Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Appennino Reggiano »

Recent literature has highlighted the importance of testing the sustainability performances of supply chains. Nevertheless, this field of research is still in its early stages, in particular with reference to short food supply chains (SFSCs). This research analyzed producers’ and consumers’ perception of the economic, social and environmental sustainability of two SFSCs of a specific quality of cheese (Parmigiano Reggiano PDO) placed in two different contexts: the first is a rural area in the Appennino Tosco-Emiliano National Park mountains and the second is a peri-urban area in Parma surroundings, both in Italy. The case study also analyzed the carbon emissions of shopping for Parmigiano Reggiano at dairy shops. Qualitative and quantitative methodologies were employed to achieve the aims of the present study. For producers in both areas, the SFSC is a successful strategy to sell a part of their output in their own outlets, gain reputation, reduce costs and at the same time increase their levels of self-esteem. Product quality is the biggest factor attracting consumers to the outlet; moreover, it is associated with trust in the producers and the idea of combining “leisure with pleasure”. However, the environmental impact of the consumers’ purchase activities is a drawback.

The Monte Piano — Blsmantova sequence (Middle Eocene — Late Miocene) in the Northern Apenmnes represents a new sedimentary cycle after the tectonic phase of the Early—Middle Eocene. This phase principally affected the structural Units of Ligurian domain. This sedimentary sequence (the postorogenic Ligurian Sequence), shows evidence of the progression of the Apennine orogenesis mainly through the development of unconformities of regional extension. In fact, this new sedimentary cycle began after the definitive closure of the Ligurian ocean (Oceanic stage) and sedimentation continued durIng the subsequent development of a collisional margin (Ensialic stage) between the European and African Adriatic plates. The stratigraphic and structural features of the Apenmne margin between Tresinaro Valley and Lavino Valley are described brteflv in this paper. Moreover, the contact between the Ranzano Formation and the Antognola Formation, parts of the postorogenic Ligurian Sequence, is discussed in terms of the micropaleontologica] data obtained from three stratigraphical sections situated In the lower valley of the Secchia River. The contact coincides with an unconformity that is marked by a biostratigraphical hiatus. In fact, foraminifera] associations indicate that the top of the Ranzano Formation is attributable to Zone PI 8 (Lower Oligocene) and that the base of the Antognola Formation is already attributable to Zone P 21 (Upper Oligocene). There was no evidence of the presence of Zone PI 9/20. The chronological range of the hiatus is estimated as 2.4 to 1 0 Ma, depending upon the chronological scale adopted and the exact position of the "top" of the Ranzano Formation and the base of the Antognola Formation. On the basis of the stratigraphic relations existing among the various units of the postorogenic Ligurian Sequence outcropping in the studied area and on the basis of the data collected on the contact between the Ranzano Formation and Antognola Formation, it is clear that the hiatus is attributable to submarine erosion of a part of the turbiditic deposits of the Ranzano Formation, which are affected by pronounced tectono—sedimentary phenomena. The tectonic movements developed in the Ligurian domain in a per10d preceding the deposition of the Antognola Formation. They are thus contemporary with the beginning of the deposition of the Macigno in the Tuscan paleogeographical domain.

The micropaleontological study (Foraminifera) of the upper part of the Monte Piano Marls up to the transition to the overlying Ranzano Sandstones has pointed out the presence of Middle Eocene and Lower Oligocene microfaunas. Species attributable to Zone P 15 and/or to the earlier part of P 16 (Late Eocene) are usually reworked in sediments of the latest Eocene—Early Oligocene age. The reworking of planktonic and benthonic faunas can be related to resedimentation phenomena, which are also evidentiated by sedimentological features and thanatocoenosis characters. The composition of the benthonic foraminiferal faunas indicates a Iower bathyal—abyssal environment; displaced species from shallower depths are not present. These data suggest that, during the latest Eocene—Early Oligocene, the Monte Piano Marls basin was affected by differential uplifts with the formation of structural highs and their subsequent erosion.

Il seguente documento riguarda una grande frana complessa situata in Val d’Enza (Appennino reggiano). I movimenti roto-traslativi del corpo superiore di frana risultano influenzati in modo marginale dai pattern di precipitazione locali, bensì, la dinamica del versante superiore sembra strettamente correlata alla risalita di fluidi profondi altamente mineralizzati e metaniferi. Lo studio è pertanto rivolto alla valutazione degli effetti che questi fluidi possono provocare sulla stabilità del corpo superiore di frana, attraverso analisi di laboratorio e modellazioni numeriche. In particolare, sono stati elaborati dati di laboratorio acquisiti da prove di taglio diretto, al fine di verificare l’influenza del chimismo delle acque sotterranee sui parametri di resistenza al taglio della frazione più fine del terreno. In seguito, sono stati determinati i parametri di resistenza mobilitata (c’m, φ’m) mediante back analysis all’equilibrio limite di distinte superfici di scorrimento, unitamente ad un’analisi di sensitività della tavola d’acqua. Infine, è stato valutato qualitativamente il contributo del gas a metano sull’instabilità del versante, ipotizzando differenti distribuzioni di sovrapressione nel sottosuolo e verificando il loro effetto sul grado di stabilità. I risultati dello studio mostrano come le condizioni di primo collasso possano essere sufficientemente riprodotte da una soggiacenza di falda di circa un metro nell’area di coronamento. Gli stessi non escludono però che modeste sovrappressioni del gas, idonee per il contesto idrogeologico studiato, possano compromettere facilmente la stabilità per soggiacenze di falda intorno ai 5 m, più difficilmente, invece, per profondità maggiori, intorno ai 10 m. Lo studio ha inoltre dimostrato che una varizione dell’elevato contenuto salino dell’acquifero non influenza la resistenza a scorrimento della parte superiore del versante, imputabile alla presenza nel terreno di un marginale contenuto di minerali argillosi attivi.