface. The local scale model was developed to define the geometries of the Infèro-Flux phreatic aquifer, near the city of Biskra. 19 geological cross sections were realised at 1:10.000 scale and perpendicular to the groundwater flow direction by integrating geological information into a geomorphological interpretation of the river system. Results show that the aquifer morphology is characterised by an asymmetric geometry of the confining bed and maximum deposit depth of 50 metres. The volume of the alluvium was also estimated and corresponds to 83 Mm3. The conceptual model of the Inféro-Flux aquifer was developed by integrating the hydrogeological and hydrological data into the local scale 3-D model and used to develop a groundwater flow numerical model to estimate the hydraulic conductivity parameter and to obtain quantitative information about the system dynamics. A first hydrogeological dataset was used for the automated calibration of the Kx parameter through the PEST. Resulting values range between 0.00019 and 0.00869 m/s and are coherent with braided stream deposits. A second hydrogeological dataset was used to validate the calibration results. Groundwater budget was compared to the hydrological balance. Results suggest that infiltration alone is not sufficient to allow the simulated inflow from the northern head boundary. Therefore, it is reasonable to consider a further source of alimentation for the Inféro-Flux aquifer. Low residual values confirm the consistency of the numerical model
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Livres sur le sujet "ARLD model"

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Groundwater modelling in arid and semi-arid areas. New York : Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Howard, Wheater, Sorooshian Soroosh et Sharma K. D. 1950-, dir. Hydrological modelling in arid and semi-arid areas. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2008.

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Howard, Wheater, Sorooshian Soroosh et Sharma K. D. 1950-, dir. Hydrological modelling in arid and semi-arid areas. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2008.

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Salugin, A. N. Matematicheskie modeli dinamiki i prognoza ėvoli︠u︡t︠s︡ii aridnykh ėkosistem. Volgograd : VNIALMI, 2006.

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Hromadka, Theodore V. Hydrologic modeling for the arid southwest United States. Mission Viejo, CA : Lighthouse Publications, 1996.

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Khazai, Esmail. A conceptual model representing arid regions catchment with emphasis on groundwater recharge. Birmingham : University of Birmingham, 1997.

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1949-, Gísli Pálsson, et Workshop on Symbols and Resource Management in African Arid Lands (1989 : Helsinki, Finland), dir. From water to world-making : African models and arid lands. Uppsala : Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1990.

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Miller, Mark Eugene. The structure and functioning of dryland ecosystems--conceptual models to inform long-term ecological monitoring. Reston, Va : U.S. Geological Survey, 2005.

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Agoramoorthy, Govindasamy. Sadguru model of rural development mitigates climate change in India's drylands. New Delhi : Daya Publishing House, a division of Astral International Pvt. Ltd., 2015.

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S, Kingwell R., et Pannell D. J, dir. MIDAS, a bioeconomic model of a dryland farm system. Wageningen, Netherlands : Pudoc, 1987.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "ARLD model"

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Timmermann, Barbara N., et Joseph J. Hoffmann. « Resins from Grindelia : a model for renewable resources in arid environments ». Dans Plants for Arid Lands, 357–68. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6830-4_26.

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Gałecki, Andrzej, et Tomasz Burzykowski. « ARMD Trial : Linear Model with Homogeneous Variance ». Dans Springer Texts in Statistics, 113–21. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3900-4_6.

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Gałecki, Andrzej, et Tomasz Burzykowski. « ARMD Trial : Linear Model with Heterogeneous Variance ». Dans Springer Texts in Statistics, 159–73. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3900-4_9.

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Arsene, Corneliu T. C., Paulo J. Lisboa et Elia Biganzoli. « Model Selection with PLANN-CR-ARD ». Dans Advances in Computational Intelligence, 210–19. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21498-1_27.

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Saber, Mohamed, Sameh A. Kantoush, Mohammed Abdel-Fattah, Tetsuya Sumi, Jose Andres Moya et Karim Abdrabo. « Flash Flood Modeling and Mitigation in Arid and Semiarid Basins : Case Studies from Oman and Brazil ». Dans Natural Disaster Science and Mitigation Engineering : DPRI reports, 355–81. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2904-4_13.

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AbstractThe behaviors and impacts of flash floods (FF) are different based on the climatic regions. To understand such difference, two case studies were selected for the analysis: Wadi Uday, Oman and Sume Basin, Paraiba, Brazil. The rainfall-runoff inundation model (RRI) was used to simulate the discharge and flood inundation of the recent flood events to understand the severity and frequency of flash floods to better assess the current mitigation measures. The current FF situations in arid and semiarid basins were analyzed, and the hazards associated with flood phenomenon were assessed for various calculated rainfall return periods using RRI model. To this end, a flash flood index (average water depth per total basin area) was calculated as a basis to understand the impact of flash floods. A coupling of this index with the FF histories was included to provide a comprehensive overview of the FF vulnerability of arid and semiarid basins. We concluded that FFs tend to be more severe and extreme in arid regions than in semiarid regions, despite the lower frequency of FFs and the water scarcity in arid regions. Distributed dams also proved to be more effective in preventing FFs in arid regions than in semiarid regions.
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Rushton, K. R. « Numerical and Conceptual Models for Recharge Estimation in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones ». Dans Estimation of Natural Groundwater Recharge, 223–38. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7780-9_14.

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Montenegro, Gloria, Miguel Gómez, Ana Maria Mujica et Barbara N. Timmermann. « Theoretical Models for Regeneration of Medicinal Plants and Their Application in Sustainable Wild-Harvesting ». Dans Conserving Biodiversity in Arid Regions, 275–89. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0375-0_19.

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du Plessis, Erna, Tilahun Workneh et Mark Laing. « Greenhouse Cooling Systems and Models for Arid Climate ». Dans Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, 181–215. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21629-4_6.

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Sharief, S. M. V., et Mohammad Zakwan. « Groundwater Remediation Design Strategies Using Finite Element Model ». Dans Groundwater Resources Development and Planning in the Semi-Arid Region, 107–27. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68124-1_6.

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Najafi, Payam, et Kamran Asgari. « Forecasting Crop Water Requirement By Et-Hs model For Arid and Semi Arid Region of Iran ». Dans IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 529–36. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0209-2_54.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "ARLD model"

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Peng, Hongchun, Haiying Li, Xin Li, Wanchang Zhang et Yanhua Chen. « Mapping LAI using BRDF model in arid and semi-arid Northwestern China ». Dans Remote Sensing, sous la direction de Manfred Ehlers et Ulrich Michel. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.689641.

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Kinanu, Grace Safari, Dasel Wambua Mulwa Kaindi, Prof Wambui Kogi-Makau et Dr Diana Mwendwa Marangu. « Pearl Millet and Honey Bee Brood : A Systematic Review on Nutritional Composition, and Other Characteristics with Combination Advantage to Model A Supplement ». Dans 3rd International Nutrition and Dietetics Scientific Conference. KENYA NUTRITIONISTS AND DIETICIANS INSTITUTE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-f.s.d.h.l-16.

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Pearl millet is one of the crops that thrive well in the Arid and semi-Arid lands (ASALs). However, its utilization, market, and processing are limited. Honey bee brood similarly, is also producible in the ASALs. However, though the duo is readily consumed as food, little processing is evident especially in relation to ASALs. From the previous literature, untapped potential for food security exists provided enhanced production, processing and utilization of these products in ASALs. However, there is limited systemic reviews on characteristics of pearl millet and honey bee brood. This systemic literature review was aimed at determination of the biochemical, nutritional and sensory characteristics as well strengths and weaknesses for combination of the two to form a supplement for treatment of moderate wasting among children The study concluded that both pearl millet and honey bee brood are consumed worldwide as food. Twenty-six studies were included in this study. Pearl millet was presented to have high calorie, high protein, and balanced micronutrients. Honey bee brood was described as rich in amino acids and fats. Combining the two in conventional diet would provide adequate nutrients for humans when utilized for food. Due to the presence of high contents of balanced amino acids, especially leucine, histidine, high calorie nature in pearl millet and bee brood, the two can be formulated to a supplement which can cause weight gain and cure in moderate wasting. Keywords: Pearl Millet, Honey Bee Brood, Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, Moderate wasting, Supplementary Foods.
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Hou, Danlin, Ibrahim Galal Hassan et Liangzhu (Leon) Wang. « Bayesian Inference Calibration of Building Energy Models for Arid Weather ». Dans ASME 2021 Verification and Validation Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/vvs2021-65256.

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Abstract The building sector accounts for nearly 40% of global energy consumption and plays a critical role in societal energy security and sustainability. A building energy model (BEM) simulates complex building physics and provides insights into various energy-saving measures’ performance. The analysis based on BEMs has become an essential approach to slowing down increasing building energy consumption. The reliability and accuracy of BEMs have a high impact on decision-making. However, how to calibrate a building energy model has remained a challenge. In this study, Bayesian inference was applied to the calibration of an office building model under the arid weather conditions of Doha, Qatar. The coefficient of variation with a root-mean-square error of calibration and validation are 1.1% and 1.5%, respectively, which is highly satisfied with the monthly calibration tolerance of 15% required by ASHRAE Guideline 14. Additionally, the calibrated parameter results are with probabilities and degrees of confidence, so they are more reasonable and comprehensive than traditional deterministic calibration methods. This study conducted a sensitivity analysis to select the model’s dominant parameters under hot/arid weather conditions. This study will be among the first studies of stochastic calibration based on Bayesian inference for building energy performances in arid weather.
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Alhamad, Mohammad N., et Shefaa M. Abdullah. « MODELING OF RANGELAND ECOSYSTEMS IN NORTHERN JORDAN ». Dans 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/3.1/s12.12.

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Grasslands is globally important vegetation type for providing feed resources for grazing animals. An improved understanding of the factors affecting the long-term productivity of the ecosystems will be beneficial, as well as to developing a better understanding of the role these ecosystems play in global environmental change. Arid and semi-arid Mediterranean grasslands provide valuable forage for grazing animals in the eastern part of the Mediterranean area and have been subjected to long-term unsustainable grazing practices, leading to degeneration of productivity and impacts plant community structure. The present study aimed to discover the validity of using Phytomass Growth Simulator Model (Phygrow) to simulate arid grassland ecosystems. The purpose is to build a Phygrow simulation model that can accurately estimate important eco-hydrological processes in arid grassland ecosystems. The weather parameter was taken from the NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). Important vegetation parameters and other key processes were simulated during the period 1981�2021 using the Phygrow model. The simulation was conducted for a grassland community within the Jordan University of Science and Technology JUST Campus. The model was able to reproduce all the general trends found in the study area, where peak growth is reached during the spring and ceased during the summer for annual spring growing species. The model has been successfully able to simulate leaf area index, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, leaf water storage, water stress, and temperature stress from 1981 to 2021.
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Sun, Yuan, Xing-fa Gu, Tao Yu, Feng Zhao, Xing-feng Chen, Hai-liang Gao et Juan Li. « Research on 3D canopy's reflectance model of semi-arid grassland ». Dans IGARSS 2010 - 2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2010.5652658.

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Balajee, J., U. Kumaran B. Haritha, Appakonda Srinadh Reddy, Kompalli Mounika et K. Siva Kumar. « Pulmonary Chest Nodule Detection through Adaptive Reinforcement Learning Model (ARLM) ». Dans 2023 Second International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Information and Communication Technologies (ICEEICT). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceeict56924.2023.10157008.

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Spooner, Thomas, et Rahul Savani. « Robust Market Making via Adversarial Reinforcement Learning ». Dans Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/633.

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We show that adversarial reinforcement learning (ARL) can be used to produce market marking agents that are robust to adversarial and adaptively-chosen market conditions. To apply ARL, we turn the well-studied single-agent model of Avellaneda and Stoikov [2008] into a discrete-time zero-sum game between a market maker and adversary. The adversary acts as a proxy for other market participants that would like to profit at the market maker's expense. We empirically compare two conventional single-agent RL agents with ARL, and show that our ARL approach leads to: 1) the emergence of risk-averse behaviour without constraints or domain-specific penalties; 2) significant improvements in performance across a set of standard metrics, evaluated with or without an adversary in the test environment, and; 3) improved robustness to model uncertainty. We empirically demonstrate that our ARL method consistently converges, and we prove for several special cases that the profiles that we converge to correspond to Nash equilibria in a simplified single-stage game.
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Jia, Bingyan, Danlin Hou, Liangzhu (Leon) Wang et Ibrahim Galal Hassan. « Estimation of Room-Level Cooling Energy in Hot/Arid Climate by Machine Learning-Based Approaches ». Dans ASME 2021 Verification and Validation Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/vvs2021-65272.

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Abstract Building energy models (BEM) are developed for understanding a building’s energy performance. A meta-model of the whole building energy analysis is often used for the BEM calibration and energy prediction. The literature review shows that studies with a focus on the development of room-level meta-models are missing. This study aims to address this research gap through a case study of a residential building with 138 apartments in Doha, Qatar. Five parameters, including cooling setpoint, number of occupants, lighting power density, equipment power density, and interior solar reflectance, are selected as input parameters to create ninety-six different scenarios. Three machine-learning models are used as meta-models to generalize the relationship between cooling energy and the model parameters, including Multiple Linear Regression, Support Vector Regression, and Artificial Neural Networks. The three meta-models’ prediction accuracies are evaluated by the Normalized Mean Bias Error (NMBE), Coefficient of Variation of the Root Mean Squared Error CV (RMSE), and R square (R2). The results show that the ANN model performs best. A new generic BEM is then established to validate the meta-model. The results indicate that the proposed meta-model is accurate and efficient in predicting the cooling energy in summer and transitional months for a building with a similar floor configuration.
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Balcılar, Mehmet, Harun Bal, Neşe Algan et Mehmet Demiral. « Turkey’s Export Performance : Examining the Main Determinants of Export Volume (1995-2012) ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00774.

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The main objective of this study is to investigate the short and the long run relationships between export performance proxied by export volume index and real effective exchange rate changes in Turkey using the aggregated quarterly data sets covering the period of 1995-2012. The other factors that are expected to affect export performance such as wage, foreign income, productivity, trend GDP and exchange rate volatility are also added to the model. The ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration is performed in the estimation process. The causalities among the variables in the model are determined based on the estimated ARDL models. The empirical results reveal that the variables of interest are cointegrated. Real effective exchange rate coefficient is significantly positive in the short run whereas negative in the long run and exchange rate volatility has no significant effect on export performance in contrast with theoretical expectations. Other evidences indicate that the recent export boom in Turkey can be explained by wages, productivity and world demand, rather than exchange rate changes. Consequently, findings suggest that policies that depressing wages and stimulating high productivity can help export sectors increase their export volume and competitiveness in Turkey.
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Hamid, Mohd Fahmi Abdul, et Ani Shabri. « Palm oil price forecasting model : An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach ». Dans THE 3RD ISM INTERNATIONAL STATISTICAL CONFERENCE 2016 (ISM-III) : Bringing Professionalism and Prestige in Statistics. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4982864.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "ARLD model"

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Dixon, Jason. An Evaluation of Unsaturated Flow Models in an Arid Climate. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), décembre 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/759261.

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Ziegler, Nancy, Nicholas Webb, John Gillies, Brandon Edward, George Nikolich, Justin Van Zee, Brad Cooper, Dawn Browning, Ericha Courtright et Sandra LeGrand. Plant phenology drives seasonal changes in shear stress partitioning in a semi-arid rangeland. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), septembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47680.

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Accurate representation of surface roughness in predictive models of aeolian sediment transport and dust emission is required for model accuracy. While past studies have examined roughness effects on drag partitioning, the spatial and temporal variability of surface shear velocity and the shear stress ratio remain poorly described. Here, we use a four-month dataset of total shear velocity (u*) and soil surface shear velocity (us*) measurements to examine the spatiotemporal variability of the shear stress ratio (R) before, during, and after vegetation green-up at a honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr.) shrub-invaded grassland in the Chihuahuan Desert, New Mexico, USA. Results show that vegetation green-up, the emergence of leaves, led to increased drag and surface aerodynamic sheltering and a reduction in us* and R magnitude and variability. We found that us* decreased from 20% to 5% of u* as the vegetation form drag and its sheltering effect increased. Similarly, the spatiotemporal variability of R was found to be linked directly to plant phenological phases. We conclude that drag partition schemes should incorporate seasonal vegetation change, via dynamic drag coefficients and/or R, to accurately predict the timing and magnitude of seasonal aeolian sediment fluxes.
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Linker, Raphael, Murat Kacira, Avraham Arbel, Gene Giacomelli et Chieri Kubota. Enhanced Climate Control of Semi-arid and Arid Greenhouses Equipped with Fogging Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, mars 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7593383.bard.

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The main objectives were (1) to develop, implement and validate control procedures that would make it possible to maintain year-round air temperature and humidity at levels suitable for crop cultivation in greenhouses operating in arid and semi-arid regions and (2) to investigate the influence of the operational flexibility of the fogging system on the performance of the system. With respect to the development of climate controllers, we developed a new control approach according to which ventilation is used to maintain the enthalpy of the greenhouse air and fogging is used to adjust the humidity ratio inside the greenhouse. This approach is suitable mostly for greenhouses equipped with mechanized ventilation, and in which the air exchange rate can be controlled with enough confidence. The development and initial validation of the controllers were performed in a small experimental greenhouses located at the Agricultural Research Organization and very good tracking were obtained for both air temperature and relative humidity (maximum mean deviations over a 10-min period with constant setpoints lower than 2.5oC and 5% relative humidity). The robust design approach used to develop the controllers made it possible to transfer successfully these controllers to a much larger semi-commercial greenhouse located in the much drier Arava region. After only minimal adjustments, which did not require lengthy dedicated experiments, satisfactory tracking of the temperature and humidity was achieved, with standard deviation of the tracking error lower than 1oC and 5% for temperature and relative humidity, respectively. These results should help promote the acceptance of modern techniques for designing greenhouse climate controllers, especially since given the large variety of greenhouse structures (shape, size, crop system), developing high performance site-specific controllers for each greenhouse is not feasible. In parallel to this work, a new cooling control strategy, which considers the contribution of humidification and cooling from the crop, was developed for greenhouses equipped with natural ventilation. Prior to the development of the cooling strategy itself, three evapotranspiration models were compared in terms of accuracy and reliability. The cooling strategy that has been developed controls the amount of fog introduced into the greenhouse as well as the percentage of vent openings based on the desired vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and enthalpy, respectively. Numerical simulations were used to compare the performance of the new strategy with a constant fogging rate strategy based on VPD, and on average, the new strategy saved 36% water and consumed 30% less electric energy. In addition, smaller air temperature and relative humidity fluctuations were achieved when using the new strategy. Finally, it was demonstrated that dynamically varying the fog rate and properly selecting the number of nozzles, yields additional water and electricity savings.
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Drysdale, Andrew W. U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) DESCENT Model Roadmap : Current Scope and Near-Term Extensions. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, août 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada589953.

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Palatiello, Brett, et Philip Pinkington. Government Deficits and Interest Rates : A Keynesian View. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, avril 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp183.

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We test the neoclassical loanable funds model which postulates that, ceteris paribus, government borrowing increases the long-term rate of interest. The empirical literature exploring such a connection remains largely mixed. We clarify the conflicting results by deploying an ARDL model to decompose the relationship in the United States into long and short-run effects across multiple measures of the government deficit and long-term interest rate. We find a tendency for changes in the deficit to increase long-term interest rates in the short run but the effect is reversed in the long run. We argue that these results are consistent with John Maynard Keynes’ view of the long-term rate as being heavily influenced by monetary policy, central bank credibility and market convention.
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Deb Pal, Barun, Shalander Kumar et Elias Khan Patan. Investment planning to minimize climate risk in agricultural production : An optimization model for a semi-arid region in India. Washington, DC : International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134192.

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Last, G. V., et V. J. Rohay. Refined conceptual model for the Volatile Organic Compounds-Arid Integrated Demonstration and 200 West Area Carbon Tetrachloride Expedited Response Action. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mars 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10151709.

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Whitehead, Martha, Dale Askey, Donna Bourne-Tyson, Karen Estlund, Susan Haigh, Claire Stewart, Kornelia Tancheva, Tyler Walters, Jennifer Muilenburg et Judy Ruttenberg. ARL/CARL Joint Task Force on Research Data Services : Final Report. Association of Research Libraries and Canadian Association of Research Libraries, juillet 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29242/report.arlcarlrdstaskforce2021.

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The Association of Research Libraries (ARL)/Canadian Association of Research Libraries (CARL) Joint Task Force on Research Data Services formed in 2020 with a two-fold purpose: (1) to demonstrate and commit to the roles research libraries have in stewarding research data and as part of institution-wide research support services and (2) to guide the development of resources for the ARL and CARL memberships in advancing their organizations as collaborative partners with respect to research data services in the context of FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) data principles and the US National Academies’ Open Science by Design framework. Research libraries will be successful in meeting these objectives if they act collectively and are deeply engaged with disciplinary communities. The task force formed three working groups of data practitioners, representing a wealth of expertise, to research the institutional landscape and policy environment in both the US and Canada. This report presents the task force’s recommendations for the roles of research libraries with regard to research data principles, policies, and approaches to managing research data. The report also offers strategies for discipline-specific research data approaches, priorities for automation of processes, economic models to scale and sustain shared resources, prioritization of research data to steward, and decision-making rubrics.
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Fuchs, Marcel, Ishaiah Segal, Ehude Dayan et K. Jordan. Improving Greenhouse Microclimate Control with the Help of Plant Temperature Measurements. United States Department of Agriculture, mai 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604930.bard.

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A model of the energy balance of a transpiring crop in a greenhouse was developed in a format suitable for use in climate control algorithms aimed at dissipating excess heat during the warm periods. The model's parameters use external climatic variables as input. It incorporates radiation and convective transfer functions related to the operation of control devices like shading screens, vents, fans and enhanced evaporative cooling devices. The model identified the leaf boundary-layer resistance and the leaf stomatal and cuticular resistance as critical parameters regulating the temperature of the foliage. Special experiments evaluated these variables and established their relation to environmental factors. The research established that for heat load conditions in Mediterranean and arid climates transpiring crops maintained their foliage temperature within the range allowing high productivity. Results specify that a water supply ensuring minimum leaf resistance to remain below 100 s m-1, and a ventilation rate of 30 air exchanges per hour, are the conditions needed to achieve self cooling. Two vegetable crops, tomato and sweet pepper fulfilled maintained their leaf resistance within the prescribed range at maturity, i.e., during the critical warm season. The research evaluates the effects of additional cooling obtained from wet pad systems and spray wetting of foliage.
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Moldovan, Paula, Sérgio Lagoa et Diana Mendes. The impact of Economic Policy Uncertainty on the real exchange rate : Evidence from the UK. DINÂMIA'CET-Iscte, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2021.06.

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The world economy has been punctuated by uncertainty as a result of the 2008 subprime crisis, the European sovereign debt crisis, Brexit, and the 2016 US presidential elections, to mention but a few of the reasons. This study explores how the UK real exchange rate reacts to economic policy uncertainty (EPU) shocks using monthly data for the period 1998 to 2020. We contribute to the literature by identifying the long-run and short-run impacts of EPU using a cointegrated ARDL model, and by studying a country that has been through periods of both relatively low and high uncertainty. Results confirm that EPU has an important effect in the long run by depreciating the exchange rate. In addition to urging policymakers and regulators to concentrate on the sometimes difficult task of keeping policy uncertainty to a minimum as a way of sustaining exchange rate stability and thus promoting long-term economic growth, further evidence is provided on exchange rate fundamentals.
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