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Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 11 mars 2023

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1

Silfverberg-Dilworth, E., C. L. Matasci, W. E. Van de Weg, M. P. W. Van Kaauwen, M. Walser, L. P. Kodde, V. Soglio et al. « Microsatellite markers spanning the apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) genome ». Tree Genetics & ; Genomes 2, n^o 4 (9 août 2006) : 202–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11295-006-0045-1.

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2

Raj, Danuta, Izabela Fecka et Aneta Starzec. « Recent advances on health properties of orchard apple fruits (Malus x domestica Borkh.) ». Farmacja Polska 76, n^o 3 (27 avril 2020) : 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32383/farmpol/121026.

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3

van Dyk, M. M., et D. J. G. Rees. « BIN MAPPING OF EST-SSRS IN APPLE (MALUS X DOMESTICA BORKH.) ». Acta Horticulturae, n^o 814 (mars 2009) : 681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2009.814.116.

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4

Foster, Toshi, Chris Kirk, William T. Jones, Andrew C. Allan, Richard Espley, Sakuntala Karunairetnam et Jasna Rakonjac. « Characterisation of the DELLA subfamily in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) ». Tree Genetics & ; Genomes 3, n^o 3 (17 novembre 2006) : 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11295-006-0047-z.

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5

DU, ZHANYUAN, et WILLIAM J. BRAMLAGE. « Superoxide Dismutase Activities in Senescing Apple Fruit (Malus domestica Borkh.) ». Journal of Food Science 59, n^o 3 (mai 1994) : 581–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb05567.x.

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6

Bound, Sally. « Precision Crop Load Management of Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) without Chemicals ». Horticulturae 5, n^o 1 (28 décembre 2018) : 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae5010003.

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Fruit thinning is an important management practice in commercial apple production. The standard industry practice for crop load management in many countries is based on bloom and/or post-bloom chemical thinning (CT) followed up with hand thinning. However, the response to CT is unpredictable and there is an increasing awareness of the environmental impact of many chemicals. Hence there is a need to find alternate environmentally acceptable methods for managing crop load. Artificial bud extinction (ABE), a thinning method that imitates natural bud extinction by manually removing buds before bud break, has been suggested as a potential tool to replace chemical thinning, but there have been no studies comparing ABE and chemical thinning. Trials were established in Tasmania, Australia to determine how ABE technology compares with best practice CT programs in terms of yield, fruit quality, and cost of implementation. Results from these trials demonstrated consistent fruit set of both Gala and Fuji apple under ABE management compared with conventional management. Fruit weight was increased in all ABE treatments from 5% up to 38%. The four studies presented here have demonstrated that ABE is a feasible alternative to chemical thinning, improving reliability of crop load management with increased predictability of fruit size and yield. Trees are significantly thinned before flowering, controlling biennial bearing. In addition, bud position is optimised, fruit is well spaced and light distribution into the canopy is enhanced. In terms of costs, implementation of ABE is comparable to managing crop load with CT programs but has the advantage that crop load management costs reduce in subsequent years after the initial tree set-up. ABE is also suitable for use in organic apple orchards.

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Yahyaa, Mosaab, Samah Ali, Rachel Davidovich-Rikanati, Muhammad Ibdah, Alona Shachtier, Yoram Eyal, Efraim Lewinsohn et Mwafaq Ibdah. « Characterization of three chalcone synthase-like genes from apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) ». Phytochemistry 140 (août 2017) : 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.04.022.

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8

Chevreau, E., Y. Lespinasse et M. Gallet. « Inheritance of pollen enzymes and polyploid origin of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) ». Theoretical and Applied Genetics 71, n^o 2 (décembre 1985) : 268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00252066.

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9

Labuschagné, I. F., K. Schmidt, J. H. Louw et A. Sadie. « BREEDING LOW-CHILL REQUIRING APPLE CULTIVARS (Malus x domestica BORKH.) IN SOUTH AFRICA ». Acta Horticulturae, n^o 538 (octobre 2000) : 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2000.538.49.

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Morkūnaitė‐Haimi, Šarūnė, Jurgita Vinskiene, Gražina Stanienė et Perttu Haimi. « Differential Chloroplast Proteomics of Temperature Adaptation in Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) Microshoots ». PROTEOMICS 19, n^o 19 (octobre 2019) : 1800142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmic.201800142.

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11

Berni, Roberto, Claudio Cantini, Massimo Guarnieri, Massimo Nepi, Jean-Francois Hausman, Gea Guerriero, Marco Romi et Giampiero Cai. « Nutraceutical Characteristics of Ancient Malus x domestica Borkh. Fruits Recovered across Siena in Tuscany ». Medicines 6, n^o 1 (18 février 2019) : 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines6010027.

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Background: A diet rich in fruits and vegetables contributes to lowering the risk of chronic diseases. The fruits of Malus x domestica are a rich dietary source of bioactive compounds, namely vitamins and antioxidants, with recognized action on human health protection. Tuscany is known for its rich plant biodiversity, especially represented by ancient varieties of fruit trees. Particularly noteworthy are the many ancient Tuscan varieties of apple trees. Methods: Sugar quantification via HPLC and spectrophotometric assays to quantify the antioxidant power and total polyphenol content revealed interesting differences in 17 old varieties of Malus x domestica Borkh. recovered in Siena (Tuscany). Results: The quantification of antioxidants, polyphenols, and the main free sugars revealed that their content in the old fruits was often superior to the widespread commercial counterparts (‘Red Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’). Such differences were, in certain cases, dramatic, with 8-fold higher values. Differences were also present for sugars and fibers (pectin). Most ancient fruits displayed low values of glucose and high contents of xylitol and pectin. Conclusions: The results reported here suggest the possible use of ancient apple varieties from Siena for nutraceutical purposes and draw attention to the valorization of local old varieties.

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12

Lakatos, T. « EFFECTS OF CROP LOAD ON TREE WATER USE IN APPLE (MALUS X DOMESTICA BORKH.) ». Acta Horticulturae, n^o 646 (janvier 2004) : 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2004.646.6.

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13

Patat-Ochatt, E. M., S. J. Ochatt et J. B. Power. « Plant Regeneration from Protoplasts of Apple Rootstocks and Scion Varieties (Malus X domestica Borkh.) ». Journal of Plant Physiology 133, n^o 4 (novembre 1988) : 460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0176-1617(88)80037-3.

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14

Li, Yongzhou, Xu Tan, Jing Guo, Enyue Hu, Qi Pan, Yuan Zhao, Yu Chu et Yuandi Zhu. « Functional Characterization of MdTAC1a Gene Related to Branch Angle in Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n^o 3 (7 février 2022) : 1870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031870.

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The Tiller Angle Control 1 (TAC1) gene belongs to the IGT family, which mainly controls plant branch angle, thereby affecting plant form. Two members of MdTAC1 are identified in apple; the regulation of apple branch angle by MdTAC1 is still unclear. In this study, a subcellular localization analysis detected MdTAC1a in the nucleus and cell membrane, but MdTAC1b was detected in the cell membrane. Transgenic tobacco by overexpression of MdTAC1a or MdTAC1b showed enlarged leaf angles, the upregulation of several genes, such as GA 2-oxidase (GA2ox), and a sensitive response to light and gravity. According to a qRT-PCR analysis, MdTAC1a and MdTAC1b were strongly expressed in shoot tips and vegetative buds of weeping cultivars but were weakly expressed in columnar cultivars. In the MdTAC1a promoter, there were losses of 2 bp in spur cultivars and 6 bp in weeping cultivar compared with standard and columnar cultivars. An InDel marker specific to the MdTAC1a promoter was developed to distinguish apple cultivars and F1 progeny. We identified a protein, MdSRC2, that interacts with MdTAC1a, whose encoding gene which was highly expressed in trees with large branch angles. Our results indicate that differences in the MdTAC1a promoter are major contributors to branch-angle variation in apple, and the MdTAC1a interacts with MdSRC2 to affect this trait.

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15

Hemmat, Minou, Norman F. Weeden et Susan K. Brown. « Mapping and Evaluation of Malus ×domestica Microsatellites in Apple and Pear ». Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 128, n^o 4 (juillet 2003) : 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.128.4.0515.

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We mapped DNA polymorphisms generated by 41 sets of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) primers, developed independently in four laboratories. All primer sets gave polymorphisms that could be located on our `White Angel' x `Rome Beauty' map for apple [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. Var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.]. The SSR primers were used to identify homologous linkage groups in `Wijcik McIntosh', NY 75441-58, `Golden Delicious', and `Liberty' cultivars for which relatively complete linkage maps have been constructed from isozyme and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. In several instances, two or more SSRs were syntenic, and except for an apparent translocation involving linkage group (LG) 6, these linkages were conserved throughout the six maps. Twenty-four SSR primers were consistently polymorphic, and these are recommended as standard anchor markers for apple maps. Experiments on a pear (Pyrus communis L.) population indicated that many of the apple SSRs would be useful for mapping in pear. However some of the primers produced fragments in pear significantly different in size than those in apple.

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McAdam-O Connell, D., S. Mac An tSaoir et R. Copeland. « DEVELOPMENT OF A LEAF DISK REGENERATION SYSTEM FOR 'BRAMLEY'S' SEEDLING APPLE (MALUS X DOMESTICA BORKH.) ». Acta Horticulturae, n^o 663 (décembre 2004) : 483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2004.663.84.

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Flachowsky, H., I. Szankowski, S. Waidmann, A. Peil, C. Trankner et M. V. Hanke. « The MdTFL1 gene of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) reduces vegetative growth and generation time ». Tree Physiology 32, n^o 10 (28 septembre 2012) : 1288–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tps080.

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18

FOSTER, T. « A Morphological and Quantitative Characterization of Early Floral Development in Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) ». Annals of Botany 92, n^o 2 (12 juin 2003) : 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcg120.

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19

Ni Eidhin, Deirdre M., Eileen Murphy et David O'Beirne. « Polyphenol Oxidase from Apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv Bramley's Seedling) : Purification Strategies and Characterization ». Journal of Food Science 71, n^o 1 (31 mai 2006) : C51—C58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.tb12388.x.

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20

Couvillon, G. A., K. H. Tan et J. W. Dobson. « Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis of Ca and K in Apple Leaves ». HortScience 23, n^o 2 (avril 1988) : 363–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.23.2.363.

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Abstract Energy dispersive X-ray analysis of Ca and K was conducted in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) leaves. Larger amounts of Ca and K were detected in the xylem than in the mesophyll tissue. The X-ray images of both the elements increased in intensities in samples from trees receiving gypsum and foliar sprays with CaCl2. Conversion of the X-ray images into graphical data produced a better quantitative comparison of element concentrations. The range of Ca concentration in the xylem of 206 to 350 ppm compared favorably with that reported in the literature for xylem sap of assorted tree species, including apple trees.

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21

Mignard, P., S. Beguería, G. Reig, C. Font i Forcada et M. A. Moreno. « Genetic origin and climate determine fruit quality and antioxidant traits on apple (Malus x domestica Borkh) ». Scientia Horticulturae 285 (juillet 2021) : 110142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110142.

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22

Reim, S., et V. Hanke. « INVESTIGATION ON STABILITY OF TRANSGENES AND THEIR EXPRESSION IN TRANSGENIC APPLE PLANTS (MALUS X DOMESTICA BORKH.) ». Acta Horticulturae, n^o 663 (décembre 2004) : 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2004.663.72.

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23

Costa, F., G. Costa, S. Sansavini, V. Soglio, L. Gianfranceschi, H. J. Schouten, R. Alba et J. Giovannoni. « HETEROLOGOUS COMPARATIVE GENOMICS TO IDENTIFY CANDIDATE GENES IMPACTING FRUIT QUALITY IN APPLE (MALUS X DOMESTICA BORKH.) ». Acta Horticulturae, n^o 814 (mars 2009) : 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2009.814.87.

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24

Longhi, Sara, Marco Moretto, Roberto Viola, Riccardo Velasco et Fabrizio Costa. « Comprehensive QTL mapping survey dissects the complex fruit texture physiology in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.). » Journal of Experimental Botany 63, n^o 3 (25 novembre 2011) : 1107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/err326.

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25

Chevreau, E., et F. Laurens. « The pattern of inheritance in apple (Malus X domestica Borkh.) : further results from leaf isozyme analysis ». Theoretical and Applied Genetics 75, n^o 1 (décembre 1987) : 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00249147.

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26

Le Bourvellec, C., S. Guyot et C. M. G. C. Renard. « Interactions between apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) polyphenols and cell walls modulate the extractability of polysaccharides ». Carbohydrate Polymers 75, n^o 2 (janvier 2009) : 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.07.010.

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27

Pramanick, K. K., D. K. Kishore, Rameshwar Singh et Jitender Kumar. « Performance of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh) cv. Red Spur on a new apple rootstock in high density planting ». Scientia Horticulturae 133 (janvier 2012) : 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2011.10.009.

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28

Unrath, C. R., et Assem D. Shaltout. « Branch Induction on Young ‘Delicious’ Apple Trees by Application of Growth Regulators ». HortScience 20, n^o 2 (avril 1985) : 230–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.20.2.230.

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Abstract Application of BA, GA4+7, and Promalin (GA4+7 + BA) to 2-and 3-yearold spur ‘Delicious’ apple trees [Malus domestica(Borkh.)] resulted in an increased number of laterals (> 15 cm) and feathers (5-15 cm). Concentrations of 250 and 500 ppm were most effective. Application at 5 cm of terminal growth was most effective while application after 10 cm was ineffective. Use of the surfactants, Buffer X or Tween 20 (0.3%) with BA application, increased the branching response. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-lH-purin-6-amine (BA), Gibberellins A4 + A7 (GA4+7).

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29

Neilsen, G. H., J. Beulah, E. J. Hoguel et R. S. Utkhede. « Use of Greenhouse Seedling Bioassays to Predict First Year Growth of Apple Trees Planted in Old Orchard Soil ». HortScience 26, n^o 11 (novembre 1991) : 1383–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.11.1383.

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Apple seedling height after 7 weeks of growth in greenhouse pots was compared with total first year shoot growth of `McIntosh' or `Delicious' apple trees [Malus domestica (Borkh.)] on M.26 rootstock for eight orchards and five soil treatments. The apple trees were replanted in old orchard sites with the same treatments applied in the planting hole as were tested in the greenhouse. The pot test successfully predicted treatments that increased first year shoot growth in 23 of 30 opportunities. However, a less precise relationship (R2 = 0.38) existed between total first year shoot growth (Y) of `Summerland Red McIntosh' on M.26 rootstock and seedling height (X).

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Ulyanovskaya, E. V., I. I. Suprun, S. V. Tokmakov, K. M. Atabiyev et E. A. Belenko. « The use of genetic diversity in apple breeding for scab resistance ». Bulletin of the State Nikitsky Botanical Gardens, n^o 133 (18 décembre 2019) : 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/0513-1634-2019-133-211-216.

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The results of a long-term study of the apple tree gene pool ( Malus x domestica Borkh.) in the conditions of southern Russia are presented. The purpose of the study is the formation of the identified collections, the selection of donors and sources of economically valuable traits with recommendations for their use in apple breeding. In the work we used the programs and methods of breeding and sorting, molecular genetic research methods. Valuable for breeding cultivars with immunity to scab ( Rvi6 gene) and high quality of fruits (genes Md-PG1 (AA); Md-Exp7 (198)) were identified: Modi, Stellar, CIVG 98, elite form 29-5-49.

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Veberic, Robert, Valentina Schmitzer, Maja M. Petkovsek et Franci Stampar. « Impact of Shelf Life on Content of Primary and Secondary Metabolites in Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) ». Journal of Food Science 75, n^o 9 (7 octobre 2010) : S461—S468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01823.x.

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32

Ershadi, A., et A. Talaii. « IDENTIFICATION OF S-ALLELES IN 40 APPLE (MALUS X DOMESTICA BORKH) CULTIVARS BY ALLELE-SPECIFIC PCR AMPLIFICATION ». Acta Horticulturae, n^o 760 (juillet 2007) : 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2007.760.13.

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33

Garcia, M. E., L. P. Berkett, J. F. Costante, J. Clements et G. Neff. « PRODUCTIVITY AND FRUIT QUALITY EVALUATION OF 'LIBERTY' APPLE (MALUS x DOMESTICA BORKH) UNDER A REDUCED FUNGICIDE PROGRAM ». Acta Horticulturae, n^o 595 (décembre 2002) : 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2002.595.19.

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34

Francini, Alessandra, et Luca Sebastiani. « Phenolic Compounds in Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) : Compounds Characterization and Stability during Postharvest and after Processing ». Antioxidants 2, n^o 3 (18 septembre 2013) : 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox2030181.

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35

Di Guardo, Mario, Alice Tadiello, Brian Farneti, Giorgia Lorenz, Domenico Masuero, Urska Vrhovsek, Guglielmo Costa, Riccardo Velasco et Fabrizio Costa. « A Multidisciplinary Approach Providing New Insight into Fruit Flesh Browning Physiology in Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) ». PLoS ONE 8, n^o 10 (18 octobre 2013) : e78004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078004.

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36

Savazzini, Federica, Stefano Del Duca, Mara Vegro, Francesca Cipriani, Giampaolo Ricci, Alessandro Botton, Gabriella Pasini, Luca Dondini et Stefano Tartarini. « Immunological characterization of recombinant Mal d 1, the main allergen from apple (Malus x domestica L. Borkh) ». Scientia Horticulturae 261 (février 2020) : 108926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108926.

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van Dyk, Maria M., Mogamat Khashief Soeker, Iwan F. Labuschagne et David Jasper G. Rees. « Identification of a major QTL for time of initial vegetative budbreak in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) ». Tree Genetics & ; Genomes 6, n^o 3 (19 janvier 2010) : 489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11295-009-0266-1.

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38

COART, E., S. VAN GLABEKE, M. DE LOOSE, A. S. LARSEN et I. ROLDÁN‐RUIZ. « Chloroplast diversity in the genus Malus : new insights into the relationship between the European wild apple ( Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.) and the domesticated apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) ». Molecular Ecology 15, n^o 8 (19 mai 2006) : 2171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.02924.x.

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Bělíková, Hana, Martin Mészáros, Ladislav Varga, Július Árvay, Barbara Wiśniowska-Kielian, Krzysztof Gondek, Jacek Antonkiewicz et al. « The Effect of Different Forms of Sulphur on Incidence of Apple Scab on Apple Tree (Malus x domestica Borkh) Gloster CV. » Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 26, n^o 1 (1 mars 2019) : 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2019-0015.

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Abstract From 2014 to 2015 the influence of foliar application of sulphur on apple trees (Gloster cv.)was investigated in the apple orchard at the Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology in Holovousy (North-East Bohemia, Czech Republic). The experiment was based on foliar applications of fertilizers containing different forms of sulphur: elemental S0, sulphate SO42− and thiosulphate S2O32− (in combination with other macro- and microelements) and fungicides with or without sulphur: Kumulus (S0 + F) and the conventional fungicide programme (F), in the respective treatments. Apple scab incidence on leaves and fruits was investigated in each experimental year according to the relevant methodology of the OEPP/EPPO standard PP1/5(3) Venturia inaequalis. Data on the incidence of apple scab correlate with the process of pathogen life cycle and risk of infection on the given dates. The incidence of apple scab was the lowest in 2014 in treatment S0 + F (10.8 % on leaves, 2.8 % on fruits) and F (15.8 % on leaves, 6 % on fruits) where conventional fungicides were used. When compared with the other treatments these treatments were the most effective even if the incidence of scab in the individual treatments in 2015 increased by 28 to 60 % due to high infection pressure. The results confirmed the efficiency of the conventional fungicide programme (S0 + F and F) against apple scab incidence on fruits. What is more, the results were slightly better in the treatment, where the conventional fungicide programme was combined with fertilizer containing elemental S (S0 + F) in comparison with fungicides applied alone (F). The effect of the other forms of sulphur (SO4 and S2O3) on apple scab control has not been confirmed. According to the results, the application of the conventional fungicide programme (S0 + F and F) is more effective against scab incidence than the inorganic forms of sulphur alone.

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40

Wójcik, Paweł. « Effect of boron fertilization of apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) on uptake and distribution of mineral elements ». Acta Agrobotanica 51, n^o 1-2 (2013) : 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1998.012.

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The aim of this study was to examine effect of boron (B) fertilization of 'Šampion' apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) grafted on M.26 rootstock on uptake and distribution of mineral elements. The trees were planted at a distance of 4,0 x 2,5 m on sandy-loam soil with low hot-water extractable B content. The study was carried out in 1994-1996 in Dąbrowice Experimental Station located near Skierniewice. The following treatments were applied: (i) soil B application at a rate of 2g B tree<sup>-1</sup> as Bortrac fertilizer (16% B in form of boric acid); (ii) three times leaf B applications before full bloom at a rate of0,67g B tree' at the stage: green and pink bud and beginning of flowering; (iii) three times leaf B applications after bloom at a rate of0,67g B tree<sup>-1</sup>. First spraying was applied at petal fall and next two ones at 2-weeks interval; (iv) control-trees unfer tilized with B. The measurements included: soil chemical analysis (contents of available phosphorus (P) and boron (B) and exchange potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) and plant analysis (concentrations of N,P,K,Mg,Ca and B in the spur leaves, the leaves from oneyear-old shoots and the apple flesh). It was shown that B fertilization had not effect on N uptake and its distribution within apple tree. It was found that soil B application stimulated P uptake which increased concentration of this element in the spur leaves, the leaves from current shoots and the apple flesh. Boron sprayings after bloom increased Ca uptake which rised Ca concentration in studied plant parts. Additionally, leaf B application after bloom reduced plant Mg uptake. As a result of B sprayings after bloom, K concentration was increased in the spur leaves and decreased in the apple flesh. Boron spraying before bloom was less effective in increasing this microelement in plant than leaf B applications after bloom and soil B application.

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Costa, F., S. Stella, S. Sansavini et W. E. Van de Weg. « FUNCTIONAL MARKERS AS GENETIC APPROACH TO STUDY ETHYLENE PRODUCTION AND FRUIT SOFTENING IN APPLE (MALUS X DOMESTICA BORKH.) ». Acta Horticulturae, n^o 682 (juin 2005) : 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2005.682.46.

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Segura, V., C. Cilas, F. Laurens et E. Costes. « Phenotyping progenies for complex architectural traits : a strategy for 1-year-old apple trees (Malus x domestica Borkh.) ». Tree Genetics & ; Genomes 2, n^o 3 (5 avril 2006) : 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11295-006-0037-1.

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De Bondt, An, Kristel Eggermont, Iris Penninckx, Inge Goderis et Willem F. Broekaert. « Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) : an assessment of factors affecting regeneration of transgenic plants ». Plant Cell Reports 15, n^o 7 (mars 1996) : 549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00232992.

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Wyver, Chris, Simon G. Potts, Rowan Edwards, Mike Edwards et Deepa Senapathi. « Climate driven shifts in the synchrony of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) flowering and pollinating bee flight phenology ». Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 329 (février 2023) : 109281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.109281.

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Sharma, G., G. D. Chua et O. C. Sharma. « STUDIES ON EVALUATION AND VARIABILITY PARAMETERS IN LOW CHILLING APPLES (MALUS X DOMESTICA BORKH.) ». Acta Horticulturae, n^o 662 (décembre 2004) : 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2004.662.19.

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Thomas, J., N. C. Sharma, P. Kumar, A. Chauhan et P. Chauhan. « Effect of biostimulant and biofertilizers on soil bio-chemical properties and plant growth of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) nursery ». Journal of Environmental Biology 43, n^o 2 (11 mars 2022) : 276–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/43/2/mrn-1934.

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Aim: To assess the effect of biostimulant and biofertilizers on soil properties and plant growth of apple nursery under eco-friendly production system. Methodology: The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design comprising 18 treatments of biostimulant, biofertilizers and their combinations. Each treatment was replicated thrice. Nursery beds of apple seedling rootstocks were prepared and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, PGPR (Bacillus sp.) were applied by soil drenching method and commercial formulations of granular bio-stimulant containing humic acid (39%) + kelp extract (25%) + amino acids (9.0%) + ascorbic acid + thiamine + inositol + tocopherol (27%) were applied in two split doses by broadcasting in root zone. The effects of these various formulations were investigated during the course of studies. Results: Linear growth, radial growth of scion (6.66 mm), number of leaves per plant, leaf area, success rate, saleable plants, total root length, fresh weight of shoots, dry weight of shoots, fresh weight of roots, dry weight of roots and total plant biomass of apple nursery plants were significantly increased with the combined application of biostimulant (200 g m-2 nursery bed) + AM fungi (20 g per plant) + PGPR (50 ml per plant). This treatment also significantly improved the status of available soil N, P, K and population of fungi, bacteria as well as actinomycetes in the rhizosphere. Interpretation: Application of biostimulant (200 g m-2 nursery bed) + AM fungi (20 g per plant) + PGPR (50 ml per plant) proved to be the most effective combination of eco-friendly inputs for the production of good quality apple nursery plants with well developed shoot and root system and improved the soil bio-chemical properties.

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Jailani, Ahmad Waris. « Effect of Plant Growth Regulator on Growth, Yield and Quality of Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) cv. Royal Delicious ». Indian Journal of Pure & ; Applied Biosciences 8, n^o 3 (30 juin 2020) : 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8190.

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Cantre, D., E. Herremans, P. Verboven, M. L. A. T. M. Hertog, M. van Dael, T. De Schryver, L. Van Hoorebeke et B. M. Nicolaï. « Modeling the development of transport structures in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) fruit using X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT) ». Acta Horticulturae, n^o 1160 (mai 2017) : 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2017.1160.46.

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Iacopini, P., T. Bracci, F. Camangi, F. Martinelli, M. Busconi et L. Sebastiani. « Study of Biodiversity for Fruit Valorization : the example of Ancient Apple Cultivars (Malus x domestica Borkh.) from Tuscany (Italy) ». Journal of Biotechnology 150 (novembre 2010) : 311–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.288.

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Byers, R. E., J. A. Barden et D. H. Carbaugh. « Thinning of Spur `Delicious' Apples by Shade, Terbacil, Carbaryl, and Ethephon ». Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 115, n^o 1 (janvier 1990) : 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.115.1.9.

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Terbacil applied to whole-spur `Delicious' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees reduced photosynthesis and fruit set. The addition of the surfactant X-77 to terbacil sprays increased fruit thinning and leaf injury. Terbacil sprays applied to leaves only (fruit covered with foil) were as effective as when applied to leaves plus fruit. Dipping fruit alone in a terbacil solution did not cause abscission. Shading trees for 4 days with 92% polypropylene shade material reduced fruit set =50%. Spraying trees with carbaryl reduced fruit set by 25%. The combination of shade + carbaryl spraying reduced fruit set by 89%. Chemical names used: l-naphthalenyl methylcarbamate (carbaryl); 3-tert- butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil (terbacil); 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon); alkaryl polyoxyethylene alcohols (X-77).

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