Articles de revues : « Area drenata »

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Cień, Damian, Jacek Motyka et Kajetan d’Obyrn. « Zmiany natężenia przepływu w rzece Sztole (rejon olkuski) w warunkach drenażu górniczego ». Przegląd Geologiczny 70, n^o 10 (24 novembre 2022) : 761–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7306/2022.29.

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Stoyan Vergiev. « Detailed GIS mapping of communities of plants with conservation status and defining the touristic zones in the group "Kanarata and Quarry Drenaka" of the protected area "Pobiti Kamani" (Northeastern Bulgaria) ». GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 16, n^o 3 (30 septembre 2021) : 085–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.16.3.0269.

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The aims of the present study were: 1) to perform a detailed mapping of the distribution of conservationally significant (endemic, vulnerable, endangered and protected) plant species in the group "Kanarata and Quarry Drenaka" of the protected area "Pobiti Kamani" for 2020 yr in GIS environment; 2) based on the overlap of the distribution sites of plant species, to determine the "hot spots" of plant biodiversity, access to which should be limited in order to protect them and at the same time to identify areas with no or low concentration of conservationally important species in order to trace and mark the tourist paths in the protected area. In order to investigate the distribution of six plant communities, a detailed GIS mapping was performed. As a result of the study, detailed distribution maps of investigated species communities in Central Group were drawn. Special attention is paid to the zones where two or more communities were overlapped. The identification of the areas with concentration of conservation-significant species and localization of "hot spots" is crucial for protection management of the group "Kanarata and Quarry Drenaka" of the protected area "Pobiti Kamani". The model of "hot spots" and the model of overlapping are applicable and in combination with detailed distribution maps are fundamental for more successful protection and conservation. The suggested touristic zones with lack of conservation species can be used to trace and to construct environmentally friendly tourist trail and paths without destroying and harming the species, their habitats, and the aesthetic and recreational value of the landscapes.

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BYTYQI, Valbon Xh. « THE IMPACTS OF SETTLEMENT EXTENSION ON SOIL RESOURCES : A CASE STUDY IN DRENICA RIVER BASIN (KOSOVO) ». Media Komunikasi Geografi 19, n^o 1 (20 juillet 2018) : 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/mkg.v19i1.13951.

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Rapid extension of settlements in Kosovo has made major changes in land use and land cover. Migration of population towards plains has reduced the number of inhabitants in hilly-mountainous areas where low fertile soils are found. Significant part of agricultural land are changed from primary destination, and agricultural potentials are reduced. Urbanization in many cases is made in unplanned way, and in our study area in Drenica River basin are observed land degradation forms and other environmental transformations where in some cases the risk of flooding increased and floods appeared. This study about Drenica River basin will discuss aspects of the influence of morphology, water flows, and the land capability in the distribution of population, and will be a contribution to sustainable urbanization of settlements and agricultural land preservation. In order to accomplish the research are used satellite images, maps of different years, and the census data for the purpose of better coverage that has influence in the process of urbanization on soil resources in Drenica River basin (Kosovo).

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Depettris, Carlos A., Jorge V. Pilar, Hugo R. Rohrmann et Marcelo J. M. Gómez. « Análisis de precipitaciones extremas en el área metropolitana del Gran Resistencia ». Aqua-LAC 13, n^o 1 (31 mars 2021) : 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29104/phi-aqualac/2021-v13-1-01.

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En el año 2019, el Área Metropolitana del Gran Resistencia, conformada por las localidades de Resistencia, Barranqueras, Puerto Vilelas y Fontana, ha soportado precipitaciones extremas durante los meses de enero y abril, cuyas consecuencias fueron inundaciones en numerosos barrios del casco céntrico y de las áreas periféricas, con el consecuente deterioro de la infraestructura urbana y problemas ambientales como la diseminación incontrolada de basura con un colapso del sistema de conducción de líquidos cloacales. La ocurrencia de estos eventos extremos diarios, medidos en la Estación Campus Resistencia de la UNNE, han sido producto de un calentamiento extraordinario de la atmósfera en la región central de Sudamérica desde abril de 2018, un debilitamiento de los sistemas frontales de la región antártica y un sostenimiento del calentamiento superficial del Océano Atlántico, creándose un corredor libre de concentración de humedad en la región. Dadas las condiciones críticas que para la población y la infraestructura se generan en el AMGR ante la ocurrencia de los eventos mencionados, se consideró necesario realizar una estimación de la Precipitación Máxima Probable (PMP) para una duración diaria aplicando el criterio estadístico de Hershfield, lo que arrojó un valor para el Factor de Frecuencia Φ = 5, resultando como consecuencia una PMP diaria de 302.2 mm, monto que debería ser tenido en cuenta para llevar adelante el diseño de los planes de contingencia a incluir en un Plan Director de Drenaje Urbano que aún falta desarrollar para esta región.

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Kutllovci, Festim, et Islam Fejza. « Petrographic characteristics in the central part of Kosovo ». Mining of Mineral Deposits 15, n^o 4 (décembre 2021) : 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/mining15.04.139.

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Purpose. This paper aims to provide complete identification of rock types in the Drenas region by detailed description of all types of the rocks found. The authors intended to determine interruption or continuity of all inter-formational boundaries to accurately delineate them on the ground and fully reflect on the 1: 25000 scale map, as well as to identify the nature of contact between rock types and give its detailed description. Methods. During August, September, October of 2019, the exploration field trips were carried out. Geological survey works focused on the following areas: complete identification of all rock types on the basis of studying their samples, preparation of thin sections for petrographic (only the magmatic rock), chemical and geochemical analysis. Systematic measurement of structural elements was conducted alongside with identification and description of mineral outcrops areas. Findings. Based on the study of stratigraphic units and geological description of mineral outcrop areas, we identified different types of rocks using petrography microscope preparation and chemical and geochemical analysis. The area of Drenas has the following lithostratigraphic units: gabbro diabase, harzburgite, metasandstone. Originality. The originality of the study consists in the use of optical microscope for precise identification of rocks. As a result of the research conducted in the exploration area, we have obtained a clear petrographic description of minerals composition, their texture and mineralization, which allows assessing the possibility of the area exploitation. The analyses were completed at the certified laboratory of Geology-Mining Faculty (Polytechnic University of Tirana) and Geosciences Institute. Practical implications. Petrographic study and chemical analysis led to the conclusion that the research area has Ni mineralization, which is important for the development of mining sector and the community given the environment is preserved and the adequate way of the area exploitation is applied.

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Gonçalves, Gustavo Leite, Francimagne Ribeiro da Silva, Maria Rosimery de Carvalho, Sarah de Souza Cruz Mendonça et Joel Medeiros Bezerra. « ZONEAMENTO AMBIENTAL DA MICROBACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO AÇUDE DA CACHOEIRA – CEARÁ, BRASIL ». InterEspaço : Revista de Geografia e Interdisciplinaridade 5, n^o 19 (18 janvier 2020) : 202014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2446-6549.e202014.

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ENVIRONMENTAL ZONING OF MICRO WATERSHED AÇUDE DA CACHOEIRA – CEARÁ, BRAZILZONIFICACIÓN AMBIENTAL DE LA MICRO CUENCA HIDROGRÁFICA DEL AÇUDE DA CACHOEIRA – CEARÁ, BRASILRESUMOA bacia hidrográfica, considerada como um conjunto de terras drenadas por um corpo d’água principal e seus afluentes, representa a unidade mais apropriada para o estudo qualitativo e quantitativo dos recursos hídricos, sendo uma unidade ambiental que possibilita tratar dos componentes e da dinâmica das inter-relações necessárias ao planejamento e à gestão ambiental. Os impactos de degradação em bacias hidrográficas são advindos dos múltiplos usos, má gestão e ações antrópicas, sendo necessários o controle e a regulação de ocupação do solo visando à manutenção da qualidade, quantidade e regularidade da água para seus diversos usos. Dessa forma, o presente estudo teve por objetivo realizar a delimitação da Microbacia Açude da Cachoeira – MAC, localizada em maior parte no município de Aurora, estado do Ceará, bem como identificar e discutir dados gerais sobre a rede de drenagem, os parâmetros morfométricos, carta temática hidrográfica, relevo e Áreas de Preservação Permanente – APP’s. Os dados foram obtidos por meio do software gratuito QGIS com auxílio da ferramenta Google Earth Pro para a determinação da microbacia e rede de drenagem, além da delimitação das APP’s dos corpos hídricos e análise das potencialidades. Como resultados, constatou-se que a rede de drenagem da MAC apresenta baixa distribuição do escoamento, no qual oferece um menor risco a enchentes em picos de intensidades chuvosas. Além disso, seus canais de drenagem dispõem de um ordenamento hídrico de quarta ordem e seu escoamento global a classifica como uma bacia endorreica.Palavras-chave: Análise Morfométrica; Rede de Drenagem; Semiárido Brasileiro.ABSTRACTThe watershed, considered as a set of lands drained by a main body of water and its tributaries, represents the most appropriate unit for the qualitative and quantitative study of water resources, being an environmental unit that allows to treat the components and use the necessary interrelationships for environmental planning and management. The impacts of degradation in watersheds are the result of multiple uses, mismanagement and anthropic actions, requiring the control and regulation of land occupation in order to maintain the quality, quantity and regularity of water for its various uses. Thus, the present study aimed to delineate the Açude da Cachoeira watershed - ACMW, located mostly in the municipality of Aurora, Ceará state, as well as to identify and discuss general data about the drainage network, the morphometric parameters, hydrographic thematic chart, relief and Permanent Preservation Areas – PPA’s. The data were obtained through the free software QGIS with the aid of the Google Earth Pro tool for the determination of the micro watershed and drainage network, as well as the delimitation of water bodies PPA’s and potentiality analysis. As a result, it was found that the ACMW drainage network has low runoff distribution, which offers a lower risk of flooding at rainy peak. In addition, its drainage channels have a fourth order water structure and its global flow classifies it as an endorheic basin.Keywords: Morphometric Analysis; Drainage Network; Brazilian Semiarid.RESUMENLa cuenca hidrográfica, considerada como un conjunto de tierras drenadas por un cuerpo principal de agua y sus afluentes, representa la unidad más apropiada para el estudio cualitativo y cuantitativo de los recursos hídricos, siendo una unidad ambiental que permite tratar dos componentes de las interrelaciones dinámicas necesarias para la planificación y gestión ambiental. Los impactos de la degradación en las cuencas hidrográficas son el resultado de múltiples usos, mala gestión y acciones antrópicas, que requieren el control y la regulación de la ocupación de la tierra para mantener la calidad, cantidad y regularidad del agua para sus diversos usos. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo delinear la micro cuenca hidrográfica del Açude da cachoeira- MHAC, ubicada principalmente en el municipio de Aurora, estado de Ceará, así como identificar y discutir datos generales sobre la red de drenaje, los parámetros morfométricos, carta temática hidrográfica, relieve y áreas de preservación permanente - APP's. Los datos se obtuvieron a través del software gratuito QGIS con la ayuda de la herramienta Google Earth Pro para la determinación de la red de micro cuencas y drenaje, además de la delimitación de las aplicaciones de los cuerpos de agua y el análisis de las potencialidades. Como resultado, se descubrió que la red de drenaje MHAC tiene una baja distribución de escorrentía, lo que ofrece un menor riesgo de inundación en el pico lluvioso. Además, sus canales de drenaje tienen un ordenamiento hidrico de cuarto orden y su flujo global lo clasifica como una microcuenca endorreica.Palabras clave: Análisis Morfométrico; Red de Drenaje; Semiárido Brasileño.

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Fejza, Islam, Astrit Shala, Festim Kutllovci et Ahmet Tmava. « Petrographic and geochemical characteristics of rocks in the Drenas region, Kosovo ». Mining of Mineral Deposits 16, n^o 2 (30 juin 2022) : 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/mining16.02.110.

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Purpose. The paper purpose is to provide complete identification of rock types and the geochemical characteristics in the Drenas region. The authors seek to determine the discontinuity or continuity of all inter-formational boundaries to accurately delineate them in the field and fully reflect on a 1:25000 scale map. In addition, they reveal the nature of the contact between rock types, giving its detailed description and geochemical characteristics. Methods. Geological study is focused on the following facts: complete identification of all rock types on the basis of studying their samples, preparation of thin sections for petrographic study, chemical and geochemical analysis. The methods applied for geochemical analysis use the MinPet software. This software, used for mineral chemistry, is programmed to process and recalculate the results of major-element analysis according to the most common normative calculation schemes. This software is used in scientific works for constructing diagrams of rock calcification and geochemical interpretations according to the components of Na2O + K2O/SiO2, as well as rare earth elements according to the component SiO2/Zr/TiO2. The exploration field trips have been conducted to identify and describe areas of mineral outcrop. Findings. Based on the study of geochemical analysis and the petrographic description of mineral outcrops, as well as examination under a microscope, different types of rocks have been identified. Based on these types, the origin, age and spread of these rocks in this region have been determined. Originality. The originality of the study is in the use of the analysis results obtained in the AcmelLabs Laboratory, Vancouver, Canada, for major elements, rare earth elements and trace elements, which are shown in the diagrams presented in this paper. Practical implications. The geochemical analysis leads to the conclusion that the studied area has Ni-mineralization, which is important for the development of mining sector, as well as for the community while preserving the environment and applying an adequate method of exploiting the area.

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Palomeque-De la Cruz, Miguel Á., Adalberto Galindo-Alcántara, Miguel J. Escalona-Maurice, Silvia del C. Ruiz-Acosta, Alberto J. Sánchez-Martínez et Eunice Pérez-Sánchez. « Analysis of land use change in an urban ecosystem in the drainage area of the Grijalva river, Mexico ». Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente 23, n^o 1 (décembre 2016) : 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2016.03.018.

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Krasniqi, Elez, et Fadil Millaku. « The Association Hyperico-Euphorbietum Glabriflorae Rexhepi 1978 in the Serpentine Terrains of Drenica Mountain ». Hacquetia 6, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2007) : 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10028-007-0008-6.

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The AssociationHyperico-Euphorbietum GlabrifloraeRexhepi 1978 in the Serpentine Terrains of Drenica MountainIn the territory of Kosovo there are many serpentine mountain massifs. The largest complexes are found in the valley of the Ibër River, and the same are continued in a discontinuous chain through Koznica and Golesh to the southwest of the territory of Kosovo. Vegetation on the serpentine bedrock is rich in rare species and communities, which cannot be found in the Balkans and Europe. The communities appearing on the serpentine bedrock are characteristic and important for science. They are endemic due to the presence of endemic species in their species composition. Drenica Mountain (1051 m) is part of the Central Kosovo Mountains. These terrains are situated in the central part of Kosovo, between Çiçavica, Kosovo plain (Golesh), Llapusha, the Carraleva Mountains and the Anadrini region. A considerable part of these areas consists of serpentine bedrock, which is covered by interesting flora and vegetation. In the vegetation of Drenica Mountain 10 communities have been identified. Two of them are found on serpentine bedrock: ass.Hyperico-Euphorbietum glabrifloraeand ass.Potentillo-Fumanetum bonapartei. These communities belong to the open space, and are also located in other parts of Kosovo, but only on serpentine bedrock. On Drenica Mountain there are two localities where these two communities appear. In this paper we focus in particular on ass.Hyperico-Euphorbietum glabriflorae

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Fernandes, Manoel Do Couto, André De Souza Avelar et Ana Luiza Coelho Netto. « Domínios geo-hidroecológicos do maciço da Tijuca, RJ : subsídios ao entendimento dos processos hidrológicos e erosivos ». Anuário do Instituto de Geociências 29, n^o 2 (1 janvier 2006) : 122–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/2006_2_122-148.

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Tijuca massif constitute a geomorphologic system, where the replacement of vegetation cover by urban features and grass areas, contribute to change in the hydrological behavior.As a consequence of this change there is an increase of erosion processes by different mechanisms, and in the solid and liquid discharge that can affect lowlands. The understanding of these processes, in a geoecological research above center of interest geomorphologic view requires the interpretation of the elements control them, in structural, functional and dynamic way. This way, the aim at interpreting the transformation processes that occur in this massif, and delimitate the use and covering of the soil that with others structural and functional elements define areas with differents hydrological and erosive results (geo-hydroecological dominions). To define this dominions, it was taken into consideration systematically, the soil use, type and characteristic of the soil, geology and drenage efficiency, using geoprocessing technic and analytic-integrative method. The results show that in the sectors 1, 2 and 5 have dominions that make is inundation in them lowlands. The areas of urbarn ocupation in the sectors 2, 3 e 4 concentrate the landslides, because in this areas occur the bigger drenage efficiency, reflex of higher gradients and density of concave axis. In this way the continuatily will promote a drastic growth of Tijuca massif's erosive processes.

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Portillo Reyes, Hector Orlando, Jonathan Hernández, Tomas Manzanares, Fausto Elvir et Hermes Vega. « REGISTROS Y DISTRIBUCIÓN POTENCIAL DEL MURCIÉLAGO BLANCO HONDUREÑO (Ectophylla alba) EN LA REGIóN DE LA MOSKITIA, HONDURAS ». Revista Mexicana de Mastozoología (Nueva Epoca) 5, n^o 1 (30 juin 2015) : 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ie.20074484e.2015.5.1.205.

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RESUMENSe presentan seis nuevas localidades del murciélago blanco hondureño, en donde se redescubre nuevamente la especie para Honduras. Con los registros históricos y contemporáneos se modeló la distribución potencial del murciélago blanco. El mapa indica que el Ectophylla alba está distribuido principalmente en el bosque latifoliado de la Moskitia hondureña, en las áreas protegidas como la Reserva de la Biósfera del Río Plátano, los bosques de las montañas de Warunta, Mocorón y los territorios indígenas de Mabita y Rus Rus. El sitio está representado por el ecosistema del bosque tropical siempre verde latifoliado de tierras bajas moderadamente drenado y bien drenado. Estos bosques latifoliados forman un corredor continuo de cobertura boscosa que va desde el Norte de la Biósfera del Río Plátano hacia el Este del bosque latifoliado ripario y las sabanas de pino de Mabita y Rus Rus con un área aproximada de 4 775 Km2.Palabras clave: Moskita hondureña, bosque ripario, platanillos, distribución potencial, mapa binario. ABSTRACTSix new locations of the Honduran white bat, where rediscovered in Honduras. Historical and contemporary records were used for the potential distribution of the specie. The map indicates the Ectophylla alba is distributed mainly in the broadleaf forests of the Honduran Mosquitia, in the protected areas of Biosphere Reserve of Rio Plátano, the forests of Warunta, Mocorón and indigenous territories of Mabita and Rus Rus. The site is represented by the ecosystem evergreen broadleaf lowland tropical forest moderately drained and well drained. These broadleaf forests form a continuous corridor from northern of Biosphere of Rio Plátano to eastward broadleaf riparian forest and pine savannas of Mabita and Rus Rus with an area of approximately 4 775 Km2.Key words: Honduran Moskitia, riparian forest, platanillos, potential distribution, binary map.

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Çela, Tomor, et Ibrahim Ramadani. « Construction coefficient in the settlements of Gllogoc Municipality (Republic of Kosova) ». Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 43, n^o 43 (16 mars 2019) : 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2019-0004.

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AbstractThis paper evaluates the built area within “cadastral zones” (subdivisions of municipalities) in order to identify the expansion tendencies of settlements, with the aim of contributing to preventing future uncontrolled developments. Demographic growth always needs more construction so it is important to provide a spatial analysis of land use. The paper is focused on the expansion dynamics of built areas within cadastral zones due to rapid social and economic changes. The lack of researches for the Drenica region has affected land use, which has been unplanned and not-to-standard, and has not preserved agricultural land. In the last two decades – since 1999 – there has been considerable growth in the construction sector across all of Kosovo. Although, according to the spatial plan, property owners have the right to develop and use their own property in their own best interests, these regulations do not give them the right to work outside the legal framework of the local plan itself. Land use should be in full compliance with spatial plans, both national and local. This study will contribute to the sustainable urbanisation of settlements and preservation of agricultural land. The results of the study will also help to make important decisions for built areas, in also providing necessary recommendations for steps to be taken to have a land use based on common interests.

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Gómez Blanco, Pablo, Luis Fernández Martínez, Enrique Manuel Flores et Oscar Eduardo Hernández. « Planteamiento del problema y propuesta de soluciones para abordar el desafío de la gestión de las aguas lluvias en el área metropolitana de San Salvador (AMSS), El Salvador ». Aqua-LAC 11, n^o 2 (30 septembre 2019) : 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29104/phi-aqualac/2019-v11-2-07.

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Existen diversos eventos de precipitación que han causado daños importantes derivados de la ocupación del territorio y la falta de espacio para el agua dentro del Área Metropolitana de San Salvador (AMSS). Sin embargo, a pesar de no ser relevante en cuanto a la variable precipitación acumulada, el 3 de julio de 2008, sucedió un desgraciado incidente que cambió el ritmo de los acontecimientos y desencadenó la puesta en marcha de medidas para reducir los problemas derivados de la peligrosidad por inundación, fallecieron 30 personas de una misma congregación religiosa que viajaban dentro de un autobús camino a casa en la Calle Montserrat a la altura de la Colonia La Málaga en San Salvador. A partir de dicho instante, el problema trascendió al ámbito político y se desarrollaron varios estudios y construcciones encaminados a minimizar los efectos de las inundaciones fluviales en el AMSS. El presente artículo establece el desarrollo de lagunas de laminación y SUDS como la propuesta para paliar los efectos de las inundaciones fluviales en el ámbito urbano y presenta criterios: económico-financieros, socio-políticos, ambientales e hidrológico-hidráulicos; para acotar la tipología y ubicación de las mismas. La evaluación conjunta de los diversos criterios permite establecer un criterio de priorización de medidas válido para la elaboración de futuros planes maestros de gestión de aguas lluvias. Basándose en estos criterios se planteó la construcción de un sistema compuesto por tres reservorios de retención para minimizar los efectos de las inundaciones en el ámbito del Arenal de Montserrat una de las cuencas con mayores problemas en la gestión de aguas lluvias dentro del AMSS. En este contexto, se justifica la necesidad de contar con una planificación maestra para el desarrollo de soluciones encaminadas a resolver tanto los problemas derivados del drenaje fluvial como del pluvial en los sistemas tradicionales de alcantarillado – por ser el destino de éstos los cauces del AMSS y por contar con numerosos problemas por la falta de capacidad y mantenimiento de los mismos.

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Halifa-Marín, A., P. Pérez-Cutillas, M. Almagro et C. Boix-Fayos. « Presión antrópica sobre cuencas de drenaje en ecosistemas frágiles : variaciones en las existencias (stock) de carbono orgánico asociadas a cambios morfológicos fluviales ». Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 45, n^o 1 (18 juin 2019) : 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/cig.3690.

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Anthropic changes in the drainage area of catchments can influence dominant erosion processes and sediment sources and mobilize specific carbon pools. It also causes changes in the sedimentary dynamics and thus in the fluvial morphology. At the same time fluvial morphologies can create the conditions for stabilizing organic carbon (OC) in sediments by burial, carbon preservation, slowing down mineralization processes, and terrestrial or aquatic plant colonization. All this might have a significant impact on the fluvial carbon sink or sources. This work explores the impact of changes in the drainage area (reforestation, check-dam building, agricultural abandonment) on fluvial morphology and on the sedimentary carbon sink of an arid and erodible catchment. The methodological approach combines cartographic analysis of land use, geomorphological photointerpretation of the channel and slope-channel connections in 1956 and 2016. Furthermore, soil and sediment sampling across the catchment for organic carbon stock determination was carried out. The watershed underwent a drastic transformation of land use from 1956, changing from an agrarian scenario to a forest pattern in 2016. This evolution altered sedimentological dynamics and fluvial morphologies. The active channel was narrowed (52%) whereas bank erosion (77%) and the adjacent gullies (11%) increased. The inner alluvial plain increased up to 31% and alluvial fans up to 37%. In addition, vegetation in the channel increased up to 16%. All this led to an increase of the total OC pool of fluvial sediments (12%), slightly above than the increase of OC total pool in the soils of the catchment (10%). The ratio of the OC stock sediments/soils was > 0.8, which indicates the large capacity of carbon sequestration of fluvial sediments, with OC stocks larger than those of agricultural soils. It was found that the geomorphological dynamics plays an important role in the OC fluvial flows. In scenarios of channel narrowing and vegetation encroachment of fluvial morphologies, the sediments can stabilize and generate OC sinks. These processes of OC sequestration in dry and ephemeral channels can have a large relevance for various ecosystem services and should be considered in the management of fluvial sedimentary areas.

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Lukianas, Antanas, et Rasa Ruminaitė. « IMPACT OF LAND DRAINAGE ON THE RIVERS RUNOFF/PERIODIŠKAI ŠLAPIU ŽEMIU SAUSINIMO DRENAŽU ITAKA UPIU NUOTEKIUI/ВЛИЯНИE ОСУШЕНИЯ ДРЕНАЖЕМ ПЕРИОДИЧЕСКИ ИЗБЫТОЧНО УВЛАЖНЯЕМЫХ ЗЕМЕЛЬ НА РЕЧНОЙ СТОК ». JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 17, n^o 4 (31 décembre 2009) : 226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648-6897.2009.17.226-235.

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The dependence of runoff characteristics of the Lielupe River basin district rivers: the Mūša River, the Levuo River and the Tatula River on the wetland drainage is analysed in the article. The wetland covers 70–89% of the total area in the basins of these rivers. It was established, that drainage of 80–91% of wetland area had not changed the runoff characteristics. The excess of water is removed through the drainage systems most intensively during spring and summer rain floods. The analysis of the runoff of spring flood and summer rain floods revealed that the area of drained land had not changed the runoff characteristics. The tenuous positive or negative relations (coefficients of correlation from ‐0.52 to 0.19) between the area of drained wetland and the runoff characteristics were established. Santrauka Šlapių žemių sausinimo Lietuvoje įtaka upių nuotėkiui iki šiol vertinama nevienareikšmiškai, nes ji gana sudėtinga ir įvairiapusė. Straipsnyje analizuojama Lielupės baseino upių Mūšos, Lėvens ir Tatulos nuotėkio charakteristikų priklausomybė nuo periodiškai šlapių žemių sausinimo drenažo sistema. Šių upių baseinuose periodiškai šlapių mineralinių žemių plotai sudaro 70–89 % viso baseino ploto (pelkės užima tik 3,2–7,5 %). Analizuota sausinimo, nuotėkio bei jo pasiskirstymo per metus kaitos charakteristikos, nuotėkio netolygumo dėsningumai. Tiriant nustatyta, kad per pastaruosius 40 metų nagrinėjamų upių baseinuose nusausintų žemių plotai padidėjo nuo 4–7 % (šlapių žemių fondo) iki 80–91 %. Vandens perteklius iš sausinimo sistemos pasišalina per pavasario potvynius bei vasaros poplūdžius. Analizuojant pavasario potvynių ir vasaros poplūdžių duomenis akivaizdu, kad nusausintų žemių plotas neturi įtakos upių nuotėkio charakteristikų pokyčiui. Tarp nusausintų žemių ploto ir nuotėkio charakteristikų nustatytos labai silpnos teigiamos arba neigiamos sąsajos (koreliacijos koeficientai nuo –0,52 iki 0,19). Резюме Влияние осушения избыточно увлажненных земель на речной сток в Литве до сих пор оценивается неоднозначно, так как это влияние сложно и многообразно. В статье анализируются характеристики изменения речного стока и его внутригодового распределения, закономерности его неравномерности в бассейнах рек Муша, Левуо и Татула (эти реки составляют район речных бассейнов Лелупе), в которых периодически избыточно увлажняемые земли составляют 70−89% от площади бассейнов. Исследованиями установлено, что площади осушенных земель в исследуемых речных бассейнах за последние 40 лет увеличились с 4−7% (от фонда избыточно увлажненных земель) до 80−91%. Несмотря на то, что большая часть избыточно увлажненных земель уже осушена, это не оказывает существенного влияния на речной сток. Избыток влаги осушительными системами наиболее интенсивно удаляется в течение весенних половодий и летних паводков, поэтому изменения речного стока из-за осушения происходят в течение тех же сезонов. При анализе зависимости изменения слоя речного стока в течение весенних половодий и летних паводков (в долях от годового стока) от площади осушения установлено отсутствие корреляционной связи, либо эта связь является слабой (коэффициенты корреляции изменяются от −0,52 до 0,19).

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Barros, Bárbara Thaíssa da Silva, Hernando Baggio, Luiz Felipe Amaral Silva, Welberth Pereira Dias, Atila Oliveira Coimbra et Daniel Jose Silva Viana. « AVALIAÇÃO GEOQUÍMICA DA ÁGUA DO CÓRREGO QUATRO VINTÉNS NO MUNICÍPIO DE DIAMANTINA – MG ». Revista Cerrados 17, n^o 02 (27 décembre 2019) : 145–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22238/rc2448269220191702145167.

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O Córrego Quatro Vinténs localiza-se no nordeste do Estado de Minas Gerais, na bacia hidrográfica do rio Jequitinhonha, sendo um importante curso d’água do município de Diamantina. Sua nascente encontra-se inserida na borda leste da Serra dos Cristais – Espinhaço Meridional, no bairro Glória, seu médio e baixo curso drenam importantes áreas urbanizadas. Analisou-se parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos, cujos resultados foram avaliados por estatística descritiva e variação sazonal. A metodologia seguiu uma abordagem analítica quantitativa. Foram realizadas duas amostragens de campo, totalizando 12 pontos por período climático. Os parâmetros físico-químicos não conservativos foram determinados in situ: temperatura, potencial hidrogeniônico, oxigênio dissolvido, sólidos dissolvidos totais, condutividade e salinidade. Em laboratório, determinou-se turbidez, cor da água por fotocolorímetro e coliformes totais, termotolerantes e Escherichia coli por análises microbiológicas. Os resultados foram comparados com as legislações ambientais CONAMA N°357/2005 e N°274/2000, além, da Portaria do MS N°518/2005. Os resultados apontam que, alguns dos pontos amostrados estão em desacordo com o preconizado por estas legislações ambientais. Desta forma, os valores e as correlações apresentadas, apontam que o intemperismo, processo de erosão, escoamento superficial e as condições de uso e ocupação desordenada da bacia de drenagem, influenciam diretamente na qualidade ambiental da água superficial. GEOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF THE QUATRO VINTÉNS STREAM WATER IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF DIAMANTINA – MG ABSTRACT Quatro Vinténs Stream lies in the Northeast region of Minas Gerais State, in the Jequitinhonha river basin, being an important watercourse in the municipality of Diamantina-MG. Its source lies on the Eastern edge of the Serra dos Cristais - Espinhaço Meridional, in Glória neighborhood, its medium and low course drain important urbanized areas. Physicochemical and microbiological parameters were analyzed, and results were evaluated by descriptive statistics and seasonal variation. Methodology followed a quantitative analytical approach. Two field samplings were made, totaling 12 points per climatic period. Non-conservative physical-chemical parameters were determined in situ: temperature, hydrogenation potential, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, conductivity and salinity. In laboratory, turbidity, water color by photocolorimeter and total coliforms, thermotolerant and Escherichia coli were determined by microbiological analysis. Results were compared with CONAMA Environmental Laws No. 357/2005 and No.274/2000, in addition to the Ordinance of MS No. 518/2005. Results showed that most of the points sampled are in disagreement with those recommended by the above environmental legislations. Thus, the values and correlations presented, point out that weathering, erosion process, surface runoff and the conditions of disorganized use and occupation of the drainage basin directly influence the environmental quality of surface water. Keywords: Physical-chemical analysis. Microbiological. Water quality. EVALUACIÓN GEOQUIMICA DEL AGUA DEL CÓRREGO QUATRO VINTÉNS EN EL MUNICIPIO DE DIAMANTINA – MG RESUMEN El riachuelo Quatro Vinténs se localiza en el noreste del Estado de Minas Gerais, en la cuenca del río Jequitinhonha, siendo un importante curso de agua del municipio de Diamantina. Su naciente se encuentra localizada en el borde este de la Sierra de los Cristales - Espinhaço Meridional, en el barrio Gloria, su medio y bajo curso drenan importantes areas urbanizadas. Se analizaron parámetros físico-químicos y microbiológicos, cuyos resultados fueron evaluados por estadística descriptiva y variación estacional. La metodología siguió un enfoque analítico cuantitativo. Se realizaron dos muestreos de campo, totalizando 12 puntos por período climático. Los parámetros físico-químicos no conservadores se determinaron in situ: temperatura, potencial hidrogenico, oxígeno disuelto, sólidos disueltos totales, conductividad y salinidad. En laboratorio, se determinó turbidez, color del agua por fotocolorímetro y coliformes totales, termotolerantes y Escherichia coli por análisis microbiológicos. Los resultados se compararon con las legislaciones ambientales CONAMA N ° 357/2005 y N° 274/2000, además de la Orden del MS N ° 518/2005. Los resultados apuntan que algunos de los puntos analizados no cumplen con los parámetros establecidos en estas legislaciones ambientales. De esta forma, los valores y las correlaciones presentadas, apuntan que el intemperismo, proceso de erosión, degradación superficial y las condiciones de uso y ocupación desordenada de la cuenca de drenaje, influencian directamente en la calidad ambiental del agua superficial. Palabras clave: Análisis físico-químicos. Microbiológica. Calidad del agua.

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Bajraktari-Gashi, Zarife, Muharrem Zabeli et Erard Morina. « Determination of adhesion stages of the Fe-Ni ore at the Ferronikeli plant in Drenas ». Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, n^o 5 (2020) : 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2021-5/037.

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Abstract: Purpose. The process of calcine production in rotary kilns at the Ferronikeli plant in Drenas is realized with great difficulties as a result of the formation of large adhesions in the areas of rotary kilns. So far, the removal of load adhesions during the work process inside the rotary kilns is achieved only by their physical removal. The purpose of the paper is to determine the factors in reducing adhesions in the process of calcine production in the areas of rotary kilns, in the Ferronikeli plant in Drenas. Methodology. Chemical analysis of iron-nickel ore. The determination of the composition of the adhesives was performed with the X-RAY device, in the laboratory of the Ferronikeli plant. Method with the software Calphad 2020, at the University of Ljubljana. Findings. From the composition of iron-nickel ore, the composition of adhesives in rotary kilns, we manage to determine the thermodynamic phases and exothermic and endothermic processes that take place in the process of rotary kilns. From the determinations of the composition of the adhesives in the software alphad 2020, we manage to determine one of the factors that affect the formation of adhesives based on the stages during the process, which do not have a stability, as a result of high moisture content of iron-nickel ores. Originality. Based on the study at the Ferronikeli plant, shovels were placed on the walls of the rotary kilns in the three areas, the removal of fireclay bricks, the placement of anchored concrete and the project for the placement of two kilns for kiln ore were started. Practical value.The placement of the shovels has increased the temperature inside the rotary kilns. While the placement of dryers will have an impact on reducing the adhesions inside the rotary kilns and from the economic point of view, we will have a reduction of fuels in the load of the rotary kilns.

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Martínez Flores, G., E. H. Nava Sánchez et O. Zaitzev. « TELEDETECCIÓN DE PLUMAS DE MATERIAL SUSPENDIDO INFLUENCIADAS POR ESCORRENTÍA EN EL SUR DEL GOLFO DE CALIFORNIA ». CICIMAR Oceánides 26, n^o 1 (4 juin 2011) : 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v26i1.91.

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Los procesos de escorrentía de las cuencas de drenaje hacia los mares costeros afectan de manera significativa las propiedades ópticas de sus aguas, y tienen implicaciones importantes en términos de aporte de nutrientes a la zona eufótica. En este trabajo se analizan datos de precipitación diaria en las cuencas que drenan al Golfo de California durante 2004-2008, ubicando las desembocaduras de sus ríos activadas por procesos de escorrentía en periodos específicos. Esta acotación espacio-temporal sitúa la selección de bandas de imágenes MODIS-Aqua nivel 1B, a las que se aplican algoritmos para detectar el material suspendido total (MST) integrado en la capa superficial del mar. De la precipitación total en estas cuencas en el periodo de estudio, el porcentaje de contribución de cada año (2004-2008) fue del 32, 14, 18, 16 y 20% respectivamente. Consecuentemente, durante el verano de 2004 los efectos de las escorrentías fueron más evidentes en las imágenes de MST. Los resultados muestran plumas de material suspendido asociadas a las desembocaduras de los principales ríos del margen continental, algunas de las cuales alcanzan distancias de ~60-100 km desde la costa. Destaca una pluma detectada en agosto de 2004, con una cobertura de 44,000 km2, extendiéndose a ~300 km de la costa de Nayarit, área cercana a las desembocaduras de los Ríos Acaponeta, San Pedro, Santiago y Ameca. En general, la distribución de estas plumas es controlada por la circulación de mesoescala, siendo relevante el efecto combinado de giros anticiclónicos al norte de las desembocaduras y ciclónicos al sur de las mismas. Remote sensing of suspended matter plumes triggered by runoff in the south Gulf of California Runoff from watersheds draining towards the coastal seas affects significantly the optical these waters, and also has important implications in terms of supply of nutrients to the euphotic zone. This paper analyzes daily precipitation data in the basins draining into the Gulf of California during 2004-2008, locating the river mouths activated by runoff processes on specific periods. This spatial and temporal demarcation sets the selection of MODIS-Aqua image bands level 1B, which applies algorithms in order to detect the total suspended matter (MST from the Spanish acronym) integrated in the surface layer of the sea. From total precipitation in these basins in the study period, the percentage of contribution per year (2004-2008) was 32, 14, 18, 16 and 20% respectively. Consequently, during the summer of 2004 effects of runoff were most evident in MST images. The results show plumes of suspended matter associated with the discharge areas of the main rivers from the continental margin, and some of them reach distances up to ~60-100 km from the coastline. Standing out is a plume detected in August 2004, with coverage of 44,000 km2 extending ~300 km from the Nayarit coastline, in the area in front of the river mouths of Acaponeta, San Pedro, Santiago and Ameca. In general, the distribution of these plumes is controlled by the mesoscale circulation of the Gulf, being relevant the combined effect of anticyclonic eddies north of the river mouths and cyclonic eddies south of them.

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Leite, Marcos Esdras, Itamar Souza Santos et Jefferson Willian Lopes Almeida. « Mudança de Uso do Solo na Bacia do Rio Vieira, em Montes Claros/MG (Change of Land Use on River Basin Vieira, in Montes Claros/MG) ». Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 4, n^o 4 (22 janvier 2012) : 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v4i4.232716.

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A bacia hidrográfica do Vieira está inserida no município de Montes Claros, no norte de Minas Gerais. O rio Vieira é um dos principais afluentes do Rio Verde Grande e este deságua no rio São Francisco. Essa bacia se destaca por drenar a área urbana de Montes Claros, logo, os problemas ambientais decorrentes da atividade urbana atingem diretamente o rio Vieira. O objetivo do trabalho foi compreender as transformações de uso do solo na bacia do rio Vieira, utilizando instrumentos geotecnológicos. Os dados dos sensores orbitais mostram que, entre 1989 e 2009, as mudanças mais importantes foram: a recuperação de parte da cobertura vegetal original e o crescimento da área urbana de Montes Claros. Esta última mudança trouxe problemas ambientais graves para a bacia do Vieira. No entanto, medidas, como o tratamento do esgoto está sendo realizada, a fim de mitigar os impactos causados pelo crescimento da cidade. A criação de unidades de conservação foi outra ação que resultou em ganhos ambientais, como a regeneração do Cerrado em espaços degradados.Palavras-Chave: Bacia hidrográfica, uso do solo, sensoriamento remoto e SIG. Change of Land Use on River Basin Vieira, in Montes Claros/MG ABSTRACTThe watershed of Vieira is inserted in the municipality of Montes Claros, in northern Minas Gerais. The river Vieira is one of the main tributaries of the Rio Verde Grande river and this flows into San Francisco. This basin is drained out for the urban area of Montes Claros. Thus, the environmental problems of urban activity directly affect the river Vieira. In this sense, this work used geo tools to understand the changes of land use in river basin Vieira. The data from orbital sensors show that between 1989 and 2009, the most important changes were part of the recovery of original vegetation cover and growth of the urban area of Montes Claros. This last change has brought serious environmental problems for the basin of Vieira. However, measures such as sewage treatment is being performed in order to mitigate the impacts caused by the growth of the city. The creation of protected areas was another action that resulted in environmental gains, as the regeneration of degraded areas in the Cerrado. Keywords: River basin, land use, remote sensing and GIS.

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Chmiel, Stanisław. « Studies on quantitative and qualitative changes in dissolved inorganic carbon content in a river drainage area Badania zmian ilościowych i jakościowych rozpuszczonego węgla nieorganicznego w strefie drenażu rzecznego ». PRZEMYSŁ CHEMICZNY 1, n^o 6 (5 juin 2015) : 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/62.2015.6.27.

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Chavarría Párraga, Jesús Enrique, Julio Cesar Ramírez-Caicedo, Jorge Isaac Zambrano-Kuffó, Richard Xavier Bravo-Ferrín et Luis Enrique Párraga-Muñoz. « Coeficiente del cultivo de Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. cv. INIAP-463 para periodos secos y lluviosos utilizando lisimetría de drenaje ». La Técnica : Revista de las Agrociencias. ISSN 2477-8982, n^o 24 (22 décembre 2020) : 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33936/la_tecnica.v0i24.2839.

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Coefficient of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. for dry and rainy periods in the Chone river valley Resumen El uso del agua en la agricultura es una actividad muy demandante a nivel mundial, por ello es necesario conocer la cantidad de agua que consumen los vegetales de interés agrícola. Se investigó el coeficiente del cultivo (Kc) de Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. (cv. INIAP-463) para periodos secos y lluviosos de Chone, Manabí, Ecuador a través de lisimetría de drenaje. Se ejecutó en el año 2019, implementándose tres lisímetros de drenaje cerca de la estación climatológica M0162. La lámina de riego fue aplicada en base a la evapotranspiración de referencia diaria (ETo). Se realizó el cálculo del Kc para cada etapa fenológica del cultivo determinando el cociente entre la evapotranspiración del cultivo (ETc) y ETo. El frejol presentó cuatro etapas según su consumo hídrico, reportando valores de Kc de 0,55; 0,92; 1,30 y 0,80 para el periodo seco y 0,45; 0,88; 1,28 y 0,75 para el periodo lluvioso. Las necesidades hídricas del frejol fueron 219,37 mm para el período seco y 237,82 mm para el período lluvioso durante 85 días que duró el ciclo del cultivo. Los valores de Kc y necesidades hídricas varían según las condiciones climáticas de las zonas en donde se desarrollen los cultivos. Palabras clave: evapotranspiración; lámina de drenaje; necesidades hídricas; riego; leguminosa. Abstract Water use in agriculture is a very demanding activity worldwide, therefore it is necessary to know the amount of water consumed by vegetables of agricultural interest. The crop coefficients (Kc) of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp was investigated. (cv. INIAP-463) for dry and rainy periods of Chone, Manabí, Ecuador through drainage lysymmetry. It was executed in 2019, implementing three drainage lysimeters near the M0162 weather station. The irrigation sheet was applied based on the daily reference evapotranspiration (ETo). Kc was calculated for each phenological stage of the crop by determining the quotient between the evapotranspiration of the crop (ETc) and ETo. The bean presented four stages according to its water consumption, reporting Kc values of 0.55; 0.92; 1.30 and 0.80 for the dry period and 0.45; 0.88; 1.28 and 0.75 for the rainy season. The water needs of the beans were 219.37 mm for the dry period and 237.82 mm for the rainy period during the 85 days of the crop cycle. The Kc values and water needs vary according to the climatic conditions of the areas where the crops are grown. Keywords: evapotranspiration; drainage sheet; irrigation; water needs; legume.

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Valipour, Mohammad. « VARIATIONS OF LAND USE AND IRRIGATION FOR NEXT DECADES UNDER DIFFERENT SCENARIOS ». IRRIGA 1, n^o 01 (18 juin 2018) : 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2016v1n01p262-288.

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VARIATIONS OF LAND USE AND IRRIGATION FOR NEXT DECADES UNDER DIFFERENT SCENARIOS MOHAMMAD VALIPOUR¹ ¹Young Researchers and Elite Club, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran. Email: vali-pour@hotmail.com 1 ABSTRACT The goal of this paper is estimation of area equipped for irrigation in Americas in 2035 and 2060 using study of agricultural water management during 1962 to 2011. For this purpose, all necessary information was gathered from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and was checked using The World Bank Group (WBG). Among all presented data in the FAO database, 10 indexes were selected (due to more importance and more availability for all the regions in Americas). These indexes are permanent crops per cultivated area (%), rural population per total population (%), total economically active population in agriculture per total economically active population (%), human development index (HDI), national rainfall index (NRI) (mm/yr), value added to gross domestic product (GDP) by agriculture (%), irrigation water requirement (mm/yr), percent of total cultivated area drained (%), difference between NIR and irrigation water requirement (mm/yr), and area equipped for irrigation per cultivated area (%). These indexes were analyzed for all 5 regions in the study area and amount of area equipped for irrigation per cultivated area (10th index) was estimated by three different scenarios and using the other 9 indexes. Keywords: agricultural water management, Americas, FAO, irrigation, macroeconomic policies, optimum decision, sustainable development VALIPOUR, M.VARIAÇÕES DO USO DA TERRA E IRRIGAÇÃO PARA AS PRÓXIMAS DÉCADAS EM DIFERENTES CENÁRIOS 2 RESUMO O objetivo do presente trabalho é estimar a área equipada para irrigação nas Américas nos anos de 2035 e 2060 através do estudo da gestão da água agrícola no período de 1962 a 2011. Para isso, todas as informações necessárias foram obtidas da Organização das Nações Unidas para Agricultura e Alimentação (FAO) e foram verificado através do Grupo Banco Mundial (WBG). Entre todos os dados apresentados na base de dados da FAO, foram selecionados 10 índices (devido à maior importância e maior disponibilidade para todas as regiões das Américas). Estes índices correspondem a culturas permanentes por área cultivada (%), população rural com relação à população total (%), população economicamente ativa na agricultura com relação à população economicamente ativa total (%), índice de desenvolvimento humano (IDH), índice nacional de pluviosidade (NRI) (mm/ano), valor agregado ao Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) pela agricultura (%), necessidade de água de irrigação (mm/ano), porcentagem da área cultivada drenada total (%) diferença entre NRI e necessidade de água de irrigação e área equipada para irrigação por área cultivada (%). Estes índices foram analisados para todas as 5 regiões da área de estudo e a quantidade de área equipada para irrigação por área cultivada (10º índice) foi estimada através de três cenários diferentes, utilizando os outros 9 índices. Os resultados mostram que as mudanças da área equipada para irrigação são de 9,1% a 26,3% e de 17,6% a 51,3% em 2035 e 2060, respectivamente. Palavras-chave: gestão agrícola da água, Américas, FAO, irrigação, políticas macroeconômicas, decisão ideal, desenvolvimento sustentável

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Daniela Rotger, Daniela, Agostina Dominella et Rosario Martínez Damonte. « Nuevas periferias metropolitanas y aplicación de infraestructura azul y verde. El caso de la zona sudeste de la ciudad de La Plata, Argentina = New metropolitan peripheries and application of blue and green infrastructure. The case of the southeastern area of the city of La Plata, Argentina ». Cuadernos de Investigación Urbanística, n^o 143 (10 octobre 2022) : 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/ciur.2022.143.5000.

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ResumenEl concepto de infraestructura azul y verde (IAV) refiere al reconocimiento de las capacidades propias del espacio verde y las aguas, de producir beneficios ambientales. En el marco de las infraestructuras azules, los Sistemas urbanos de drenaje sostenible (SUDS) constituyen un enfoque destinado centralmente a evitar inundaciones y recuperar el ciclo hidrológico urbano, promoviendo la biodiversidad y la mejora del paisaje. El enfoque de IAV y en particular los SUDS, podrían sin duda ser una alternativa para la ciudad de La Plata, que atraviesa un proceso de expansión urbana sin regulaciones, sobre áreas inundables y zonas de valor ecológico y paisajístico. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es analizar la aplicación IAV, y en particular de SUDS en la zona sudeste de la ciudad de La Plata, un sector de alto valor ambiental y paisajístico atravesado por un rápido proceso de expansión urbana reciente escasamente regulado.AbstractThe concept of blue and green infrastructure (IAV) refers to the capacities of green space and waters, of producing environmental benefits. Within the framework of blue infrastructures, Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) constitute an approach aimed centrally at preventing floods and recovering the urban hydrological cycle, promoting biodiversity and improving the landscape. The IAV approach, and in particular the SUDS, could undoubtedly be an alternative for the city of La Plata, which go through a process of uncontrolled urban expansion, over flood-prone areas and zones of ecological and landscape value. The main objective of this work is to analyze the application of IAV, and in particular of SUDS in the southeastern area of the city of La Plata, a sector of high environmental and landscape value that has gone through a rapid process of recent urban expansion, scarcely regulated.

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GÜNTERT, PETER. « Structure calculation of biological macromolecules from NMR data ». Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics 31, n^o 2 (mai 1998) : 145–237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033583598003436.

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The relationship between amino acid sequence, three-dimensional structure and biological function of proteins is one of the most intensely pursued areas of molecular biology and biochemistry. In this context, the three-dimensional structure has a pivotal role, its knowledge being essential to understand the physical, chemical and biological properties of a protein (Branden & Tooze, 1991; Creighton, 1993). Until 1984 structural information at atomic resolution could only be determined by X-ray diffraction techniques with protein single crystals (Drenth, 1994). The introduction of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (Abragam, 1961) as a technique for protein structure determination (Wüthrich, 1986) has made it possible to obtain structures with comparable accuracy also in a solution environment that is much closer to the natural situation in a living being than the single crystals required for protein crystallography.

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Dewi, Elza, et Alharia Dinata. « Analisis Perubahan Tata Guna Lahan Terhadap Debit Limpasan Pada Subdas Air Betung ». JURNAL ILMIAH BERING'S 5, n^o 01 (5 mars 2018) : 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36050/berings.v5i01.135.

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The need for land is increasing as the population increases. To fulfill the settlement land and other needs, various efforts are carried out including the transfer of land functions. Improper land conversion will cause a run-off increase in a watershed. The runoff will experience peak discharge at any time and will cause flooding if the volume cannot be accommodated by drenase. This study aims to compare changes in land use to predict the peak flood discharge in the Air Betung sub-watershed in the 10-year re-preode. The research method uses DEM map analysis to obtain the area of the watershed and the length of the main river. For rainfall distribution using two frequency analyzes in 2004-2013 and 2008-2017 and the chosen method is normal distribution. The peak discharge was calculated by the nakayasu synthetic unit hydrograph. Changes in peak discharge caused by land use changes in 2013 and 2017 experienced a change, where for 2013 the Cverages value was 0.36 and peak discharge was 151.37 m3 / sec and for 2017 the Cverages value was 0.33 and peak discharge was 138.95 m3/ sec.

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Barrezueta-Unda, Salomón. « El Efecto de diversos atributos topográficos sobre el carbono orgánico en varios usos del suelo ». CIENCIA UNEMI 14, n^o 35 (15 janvier 2021) : 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol14iss35.2021pp43-53p.

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El objetivo de este estudio fue: cuantificar la cantidad de carbono orgánico del suelo (COS) almacenado en tres profundidades y relacionar varios atributos topográficos sobre la densidad del COS en el sitio El Progreso, provincia El Oro-Ecuador. El estudio se realizó en cuatro usos del suelo: banano, cacao joven, cacao maduro y cacao viejo, con valoresde COS entre cero a 0,10 m de 25,6 g kg, 35,8 g kg, 13,2 g kg y 10,5 g kg respetivamente, y las clases textural predominante son: franco arcillo limosa (0-0,10 cm) y franco arcillosa (0,30-0,40 cm). En cada suelo se delimitó 1 ha para tomar muestras de suelo a: cuatro profundidades cada 10 cm. Los atributos topográficos: area drenada (AS), factor de transporte de sedimentos (LS) y humedad del suelo (WTI), fueron tomados de un modelo de elevación digital (MDE) con una resolución de 12x12m. Los rangos de COS disminuyeron desde parte media de la zona en estudio (banano 38,4-8,1 Mg ha-1; cacao joven 36,20-10,50 Mg ha-1; cacao viejo 13,80-0,94 Mg ha-1) con mayor pendiente (10 a 20 %) hacia la parte baja (cacao maduro 18.80-08.40 Mg ha-1). El uso de suelo cacao joven mostró el mayor valor de AS (10 286,5) y en LS (11,44). También se determinó diferencias significativas con el factor LS por cultivo y se correlacionó con el total de COS. Por tanto, LS (escorrentia) es el atributo topográfico que más influyo en el almacenamiento de COS.

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Senisterra, Gabriela Elba, Fernanda Julia Gaspari et María Isabel Delgado. « Zonificación de la vulnerabilidad ambiental en una cuenca serrana rural, Argentina ». Revista Estudios Ambientales - Environmental Studies Journal 3, n^o 1 (30 août 2015) : 38–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47069/estudios-ambientales.v3i1.1047.

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La conservación y rehabilitación de tierras constituye una parte esencial del desarrollo agrícola sustentable. En las últimas décadas se ha entablado una discusión en torno al concepto de vulnerabilidad, tomando fuerza en diferentes áreas del conocimiento, considerándose diferentes tipos de vulnerabilidades como son ambiental, social y socioambiental. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo estudiar los cambios en la vulnerabilidad ambiental espacio-temporal de una cuenca serrana en el período 1986 - 2011. El área de estudio abarcó la cabecera de la cuenca experimental del arroyo Napaleofú, ubicada en el sistema serrano de Tandilia, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. La vulnerabilidad ambiental en la cuenca se estableció a partir de la zonificación cartográfica y procesamiento geoespacial de factores condicionantes (Posición del terreno, Textura del suelo, Vegetación y uso del suelo, Pendiente y Densidad de drenaje) y activadores (Índice de Fournier Modificado), utilizando Sistemas de Información Geográfica. El factor que mayor influencia ejerció sobre la vulnerabilidad ambiental en la cuenca fue el uso del suelo, evidenciado por el aumento de la superficie ocupada por la agricultura en el período estudiado. La determinación del aumento de vulnerabilidad ambiental asociada a los cambios de uso del suelo en la cuenca demostró la necesidad de implementar un plan de ordenamiento territorial, tendiente a la aplicación de prácticas agropecuarias sustentables. Abstract Conservation and land remediation represents an essential part of sustainable agricultural development. In the last decades it has being initiated a discussion about the concept of vulnerability, including different areas of knowledge, considering different types of vulnerabilities such as the natural, environmental, social and socio-environmental. We aimed to study the changes of spatio-temporal environmental vulnerability of a hilly watershed, for the period 1986-2011. The study area included the upper watershed of the Napaleofú Creek, located in the hilly system of Tandilia, province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The environmental vulnerability was established by mapping and geospatial process of conditioning (Land position, Soil texture, Land use, Slope and Drainage density) and activating (Fournier Modified Index) factors, using a Geographic Information System. Land use was the factor that showed more influence on the environmental vulnerability, based on the increase of the area occupied by agriculture in the period 1986-2011. Increment of environmental vulnerability associated with land use changes in the watershed highlighted the need to implement sustainable agricultural practices towards a future territorial management.

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Sosa-Hernández, Juan Eduardo, Mariel Araceli Oyervides-Muñoz, Elda M. Melchor-Martínez, Erin M. Driver, Devin A. Bowes, Simona Kraberger, Sofia Liliana Lucero-Saucedo et al. « Extensive Wastewater-Based Epidemiology as a Resourceful Tool for SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance in a Low-to-Middle-Income Country through a Successful Collaborative Quest : WBE, Mobility, and Clinical Tests ». Water 14, n^o 12 (8 juin 2022) : 1842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14121842.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged healthcare systems worldwide. Efforts in low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs) cannot keep stride with infection rates, especially during peaks. A strong international collaboration between Arizona State University (ASU), Tec de Monterrey (TEC), and Servicios de Agua y Drenaje de Monterrey (Local Water Utilities) is acting to integrate wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) of SARS-CoV-2 in the region as a complementary approach to aid the healthcare system. Wastewater was collected from four sewer catchments in the Monterrey Metropolitan area in Mexico (pop. 4,643,232) from mid-April 2020 to February 2021 (44 weeks, n = 644). Raw wastewater was filtered and filter-concentrated, the RNA was extracted using columns, and the Charité/Berlin protocol was used for the RT-qPCR. The viral loads obtained between the first (June 2020) and second waves (February 2021) of the pandemic were similar; in contrast, the clinical cases were fewer during the first wave, indicating poor coverage. During the second wave of the pandemic, the SARS-CoV-2 quantification in wastewater increased 14 days earlier than the COVID-19 clinical cases reported. This is the first long-term WBE study in Mexico and demonstrates its value in pandemic management.

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Ferreira, Gustavo, Marta Marizza et Leticia Rodríguez. « Utilización de información procedente de teledetección para el análisis de sistemas subterráneos ». Aqua-LAC 4, n^o 1 (31 mars 2012) : 09–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29104/phi-aqualac/2012-v4-1-02.

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En áreas de llanura como la zona central de Argentina, el riesgo de anegamiento de zonas rurales y urbanas está asociado a la presencia de una superficie freática cercana a la superficie. Además, la relación de los niveles freáticos con la producción agropecuaria constituye un tema de investigación creciente dado su enorme impacto socioeconómico. En estas áreas, la posición del nivel freático está en directa relación con los factores climáticos, topográficos y geológicos, el uso de la tierra y la presencia o ausencia de canales de drenaje. Las fluctuaciones de los niveles freáticos están muy influenciadas por la recarga debida a las precipitaciones y a la descarga provocada por la evapotranspiración, el drenaje artificial y la percolación profunda. Estos mecanismos tienen importancia relativa diferente en función de la posición del nivel freático respecto de la superficie del suelo. Conocer la profundidad del nivel freático es tan o más necesaria a escala regional que local, con el fin de implementar estrategias eficaces de manejo de recursos hídricos para la producción agrícola-ganadera y la mitigación del riesgo de inundaciones. La información satelital surge entonces como una alternativa atractiva brindando la extensión areal deseada con una periodicidad adecuada. El desafío es entonces vincular información remotamente sensada con variables que caractericen el sistema subterráneo. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de correlacionar variables derivadas de imágenes satelitales como la evapotranspiración, con la posición del nivel freático, en una estación freatimétrica situada en la llanura central de Argentina, mediante la aplicación de un balance hídrico simplificado. La metodología aplicada a una serie de 5 años (2004-2009), permitió inferir los niveles freáticos medios mensuales en la zona de estudio los que fluctuaron entre aproximadamente 4 y 8 m de profundidad. Teniendo en cuenta las simplificaciones establecidas en la metodología, la estimación de los niveles fue satisfactoria, ya que el error promedio para el período analizado fue de 0,36 m, correspondiente al 6 % de la profundidad media mensual. En la actualidad, la metodología se está probando en otros puntos de validación para reducir las incertidumbres del método y probar su aplicabilidad en diferentes sectores de la cuenca, con el fin de generar mapas de niveles freáticos a escala regional, que permitan implementar estrategias eficaces de manejo de recursos hídricos.

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Deniz, Mehmet, et Mustafa Topuz. « Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) Destekli Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleri ve Analitik Hiyerarşi Tekniği Kullanarak Uşak Merkez İlçede Alternatif Çöplük Alanlarının Belirlenmesi / Alternative Landfill Site Selection in Uşak District by Using Multi-Criteria Decisionmaking Analysis Supported by Geographical Information Systems (GIS) With Analytic Hierarchy Process ». Journal of History Culture and Art Research 7, n^o 5 (31 décembre 2018) : 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v7i5.1830.

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AbstractThe increasing world population began to concentrate in cities especially after the Industrial Revolution. After the Second World War, societies with over consumption have brought with it the waste problem. In particular, the growth of urban areas, both as a population and as an area, has led to the increase of waste material and the existing landfills located in the border of the city. This situation, which can lead to health consequences, has led local and central governments to find new landfills. When the literature is examined, it has been seen that studies about the subject have been made. In this study, alternative landfill areas were determined in Uşak Central District by using geographical information systems and analytic hierarchy process which is one of the multi criteria decision making methods. The analytical hierarchy process used in the method part is the multi criteria decision making method, which allows to determine the degree of importance based on the Pair-wise comparisons of the determined criteria. In determining the alternative sites, rivers, settlements, lands, faults, landslide, slope, agricultural value of the area, land use type, transportation networks, geological formations, large soil classes and distance to airport were taken into consideration. The maps of the criteria were prepared using ArcMap software. Euclidean distance analysis was applied and reclasify was performed. Distance between settlements and rivers was determined as the most important criteria at the end of the Pair-wise comparisons. Weighted overlay was applied by using weight ratios determined by analytical hierarchy method and alternative sites were determined. As a result of the analysis, six different sites in total 1522 hectares were found suitable near Dışkaya, Taşkonak, Yenişehir, Bağbaşı, Bozköy, Göğem and Karlık villages. The results of the study were limited to GIS analysis. The presence of a dense settlement and stream drenage in the research area has limited the storage space.ÖzArtan dünya nüfusu özellikle Sanayi Devriminden sonra şehirlerde yoğunlaşmaya başlamıştır. İkinci Dünya Savaşından sonra aşırı tüketime yönelen toplumlar atık problemini de beraberinde getirmiştir. Özellikle şehirsel alanların hem nüfus hem de alan olarak büyümesi atık madde artışının yanında mevcut çöp depolama alanlarının şehrin içinde kalmasına da neden olmuştur. Sağlığı tehlikeye sokabilen sonuçlara sebep olan bu durum yerel ve merkezi yönetimleri yeni deponi alanları bulmaya itmiştir. Literatür incelendiğinde konu ile ilgili çalışmaların yapıldığı görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada coğrafi bilgi sistemleri ve çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden bir tanesi olan analitik hiyerarşi kullanılarak Uşak Merkez ilçesinde alternatif atık depolama alanı yerleri belirlenmiştir. Yöntem kısmında kullanılan analitik hiyerarşi, belirlenen kriterlerin ikili karşılaştırmalarına dayanan önem derecelerinin belirlenmesini sağlayan ÇKKV yöntemidir. Çalışmada alternatif sahaların belirlenmesinde akarsular, yerleşim alanları, bakı, faylar, heyelan, eğim, sahanın tarımsal değeri, arazi kullanım şekli, ulaşım ağları, jeolojik formasyonları, büyük toprak sınıfları ve havaalanına olan mesafe olmak üzere on iki kriter dikkate alınmıştır. Kriterlerin haritaları ArcMap yazılımı kullanılarak hazırlanmıştır. Çalışmada öklid mesafe analizi uygulanarak yeniden ağırlıklandırma işlemleri yapılmıştır. İkili karşılaştırmalar sonunda yerleşmelere ve akarsulara olan uzaklık en önemli ölçütler olarak belirlenmiştir. Analitik hiyerarşi yöntemi ile belirlenen ağırlık oranları kullanılarak çakıştırma işlemi (weighted overlay) uygulanmış ve alternatif sahalar belirlenmiştir. Analiz sonucunda Dışkaya, Taşkonak, Yenişehir, Bağbaşı, Bozköy, Göğem ve Karlık köyleri yakınlarında toplam 1522 hektarlık altı farklı saha uygun bulunmuştur. Araştırmanın sonuçları CBS analizleri ile sınırlı tutulmuştur. Araştırma sahasında yoğun bir yerleşme ve akarsu ağının bulunması depolama alanı yapılabilecek yerleri sınırlamıştır.

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Schomaker, C. H., et T. H. Been. « A Model for Infestation Foci of Potato Cyst Nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida ». Phytopathology® 89, n^o 7 (juillet 1999) : 583–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1999.89.7.583.

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Infestation foci of potato cyst nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida) in the provinces of Zeeland, Friesland, Groningen, and Drente of the Netherlands were sampled to validate a model describing infestation foci based on data from Flevoland. Eighty-two fields were presampled to locate infestation foci using a coarse sampling grid (8 × 3 m). Parts of 37 fields containing one or more foci were sampled intensively by extracting at least 1.5 kg of soil per square meter (1.33 × 0.75 m). Forty foci were analyzed for spatial distribution characteristics of cysts using multiple regression with generalized linear models and classical linear models. The results showed that the data from all investigated cropping areas fit well to an exponential model with two parameters, the length and width gradient parameters. Significant differences in these parameter values between cropping areas could not be demonstrated. As both parameters follow a normal distribution, the probability of any combination can be described by a bivariate normal distribution. Gradient parameters were correlated, but significant correlations between these parameters and certain variables such as the nematode species involved, the time interval between sampling and the last potato crop, soil type, cropping frequency, and cyst density in the focus center could not be demonstrated.

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Vargas Cuervo, Germán. « Metodología para la cartografía de zonas de susceptibilidad a los deslizamientos a partir de sensores remotos y S.I.G. » Boletín Geológico 34, n^o 1 (1 janvier 1994) : 59–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.32685/0120-1425/bolgeol34.1.1994.393.

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Sistemas de Información Geográfica (GIS) y mapas digitales obtenidos de imágenes SPOT-XS y LANDSAT-TM y un Modelo Digital de Terreno (MNT), han facilitado desarrollar un nuevo método de correlación para obtener diferentes mapas de susceptibilidad del terreno a los deslizamientos. Este método, basado sobre un análisis estadístico, determina cuantitativamente el peso o grado de susceptibilidad de cada unidad de terreno hacia tres tipos de deslizamientos, clasificados por su edad, actividad y dimensiones: mayor activo, menor activo y antiguo inactivo. Siete factores de terreno han sido considerados en este estudio: litología, estructural (densidad de lineamientos), uso y ocupación del suelo, inclinación de pendientes, orientación de pendientes, y densidad de drenaje. Este estudio también demuestra que en areas de frecuente nubosidad donde es difícil obtener imágenes estereoscópicas Spot, la combinación de SPOT-XS y LANOSA T-TM por correlación automática permitió obtener la estereoscopía y un MNT, el cual fue de gran utilidad en la cartografía de los mapas de susceptibilidad. El área piloto se localiza en la cordillera oriental de los Andes colombianos sobre el valle alto del río Chicamocha, la cual representa un laboratorio natural para la aplicación del método aquí desarrollado.

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Ramaj, Lorik, et Sadete Hasani. « Nutrition, physical activity and lifestyle as important indicators for the body mass index in high school students ». Journal of Education, Health and Sport 11, n^o 9 (8 septembre 2021) : 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2021.11.09.019.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the problems of underweight, overweight and obesity in young people of high school in Drenas, respectively a sample of 150 adolescents (73 males and 77 females aged 17 years). The research was conducted in the physical education class, initially was performed measurement of weight and height then the questionnaire with 26 questions. Data were collected with the statistical program SPSS version 21.0, descriptive analysis was performed with (Mean and standard deviation), all variables were tested for normality, significant level (significant level p <0.05). Results of anthropometric characteristics, the average age was 17.2 years. Weight / kg for men was 59.4 kg for women 57.3kg the average for both genders was 58.3 (± 6.2) kg. Height / cm males 1.68cm, females 1.61cm the average of both genders was 1.64 (± 6.6) cm. BMI body mass index kg / m² in men 21.0, women 22.1, the average of both sexes 21.55 kg / m5. The results show that men have lower BMI (p> 0.05) 21.55 kg / m² than girls with 22.1 kg / m². Data showed underweight males are 12%, and females 10%. BMI Normal male 74%, and female 69%. Overweight males 11%, females 13% while a significant difference was observed between obese boys and girls (obese) males 3% and females 8%. The analysis of the questionnaire showed that small percentages are involved in collective or individual sports, the most pronounced participation in sports was identified: football, volleyball and basketball, and relatively satisfactory were physical activity in household activities. It is recommended to build outdoor fitness and sports gyms, as well as the opening of various sports clubs in this area, and to have more research in this area, to prove the institucions how important are places for sport and physical activities.

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Silva, Adriana cassiano, et Osvaldo Girão da Silva. « ANALISES DOS PADRÕES E ESTILOS DE CANAIS A PARTIR DA PAISAGEM GEOMORFOLÓGICA FLUVIAL NA BACIA DO RIO UNA/PE ». Revista Cerrados 14, n^o 02 (18 mars 2020) : 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22238/rc24482692v14n22016p71a92.

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Os estilos fluviais refletem a fisiografia estrutural da rede de drenagem controladas pelos estratos rochosos, retratando na paisagem sua dinâmica, assim como os padrões de canais, que podem ser alterados por processos geomorfológicos, climáticos e antrópicos. O quadro dos estilos fluvial fornece um modelo geomorfológico dos processos espaciais e temporais biofísicos para gestão e planejamento das bacias hidrográficas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as influências do comportamento no canal da bacia do rio Una localizado no Nordeste do Estado de Pernambuco, a partir da investigação das feições da drenagem como reflexo da transferência de matéria e energia entre distintos compartimentos e setores do ambiente fluvial. A metodologia proporcionou uma visão geral de toda área analisada, a partir da avaliação do índice de sinuosidade, mapeamento dos estilos e das feições fluviais, perfis longitudinais e trabalhos de observação em campo. Assim, constatou-se que a influência estrutural na rede de drenagem da referida bacia comandou a retilineidade do canal Una, com quebra no gradiente topográfico, inflexão do canal e vales encaixados. Nesse ambiente, verificou-se que a produção e deposição dos sedimentos estão vinculados as influências do clima tropical. Palavras-Chave: Feição Fluvial; Estrutura; Instabilidade; Deposição de Sedimentos. ANALYSIS OF PATTERNS AND CHANNEL STYLE FROM THE LANDSCAPE GEOMORPHOLOGICAL FLUVIAL IN RIVER BASIN UNA/ PE Abstract The river styles reflect the structural physiography drainage network controlled by the rock strata, depicting the landscape dynamics, as well as channel patterns, which can be changed by geomorphological, climatic and anthropogenic processes. The fluvial styles of the table provides a geomorphological model of spatial processes and biophysical time for planning and management of river basins. This study aimed to analyze the influence of behavior on the channel of the river basin Una located in the northeastern state of Pernambuco, from the investigation of drainage features reflecting the transfer of matter and energy between different compartments and sections of the river environment. The methodology provided an overview of the whole analyzed area, from the evaluation of the sinuosity index, mapping styles and river features, longitudinal profiles and field observation work. Thus, it was found that the structural influence on the basin drainage network commanded the straightness of Una channel, breaking the topographic gradient, channel inflection and enclosed valleys. In this environment, it found that the production and deposition of sediments are bound influences the tropical climate. Keywords: Fluvial feature, structure, Instability, Deposition of Sediments. ANÁLISIS DE PATRONES Y CANALES DE ESTILOS DE PAISAJE DEL RÍO GEOMORFOLÓGICO EN UNA DE CUENCA / PE Resumen Los estilos de los ríos reflejan la red estructural de drenaje fisiografía controlado por los estratos de roca, que representa la dinámica del paisaje, así como los patrones de canal, que puede ser cambiado por procesos geomorfológicos, climáticos y antropogénicos. Los estilos fluviales de la tabla proporciona un modelo geomorfológico de los procesos espaciales y el tiempo biofísico para la planificación y gestión de las cuencas hidrográficas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la influencia del comportamiento en el canal de la cuenca del río Una ubicada en el nororiental estado de Pernambuco, a cercar de la investigación de las características de drenaje que refleja la transferencia de materia y energía entre los distintos compartimentos y secciones del entorno del río. La metodología proporciona una visión general de toda la zona analizada, de la evaluación del índice de sinuosidad, la cartografía de estilos y características de ríos, perfiles longitudinales y trabajos de observación de campo. Por lo tanto, se encontró que la influencia estructural en la red de drenaje cuenca mandó la rectitud de canal Una, rompiendo el gradiente topográfico, la inflexión del canal y valles cerrados. En este entorno, se encontró que la producción y deposición de sedimentos están obligados influencias del clima tropical. Palabras clave: río de funciones; la estrutura; la inestabilidad; la deposición de sedimentos.

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Carvalho Molinari, Deivison. « Áreas de risco a voçorocamento em Manaus/AM : Uma contribuição à Geografia Ambiental ». AMBIENTES : Revista de Geografia e Ecologia Política 4, n^o 2 (28 décembre 2022) : 15–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.48075/amb.v4i2.30322.

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Este trabalho consiste numa análise geográfico-geomorfológica das áreas de risco a voçorocamento em Manaus a partir do ponto de vista da produção sócio-espacial, tomando como base os pressupostos teóricos-conceituais da Geografia Ambiental. Os resultados permitem afirmar que as imbricações entre a produção sócio-espacial e as áreas de risco a voçorocamento em Manaus apresentam como traços marcantes a inadequação do sistema de drenagem pluvial (dimensionamento das tubulações, disposição da saída das águas e dissipadores de energia), frequentemente localizada em ruas sem saída e/ou áreas desmatadas e/ou terraplanadas e sua localização nos espaços de contato de produção sócio-espacial e histórica diferenciada (espaços antigos X espaços recentes; ou, bairro/loteamentos/conjuntos/ocupação X área verde/unidades de conservação/fragmentos florestais/áreas de preservação permanente; ou, bairro/conjunto/loteamento X ocupação irregular “invasões”) no interior dos bairros reconhecidos pela legislação municipal. Por conseguinte, as áreas de risco constituem verdadeiros “epicentros da vulnerabilidade ambiental” dentro do bairro/conjunto, ou seja, são “periferias dentro da periferia” uma vez que delimitam espacialmente o espectro da população mais alijada dos direitos e garantias fundamentais esculpidos na Constituição Federal de 1988. Palavras-chave: Áreas de risco; Voçorocas; Manaus; Amazonas. Areas of risk of gully erosion in Manaus, state of Amazonas: A contribution to environmental geography Abstract This work consists of a geographic-geomorphological analysis of areas at risk for gully erosion in Manaus from the viewpoint of socio-spatial production and based on the theoretical-conceptual assumptions of environmental geography. The results allow us to assert that the overlaps between socio-spatial production and areas at risk in terms of gully erosion in Manaus present as striking features the inadequacy of the rainwater drainage system (piping sizing, disposal of water outlets and energy dissipators), often located in dead-end streets and/or deforested and/or levelled areas; a further feature is its location in the contact areas of spaces differentiated by socio-spatial and historical production within neighbourhoods recognized by municipal legislation (old spaces versus recent spaces; or, neighbourhood/subdivisions/sets/occupation versus green area/unit conservation areas/forest fragments/permanent preservation areas; or, neighbourhood/set/subdivision versus irregular occupations). Therefore, the risk areas constitute true ‘epicentres of environmental vulnerability’ within the neighbourhood/set, that is, they correspond to a ‘periphery within the periphery’ since it spatially delimits the spectrum of the population most excluded from the rights and fundamental guarantees carved in the Federal Constitution of 1988. Keywords: Risk areas; Gully erosion; Manaus; Amazonas. Áreas de riesgo para barrancos en Manaus/AM: Una contribución a la Geografía Ambiental Resumen Este trabajo consiste en un análisis geográfico-geomorfológico de las áreas de riesgo a barrancos en Manaus a partir de la producción socio-espacial, basado en los presupuestos teóricos-conceptuales de la Geografía Ambiental. Los resultados permiten afirmar que las imbricaciones entre la producción socio-espacial y las áreas de riesgo a barrancos en Manaus presentan como rasgos llamativas la inadecuación del sistema de drenaje pluviales (dimensionamiento de las tuberías, disposición de la salida de las aguas y disipadores de energía), a menudo ubicados en calles sin salida y/o áreas deforestadas y/o aterrazadas y su localización en los espacios de contacto de producción socio-espacial e histórica diferenciada (espacios antiguos X espacios recientes; o, barrio /parcelas/ asentamientos /ocupación X zona verde/unidades de conservación/fragmentos forestales/áreas de preservación permanente; o, barrio/conjunto/asignación X ocupación irregular "invasiones") dentro de los barrios reconocidos por la legislación municipal. Por lo tanto, las áreas de riesgo constituyen verdaderos "epicentros de la vulnerabilidad ambiental" dentro del barrio/conjunto, es decir, son "periferias dentro de la periferia" ya que delimitan espacialmente el espectro de la población más alejada de los derechos y garantías fundamentales esculpidos en la Constitución Federal de 1988. Palabras clave: Áreas de riesgo; Barrancos; Manaus ; Amazonas.

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Quinonez Fernandez, Oscar Vicente. « SIMULAÇÃO DA VAZÃO MÁXIMA PELO MÉTODO DE VEN TE CHOW (SCS) EM BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS URBANIZADAS DE MARECHAL CÂNDIDO RONDON, PARANÁ / SIMULATION OF PEAK DISCHARGE FROM URBAN WATERSHEDS AT MARECHAL CÂNDIDO RONDON (BRAZIL) USING VEN TE CHOW METHOD ». Geographia Meridionalis 4, n^o 2 (28 janvier 2019) : 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.15210/gm.v4i2.14502.

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O incremento da urbanização tem causado alterações hidrológicas nas bacias hidrográficas acarretando aumento de enchentes e alagamentos. O objetivo do trabalho é estimar a vazão máxima no exutório das bacias que drenam a área urbana de Marechal Cândido Rondon, Oeste do Paraná. O método empregado é o ven te Chow – Soil Conservation Service (SCS), um modelo hidrológico de transformação de chuvas em vazões. As bacias estudadas foram: Peroba, cabeceira do Guavirá, Bonito, Guará, Matilde-cuê, Borboleta e Apepu. As vazões máximas foram simuladas para diversos tempo de duração da chuva e tempo de retorno da precipitação de 2, 5, 10 e 20 anos. A área de drenagem das bacias variou de 5,01 km2 (Bonito) a 16,23 km2 (Guará) e a área impermeabilizada variou de 8,30 % (Peroba) a 63,83 % (Matilde-cuê), conforme mapa de uso da terra realizado com imagens orbitais obtidas em 2013. Foi constatado que as vazões máximas simuladas não apresentaram uma associação direta com a urbanização, sugerindo a maior influência das características morfométricas e pedológicas das bacias na geração do escoamento superficial.ABSTRACTThe increase in urbanization has caused hydrological changes in the watersheds, resulting in flooding. The objective of this work is to estimate the peak discharge in the watersheds that drain the urban area of Marechal Cândido Rondon, Western region of Paraná state, Brazil. The method used is the ven te Chow - Soil Conservation Service (SCS), a hydrological model for transforming rainfall into surface runoff. The watersheds studied were: Peroba, headwaters of Guavirá, Bonito, Guará, Matilde-cuê, Borboleta and Apepu. The peaks discharges were simulated for several rain duration times and rainfall return time of 2, 5, 10 and 20 years. The drainage area ranged from 5.01 km2 (Bonito) to 16.23 km2 (Guará) and the impervious area ranged from 8.30% (Peroba) to 63.83% (Matilde-cuê), according to the land use made with orbital images obtained in 2013. It was verified that the peak discharge simulated did not present a direct association with the urbanization, suggesting the greater influence of the morphometric and pedological characteristics of the watersheds in the generation of the surface runoff.Keywords: Urbanization; Floods; Simulation method of discharges.

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Fjeldså, J. « The decline and probable extinction of the Colombian GrebePodiceps andinus ». Bird Conservation International 3, n^o 3 (septembre 1993) : 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900000915.

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SummarySearches were made for the Colombian GrebePodiceps andinusin 1981 in the wetlands in the Eastern Andes of Colombia. The studies also included surveys of other waterbirds and recorded the general conditions of these wetlands, once the stronghold for waterbirds in the northern Andes. The Colombian Grebe was apparently last seen in 1977 in Lake Tota, and is probably extinct, although a flock may have been moving around outside Lake Tota and could have settled outside the former breeding area. The primary reason for the decline must be draining of wetlands and eutrophication and siltation which destroyed the open submergentPotamogetonvegetation, where this grebe may have been feeding on a large diversity of arthropods. Introduction of exotic fish and hunting may also have played a role.Durante 1981 se han realizado varias expedidones en busca dePodiceps andinusen las zonas húmedas de los Andes Orientales de Colombia. Durante estos estudios también se censaron otras aves acuáticas y se tomaron notas sobre el estado general de éstas zonas húmedas, que en el pasado fueron el principal enclave para las aves acuáticas en los Andes del Norte. AparentementePodiceps andinusfué visto por última vez en 1977 en el Lago Tota, y está probablemente extinguido, aunque podría haber un bando en las inmediaciones de dicho lago que se hay a establecido fuera de la antigua área de cría. La razón fundamental del declive debe ser el drenaje de las zonas húmedas y la eutrofización y salinización que ha destruido la vegetatión sumergida dePotamogeton, donde ésta especie se alimentaba de una gran variedad de artrópodos. La introducción de peces exóticos y la caza pueden haber influido también.

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Rosa, Kátia Kellem da, Rosemary Vieira et Jefferson Cardia Simões. « Variabilidade do Processo de Descarga de Água de Degelo Glacial para o Ambiente Glacimarinho da Enseada Martel, ilha Rei George, Antártica (Variability of Water Discharge Process of Melting Ice Environment Glacimarinho of Martel Inlet, Rei George...) ». Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 4, n^o 4 (22 janvier 2012) : 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v4i4.232741.

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A liberação da água estocada no sistema glacial depende da variabilidade da descarga de água de degelo pelas geleiras para o ambiente glacimarinho. Com o processo de retração das geleiras, torna-se importante o monitoramento destes processos. Neste trabalho, a dinâmica hidrológica de geleiras que drenam para a enseada Martel, ilha Rei George, Shetlands do Sul, Antártica, foi investigada através de informações do aporte de água de degelo para o ambiente glacimarinho. Foram realizadas mensurações de vazão no canal proglacial da geleira Wanda e análises da distribuição espacial dos fluxos de água de degelo das geleiras que drenam para a enseada através de técnicas de processamento de imagem ASTER. Resultados demonstram que esses processos liberam um grande fluxo de água de degelo dentro da circulação estuarina, tanto por fluxos em canais proglaciais, provenientes da fusão de geleiras de término terrestre, quanto das geleiras de maré. Esses podem refletir a variabilidade climática evidenciada na área de estudo. Dados demonstraram que há uma correlação direta entre a variabilidade da descarga de água de degelo, a profundidade do perfil do canal proglacial e o aumento da temperatura média do ar local. Assim, o uso desta metodologia possui potencial para o uso no desenvolvimento de modelos de monitoramento da variabilidade dos processos de estocagem de água de degelo. Flutuações nos fluxos de água de degelo podem acarretar mudanças ambientais na dinâmica glacial, na produção de sedimentos glaciais, no nível médio local do mar e nos níveis de salinidade no ambiente glacimarinho.Palavras chaves: estocagem hídrica, mudanças ambientais, descarga de água de degelo, ambiente glacimarinho, canais proglaciais Variability of Water Discharge Process of Melting Ice Environment Glacimarinho of Martel Inlet, Rei George Island, Antarctica ABSTRACTThe release of water storage in glacial system depends on meltwater discharge variability by glacimarine environment. With the glacial retreat, the monitor these processes become relevant for glaciological studies. In this work, the hydrological dynamic of the glaciers with flow for Martel inlet, King George Island, South Shetlands, Antarctica, was investigated through of meltwater contribution date for glacimarine environment. Was performed discharge measurements in proglacial channel at Wanda glacier and analyzed the spatial meltwater contribution of the glaciers in inlet through Aster image processing techniques. Results show that these processes release significantly meltwater flow for Martel inlet by proglacial channels, provided for proglacial terminus glaciers, and tidewater glaciers. These processes can be consequence of climatic variability evidenced in study area. Date show the correlation between the meltwater discharge variability, the proglacial channel profile depth and the air temperate increase. Thus, the application of methodology has potential for variability glacial water storage monitoring studies. Meltwater discharge fluctuations can provide environmental changes in glacial dynamic, glacial sediment yield, level sea and salinity levels in study area.Keywords: water storage, environmental change, melting water discharge, glacimarine environmental, proglacial channel

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Tamasauskas, Priscilla Flores Leão Ferreira, Larisse Fernanda Pereira de Souza, Aline Maria Meiguins de Lima, Márcia Aparecida da Silva Pimentel et Edson José Paulino da Rocha. « Métodos de avaliação da influência das áreas ripárias na sustentabilidade hidrológica em bacias hidrográficas no nordeste do estado do Pará / Assessment methods of the influence of riparian areas in hydrologic sustainability (...) ». Caderno de Geografia 26, n^o 45 (30 décembre 2015) : 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2318-2962.2016v26n45p172.

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As bacias hidrográficas do rio Caripi e do Igarapé Açu localizam-se nos municípios de Marapanim e Igarapé Açu, compondo o conjunto de bacias costeiras de comportamento fluvio-estuarino que drenam a região nordeste do estado do Pará. O processo de uso e ocupação do solo na região tem mostrado uma tendência de ameaça a manutenção do potencial hídrico destas bacias, por esta razão este trabalho objetivou avaliar diferentes métodos de determinação da área de floresta ripária e sua relação com a sustentabilidade hídrica. A metodologia consistiu em definir as áreas de floresta ripária a partir de dois métodos de análise espacial e a aplicação do resultado no cálculo do Índice de Sustentabilidade Hídrica. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que as bacias encontram-se em situação de moderada sustentabilidade, porém a distribuição das classes de cobertura e uso do solo indicam que existe a fragmentação dos sistemas florestais e a redução das áreas que deveria ser de floresta ripária. As técnicas adotadas diferem quanto a nível de cobertura da informação, indicando que a proximidade do modelo hidrológico da bacia depende das variáveis consideradas e da precisão do processo de análise espacial adotado.Palavras–chave: análise espacial, paisagem, uso e cobertura do solo. Abstract The basins of Caripi and Igarapé Açu rivers belong to the municipalities of Marapanim and Igarapé Açu in Para state. They are part of the coastal catchment system with fluvial-estuarine behavior that drain the northeastern state of Para. The process of land use and land occupation represent a threat on the potential of water maintenance in these basins. Therefore, this study evaluated different methods for determining the riparian forest area and its relation to water sustainability. The methodology adopted aimed to identify the areas of riparian forest with two spatial analysis methods and applies the Hydric Sustainability Index. The results obtained show that the basins are in a situation of moderate sustainability, but the distribution of land cover and land use indicates a fragmentation of forest systems and the reduction of areas that should be a riparian forest. The adopted techniques differ in the level of coverage of information, where the precision of hydrological model depends on the chosen variables and the accuracy of the spatial analysis process used.Keywords: spatial analysis, landscape, land use and land cover.

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SILVA, HILEANE BARBOSA, et CARLOS ERNANDO DA SILVA. « Qualidade da água de um parque urbano em Teresina, PI ». Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 13, n^o 5 (29 juillet 2020) : 2371. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v13.5.p2371-2387.

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A urbanização é um dos principais fatores de degradação dos recursos hídricos. Este trabalho analisou a qualidade da água de uma microbacia urbana drenada por um canal e duas lagoas, que compõem o paisagismo do Parque Ambiental Lagoas do Norte, em Teresina-PI. A qualidade das águas foi determinada mensalmente no período de novembro de 2017 a outubro de 2018 em seis pontos de monitoramento. Interpretou-se os resultados frente ao Índice de Qualidade da Água (IQA) e aos limites estabelecidos pela Resolução CONAMA 357/2005, considerando os aspectos de precipitação, demografia, infraestrutura sanitária e de uso e ocupação do solo. Os pontos de coleta foram agrupados por meio da análise hierárquica quanto à similaridade das variáveis de qualidade da água. A microbacia apresenta elevado percentual de área construída, baixa porcentagem de áreas verdes e ampla cobertura de rede esgoto. A qualidade da água das lagoas foi superior à do canal, apresentando melhor conformidade com legislação e maiores valores de IQA. A variação da qualidade da água entre as estações chuvosa (janeiro-maio) e seca (junho-dezembro) foi mais significativa em relação as variáveis Escherchia coli, fósforo total, turbidez, pH, sólidos totais e nitrato total. A análise hierárquica permitiu a associação dos pontos monitorados em três grupos distintos, consoante a interpretação da qualidade da água. O monitoramento contínuo da qualidade das águas destas lagoas se torna importante a fim de verificar a sua adequabilidade para diversos usos, em especial para recreação de contato secundário, considerando o potencial turístico e de lazer da região.Water quality of an urban park in Teresina, PI A B S T R A C TUrbanization is one of the main factors that degrade water resources. This study aimed to analyze the water quality of an urban microbasin drained by a canal and two pond that compose the landscaping of the Lagoas do Norte Environmental Park, in Teresina PI. Water quality was determined monthly from November 2017 to October 2018 at six monitoring points. The results were interpreted in relation to the Water Quality Index (WQI) and the limits established by Resolution CONAMA 357/2005, considering the aspects of precipitation, demography, sanitary infrastructure, land use and occupation. The collection points were grouped by hierarchical analysis regarding the similarity of water quality variables. The microbasin presents a high percentage of built area, low percentage of green areas and wide coverage of sewage network. The water quality of the ponds is superior of the canal, presenting better compliance with legislation and higher WQI values. The variation in water quality between the rainy (January-May) and dry (June-December) seasons was more significant in relation to the variables Escherchia coli, total phosphorus, turbidity, pH, total solids and total nitrate. The hierarchical analysis allowed the association of the monitored points in three distinct groups, consonant to the interpretation of water quality. Continuous monitoring of the quality of the water in these lagoons becomes important in order to verify their suitability for various uses, especially for secondary contact recreation, considering the region's tourist and leisure potential.Keywords: Water Quality Index. Use and occupation of soil. Urban microbasin.

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Carreira, José A., et F. Xavier Niell. « Análisis de componentes principales sobre datos multiespectrales “Landsat-TM” e interpretación de cubiertas vegetales en las Sierras de Tejeda y Almijara ». Acta Botanica Malacitana 20 (1 décembre 1995) : 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v20i.8846.

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La consideración simultánea de todas las bandas de reflectancia en el análisis de imágenes multiespectrales teledetectadas, representa un incremento en el volumen de datos a procesar proporcionalmente mucho mayor que la ganancia real de información que se consigue, lo que se debe a la elevada correlación existente entre aquéllas. En este trabajo se aplica un análisis de componentes principales a datos multiespectrales Landsat TM de las Sierras de Tejeda y Almijara, con el objeto de sumarizar los mismos sin una pérdida significativa de información. Los dos primeros componentes principales obtenidos recogieron más del 99% de la varianza total original. La imagen que se obtuvo a partir del primer componente principal representaba, aproximadamente, una suma ponderada de todas las intensidades de reflectancia en las distintas bandas consideradas (análoga, por tanto, a una fotografía en blanco y negro con una extensión en el infrarrojo) y mostró una interpretabilidad óptima para aspectos de topografía-relieve, red de drenaje y tipos litológicos. La imagen resultante del segundo componente principal (ya sin efecto de relieve) mostró la intensidad de señal "verde" del dosel vegetal y se correlacionaba significativamente con las obtenidas de la aplicación de índices espectrales de vegetación (RVI, NDVI) a los datos originales. El análisis preliminar de las imagenes indica problemas de deforestación grave en la zona (casi un 30% de la superficie con suelos desnudos, y hasta un 85% si se incluyen areas con vegetación dispersa). El análisis multivariado se ha confirmado como una herramienta útil para la interpretación de imágenes teledetectadas de la zona de estudio. Eventualmente, la obtención de la transformación de componentes principales por medio de un muestreo selectivo, proveería de algoritmos de transformación para los datos multiespectrales con los que se podría, por ejemplo, hacer un seguimiento de cambios en procesos tales como la deforestación.

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Pontes, Maissa Ludymilla Carvalho, Aline Maria Meiguins de Lima, João De Athaydes Silva Júnior et Carla Cristina de Azevedo Sadeck. « Dinâmica das áreas de várzea do município de Belém/PA e a influência da precipitação pluviométrica na formação de pontos alagamentos / Dynamics of lowland areas in the city of Belém/PA and the influence of rainfall in the flooding points formation ». Caderno de Geografia 27, n^o 49 (2 mai 2017) : 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2318-2962.2017v27n49p285.

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O município de Belém (PA) localiza-se numa região onde se acumulam as influências do regime fluvial e de marés, delimitada por uma extensa área de várzea urbanizada. Neste trabalho caracterizou-se a dinâmica das áreas de várzea do município de Belém (PA) em função da relação entre a variação da precipitação pluviométrica e a ocorrência de pontos de alagamentos. O método adotado constou da espacialização das ocorrências de alagamento em relação aos limites topográficos das áreas de várzea e caracterização do comportamento da precipitação pluviométrica, considerando sua variação de intensidade ao dia. Os resultados obtidos indicam que os pontos de alagamentos em Belém tem relação com as baixas topografias drenadas por 11 bacias hidrográficas de diferentes características físicas, porém existem ocorrências associadas a infraestrutura urbana inadequada, que dificulta o escoamento e a infiltração. A precipitação pluviométrica atua de forma conjugada ao efeito das marés para o aumento das condições de risco, porém a variabilidade das condições que influenciam a formação das áreas alagadas não permite inferir um volume mínimo capaz este processo. Palavras–chave: bacias hidrográficas; escoamento; áreas alagadas.Abstract The city of Belém (PA) is in a region with influence of the fluvial system and tides, limited by an urban floodplain. This work characterized the dynamics of floodplain areas in the city of Belém (PA) and their relationship with the rainfall intensity and the occurrence of flooding points. The method consisted of the spatial distribution of flooding points, in the relation with the topographical limits of floodplain areas and the characterization of rainfall, considering the intensity variation by day. The results indicate that the occurrence of flooding points in Belém is related to the low topographies drained by 11 watersheds with different physical characteristics, however also related with inadequate urban infrastructure, which hinders the runoff and infiltration. The rainfall and the effect of the tides act together to increase the risk conditions, but the variability of conditions that influence in the formation of flooding points does not permit infer a minimum volume for begin this process. Keywords: watershed; drainage; wetlands.

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Golekar, Rushikesh Baburao, Mukund Vasantrao Baride, Sanjaykumar Narayan Patil et S. H. Adil. « Altimetric and hypsometric analysis for soil and water conservation : A case study of Anjani and Jhiri river basin, Northern Maharashtra, India ». Earth Sciences Research Journal 19, n^o 1 (30 juin 2015) : 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v19n1.45175.

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The present paper contains longitudinal profile, hypsometric analysis of river basin and geomorphological studies for future planning of soil and water conservation in Anjani and Jhiri river basin, Jalgaon district, Maharashtra, India (20°45’ to 21°08’N Latitude and 75°09’ to 75°27’E Longitude). The main aim of the present study is to recommend a suitable site for soil and water conservation in Anjani and Jhiri river basin, Northern Maharashtra, India. The study area is geologically covered by Deccan trap basalts of the Cretaceous to the lower Eocene age, and some part is covered by thick alluvium of the Quaternary age. Drainage map of the study area reveals two drainage patterns including dendritic and sub dendritic patterns, indicating that the uniform lithology of the basaltic landforms has uniform resistance to erosion. This condition has caused the Anjani and Jhiri River get little recharge from the rainwater and the surface drainage flows during only monsoon season and latter becomes dry. Therefore, water conservation is a prime need for minimize water scarcity problems in the study area. In the present study, landscape information, such as longitudinal profile and hypsometric integral, has been analysed. The longitudinal profile reveals the presence of nick points at three locations in Anjani river and two locations in Jhiri river. The nick points indicate that the rapids are formed due to different erosion, relief and presence of lineament (Joint).The hypsometric integral values for the Anjani and Jhiri river are 0.52 and 0.51, respectively. The present research illustrates that both basins fall under equilibrium stage and are in a mature phase of development. ResumenEl presente artículo contiene el perfil longitudinal, el análisis altimétrico de las cuencas ribereñas y los estudios geomorfológicos para la planeación a futuro de la conservación de suelos y aguas de los ríos Anjani y Jhiri, en el distrito Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India (20° 45' a 21° 08' N de latitud y 75° 09' a 75° 27' E de longitud). El objetivo principal de este estudio es la identificación de un lugar apropiado para la conservación de agua y de suelos en las cuencas de los Anjani y Jhiri, al norte de Maharashtra. El área de estudio está geológicamente cubierta por basalto de las Traps del Decán, en la era del Cretáceo al bajo Eoceno, y por aluvión espeso de la era Cuaternaria. El mapa hidrográfico de la zona de estudio muestra dos modelos de drenaje, el dendrítico y el subdendítrico, lo que indica que la litología uniforme de los accidentes geográficos basálticos tiene una resistencia uniforme a la erosión. Esta condición ha causado que los ríos Anjani y Jhiri tengan una pequeña recarga proveniente de las aguas lluvias y de los drenajes superficiales durante la única estación monsónica del año y que luego se secan. Es por esto que la conservación del agua es una necesidad primaria para minimizar los problemas de escasez en el área de estudio. En el presente trabajo se analizó la información del paisaje, como el perfil longitudinal y la altimetría integral. El perfil longitudinal revela la presencia de cambios de gradiente en tres puntos del río Anjani y en dos puntos del Jhiri. Los cambios de gradiente indican que los rápidos se formaron debido a la erosión diferente, al relieve y presencia de lineamiento (convergencias). Los valores de altimetría integral para los ríos Anjani y Jhiri son de 0.52 y 0.51, respectivamente. La presente investigación muestra que ambas cuencas se encuentran en un escenario de equilibrio y en una fase madura de desarrollo.

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Bajoriūnas, Vytis, Romaldas Rubikas, Paulius Gradauskas, Diana Samiatina, Algirdas Vilčinskas et Leonas Jasulaitis. « Kraujo krešumo sistemos pokyčiai sergant paveldimąja plaučių emfizema ». Lietuvos chirurgija 3, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2005) : 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lietchirur.2005.1.2330.

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Vytis Bajoriūnas, Romaldas Rubikas, Paulius Gradauskas, Diana Samiatina, Algirdas Vilčinskas, Leonas JasulaitisKauno medicinos universitetoTorakalinės chirurgijos klinika,Eivenių g. 2, LT-50009 KaunasEl paštas: vbajoriunas@yahoo.de, torchir@takas.lt Įvadas Pateikiami penkių gydytų pacientų ligos istorijų duomenys, aprašoma kraujo krešumo sistemos patologija sergant paveldima plaučių emfizema. Ligoniai ir metodai 2000–2003 metais Torakalinės chirurgijos klinikoje gydyti penki vienos giminės nariai, sirgę spontaninio pneumotorakso komplikuota plaučių emfizema. Įgimta plaučių emfizema šeimoje sirgo ir šiuo metu serga 12 žmonių. Visi ligoniai buvo operuoti. Atliktos torakotomijos, rezekuota pažeista plaučio dalis, atlikta dalinė arba visiškoji pleurektomija, drenuota pleuros ertmė. Rezultatai Pooperaciniu laikotarpiu visiems ligoniams padidėjo kraujavimas į pleuros ertmę. Netekto kraujo tūris buvo papildomas hemotransfuzija, šviežiai šaldytos plazmos infuzijomis. Dėl kraujavimo į pleuros ertmę ar susidariusio hemotorakso buvo atliktos trys retorakotomijos. Pakartotinių operacijų metu buvo rastas įvairaus dydžio hemotoraksas (600–1100 ml), difuzinis kraujavimas iš krūtinės sienos be aiškaus vieno kraujavimo židinio. Visi pacientai pasveiko. Išvada Turimi duomenys yra būdingi įgimtam alfa-1 antitripsino sintezės defektui. Reikšminiai žodžiai: plaučių emfizema, spontaninis pneumotoraksas, pooperacinės komplikacijos, antitrombinas III Malfunction of blood clotting associated with hereditary pulmonary emphysema Vytis Bajoriūnas, Romaldas Rubikas, Paulius Gradauskas, Diana Samiatina, Algirdas Vilčinskas, Leonas JasulaitisClinic of Thoracic Surgery,Kaunas University of Medicine,Eivenių str. 2, LT-50009 Kaunas, LithuaniaE-mail: vbajoriunas@yahoo.de, torchir@takas.lt Background / objective There were five members of one family suffering from pulmonary emphysema complicated with spontaneous pneumothorax, treated at Kaunas Medical University Hospital since 2000 till 2003. The data from the case histories of all the patients are presented and the possible reasons for blood clotting dysfunction are discussed. Patients and methods Twelve members of the family have been or still are suffering from congenital pulmonary emphysema. Five members of the family were operated on. The surgey involved thoracotomy, resection of the damaged section of a lung, partial or total pleurectomy, pleural cavity drainage. Results All the patients underwent surgery, and in all cases the postoperative intrapleural bleeding was uncommonly intensive. In three cases rethoracotomies were performed. All patients survived. Conclusion The presented data characterise congenital alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. Keywords: pulmonary emphysema, spontaneous pneumothorax, post-operative complications, antithrombin

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Schwaner, Jacyanne Bessa Von, Rafaela Alen Costa Freire, Carlos Alberto Rodrigues Junior, Ray Almeida da Silva Rocha, Hugo de Carlos Maciel Rossoni, Daniela Maria Edilma Japiassu Custodio, Alexsandra Rossi, Danilo Garcia Ruiz, Allethéa Robertha Souza e. Silva et Paulo Geovanny Pedreira. « PIOMIOSITE TROPICAL COMPLICADA COM OSTEOMIELITE : RELATO DE CASO ». Revista de Patologia do Tocantins 5, n^o 3 (9 septembre 2018) : 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uft.2446-6492.2018v5n3p44.

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RESUMO Piomiosite tropical (PT) é uma doença infecciosa dos músculos esqueléticos que apresenta dor na área envolvida e é acompanhada pela formação de abscessos. A PT geralmente é mais predominante em homens e envolve os grandes músculos da cintura pélvica e extremidades inferiores. Aqui relatamos um caso de um paciente de 16 anos de idade, do sexo masculino que apresentou-se com história de dor e edema em joelho direito de início há 12 dias. As investigações laboratoriais não são específicas e raramente são úteis no diagnóstico de piomiosite. Os exames laboratoriais revelaram leucocitose com desvio à esquerda, VHS e PCR aumentados e cultura do sangue negativa. Várias modalidades de diagnóstico não invasivo, como USG, TC e RNM, podem ser utilizadas para avaliar pacientes com suspeita de infecção musculo-esquelética. Neste caso, foi utilizado inicialmente USG, que revelou presença de coleção purulenta em proximidade ao fêmur. Após, foi realizada RNM de joelho e coxa direitos, que revelou volumosa coleção líquida junto à superfície óssea do fêmur, associado a osteomielite extensa.Um grande volume de material purulento foi drenado após a incisão cirúrgica da região do abscesso, seguido do desbridamento do tecido muscular necrótico. As culturas do material de abscesso da coxa direita revelaram Staphylococcus aureus com perfil multi-suscetível, resistente apenas a penicilina. O tratamento com antibióticos apresentou boa resposta clínica. Palavras-chave: Piomiosite tropical; Osteomielite; Reumatologia. ABSTRACT Tropical pyomyositis (TP) is an infectious disease of the skeletal muscles that presents pain in the involved area and is accompanied by the formation of abscesses. TP is generally more prevalent in men and involves the large muscles of the pelvic girdle and lower extremities. Here we report a case of a 16-year-old male patient who presented with a history of pain and edema in the right knee onset 12 days ago. Laboratory investigations are not specific and are rarely useful in the diagnosis of pyomyositis. Laboratory tests revealed left leukocytosis, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein, and negative blood culture. Several non-invasive diagnostic modalities, such as USG, CT and MRI, can be used to evaluate patients with suspected musculoskeletal infection. In our case, USG was initially used, which revealed presence of a purulent collection in proximity to the femur. After that, it was performed knee and thigh right MRI, which revealed a large net collection near the bone surface of the femur, associated with extensive osteomyelitis. A large volume of purulent material was drained after surgical incision of the abscess region, followed by debridement of the tissue necrotic muscle. Cultures of the right thigh abscess material revealed S. aureus with a multi-susceptible profile, resistant only to penicillin. Treatment with antibiotics showed good clinical response. Keywords: Tropical pyomyositis; Osteomyelitis; Rheumatology.

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Pronckus, Vytautas Antanas, et Dobilas Barysas. « Išilginės apsukinės siūlės naudojimas gydant infekuotą žaizdą po širdies operacijų ». Lietuvos chirurgija 5, n^o 3 (1 janvier 2007) : 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lietchirur.2007.3.2232.

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Vytautas Antanas Pronckus, Dobilas BarysasVilniaus universiteto ligoninės Santariškių klinikų Širdies chirurgijos centras,Santariškių g. 2, LT-08661, VilniusEl paštas: vytautas.pronckus@santa.lt Įvadas / tikslas Gydant infekuotas žaizdas po širdies operacijų vis didesnę reikšmę įgauna gydymo trukmė, ligonio gyvensenos kokybė ir pasiekiamas kosmetinis efektas. Apsukinės siūlės naudojimas gali pagerinti ligonių savijautą, sumažinti gydomųjų procedūrų skaičių, pagreitinti žaizdos gijimą. Metodai Infekuotos žaizdos išplaunamos, jų kraštai atnaujinami, pašalinamos detritinės masės. Esant indikacijų, drenai paliekami priekiniame mediastinume ir (arba) virš krūtinkaulio. Minkštieji audiniai (fascijos, raumenys, poodis) susiuvami monofilamento apsukine monofilamento siūle 5–6 cm segmentais. Oda susiuvama intrakutanine monofilamento 4–5 cm ilgio segmentais. Tvarsčiai keičiami du kartus per dieną. Gydymas paprastai trunka 14 dienų. Rezultatai Šiuo būdu gydomos infekuotos žaizdos gijo greičiau, pakartotinai žaizdų revizuoti nereikėjo, gydomi ligoniai jautėsi geriau ir buvo pasiektas santykiškai geras kosmetinis efektas. Išvados Manome, kad toks infekuotos žaizdos po širdies operacijų gydymo būdas yra tinkamas ir klinikinėje praktikoje taikytinas dažniau. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: infekcija, gydymas Longitudinal running suture in treatment of infected wounds after heart surgery Vytautas Antanas Pronckus, Dobilas BarysasVilnius University Hospital „Santariškių klinikos“, Cardiac Surgery Centre,Santariškių str. 2, LT-08661, VilniusE-mail: vytautas.pronckus@santa.lt Background / objective The duration of treatment’s, patient’s quality of life and the cosmetic result of the treatment currently become increasingly important in the treatment of infected wounds after open heart surgery. Application of running suture may improve the quality of life, decrease the number of therapeutic procedures and facilitate recovery in these patients. Methods After washing and debridement of the wound, the sides of the wound are renewed. If necessary, the drains are left in anterior mediastinal space and / or above the sternum. Soft tissues (i. e. fascia, muscles and subcutaneous tissue) are sutured using running monofilament suture in 5–6 cm long segments. The skin is closed by means of intracutaneous monofilament suture (segments of 4–5 cm). The dressings are changed twice a day. The treatment usually lasts 14 days. Results While using this method, the wound healing was faster, the patients required no additional wound revisions, the quality of patient’s life was better and the treatment resulted in relatively improved cosmetic results. Conclusions We conclude that this method is appropriate for treatment of infected wounds after open heart surgery and might be applied more frequently. Key words: infection, treatment

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Clemente, Carlos Magno Santos, et Pablo Santana Santos. « GEOTECNOLOGIAS COMO SUPORTE PARA ANÁLISE DA VEGETAÇÃO NATURAL NA SUB-BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO GAVIÃO (1988 A 2015) ». Revista Cerrados 15, n^o 01 (17 mars 2020) : 98–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.22238/rc24482692v15n12017p98a113.

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O histórico de ocupação da sub-bacia do rio Gavião passou por transformações socioeconômicas expressivas nos últimos 30 anos. Desse modo,preocupações com preservação ou recuperação da cobertura vegetal influência, positivamente, na manutenção do ciclo hidrológico da sub-bacia. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a modificação da vegetal natural entre os anos de 1988a 2015 na sub-bacia hidrográfico do rio Gavião (semiárido brasileiro). Foram utilizados as técnicas sensoriamento remoto e Processamento Digital de Imagens - PDI para aquisição e processamento dos produtos orbitais (satélites landsat5 TM e landsat 8 OLI). E o Sistema de Informações Geográficas – SIG para armazenamento e análise do banco de dados alfanumérico georreferenciado. Os resultados indicam redução da cobertura vegetal de 751,69 km², entre os anos de 1988 a 2015. Também, manchas de desmatamento em áreas de nascentes, na parte alta da rede de drenagem e no dessegue do canal principal. Assim, a presente pesquisa chama atenção para os efeitos da mudança da vegetação natural para outros usos da terra (solo exposto, plantio, entre outros), a concentração do desmatamento em áreas de fragilidade ambiental. Palavras-chave: Landsat; Desmatamento; Semiárido brasileiro. GEOTECHNOLOGIES AS SUPPORT FOR ANALYSIS OF NATURAL VEGETATION IN THE HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN OF HAWK RIVER (1988 A 2015) Abstract The occupation history of the Hawk River sub-basin underwent significant socioeconomic transformations in the last 30 years. Thus, concerns for preservation or recovery of vegetation cover positively influence the maintenance of the sub-basin's hydrological cycle. The present research had as objective to analyze the modification of the natural vegetal between the years of 1988 to 2015 in the hydrographic sub-basin of the river Gavião (semi-arid Brazilian).The techniques of remote sensing and Digital Image Processing (PDI) were used for the acquisition and processing of orbital products (landsat 5 TM and landsat 8 OLI satellites). The Geographic Information System - GIS for storage and analysis of the georeferenced alphanumeric database. The results indicate a reduction of the vegetal cover of 751,69 km ², between the years of 1988 to 2015. In addition, deforestation patches in areas of springs, in the upper part of the drainage network and in the main canal deregulation. Thus, the present research draws attention to the effects of changing natural vegetation to other land uses (exposed soil, planting, among others), the concentration of deforestation in areas of environmental fragility. Keywords: Landsat; deforestation; Brazilian semi-arid. GEOTECNOLOGÍA COMO SOPORTE PARA EL ANÁLISIS DE VEGETACIÓN NATURAL DE LA SUBCUENCA DEL RÍO GAVILÁN (1988 A 2015) Resumen La historia de laocupación de lasub-cuencadelrío Gavião fue sometido a importantes cambios socioeconómicos enlos últimos 30 años. De este modo, preocupación por lapreservación o restauración de lacubierta vegetal influencia positiva enelmantenimientodel ciclo hidrológico de lasubcuenca. Esta investigacióntuvo como objetivo analizarlamodificación de lavegetación natural entre losaños 1988-2015 enlasubcuenca hidrográfica delrío Gavião (semiárido brasileño). Como apoyo técnico, lateledetección y la técnica de imagen digital se utiliza Procesamiento - PDI para laadquisición y procesamiento de productosorbitales (satélites Landsat 5 y Landsat TM 8 OLI). Y el Sistema de Información Geográfica - SIG para elalmacenamiento y análisis de la base de datos alfanuméricos georeferenciada. Los resultados indicanlareducción de lacubierta vegetal de 751.69 km², entre losaños 1988-2015. Tambiénlas manchas de deforestaciónenlascabecerasenla parte superior del sistema de drenaje y dessegue el canal principal. Así, estainvestigaciónllamalaatención sobre losefectosdelcambio de lavegetación natural a otros usos de latierra (sueloexpuesto, ,plantación, etc.), laconcentración de ladeforestaciónen áreas ambientalmente frágiles. Palabras clave: Landsat; deforestación; semiárido brasileño.

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Fraga, Rosendo M., Hernán Casañas et Germán Pugnali. « Natural history and conservation of the endangered Saffron-cowled Blackbird Xanthopsar flavus in Argentina ». Bird Conservation International 8, n^o 3 (septembre 1998) : 255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095927090000191x.

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SummaryBased on 21,518 km of road surveys, the Argentinian range of the endangered Saffron-cowled Blackbird Xanthopsar flavus now seems confined to two small and disjunct areas in Corrientes and Entre Rios provinces, north-east Argentina. In Corrientes the species inhabits natural pastures and rice-fields; in Entre Rios agropastoral land. Estimates based on numbers of localities and flock sizes suggest a Saffron-cowled Blackbird population of 500–1,000 individuals. This blackbird is highly gregarious. Mean flock size (n = 30, non-breeding period) was 31.9 birds (range: 6–102), and was significantly larger in Entre Rios. In Corrientes foraging blackbird flocks associated mostly with the Black-and-White Monjita Xolmis dominicana, in Entre Rios with the Brown-and-Yellow Marshbird Pseudoleistes virescens. Nesting in both provinces was colonial, with up to 24 nests in a 0.43 ha plot. Nests were built in native and introduced herbaceous plants. The Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis parasitized 29.2% of the nests in one colony; its eggs and chicks are larger than those of the host. Plausible reasons for the species's extinction or decline at a local level are drainage of wetlands (south-west Buenos Aires Province) and the replacement of pastures with pine and eucalypt plantations in Corrientes. General threats include trapping for the pet trade and increased cowbird parasitism. Flocks below a minimum size may not be viable. An urgent measure of protection would be the fencing and preservation of traditional colony sites.En base a 21.518 km de censos de rutas parece que la distributión actual del amenazado Tordo Amarillo o Dragón Xanthopsar flavus en Argentina está limitada a dos pequeñas áreas disyuntas en las provincias de Corrientes y Entre Rios. En Corrientes la especie se encuentra en pasturas naturales y arroceras, mientras que en Entre Rios usa campos agrícola-ganaderos. Una estimatión basada en el número de localidades y tamaños de bandadas indicaría una población total de 500 a 1.000 individuos. El tamaño promedio de bando (n = 30, período no reproductive) fue 31,9 individuos (rango 6–102) y es significativamente mayor en Entre Rios. En Corrientes las bandadas se asocian principalmente con la Monjita Dominica Xolmis dominicana, y en Entre Rios con el Pecho Amarillo Pseudoleistes virescens. La nidificación fue colonial en ambas provincias, con una densidad de hasta 24 nidos en 0,43 ha. Los nidos se construyeron en plantas herbáceas nativas y exóticas. El Tordo Renegrido Molothrus bonariensis parasitó 29,4 % de los nidos de una colonia, siendo sus huevos y polios significativamente mayores. Posibles razones para la extinción y declinatión a nivel local de la especie serían el drenaje de humedales (SO de Buenos Aires) y el reemplazo de pasturas por bosques implantados de pinos y eucaliptos (Corrientes). Las amenazas a nivel generales incluyen la captura para el comercio de aves de jaula, y un mayor parasitismo de cría. Una medida urgente de protectión de la especie sería cercar y preservar sitios tradicionales de nidificación.

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Guireli Netto, Leonides, Otavio Coaracy Brasil Gandolfo, Walter Malagutti Filho et João Carlos Dourado. « NON-DESTRUCTIVE INVESTIGATION ON SMALL EARTH DAMS USING GEOPHYSICAL METHODS : SEISMIC SURFACE WAVE MULTICHANNEL ANALYSIS (MASW) AND S-WAVE REFRACTION SEISMIC METHODS ». Brazilian Journal of Geophysics 38, n^o 1 (4 mars 2020) : 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.22564/rbgf.v38i1.2031.

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ABSTRACT. The application of non-destructive methods of investigation in dams, such as refractive seismic method and Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) are increasingly effective from the point of choosing the best dam site, as well as in the phases of construction and maintenance of the structure. The objective of the research was to apply geophysical methods in the structure of the dam to detect the internal flow of fluids, the presence of voids, find possible fracture zones and variations in the level of saturation of the massif, characteristics related to permeability and directly linked to the stability of the dam. In this way, geophysical methods have proved to be excellent tools, because, unlike instrumentation traditionally used in this type of monitoring, such as piezometers and water level indicators, they can cover a large study area quickly. This paper aims to present the results of the correlation between the MASW method and the S-wave seismic refraction method in two small earth dams in the countryside of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, more precisely in the cities of Cordeirópolis and Ipeúna. The main goal was to obtain the depths of the rocky top and the saturated/unsaturated zone of the earth dams using seismic tests under conditions of lack of information about the construction of the dam. The application of geophysical methods in dams that do not previously have important information (presence of drainage blanket, vertical/horizontal filters, for example) proves to be a very interesting non-destructive investigation technique.Keywords: geophysics in dams, MASW, seismic refraction, dam investigation. INVESTIGAÇÃO NÃO-DESTRUTIVA EM BARRAGENS DE TERRA DE PEQUENO PORTE USANDO MÉTODOS GEOFÍSICOS: ANÁLISE MULTICANAL DE ONDAS SUPERFICIAIS (MASW) E SÍSMICA DE REFRAÇÃO TOMOGRÁFICARESUMO. A aplicação de métodos não destrutivos de investigação em barragens, como o método da sísmica de refração e a análise multicanal de ondas de superfície (MASW), são cada vez mais eficazes desde a fase de escolha do melhor local para a instalação da barragem, bem como nas fases da construção e manutenção da estrutura. O objetivo da pesquisa foi aplicar métodos geofísicos na estrutura da barragem para detectar o fluxo interno de fluidos, a presença de vazios, encontrar possíveis zonas de fratura e variações no nível de saturação do maciço, características relacionadas à permeabilidade e diretamente ligadas à estabilidade da barragem. Desta forma, os métodos geofísicos se mostraram como excelentes ferramentas, pois puderam cobrir uma grande área de estudo com rapidez, diferentemente da tradicional instrumentação utilizada neste tipo de monitoramento, como piezômetros e indicadores do nível d'água. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados da correlação entre o método MASW e o método sísmico de refração com ondas S em duas pequenas barragens de terra no interior do Estado de São Paulo, mais precisamente nas cidades de Cordeirópolis e Ipeúna. O objetivo principal foi o de obter as profundidades do topo rochoso e da zona saturada/insaturada das barragens de terra fazendo uso de ensaios sísmicos em condições de ausência de informações a respeito da construção do barramento. A aplicação de métodos geofísicos em barragens que não possuem previamente informações importantes (presença de tapete drenante, filtros verticais/horizontais, por exemplo) mostra-se como uma técnica de investigação não destrutiva bastante interessante.Palavras-chave: geofísica em barragens, MASW, sísmica de refração, investigação em barragens.

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Santos, Jean Carlos Vieira, Vandervilson Alves Carneiro, Lorranne Gomes da Silva et Vinícius Polzin Druciaki. « PAISAGENS E EMPIRISMO, ELEMENTOS CONSTITUTIVOS DAS EXPERIÊNCIAS EM GEOGRAFIA : um estudo sobre as veredas do chapadão de Catalão (Goiás) ». Revista Cerrados 16, n^o 02 (10 mars 2020) : 213–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22238/rc2448269220181602213239.

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O presente artigo apresenta os resultados de um trabalho de campo que teve como área de estudo as veredas do chapadão de Catalão (Goiás, Brasil), nos municípios de Goiandira, Catalão e Ipameri, onde as mudanças no uso do solo são constantes, pois as chapadas são formas de relevo mecanizadas, adubadas e irrigadas que sofreram grande emprego de agrotóxicos nas últimas décadas. Partiu-se do levantamento bibliográfico, fotográfico e de observações empíricas, sendo que o desenvolvimento desta investigação vem ao encontro do método e das técnicas das pesquisas qualitativas que enfatizam a participação dos pesquisadores no contexto estudado. Entre os conceitos trabalhados neste texto estão paisagem, percepção e veredas, com destaque para as obras de Bertrand (1968), Ab’Sáber (1969), Rougerie (1971), Bernaldez (1981), Ribeiro (1989), Christofoletti (1993), Santos (1997), Feltran Filho (1997), Ferreira (2006), entre outros. Esses teóricos mostram que, ao analisar uma paisagem, é preciso considerar fatores condicionados à ecologia, como usos do solo, percepção, compreensão e gerenciamento dela. Palavras-chave: Trabalho de Campo. Região. Cerrado. Drenagem. Agronegócio. LANDSCAPES AND EMPIRISM, CONSTITUTIVE ELEMENTS OF EXPERIENCES IN GEOGRAPHY: a study on the paths of chapadão de Catalão (Goiás) ABSTRACT The present article presents the results of a fieldwork that had the paths of chapadão de Catalão (Goiás, Brazil) as a study area, in the municipalities of Goiandira, Catalão and Ipameri, where changes in land use are constant, since the plated are mechanized, fertilized and irrigated forms of relief that have suffered great use of pesticides in the last decades. It was based on the bibliographical, photographic and empirical observations, given that the development of this research meets the method and techniques of qualitative research which emphasizes the participation of researchers in the studied context. Among the concepts worked on in this text are landscape, perception and paths, with na emphasis on the works of Bertrand (1968), Ab’Sáber (1969), Rougerie (1971), Bernaldez (1981), Ribeiro (1989), Christofoletti (1993), Santos (1997), Feltran Filho (1997), Ferreira (2006), among others. These theorists show that when a landscape is analyzed, it is necessary to consider factors that are conditioned to ecology, such as land uses, perception, understanding and management of it. Keywords: Fieldwork. Region. Cerrado. Drainage. Agribusiness. PAISAJES Y EMPIRISMO, ELEMENTOS CONSTITUTIVOS DE LAS EXPERIENCIAS EN GEOGRAFÍA: un estudio sobre las veredas del chapadón de Catalão (Goiás) RESUMEN El presente artículo presenta los resultados de un trabajo de campo que tuvo como área de estudio las veredas del chapadão de Catalão (Goiás), en los municipios de Goiandira, Catalán e Ipameri, donde los cambios en el uso del suelo son constantes, pues las las chapadas son formas de relieve que fueron mecanizadas, abonadas, irrigadas y sufrieron un gran empleo de agrotóxicos en las últimas décadas. Para la producción del mismo, se partió del levantamiento bibliográfico, fotográfico y observaciones empíricas. El desarrollo de esta investigación viene al encuentro del método y de las técnicas de las investigaciones cualitativas, que enfatiza la participación de los investigadores, en el contexto investigado. En el caso de las obras de Bertrand (1968), Ab’Sáber (1969), Rougerie (1971), Bernaldez (1981), Ribeiro (1989), Christofoletti (1993), Santos (1997), Feltran Filho (1997), Ferreira (2006), entre otros. Estos teóricos muestran que al analizar un paisaje, tenemos que considerar una serie de factores que están condicionados a la ecología, usos del suelo, percepción, comprensión y gestión de la misma. Palabras clave: Trabajo de campo. Región. Cerrado. Drenaje. Agroindustria.

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