Thèses sur le sujet « Architectured structures »
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1
Siéfert, Emmanuel. « Inflating to shape : from soft architectured elastomers to patterned fabric sheets ». Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS018.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dans cette thèse à l'interface entre élasticité et géométrie, nous nous attachons à développer, étudier et programmer des structures gonflables élancées qui changent de forme. Une première stratégie consiste à fabriquer des plaques d'élastomère incluant des réseaux de canaux. L’expansion de ces canaux mis sous pression se produit presque exclusivement perpendiculairement à leur direction principale. Le choix de l'orientation et de la densité locales du réseau de canaux permet de contrôler la direction et l'intensité de la pseudo-croissance de cette plaque homogénéisée. Sous pression, la métrique cible de ces objets devient en général incompatible avec l'état plan. La structure flambe alors spontanément pour adopter une forme qui minimise l’énergie élastique, ce qui revient à suivre la métrique imposée par gonflement dans le cas d’objets minces. Une deuxième technique consiste à thermocoller entre elles deux feuilles minces inextensibles selon un réseau de lignes qui définit des canaux gonflables. Le système élémentaire, constitué d'un seul tube formé de deux rubans sinueux joints le long de leurs bords, voit sa courbure amplifiée lors du gonflement. Nous mesurons, expliquons et exploitons cet effet surprenant qui résulte de la maximisation du volume contenu dans le tube sous la contrainte de l'inextensibilité de l'enveloppe. Nous étendons l'étude à des structures bidimensionnelles qui voient la distance entre deux lignes de couture parallèles se contracter lors du gonflement. Le contrôle de la déformation homogénéisée dans le plan permet de programmer le déploiement dans l'espace de surfaces complexes à partir de ces structures initialement planesIn this thesis at the interface between geometry and mechanics, we aim at developing, studying and programming slender morphing inflatables structures. A first strategy consists in manufacturing elastomeric plates embedding a network of channels, which expand, when inflated, mainly perpendicular to their local orientation, similarly to simple elastic tubes. Playing with both the orientation and density of channels, we control the direction and intensity of the in-plane homogenized ``growth", in general incompatible with a flat geometry. The structure spontaneously buckles and adopts a shape which minimizes its elastic energy. For very thin slender bodies, this reduces to follow the target metric induced by inflation. We then study the inflation of structures made of two superimposed inextensible thin sheets, sealed together along a specific line network. Starting with flat curved ribbons, we observe and rationalize the surprising overcurvature upon inflation by maximizing the inner volume given the inextensibility constraint. We finally extend our investigation to two-dimensional structures and control the in-plane contraction upon inflation, which occurs perpendicular to the seam?s direction. We program the morphing of such stiff inflatable structures and investigate their mechanics
2
Glacet, Arthur. « Study of quasi-periodic architectured materials : Vibrations, dynamic fracture and homogenization ». Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI062/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les Structures atomiques Quasi-périodiques (QP) possèdent des propriétés particulières, notamment dans le domaine vibrationnel. Il pourrait être intéressant de pouvoir transférer ces propriétés à des méta-matériaux macroscopiques. Des réseaux de poutres quasi-périodiques 2D sont étudiés dans cette thèse dans le cadre du modèle élément finis (EF) poutre Euler Bernoulli. Ces réseaux de poutres peuvent facilement être produits par fabrication additive ou par découpe laser. Il est possible de faire varier l'élancement des poutres (le ratio hauteur sur longueur) qui est un paramètre intéressant pour modifier la réponse mécanique du réseau. En utilisant la méthode EF, l'influence de l'élancement des poutres sur la réponse vibratoire des réseaux de poutres QP est étudiée. La méthode numérique Kernel Polynomial (KPM) est adaptée avec succès de la dynamique moléculaire aux réseaux de poutres pour étudier leurs modes de vibration sans avoir à diagonaliser complètement la matrice dynamique. Les réseaux de poutres QP présentent des propriétés similaires à leur compère atomique: en particulier la localisation de modes sur des sous-structures et une relation de dispersion hiérarchisée. Le comportement à la fracture est aussi étudié étant donné que les symétries présentes dans les QP pourraient permettre des réseaux de poutres ne présentant pas de plans faibles pour la propagation de fissures. Cela a été démontré d'après des calculs EF statiques avec un critère de fracture fragile sur l'énergie de déformation. Les simulations statiques ne suffisent pas car elles ne peuvent pas capturer les phénomènes dynamiques complexes qui apparaissent lors de la fissuration fragile. Les propriétés de vibration du QP pourraient aussi avoir un impact sur la propagation dynamique de fissure. Un modèle dynamique de fissuration est développé afin d'étudier l'impact de l'élancement sur la capacité des réseaux de poutres QP à dissiper de l'énergie par fissuration. Finalement une méthode Coarse Graining est développée pour identifier un milieu Cosserat continu équivalant au réseau de poutres QP pour différentes échelles. Cette méthode permet d'identifier la densité, les déformations, les contraintes et donc les modules d'élasticité du milieu Cosserat équivalent, permettant ainsi une meilleure compréhension du rôle des sous structures précédemment identifiéesQuasi periodic (QP) structures have shown peculiar properties in the atomistic domain, especially the vibrational one. It could be interesting to be able to transpose these properties in macroscopic meta-materials. Quasi periodic 2D beam lattices are studied in this thesis due to the simplicity of the Euler Bernoulli finite element (FE) model. These beam lattices can easily be produced by additive manufacturing or by laser cutting. It is possible to vary the beam slenderness (i.e the ratio of height over length) that is a interesting parameter to modify the mechanical response of the lattice. Using finite element method, the influence of the beam slenderness over the vibration behavior of the QP beam lattices will be studied. The Kernel Polynomial numerical Method (KPM) is successfully adapted from molecular dynamics simulations in order to study vibrational modes of FE beam lattices without having to fully diagonalize the dynamical matrix. The QP lattices show similar properties as their atomic counterpart e.g mode localization over sub-stuctures and hierarchical dispersion relation. The fracture behavior is also studied, as the special symmetries allowed by the quasi periodicity could result in beam lattices without weak planes for crack propagation. It was proved to be true from static FE simulations with a brittle strain energy breaking criterion. Static simulations were not enough and do not grasp the complex dynamical phenomena taking place in brittle fracture. A dynamic crack propagation model was thus developed. The vibrational properties of quasi periodic structures could also have an impact on the dynamic crack propagation. Several simulations are run in order to study the impact of the slenderness on the energy dissipated by fracture of QP lattices. Finally, a coarse graining method (CG) was developed to identify a continuous Cosserat medium at different scales from the FE beam model. This CG method allows to identify, density, strain, stress and elastic moduli of an equivalent continuous Cosserat. This allows a better understanding of the role of previously identified characteristic sub structures
3
Thoumyre, Lecomte Charles. « Optimisation de structures architecturées pour la captation, le stockage, et la restitution d'énergie thermique ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI094/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La question du stockage de chaleur est non négligeable dans le contexte actuel. L’une des solutions est l’utilisation de matériaux à changement de phase (MCP). Cependant leurs propriétés thermiques restent inadaptées et il est absolument nécessaire d'utiliser un substrat conducteur afin de maximiser le rendement de ces systèmes.L’objectif de cette thèse est la compréhension et la caractérisation des phénomènes physiques mis en œuvre, et l’optimisation de structures architecturés dans de tels systèmes de stockage de chaleur. Une double démarche a été adoptée à la fois expérimentale et numérique sur des structures d’accueil du MCP relativement simples (ailettes) puis plus complexes (mousses ouvertes). Nous avons pu étudier des paramètres géométriques (longueur, porosité, espacement et épaisseur des ailettes, taille de cellules des mousses) de la structure d'accueil, de son matériau constitutif et de son orientation. Les résultats expérimentaux corroborent les simulations numériques menées ce qui a permis de réaliser une étude plus systématique sur les paramètres analysés et notamment d’identifier dans quel cas il fallait prendre en compte la convection naturelle. Enfin à partir de ces résultats nous avons développé un outil permettant d’optimiser des structures pour un cahier des charges définiThe problematic of heat storage is important in the present context. One of the solutions is to use phase change materials (PCM). Nevertheless their thermal properties are poors and a conductive substracte must absolutely be used in order to maximise the yield of theses systems.The purposes of this PhD are the physics phenomena implementation understanding and characterization, and the optimization of architectured structures for heat storage systems. A dual approach was adopted both experimental and numerical on simple PCM reception structures (fins) and on more complex ones (open foams). We analyzed influences of geometrical parameters (system lenght and porosity, thickness and space betweens fins, cellfoam size) from reception structure, its constituent material and its orientation. Experimental results support well with numerical simulations. This permits to pursue a more systematical study about analyzed parameters, and notably to identify in which cases natural convection has to be taken into account. Finally, from these results, we developped a tool which permits to optimize architectured structures for a defined bill of specifications
4
Laszczyk, Laurent. « Homogénéisation et optimisation topologique de panneaux architecturés ». Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00721807.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La conception sur-mesure de matériaux architecturés à l'échelle du milli/centimètre est une stratégie pour développer des matériaux de structure plus performants vis-à-vis de cahiers des charges multifonctionels. Ce travail de thèse s'intéresse en particulier à la conception optimale de panneaux architecturés périodiques, dans le but de combiner des exigences mécaniques de flexion et de cisaillement, ainsi que de conductivité thermique. Le comportement élastique peut être prédit grâce à l'identification sur la cellule périodique des coefficients de la matrice des souplesses équivalente. Ces calculs d'homogénéisation ont été mis en oeuvre par éléments finis pour estimer en particulier les souplesses en flexion et en cisaillement transverse. Après validation expérimentale, cette méthode de calcul constitue un outil d'évaluation des performances mécaniques pour chaque géométrie de cellule périodique (2D ou 3D). À titre d'exemple, et dans un contexte de développement de solutions matériaux architecturés pour l'automobile, la conception de tôles "texturées" est proposée en menant une étude paramétrique à l'aide de cet outil. L'implémentation d'un algorithme d'optimisation topologique couplé à la procédure d'homogénéisation permet d'enrichir les méthodes de conception sur-mesure en élargissant l'espace de recherche des "architectures". Après l'étude modèle du compromis entre flexion et cisaillement, le cas industriel d'un panneau sandwich isolant est traité. Dans ce cas, l'optimisation fournit plusieurs compromis prometteurs entre rigidité en cisaillement et isolation thermique. Ces géométries ont été réalisées et testées, et une nouvelle version améliorée du panneau sandwich a été sélectionnée.
5
Gao, Tian. « Pneumatic gaussian morphing : Geometry and mechanics of inflatable architected plates and shells ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS546.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les cartographes ont réalisé depuis longtemps qu'il est impossible de dessiner une carte plane du globe terrestre sans déformer les continents. Carl Gauss a généralisé cette contrainte géométrique fondamentale dans son "remarquable'' Theorema Egregium. Pouvons-nous inverser le problème et obtenir une forme 3D en changeant localement les distances entre les points (c'est-à-dire la métrique) sur une feuille initialement plane? Cette stratégie est largement employée dans la Nature: feuilles ou pétales peuvent adopter des formes très complexes sous l'effet d'une croissance différentielle. Cependant, imposer la métrique ne suffit pas à définir la géométrie d'une surface et il est nécessaire de contrôler également la courbure locale pour trancher entre différentes isométries. Au cours de cette thèse, nous nous attaquons au problème général de mise en forme à travers trois différentes stratégies. Du point de vue de l'ingénieur, les changements de métrique peuvent être imposés par la mise sous pression de canaux insérés dans une plaque d'élastomère ou entre deux pièces de tissus en induisant une extension ou contraction le long de lignes directrices. Dans un premier temps nous décrivons comment un motif en zigzag à une échelle méso apporte un degré de liberté supplémentaire dans l'espace de design de structures 3D complexes. Un second chapitre est consacré au contrôle de la courbure locale (en plus de la métrique) grâce à des canaux de section asymétrique. Au-delà de rubans de courbure contrôlée ou de structures origami auto-déployables, différentes formes isométriques peuvent être produites grâce à cette technique polyvalente. Nous montrons dan un troisième chapitre comment la flexion des facettes de structures origami au plis courbés peut être exploitée pour déployer efficacement des structures tridimensionnellesCartographers have early realized that it is impossible to draw a flat map of the Earth without distorting continents. Carl Gauss later generalized this geometrical constrain in his seminal Theorema Egregium. Can we invert the configuration and obtain 3D shapes by changing local distances (ie, metrics) in an initially flat plate? This strategy is widely used in Nature: leaves or petals may develop into very complex shapes through differential growth. Nevertheless, imposing metrics is not enough to define the geometry of a surface and controlling local bending is necessary to select between different isometric shapes. In this thesis, we address shape morphing through three different strategies. From an engineering point of view, metric changes can be imposed by inflating channels embedded in a polymeric plate or in between to pieces of fabric as it induces extension or contraction along director lines. We first show how a zigzag meso-structure brings an extra degree of freedom in the design space to program complex 3D structures. A second chapter is dedicated to the control of local bending (in addition to metrics) by designing channels of non-symmetric cross-section. In addition to bending ribbons or self-folding origami structures, different isometric shapes can be designed with this versatile technique. In a third chapter we finally show how bending the facets in curved fold origami can be harvested to deploy efficiently 3D structures
6
Faure, Alexis. « Optimisation de forme de matériaux et structures architecturés par la méthode des lignes de niveaux avec prise en compte des interfaces graduées ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI047/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les méthodes d'optimisation de forme s’industrialisent progressivement, elles permettent la conception automatisée de structures aux propriétés optimales. Elles constituent aussi un outil d'exploration majeur pour la conception de nouveaux matériaux.Dans une première partie nous utilisons ces méthodes afin de générer des matériaux architecturés aux propriétés thermoélastiques effectives cibles et extrêmes. En plus de proposer différentes solutions, nous répertorions les différents mécanismes œuvrant au contrôle des ces propriétés. Dans ce contexte nous proposons aussi de prendre en compte l'influence des interfaces comportant un gradient de propriétés sur les architectures obtenues.Nous étudions ensuite les procédés de fabrication pouvant être utilisés afin de réaliser ces matériaux. Les méthodes de fabrication additive, considérées comme le vecteur d'une prochaine révolution industrielle, constituent une piste que nous considérerons tout particulièrement. Nous proposons plusieurs solutions pour prendre en compte les limitations et les effets collatéraux de ces procédés de fabrication au sein de processus d'optimisation de forme. Nous traitons le problème de la prise en compte des propriétés induites par la méthode de fabrication Fiber Deposition Molding (FDM), à savoir des propriétés anisotropes orientées. Nous proposons ensuite une approche pour traiter le problème des dépôts en porte-à-faux à l'aide d'un critère mécanique.Enfin, nous abordons la prise en compte des non-linéarités géométriques au sein de calculs d'optimisation de forme et discutons de leurs apports ainsi que de leurs limitations. Nous présentons plusieurs applications pour la conception automatisée d'actuateurs non linéairesShape optimization methods are promising methods and are gradually becoming industrialized. They provide the ability to automatically design structures with optimal behavior. They are outstanding tools for exploration and design of new materials.We use these methods to generate architectured multi-phased materials with prescribed thermoelastic properties. We first propose several solutions and we classify them by the mechanisms they rely on in order to control the effective properties. We also propose to evaluate the influence of an interface with a gradient of properties on the obtained architectures.Eventually we focus on the plausible manufacturing solution to produce our architectured materials. In this context, additive manufacturing methods (often considered as the support of an incoming industrial revolution) is our main option. We introduce several strategies to circumvent some limitations and side effects of these manufacturing methods during optimization process. We particularly focus on Fiber Deposition Molding, which induce an important mechanical anisotropy in processed parts. Then we consider the problem of overhangings features in design and propose a way to handle them prior to additive manufacturing using a mechanical criteria.Finally we take into account geometrical non linearities in optimization process. We highlight the pros and cons of this new modeling by presenting several applications of non linear actuators design
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Hassaine, Daouadji Valentin. « Caractérisation et modélisation de structures lattices obtenues par fabrication additive : application aux équipements sportifs absorbeurs de chocs ». Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECLI0005.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L’émergence des techniques de fabrication additive permet de réaliser des structures lattices de géométries complexes. Leur potentiel, en termes de légèreté, d’absorption des chocs, de personnalisation et de design attise l'intérêt de l'équipementier sportif DECATHLON, qui envisage ces méso-structures pour des applications casques et chaussures. Ce travail étudie le comportement de différentes géométries de lattices soumises à des chargements de compression.Dans une première partie, la faisabilité technique de produits sportifs en lattices a été évaluée par des compressions statiques et des impacts dynamiques adaptés aux normes casques et chaussures. Cette étude préliminaire a permis de mettre en évidence l’intérêt des lattices dans les applications sportives.La deuxième phase de ce travail a consisté à développer des modèles et méthodes de dimensionnement de lattices. Le comportement mécanique de lattices octets réalisées en deux matériaux (PA12 et TPU) a été caractérisé. La géométrie et le respect dimensionnel de ces structures ainsi que la quantification des champs cinématiques sous sollicitations ont été analysés par micro-tomographie.Un modèle numérique réalisé sous un code éléments finis a ensuite été proposé. Une confrontation aux observations expérimentales a permis d'évaluer la pertinence du modèle. Pour une meilleure représentativité des zones de jonction des poutres (les vertices), et donc une meilleure exploitation des modélisations, une rigidification locale aux vertices est étudiée par un plan d'expérience numériqueAdditive manufacturing enables the production of complex parts such as lattice structures. Their potential, in terms of lightness, improved impact performances, customization and design, draws the attention of the sports equipment manufacturer DECATHLON, who is considering these meso-structures for helmets and shoes applications. This study focuses on the behaviour of several lattices subjected to compressive loading.A preliminary experimental phase identified the behaviour of two materials (PA12 and TPU) produced by a laser sintering process (SLS). The technical feasibility of lattices structures in sports products was then evaluated using static compressions and dynamic impacts adapted to helmet and footwear standards.The second stage of the study consists in developing numerical tools for the design of lattices structures. Several lattices were produced. There mechanical behaviour was characterized in several aspects: the static response under compressive loadings was compared to foams conventionally used for energy absorption; the dimensional stability of the structures and the quantification of the kinematic fields under stress were assessed by micro-tomography.Thanks to these observations, the relevance of a numerical lattice model realized under a finite element code was evaluated. Its lack of representativeness of the junction zones of the beams (the vertices) limits its use. Nevertheless, a local stiffening at the vertices, studied by a numerical design of experiment, greatly improved the modeling
8
Leite, Pierre. « Conception architecturale appliquée aux matériaux sandwichs pour propriétés multifonctionnelles ». Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00965547.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette thèse suit une démarche " materials-by-design " avec pour objectif le développement d'une méthode de conception dédiée aux panneaux sandwichs architecturés pour l'obtention de propriétés multifonctionnelles. Cette méthode s'appuie sur l'utilisation d'un algorithme génétique permettant simultanément une sélection de matériaux (variables discrètes) et un pré-dimensionnement du panneau (variables continues). Trois architectures de cœur ont été étudiées : les mousses, les nids-d'abeilles hexagonaux et les treillis tétraédriques. Dans cette thèse, on définit deux approches différentes de sélection des matériaux. Dans un premier temps, les matériaux architecturés sont considérés comme des matériaux existants, dont les propriétés sont référencées dans une base de données fermée. Cette approche est appelée optimisation par " voie réelle ". Afin d'ouvrir les possibilités en termes de sélection de matériaux, la deuxième approche considère une description semi-continue des matériaux architecturés et est appelée optimisation par " voie virtuelle ". Le matériau cœur est décrit par un matériau constitutif (variable discrète) et par une ou plusieurs variables géométriques continues représentant l'architecture. Utilisant ces deux approches, différentes propriétés d'emploi des panneaux sandwichs sont évaluées : rigidité et résistance en flexion, atténuation acoustique, résistance et isolation thermique, et enfin résistance aux chocs impulsionnels. Chaque fonction est optimisée à masse minimale par optimisation bi-objectifs. Différents cas d'optimisation tri-objectifs sont également présentés afin d'évaluer la compatibilité entre propriétés. En effet, la forme de la surface de compromis obtenue donne une indication sur la compatibilité entre les différents critères. Cette étape d'optimisation permet également l'identification des paramètres de conception optimaux. Dans le cas d'une optimisation par " voie virtuelle ", une comparaison directe entre architectures est aussi possible. Cependant, la démarche d'optimisation mise en place est complexe car globale et travaillant avec des variables mixtes. Deux méthodes mixtes, couplant l'algorithme génétique avec d'autres approches, sont proposées pour permettre un accroissement de la complexité de l'analyse tout en garantissant une complexité raisonnable de l'optimisation.
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Hassaine, Daouadji Valentin. « Caractérisation et modélisation de structures lattices obtenues par fabrication additive : application aux équipements sportifs absorbeurs de chocs ». Thesis, Centrale Lille Institut, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLIL0005.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L’émergence des techniques de fabrication additive permet de réaliser des structures lattices de géométries complexes. Leur potentiel, en termes de légèreté, d’absorption des chocs, de personnalisation et de design attise l'intérêt de l'équipementier sportif DECATHLON, qui envisage ces méso-structures pour des applications casques et chaussures. Ce travail étudie le comportement de différentes géométries de lattices soumises à des chargements de compression.Dans une première partie, la faisabilité technique de produits sportifs en lattices a été évaluée par des compressions statiques et des impacts dynamiques adaptés aux normes casques et chaussures. Cette étude préliminaire a permis de mettre en évidence l’intérêt des lattices dans les applications sportives.La deuxième phase de ce travail a consisté à développer des modèles et méthodes de dimensionnement de lattices. Le comportement mécanique de lattices octets réalisées en deux matériaux (PA12 et TPU) a été caractérisé. La géométrie et le respect dimensionnel de ces structures ainsi que la quantification des champs cinématiques sous sollicitations ont été analysés par micro-tomographie.Un modèle numérique réalisé sous un code éléments finis a ensuite été proposé. Une confrontation aux observations expérimentales a permis d'évaluer la pertinence du modèle. Pour une meilleure représentativité des zones de jonction des poutres (les vertices), et donc une meilleure exploitation des modélisations, une rigidification locale aux vertices est étudiée par un plan d'expérience numériqueAdditive manufacturing enables the production of complex parts such as lattice structures. Their potential, in terms of lightness, improved impact performances, customization and design, draws the attention of the sports equipment manufacturer DECATHLON, who is considering these meso-structures for helmets and shoes applications. This study focuses on the behaviour of several lattices subjected to compressive loading.A preliminary experimental phase identified the behaviour of two materials (PA12 and TPU) produced by a laser sintering process (SLS). The technical feasibility of lattices structures in sports products was then evaluated using static compressions and dynamic impacts adapted to helmet and footwear standards.The second stage of the study consists in developing numerical tools for the design of lattices structures. Several lattices were produced. There mechanical behaviour was characterized in several aspects: the static response under compressive loadings was compared to foams conventionally used for energy absorption; the dimensional stability of the structures and the quantification of the kinematic fields under stress were assessed by micro-tomography.Thanks to these observations, the relevance of a numerical lattice model realized under a finite element code was evaluated. Its lack of representativeness of the junction zones of the beams (the vertices) limits its use. Nevertheless, a local stiffening at the vertices, studied by a numerical design of experiment, greatly improved the modeling
10
Sung, Li-wen. « Decoding Chinese Classical Architecture for Contemporary Architectural Design - With Special Reference to Modern Architectural Development in Taiwan ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40260.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This research began with an exploration of the phenomenon of cultural conflict and fusion in the process of architectural modernization in Taiwan. It will examine the impact of modern and contemporary theories on the practice of architecture of the island. It will then seek out the essence of Chinese classical architecture in order to develop an approach for the development of the future Chinese/Taiwanese architecture. In addition, the findings of the study could serve as a reference for scholars who would pursue historical and theoretical studies of in the subject, or for architects who are seeking design concepts to enhance their projects.
The study utilizes an interpretive-historical methodology. It emphasizes that researchers should investigate social phenomena within broader and more complex contexts of what to uncover the underlying cultural factors. To highlight their significance, the author will pursue a hypothetic project to examine and demonstrate the meaningfulness and applicability of the concepts learned from the research.
Efforts were made to discover ways in which Taiwanese and Chinese architectural culture can deal with foreign influences, such that it will be able to enjoy the benefits of modernization while maintaining its unique character and identity. Moreover, it will attempt to uncover ways in which Chinese architecture can in fact influence the global contemporary architectural culture. Finally, it is hoped that this work will produce a useful reference for students, scholars and architects who wish to develop design projects that reflect and celebrate regional cultures.Ph. D.
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De, Wolf Catherine (Catherine Elvire Lieve). « Low carbon pathways for structural design : embodied life cycle impacts of building structures ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111491.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis: Ph. D. in Building Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 151-174).
Whole life cycle emissions of buildings include not only operational carbon due to their use phase, but also embodied carbon due to the rest of their life cycle: material extraction, transport to the site, construction, and demolition. With ongoing population growth and increasing urbanization, decreasing immediate and irreversible embodied carbon emissions is imperative. With feedback from a wide range of stakeholders - architects, structural engineers, policy makers, rating-scheme developers, this research presents an integrated assessment approach to compare embodied life cycle impacts of building structures. Existing literature indicates that there is an urgent need for benchmarking the embodied carbon of building structures. To remediate this, a rigorous and transparent methodology is presented on multiple scales. On the material scale, a comparative analysis defines reliable Embodied Carbon Coefficients (ECC, expressed in kgCO2e/kg) for the structural materials concrete, steel, and timber. On the structural scale, data analysis evaluates the Structural Material Quantities (SMQ, expressed in kg/m²) and the embodied carbon for existing building structures (expressed in kgCO2e/m²). An interactive database of building projects is created in close collaboration with leading structural design firms worldwide. Results show that typical buildings range between 200 and 550 kgCO2e/m² on average, but these results can vary widely dependent on structural systems, height, size, etc. On the urban scale, an urban modeling method to simulate the embodied carbon of neighborhoods is proposed and applied to a Middle Eastern case study. A series of extreme low carbon case studies are analyzed. Results demonstrate that a novel design approach can lead to buildings with an embodied carbon as low as 30 kgCO2e/m² which is an order of magnitude lower than conventional building structures today. Two pathways are implemented to lower the embodied carbon of structures: choosing low carbon materials (low ECC) and optimizing the structural efficiency of buildings (low SMQ). This research recommends new pathways for low carbon structural design, crucial for lowering carbon emissions in the built environment.
by Catherine De Wolf.
Ph. D. in Building Technology
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Bloink, Steven. « Identity structures ». PDF viewer required Home page for entire collection, 2008. http://archives.udmercy.edu:8080/dspace/handle/10429/9.
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Cohill, Andrew Michael. « Patternmakers and toolbuilders : the design of information structures in the professional practice of architecture / ». Diss., This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05042006-164522/.
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Cox, Lindsay. « The design, detailing, fabrication and execution of architecturally exposed structural steel ». Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14962.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Architectural Engineering and Construction Science
Kimberly Waggle Kramer
Architecturally exposed structural steel, AESS, is a unique member designation used in contract documents to describe steel members designed according to stringent provisions as to be completely exposed in close proximity to the human eye after the structure is completed, rather than concealed from view. These members are often used to convey architectural art or expression, and have a distinctive beauty that attracts the eye. The requirements for AESS members are much more stringent than those for typical structural steel members, and therefore is more controversial as to whether it is worth the extra attention it requires. The purpose of this report is to examine the design, detailing, fabrication and execution of architecturally exposed structural steel. This is done by examining what contributes to each of these stages from design to field erection. Much of this report is based on guides and sample specification by various sources, including the Structural Engineers Association of Colorado (SEAC), Rocky Mountain Steel Construction Association (RMSCA), and the AISC 303-10 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges (American Institute of Steel Construction Committee on the Code of Standard Practice, 2010) in addition to other sources. The conglomeration and in-depth review of this information provides the Structural Engineer, Architect, Fabricator and Owner an enhanced understanding and knowledge of AESS, as to make better decisions throughout its use.
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Jung, Georg. « Structured interrelations of component architectures ». Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/485.
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Conway, Helene Marie. « Visible structures ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65205.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1991.Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-94).
All architecture is the interplay between structure, surface and ornament. Traditionally, ornament adorned structure thereby giving it its meaning. A society with its intellectual foundations resting in faith or the abstract emphasized the ornament over the structure. The growth of Rationalism and the substitution of the empirical for the abstract necessarily caused a reordering of ornament and structure. Enabled by technology, structure subsumed ornament. The new architecture was not designed as per canons, rather, new methods for design developed parallel to the technology which enabled its construction. The new architecture, supported by a load bearing skeletal structure represents a turning point in the history of building. The wall was dissolved and replaced by a skeletal structure. The structural members were not covered, rather, their exposure was a conscious act. They served to articulate the resulting architecture which was markedly spatial and expressive. Architecture was no longer confined by stylistic rules. New architecture reconciling realities of how it IS conceived and constructed finds meaning in and of itself. As a result, the conceiving and building of architecture factors into the architectural process. The reordering of the architectural elements of structure and ornament is indicative of the evolution of the intellectual process. Structure, made visible in architecture graphically represents the · thoughts, values and intents of its builders. Architecture in which structure subsumes ornament, is more reflective of the thoughts values and intents of its builders.
by Helene Marie Conway.
M.S.
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Hernández, Merchan Carlos Henrique. « Deployable structures ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14970.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1987.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Bibliography: leaves 20-21.
This thesis has the purpose of describing the meaning and applications of deployable structures (making emphasis in the scissor-hinged and sliding mechanisms.) and the development of new geometries, details, and mechanisms that make these systems buildable and useful for architectural applications. A deployable structure is one that can be transformed, with the addition of an energy input, from a closed stage or compact configuration to a predetermined, stable expanded form. Deployable structures are suitable in response to the following needs: a- A situation in which there is a need to create enclosed or protected space for a short period of time and then move that space to another location for erection or storage. b- Difficult access places, and/or lack of labor. c- Special applications equipment and shelters for special equipment which can not be transported in full open size and needs to be erected in a very quick way. d- Need to enclose space due to variable weather conditions. e- Situations of high risk with elevated labor costs, hostile environments, costly transportation. f- Construction aid. g- As a construction method There are many mechanisms which fall into the category of deployable structures, but we can group them into two general categories: A) Struts Structures : scissor-hinged, tensile, and sliding mechanisms, etc. B) Surface Structures : folded, inflatable, telescopic, etc. The general characteristic of group A is that these structures are made out of struts which commonly work as compression, tension or bending components connected by joints or hinges. In Group B stresses are carried by surfaces. In some, cases a continuous surface carries only tension forces like, in pressurized or inflatable construction; other structures are made out of small surfaces or planes joined together by some usually flexible means of forming a continuous structure. Deployability implies an extra cost over an assembly structure due to more sophisticated, expensive, movable connections, locking mechanisms, and deployment mechanisms. This extra cost has to be balanced by the structure's greater potential for adaptability, mobility, and labor saving construction.
by Carlos Henrique Hernández Merchan.
M.S.
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Karotki, Lena. « Structure and architecture of eisosomes ». Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-148822.
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DaSilva, Guerreiro Jose Celestino. « Architectural Elements As Structure ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33463.
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Lee, June. « Hydro-impact, fluid-structure interaction and structural response of modern racing yacht ». Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/142787/.
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In recent years, faster, lighter and bigger are the key issues in a modern racing yacht for extreme performance. As a result, many yachts have experienced various structural failures caused by the hydrodynamic impact or ’hydro-impact’ phenomenon by slamming. The structural failure by hydro-impact originates from the facts that the external hydro-impact load and fluid structure interaction effect is somewhat misled and when applying the load into current structural design, the ’dynamic’ load is typically, manipulated in a ’static’ way with fluid structure interaction effect, generally, ignored. In this thesis, the hydro-impact load by slamming, its fluid structure interaction effect and dynamic response of the local structure of the yacht are studied. Firstly, to acquire insight into the hydro-impact phenomenon, a series of drop tests and seakeeping-slamming tests are carried out with various sensing instruments of pressure transducers, accelerometer and ’slam patch system’ - a specific application form of generally known pressure panel - are installed. The slam patch system is designed and implemented to investigate the hydro-impact loads and fluid structure interaction effect of slamming. Afterward, the measured hydro-impact loads are summarised via statistical manipulations with regard to pressure and duration time. Secondly, impact pressure by the rules and regulations of various organisations are provided to compare it with the experimental results and structural response calculations. The applicability of the rules and regulations on the high performance racing yacht is also pointed out. Finally, the manipulated loads are used as input data to simulate the transient response of local structure of the yacht structure. Throughout this study, the dynamic and fluid structure interaction effect by hydroimpact phenomenon on local composite structure can be easily visualised and calculated in a conservative way through conventional finite element analysis work.
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Stensils, Elin. « Growing Architecture ». Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-228503.
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This project deals with alternativ materials, cultivated or made from biological processes. It is a attempt to work with living structures and letting go of the concept of immediate results to create sustainable architecture.
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Gazi, Orhan. « Parallelized Architectures For Low Latency Turbo Structures ». Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608110/index.pdf.
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In this thesis, we present low latency general concatenated code structures
suitable for parallel processing. We propose parallel decodable serially concatenated
codes (PDSCCs) which is a general structure to construct many
variants of serially concatenated codes. Using this most general structure we
derive parallel decodable serially concatenated convolutional codes (PDSCCCs).
Convolutional product codes which are instances of PDSCCCs are
studied in detail. PDSCCCs have much less decoding latency and show almost
the same performance compared to classical serially concatenated convolutional
codes. Using the same idea, we propose parallel decodable turbo
codes (PDTCs) which represent a general structure to construct parallel concatenated
codes. PDTCs have much less latency compared to classical turbo
codes and they both achieve similar performance.
We extend the approach proposed for the construction of parallel decodable
concatenated codes to trellis coded modulation, turbo channel equalization,
and space time trellis codes and show that low latency systems can be
constructed using the same idea. Parallel decoding operation introduces new problems in implementation. One such problem is memory collision which occurs when multiple decoder units attempt accessing the same memory device. We propose novel interleaver structures which prevent the memory collision problem while achieving performance close to other interleavers.
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King, Jacob Michael B. « A Method for Visualizing the Structural Complexity of Organizational Architectures ». DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2021. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2266.
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To achieve a high level of performance and efficiency, contemporary aerospace systems must become increasingly complex. While complexity management traditionally focuses on a product’s components and their interconnectedness, organizational representation in complexity analysis is just as essential. This thesis addresses this organizational aspect of complexity through an Organizational Complexity Metric (OCM) to aid complexity management. The OCM augments Sinha’s structural complexity metric for product architectures into a metric that can be applied to organizations. Utilizing nested numerical design structure matrices (DSMs), a compact visual representation of organizational complexity was developed. Within the nested numerical DSM are existing organizational datasets used to quantify the complexity of both organizational system components and their interfaces. The OCM was applied to a hypothetical system example, as well as an existing aerospace organizational architecture. Through the development of the OCM, this thesis assumed that each dataset was collected in a statistically sufficient manner and has a reasonable correlation to system complexity. This thesis recognizes the lack of complete human representation and aims to provide a platform for expansion. Before a true organizational complexity metric can be applied to real systems, additional human considerations should be considered. These limitations differ from organization to organization and should be taken into consideration before implementation into a working system. The visualization of organizational complexity uses a color gradient to show the relative complexity density of different parts of the organization.
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Samalavičius, Almantas Liudas. « Ideas and structures in architectural history ». Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060210_113316-20103.
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The history of architecture in Western countries and Lithuania is researched from various points of view. Such significant elements of architecture as light, color, sound, and water so far have been studied as far as their relation to the architecture of certain specific historical periods is concerned. However, up till now research of this kind was limited to deep, yet narrow, fragmented and specialized views of certain historical periods, or research projects were concerned with certain specific aspects of connections between works of architecture and metaphysical beliefs. Because of this, research of architectural history still lacks a thorough account of how metaphysical, religious, and philosophical worldviews affected the artistic expression of architecture of different periods. Without a sufficient amount of research of this kind, it is impossible to reconstruct a thoroughly consistent and more or less total view of the historical development of architecture. On the other hand, it strikes one as obvious that while the history and theory of architecture is being studied in Lithuania, we witness a lack of research work on the concepts of light, color, sound, and water that dominated during certain historic periods. Their impact upon the development of architecture needs to be analyzed and evaluated synthetically in a way that is consistent with a generalized approach, and with the help of research methods applied in the history of ideas and principles of analysis... [to full text]Architektūros istorija Vakaruose ir Lietuvoje yra tyrinėjama įvairiais aspektais. Apie tokius reikšmingus architektūros elementus kaip šviesa, spalva, garsas ir vanduo yra buvę reikšmingų specializuotų studijų šių reiškinių sąveikos su vieno ar kito istorinio laikotarpio architektūros kūriniais aptarti. Tačiau iki šiol tokio pobūdžio tyrimai apsiribodavo siaurais, fragmentiškais, griežtai specializuotais žvilgsniais į atskirų kultūros istorijos tarpsnių architektūrą arba tokio buvo pabrėžiami tik tam tikri, labai specifiniai sąveikos tarp architektūros kūrinių ir to meto pasaulėžiūros aspektai. Todėl nėra pakankamai ištyrinėta atskirais istorijos tarpsniais vyravusių metafizinių, religinių ir filosofinių pažiūrų įtaka meninei architektūros raiškai. Nesant tokių tyrimų, neįmanoma adekvačiai rekonstruoti architektūros istorinės raidos vaizdo. Nagrinėjant architektūros istorijos ir teorijos problematiką Lietuvoje, akivaizdu, kad labiausiai trūksta darbų, kuriuose atskirais kultūros istorijos tarpsniais vyravusių šviesos, spalvos, garso ir vandens sampratų įtaka architektūros meno raidai būtų įvertinta sintetiškai, apibendrintai ir nuosekliai, pasitelkus idėjų istorijos tyrimo metodologiją bei tarpdisciplinių kultūrologinių tyrimų analizės principus. Tai paskatino gilintis į minėtų elementus santykius ir sąveikas su architektūra nuo seniausių iki moderniųjų laikų, pasitelkiant idėjų istorijos atveriamas tyrimo galimybes. Tokios problematikos ir tyrimo perspektyvos pasirinkimas... [to full text]
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McNeil, Alison. « Structure of desire, consumerism and architecture ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq39687.pdf.
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Guo, Qinghua. « The structure of Chinese timber architecture ». London : Minerva, 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/40927499.html.
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Finkelman, Janis. « Structures ». Thesis, University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2493.
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In my artistic practice, I have defined the term “disorder” to mean a disturbance in established patterns, structures, or balances. I have defined the term “structure” to be an arrangement of constituents that results in a unified whole. I have defined “energy” to mean forces which either activate or are active upon entities. I seek to generate imagery that investigates relationships between disorder, structure, and energy.
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Bashardanesh, Mohammad. « Historic Persian buildings and structures : windwards, refrigerators and structural foundations ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
Trouver le texte intégralRésumé :
Architecture in life is the light of the culture in any society and closely relates with historical, political, economic and social aspects of the society. Persian architecture and building construction should be properly examined from the depths of the history of this ancient land. Persian architecture goes back to six centuries before Christ and it has over 6000 years of continuous history. Since then ever, architecture has been related to various issues, especially religious, and has developed and evolved for centuries.
Persian architecture has features that in comparison with other countries are of particular value. Properties such as good design, precise calculations, the correct form of coverage, compliance with technical and scientific issues in the building, high balconies, tall pillars and the various decorations that each of them represent the magnificent of Persian architecture.
This study assumes that architecture and building construction are the full manifestation of human culture, and focus on some of the important elements in traditional Persian architecture: windwards, traditional refrigerators and foundations.
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Caglar, Alper Harun. « Structures adaptatives en fonction de la lumière : DARMIN comme outil de génération d'ambiances architecturales dynamiques ». Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25448.
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Cette recherche propose un milieu virtuel comme un dispositif de représentation morphologique des ambiances lumineuses générées par une structure adaptative et dynamique, mettant en relation le rapport entre l’extérieur et l’intérieur à l’étape de conception architecturale. L’outil développé appelé DARMIN, « Daylight Adaptive aRchitecture Modeling INterface », devient l’inducteur exploratoire de la démarche de création, grâce à son système interactif. Le concepteur, en situation d’exploration typologique formelle, exploite les potentialités et les qualités de l’espace architectural que l’ambiance lumineuse recèle. De cette façon, la recherche proposée offre la possibilité de l'émergence de nouvelles réponses morphologiques complexes soutenant la démarche du design. Elle permet en outre aux concepteurs d’expérimenter un large éventail de solutions possibles dans un laboratoire virtuel, un environnement de conception contrôlée qui renforce la créativité de l’architecte. Ainsi, la recherche présentée s’intéresse particulièrement à montrer le potentiel d’une structure architecturale adaptative qui bonifie quantitativement et qualitativement l’expérience de l’espace interne et externe, à travers la nature dynamique de l’ambiance lumineuse.This research proposes a virtual environment as a device for morphological representation of luminous ambiances generated by an adaptive and dynamic structure, linking the relationship between the outside and inside at the stage of architectural conception. This developed tool called DARMIN « Daylight Adaptive aRchitecture Modeling INterface », becomes an exploratory inductor within the creative process through its interactive system. The designer, in typologically formal exploration phase, exploits the potential and qualities of architectural space that luminous ambiances harbors. In this way, the proposed research offers the possibility of the emergence of new complex morphological responses supporting the process of design. It also allows designers to experiment with a wide range of possible solutions in a virtual laboratory, controlled design environment that enhances the creativity of the architect. Thus, the presented research is particularly interested in showing the potential of adaptive architectural structure that quantitatively and qualitatively improves the experience of internal and external space through the dynamic nature of the luminous ambiances.
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Matharu, P. S. « Architectures for the VLSI implementation of digital filters ». Thesis, City University London, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382819.
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Penndorf, Christopher. « Architecture and the Transitory Experience ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34617.
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This thesis is a study of the act of traveling in its pure form: as a journey between two points; it is an act that requires both a point of origin and a point of destination. Yet, this study is not concerned with the logistics of either. Rather, it depends only upon the existence of these two locations as limits of both space and time between which exists a transient environment. Complimentary to the constant movement embodied in the act of travel, the act of pausing and resting is fundamental to fulfilling a biological need that arises from the exhaustion that accompanies continuous movement. The modern highway rest area was selected as this thesis project because of its nature as neither a permanent origin nor destination of transit. It currently exists as an oft forgotten building type in architectural design, despite its significant role in the commonplace activity of transit. This project seeks to provide the programmatic functions that satisfy these fundamental needs while engaging the nature of the building typology as a threshold through which the traveler passes. The architectural and structural expression and detailing are based upon the inherently rhythmic nature of the act of vehicular travel and are intended to reflect the changes in rates of movement that aid in the transition from moving to pausing. Thus, the average rates of movement embodied in various modes of mobility throughout the building inform the architectural decisions that aid in the choreographed movement into, through, and out of the design.Master of Architecture
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Kanellou, Eleni. « Data structures for current multi-core and future many-core architectures ». Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S171/document.
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Actuellement, la majorité des architectures de processeurs sont fondées sur une mémoire partagée avec cohérence de caches. Des prototypes intégrant de grandes quantités de cœurs, reliés par une infrastructure de transmission de messages, indiquent que, dans un proche avenir, les architectures de processeurs vont probablement avoir ces caractéristiques. Ces deux tendances exigent que les processus s'exécutent en parallèle et rendent la programmation concurrente nécessaire. Cependant, la difficulté inhérente du raisonnement sur la concurrence peut rendre ces nouvelles machines difficiles à programmer. Nous explorons trois approches ayant pour but de faciliter la programmation concurrente. Nous proposons WFR-TM, une approche fondé sur la mémoire transactionnelle (TM), un paradigme de programmation concurrente qui utilise des transactions afin de synchroniser l'accès aux données partagées. Une transaction peut soit terminer (commit), rendant visibles ses modifications, soit échouer (abort), annulant toutes ses modifications. WFR-TM tente de combiner des caractéristiques désirables des TM optimistes et pessimistes. Une TM pessimiste n'échoue jamais aucune transaction; néanmoins les algorithmes existants utilisent des verrous pour exécuter de manière séquentielle les transactions qui contiennent des opérations d'écriture. Les algorithmes TM optimistes exécutent toutes les transactions en parallèle mais les terminent seulement si elles n'ont pas rencontré de conflit au cours de leur exécution. WFR-TM fournit des transactions en lecture seule qui sont wait-free, sans jamais exécuter d'opérations de synchronisation coûteuse (par ex. CAS, LL\SC, etc) ou sacrifier le parallélisme entre les transactions d'écriture. Nous présentons également Dense, une implémentation concurrente de graphe. Les graphes sont des structures de données polyvalentes qui permettent la mise en oeuvre d'une variété d'applications. Cependant, des applications multi-processus qui utilisent des graphes utilisent encore largement des versions séquentielles. Nous introduisons un nouveau modèle de graphes concurrents, permettant l'ajout ou la suppression de n'importe quel arc du graphe, ainsi que la traversée atomique d'une partie (ou de l'intégralité) du graphe. Dense offre la possibilité d'effectuer un snapshot partiel d'un sous-ensemble du graphe défini dynamiquement. Enfin, nous ciblons les futures architectures. Dans l'intérêt de la réutilisation du code il existe depuis quelques temps une tentative d'adaptation des environnements d'exécution de logiciel - comme par ex. JVM, l'environnement d'exécution de Java - initialement prévus pour mémoire partagée, à des machines sans cohérence de caches. Nous étudions des techniques générales pour implémenter des structures de données distribuées en supposant qu'elles vont être utilisées sur des architectures many-core, qui n'offrent qu'une cohérence partielle de caches, voir pas de cohérence du toutThough a majority of current processor architectures relies on shared, cache-coherent memory, current prototypes that integrate large amounts of cores, connected through a message-passing substrate, indicate that architectures of the near future may have these characteristics. Either of those tendencies requires that processes execute in parallel, making concurrent programming a necessary tool. The inherent difficulty of reasoning about concurrency, however, may make the new processor architectures hard to program. In order to deal with issues such as this, we explore approaches for providing ease of programmability. We propose WFR-TM, an approach based on transactional memory (TM), which is a concurrent programming paradigm that employs transactions in order to synchronize the access to shared data. A transaction may either commit, making its updates visible, or abort, discarding its updates. WFR-TM combines desirable characteristics of pessimistic and optimistic TM. In a pessimistic TM, no transaction ever aborts; however, in order to achieve that, existing TM algorithms employ locks in order to execute update transactions sequentially, decreasing the degree of achieved parallelism. Optimistic TMs execute all transactions concurrently but commit them only if they have encountered no conflict during their execution. WFR-TM provides read-only transactions that are wait-free, without ever executing expensive synchronization operations (like CAS, LL/SC, etc), or sacrificing the parallelism between update transactions. We further present Dense, a concurrent graph implementation. Graphs are versatile data structures that allow the implementation of a variety of applications. However, multi-process applications that rely on graphs still largely use a sequential implementation. We introduce an innovative concurrent graph model that provides addition and removal of any edge of the graph, as well as atomic traversals of a part (or the entirety) of the graph. Dense achieves wait-freedom by relying on light-weight helping and provides the inbuilt capability of performing a partial snapshot on a dynamically determined subset of the graph. We finally aim at predicted future architectures. In the interest of ode reuse and of a common paradigm, there is recent momentum towards porting software runtime environments, originally intended for shared-memory settings, onto non-cache-coherent machines. JVM, the runtime environment of the high-productivity language Java, is a notable example. Concurrent data structure implementations are important components of the libraries that environments like these incorporate. With the goal of contributing to this effort, we study general techniques for implementing distributed data structures assuming they have to run on many-core architectures that offer either partially cache-coherent memory or no cache coherence at all and present implementations of stacks, queues, and lists
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Montagne, Euripides. « Program structures and computer architectures for parallel processing ». Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65949.
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Aguesseau, Julie. « Design of bio-inspired catalysts based on a gamma-peptide foldamer architecture ». Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS043/document.
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Les travaux décrits dans ce manuscrit concernent la synthèse d’oligomères de γ-amino acides hétérocycliques contraints, appelés ATCs (acides 4-Amino-(méthyl)-1,3-Thiazole-5-Carboxyliques), leur application en catalyse énamine et leur étude structurale. Les monomères d’ATC sont construits autour d’un noyau thiazole inséré entre les carbones Cα-Cβ, permettant de limiter la valeur de l’angle dièdre ζ à 0°. La présence de deux points de substitution, sur le carbone γ asymétrique et en position 2 du noyau aromatique, permet une large diversification structurale des ATCs. Ainsi, plusieurs séries d’oligomères ont été synthétisées par couplages peptidiques sur support solide. Une étude structurale de ces oligomères par RMN, IR-TF, cristallographie RX et dichroïsme circulaire a démontré qu’ils adoptaient une structure en helice C9, résultant d’un réseau de liaisons hydrogène de type COi---NHi+2 s’établissant tout au long de la séquence. L’objectif du projet présenté ici vise à étudier l’impact de la conformation des architectures développées, à la fois sur la sélectivité et sur l’induction asymétrique dans la réaction de nitro-Michael pour trois réactifs différents. Le dernier axe de ce travail a été de développer une méthode de modélisation sous contraintes RMN spécifique à la génération de modèles tridimentionel d’oligomères d’ATCsThe work described in this manuscript is devoted to the synthesis of heterocyclic constrained γ-amino acids, named ATCs (4-Amino-(methyl)-1,3-Thiazole-5-Carboxylic acids), their application in enamine catalysis and their structural study. ATC monomers are built around a thiazole ring providing a conformational limitation around the Cα and Cβ at 0°. The presence of two diversification points both on the γ asymmetric carbon and on the position 2 of the aromatic ring, allows a large structural diversification of the ATCs. Therefore, several oligomers were synthesized using solid phase peptide synthesis. A structural study of these oligomers, employing NMR, FTIR, circular dichroism and crystallography RX, demonstrated that they adopt a C9-right-handed helix stabilized by a hydrogen bond pattern between COi---NHi+2 along the helix. The objective of the project presented in this manuscript was the design and the structural characterization of molecular edifices with predictable folding properties and the systematic study of structure-function relationships in the nitro-Michael addition reaction, for three different substrates. Eventually, the last part of this work focused on the development of a new methodology, specific to ATC-oligomers, to perform 3D-modelling studies using NMR refinement
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Bonnemaison, Sarah. « Lightweight structures in urban design ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/71363.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1985.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-84).
Lightweight architecture questions how we architects think about the environment. It has qualities which complement "mainstream" buildings. This thesis will explore these qualities and will propose that this architecture is rooted in the modern sensibility and suggests an attitude towards the environment that is needed in our cities. Lightweight architecture is concerned with optimal and, particularly, parsimonious use of materials and effort. Much lightweight architecture is tensile as structures loaded in tension use the least amount of material. Now that modern technology and materials have opened up possibilities· in research and application, much of the research has been done and is no longer the exclusive realm of trained engineers. The question of application of this technology remains -- this is up to the architects. The style of lightweight architecture can be looked at in terms of aesthetic, the process by which one develops its forms and the way of thinking from which it arises. The aesthetic of lightweight architecture enriches the traditional aesthetic notion familiar to us (symmetry, proportion and balance) with the more elusive notions of dynamic symmetry, relative harmony and equilibrium. Form-finding is an experimental process of trial and error. It stems not only from the scientific discipline of static, but from other disciplines , explored from without. In this way, unexpected combinations appear. Complementing static research into the minimal use of materials, vernacular constructions and biology have been used for a greater understanding of parsimony in building. The "logic of reasoning" refers to a creator's conception of the world in which one creates. The designers of lightweight architecture believe in a world not of specialization and analysis, but of creation and adaption, an ecological view of the world. Because the process of creation is more important that the resultant form, the syntactics of structural and formal assembly takes precedence on an analogical basis for form-finding.The second section of this thesis explores lightweight architecture in the city. The current trend of placing lightweight buildings in parks rejects the possibilities of lightweight architecture can offer the city. Many architects see a conflict in the juxtaposition of lightweight buildings against traditional load-bearing urban "fabric". Lightweight architecture implies notions of boundary and mutability that are contrary to these same notions as represented in industrial cities. Being ephemeral, mobile and adaptable, this architecture, by its unboundedness, forces us to re-assess our notion of boundary. Lightweight architecture, allows for a rapid adaption of buildings in the city to climatic change and for the periodic gathering of festivals and markets. The adaptive, mutable qualities lightweight architecture can bring to the city are particularly valuable for urban public spaces. This architecture allows for human engagement with the environment and with each other. The load-bearing wall and its function in the city -- the separation of one activity from another and the definition of privacy -- has been radically redefined by the advent of the glass curtain wall and the telephone. This process has left us with ambiguous urban "public" spaces not much used by the public yet not truly private. Re-introducing a mobile, lightweight ephemeral architecture into post-industrial cities is a desire to implement certain socio-political ideas about city culture and simultaneously make places where those policies are lived.
by Sarah Bonnemaison.
M.S.
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Li, Si M. Arch Massachusetts Institute of Technology. « Data structures for context responsive modeling in architecture ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43908.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 39).
Context plays important roles in architecture design, any feelings we implement, or any existing conditions that we try to address in a design process intents emerge. Understanding the relationships between elements in a given design context and how they affect decision making for new ideas is crucial in understand how a design comes into form. By capturing this context responsiveness, we can capture the design knowledge into computers for different kinds of automated processes. Parametric modeling tools and scripting interfaces in modern ... ways to model data. The objects we create from these tools could potentially used in various computation processes and allow designers to interact with slight reconfigurations, they could help designers to capture design knowledge My thesis will try to use computation concepts such as Object Orient of technology to allow modeling software to model parametric objects in a way that provides flexible interfaces amongst parametric object, script, and designers. Then I will propose a context responsive to address the questions of how to capture design in a more effective way.
by Si Li.
S.M.
37
Simko, Charles A. « Theoretical Architecture in Structures of Dense Urban Reform ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31292.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper identifies a range of elements and principles useful for the development of an urban theoretical architecture. Acceptance of nature as a design element and in particular the use of nature to bound nodes of high density development are explored. The use of fractal geometry to distribute the urban footprint upon the landscape is introduced along with a tacit development of methodology making the application of fractal geometry useful. Building height restrictions are suggested as usefull to create urban walls and maintain views for tall buildings. It is proposed that the basic unit of urban design and development is a high intensity urban cell. Elements crucial to the life of urban cells are identified. The importance of architectural character in developing the identity of urban space is reinforced and explored.Master of Architecture
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Peydro, Duclos Ignacio. « EVENT CLOUDS : lighter than air architectural structures ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91412.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 86-88).
EVENT CLOUD is a versatile covering system that allows events to happen independently to weather conditions. It consists of a lighter than air pneumatic structure, filled either with helium or hot air, that covers spaces by floating over them. Weightlessness permits EVENT CLOUD to theoretically cover an infinite surface, overcoming traditional large span structures proper weight limitation. EVENT CLOUD is a non-rigid aerodynamic balloon that can act as a fixed roof that does not overload the structure with weight. In this position events are protected from external weather conditions, converting any field into an interior climatically controlled space. If weather conditions are good the covering can be released from the anchoring system and let EVENT CLOUD float on the air. When EVENT CLOUD drifts in the air it becomes an urban reference, a visible object from around the city where the system is placed, and also a local clean energy source for the neighborhood. Creativity and design unite the functionality of a roof, the visual perception of an urban monument and the environmental action of locally producing energy to reduce carbon footprint of large events. EVENT CLOUD defeats gravity by enclosing within its boundaries a gas that weighs less than air to make the whole structure react to the medium it is placed in: air. This type of thinking implies the understanding that architecture creates objects that are inserted into a dynamical system within the fluid of space-time rather than isolated objects that only respond to compositional relations within themselves. Thus the design of EVENT CLOUD implies that architecture is a long-lived art discipline that has evolved from Beaux Arts compositional practices towards the post relativistic art of artificially manipulating the energetic and topological boundaries of events. Weightlessness provides the structure with a higher degree of versatility to allow EVENT CLOUD to nimbly respond to the requirements of each moment in space-time.
by Ignacio Peydro Duclos.
S.M.
39
Boulineau, Sheryl Taillon. « East Lake Meadows : hydrologic strategies for architecture ». Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23366.
Texte intégral
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McLean, Patrick Campbell. « Structured video coding ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/27985.
Texte intégral
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Cheung, Thomas. « Architecture for the Moving Body ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34622.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The human body is designed for movement. It has to move, it desires to move. Our bodies will find a way to express that desire. The way we as humans inhabit the built environment reflects our ability and desire for our bodies to move. Architecture has always been designed with that in mind, whether intentionally or unintentionally. This thesis is an investigation to reveal the various ways the human body moves in the built environment and how architecture and design can accommodate or dictate human movement.
The thesis project of a physical therapy facility on an existing park in Washington, D.C. alludes to the opportunities for varying movements of the body. It also provides an extensive program that largely posits a myriad of relationships between the varying functions of architectural space and human movements.Master of Architecture
42
Rooney, John Gerald. « The structure of open ATM control architectures ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624876.
Texte intégral
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Galanti, Agostino. « Multi-photochromic architectures : from structure to function ». Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAF046/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L’objectif de cette thèse a été axé sur le développement des systèmes capable de répondre à des stimuli externes, basés sur des unités photochromiques. Le but d’une telle quête est d’augmenter la complexité des dispositifs et des machines moléculaires synthétiques. Avec l’objectif de développer des dispositifs et des machines artificiels plus complexes, nous avons réalisé de systèmes comprenant de multiples interrupteurs moléculaires. En vue de la réalisation de cette thèse, des nouveaux systèmes multi-photochromiques, où hybrides photochrome/nanomatériaux contenant des fragments azobenzène, diaryléthène ou spiropyrane ont été réalisés et étudiés. D’abord, on s’est focalisés sur des systèmes multi-azobenzènes capables de subir de grands réarrangements géométriques lors de la photoisomérisation, ils pourraient être utilisés à l'avenir comme éléments constitutifs des matériaux host-guest ou metal-organic frameworks contrôlables par des stimuli lumineux. Dans un second exemple, des commutateurs photochromiques de type dithiényléthène ont été utilisés pour déclencher l'émission d'une porphyrine. Cette dyade à montré une modulation réversible de son émission, affichant un contraste particulièrement élevé. Comme dernier exemple, un dérivé de spiropyrane a été combiné avec des nanoparticules d’or anisotropes. En induisant l'isomérisation de l’interrupteur moléculaire dans les dispersions colloïdales des nanorods d’or en liquide, nous avons visualisé une grande variation du spectre d'extinction des colloïdes, dépendante de la longueur d’onde du mode LSPR et du recouvrement spectrale avec le photoswitchThe aim of this thesis has been to develop systems capable of responding to external stimuli, based on photochromic units. The goal of such a quest is to increase the complexity of devices and synthetic molecular machines. With the goal of developing more complex artificial devices and machines, we have realised systems containing multiple molecular switches. For the realisation of this thesis, new multi-photochromic systems, or photochromes/nanomaterials hybrids containing azobenzene, diarylethene or spiropyran moieties have been realised and studied. Firstly, we focused on multi-azobenzene systems capable of undergoing large geometric rearrangements during photoisomerisation, as they may be used in the future as constituent elements of host-guest or metal-organic frameworks controllable by luminous stimuli. In a second example, dithienylethene-type photochromic switches have been used to trigger the emission of a porphyrin. This dyad exhibited a reversible modulation of its emission, displaying a particularly highly contrasted response. As a final example, a spiropyran derivative has been combined with anisotropic gold nanoparticles. By inducing the isomerisation of the molecular switch in the AuNR colloidal liquid dispersions, we visualised a large variation of the colloid extinction spectrum, dependent on the LSPR mode wavelength and the spectral overlap with the photoswitch
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黃仲豪 et Chung-ho Richard Wong. « Manipulating configurable architecture models using hierarchical structure ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31223618.
Texte intégral
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Russell, Paul Floyd. « Reflections : Light and Structure in Religious Architecture ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34437.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Light is the most sacred phenomenon and the presence of it in a place of worship is the greatest manifestation of God himself. Man can manufacture all the building materials needed to errect the greatest of structures, but only God can fill it with the light of the sun and make the materials come alive. Through the interplay of light and structure the building can seem to be alive. Through the proper execution of structure and material the building can sculpt light and define the time of day and season of year. This then became the genesis of the project; to sculpt light through natural materials and structure in order to bring glory to the creator and provide a sacred retreat for the weary, a rich interplay of light and material coming together to create a worshipful experience.Master of Architecture
46
Wong, Chung-ho Richard. « Manipulating configurable architecture models using hierarchical structure / ». Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B24733799.
Texte intégral
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MacMahon, Ardle. « The taberna structures of Roman Britain / ». Oxford : J. and E. Hedges, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb391424424.
Texte intégral
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Preuksakarn, Chakkrit. « Reconstructing plant architecture from 3D laser scanner data ». Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20116/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les modèles virtuels de plantes sont visuellement de plus en plus réalistes dans les applications infographiques. Cependant, dans le contexte de la biologie et l'agronomie, l'acquisition de modèles précis de plantes réelles reste un problème majeur pour la construction de modèles quantitatifs du développement des plantes.Récemment, des scanners laser 3D permettent d'acquérir des images 3D avec pour chaque pixel une profondeur correspondant à la distance entre le scanner et la surface de l'objet visé. Cependant, une plante est généralement un ensemble important de petites surfaces sur lesquelles les méthodes classiques de reconstruction échouent. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons une méthode pour reconstruire des modèles virtuels de plantes à partir de scans laser. Mesurer des plantes avec un scanner laser produit des données avec différents niveaux de précision. Les scans sont généralement denses sur la surface des branches principales mais recouvrent avec peu de points les branches fines. Le cœur de notre méthode est de créer itérativement un squelette de la structure de la plante en fonction de la densité locale de points. Pour cela, une méthode localement adaptative a été développée qui combine une phase de contraction et un algorithme de suivi de points.Nous présentons également une procédure d'évaluation quantitative pour comparer nos reconstructions avec des structures reconstruites par des experts de plantes réelles. Pour cela, nous explorons d'abord l'utilisation d'une distance d'édition entre arborescence. Finalement, nous formalisons la comparaison sous forme d'un problème d'assignation pour trouver le meilleur appariement entre deux structures et quantifier leurs différencesIn the last decade, very realistic rendering of plant architectures have been produced in computer graphics applications. However, in the context of biology and agronomy, acquisition of accurate models of real plants is still a tedious task and a major bottleneck for the construction of quantitative models of plant development. Recently, 3D laser scanners made it possible to acquire 3D images on which each pixel has an associate depth corresponding to the distance between the scanner and the pinpointed surface of the object. Standard geometrical reconstructions fail on plants structures as they usually contain a complex set of discontinuous or branching surfaces distributed in space with varying orientations. In this thesis, we present a method for reconstructing virtual models of plants from laser scanning of real-world vegetation. Measuring plants with laser scanners produces data with different levels of precision. Points set are usually dense on the surface of the main branches, but only sparsely cover thin branches. The core of our method is to iteratively create the skeletal structure of the plant according to local density of point set. This is achieved thanks to a method that locally adapts to the levels of precision of the data by combining a contraction phase and a local point tracking algorithm. In addition, we present a quantitative evaluation procedure to compare our reconstructions against expertised structures of real plants. For this, we first explore the use of an edit distance between tree graphs. Alternatively, we formalize the comparison as an assignment problem to find the best matching between the two structures and quantify their differences
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DeJong, Matthew J. (Matthew Justin). « Seismic assessment strategies for masonry structures ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49538.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2009.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 181-189).
Masonry structures are vulnerable to earthquakes, but their seismic assessment remains a challenge. This dissertation develops and improves several strategies to better understand the behavior of masonry structures under seismic loading, and to determine their safety. The primary focus is on historic arched or vaulted structures, but more modern unreinforced masonry structures are also considered. Assessment strategies which employ simplified quasi-static loading to simulate seismic effects are initially addressed. New analysis methods which focus on stability or strength are presented, and the merits of these strategies are clarified. First, a new parametric graphical equilibrium method is developed which allows real-time analysis and illuminates the complex stability of vaulted masonry structures. Second, a finite element strategy for predicting brittle fracture of masonry structures is extended to incorporate non-proportional loading and shell elements. These extensions enable prediction of damage and collapse mechanisms in general, but are specifically used to predict the response of a full-scale masonry structure to quasi-static cyclic loading. Subsequently, assessment methods based on the dynamic response of masonry structures under earthquake loading are presented. First, rigid body dynamics and an experimental testing program are used to characterize the rocking response of the masonry arch for the first time.
(cont.) An assessment criterion is developed which successfully predicts experimentally observed arch collapse under a variety of earthquake time histories. Second, the behavior of rocking structures is addressed in general, and clearly distinguished from typical dynamic oscillators. The rocking response is time dependent, evoking the development of a statistical method for predicting collapse. Finally, the ability of discrete element methods to predict the dynamics of masonry structures is evaluated through comparison with analytical and experimental results, and a rational method for assigning modeling parameters is proposed.
by Matthew J. DeJong.
Ph.D.
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Aldrich, Jonathan. « Using types to enforce architectural structure / ». Thesis, Connect to this title online ; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6971.
Texte intégral