Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Apparentia iuris »

AbstractAlciato's Parergon iuris libri duodecim belongs to the tradition of humanist notebooks which begins with Valla's Elegantiae and finds its most important representative in Poliziano's Miscellanea. It purports to provide explanations of difficulties found in the Corpus iuris civilis based on Alciato's reading in non-legal texts. However, it is apparent that he is also seeking to demonstrate his competence in the emendation and explication of these literary and historical texts. The remarks he is led to make about "grammatici" and "rhetores" are revealing of his personal attitudes and symptomatic of the evolution of attitudes in the world of education.

Abstract This article analyses a peculiar misogynist sermon held in 1702 by an unknown, probably Franciscan preacher at the court of Friedrich August, alias August ‘der Starke’, prince-elector of Saxony (r. 1694–1733) and king of Poland (r. 1697–1704/6 & 1709–1733). This sermon, held in the year that Poland faced a Swedish military invasion, laments the many problems of the Polish king and the kingdom of Poland, and puts the blame squarely on the shoulders of the king’s mistresses. This article tries to recreate the immediate context in which this sermon can be situated, and provides an analysis of the argument of the preacher, also as a type of typical anti-feminine discourse in early modern Franciscan pastoral care. At the very end is included a transcript and draft translation of the sermon itself, based on its apparently only surviving text witness included in Ms. iurid. 39 of the Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Kassel.

Abstract Background: Neutropenia is recognized as a defining or common element in a limited number of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDDs) (Dotta L et al. Immunol Let 2014; Cham B et al. Semin Hematol 2002); but, the overall prevalence of neutropenia within the more than 300 known PIDDs is not well described. Many of the PIDDs rely on a high index of clinical suspicion for diagnosis which may not be readily apparent to hematologists evaluating a neutropenic patient, underscoring the importance of understanding the rate of neutropenia in PIDDs and impact on clinical outcomes. The goal of this study was to evaluate the frequency and characteristics of neutropenia in a large registry of patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID). Methods: The United States Immunodeficiency Network (USIDNET) is a research consortium that maintains a national registry for the collection of data on patients with PIDDs. The USIDNET was queried for data regarding patients aged 21 years or less. Data utilized included reported PID diagnosis, gene mutation, gender, race, status of patient (living or deceased), year of birth, age at death, age of disease diagnosis, and results of reported complete blood counts (CBCs). PID diagnoses were grouped according to the 2017 International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) Phenotypic Classification for Primary Immunodeficiencies (Bousfiha A et al. J Clin Immunol 2018). Mild, moderate, and severe neutropenia were defined as absolute neutrophil counts of 1000-1499 cells/μL, 500-999 cells/μL, and < 500 cells/μL, respectively. Data are presented with descriptive statistics. The frequency of neutropenia was compared between genders and by race using chi-square test analysis. Results: An initial data request resulted in information on 1577 patients; 384 patients were eliminated from analysis given insufficient recorded registry data due to a lack of a documented absolute neutrophil count. An additional 48 patients were excluded given that complete blood cell counts were only reported following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Data was thus available for 1145 pediatric patients with PIDDs. A total of 2058 neutrophil values were analyzed with 62.7% (719) patients having only a single neutrophil value available for review. Overall, 15.8% of PIDD pediatric patients in the USIDNET registry had neutropenia, ranging from 12.01% (combined immunodeficiencies with associated or syndromic features) to 66.67% (defects in intrinsic and innate immunity) in IUIS categories (Table 1) and in USIDNET categories from 2.94% (autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome) to 75.00% (susceptibility to mycobacterial infections) (Table 2). Of PID patients with neutropenia, 20.4% had severe neutropenia, 33.1% had moderate neutropenia, and 46.4% had mild neutropenia. Neutropenia was most likely to be severe in patients with predisposition to severe viral infections as well as those with a defect in intrinsic and innate immunity (Tables 1-2). There was no statistically significant difference in neutropenia between genders (p = 0.64). However, females were more likely to have severe neutropenia than males (28% versus 16%; p=0.03). Additionally, 28% of African-American patients had recorded neutropenia while only 17% of Caucasians and 2% of Asian/Pacific Islanders were neutropenic (p=0.005). There was no statistically significant difference in severity of neutropenia and death nor in the rate of bacterial and fungal infections detected between neutropenic and non-neutropenic patients with 93% of patients in the dataset living at the time of data collection. Conclusions: The frequency of neutropenia within pediatric patients diagnosed with PIDD is higher and more ubiquitous than previously suspected. Hematologists should consider a PIDD in the assessment of neutropenia, particularly if other concerning signs or symptoms are present. Although this evaluation did not detect a difference in morbidity or mortality, the data set was constrained by a limited number of CBCs per patient and the rarity of the PIDDs. The impact of neutropenia on PIDD outcomes requires further study, ideally through a prospective longitudinal study. Acknowledgments: The U.S. Immunodeficiency Network (USIDNET), a program of the Immune Deficiency Foundation (IDF), is supported by a cooperative agreement, U24AI86837, from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Disclosures Dale: Athelas, Inc.: Equity Ownership; Amgen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Sanofi-Aventi: Consultancy, Honoraria; Cellerant: Other: Scientific Advisory Board; Hospira: Consultancy; Prolong: Consultancy; Beheringer-Ingelheim: Consultancy; Coherus: Consultancy.

PetroRio is a young, Brazilian independent oil producer whose acquisitions tend to raise the same question: “How do you make money from old brownfields? That is the question we have always heard,” said Iuri Rossi, subsea coordinator at PetroRio. The answer has existed since small companies began buying the discards from big oil companies looking for the next giant field—cut costs and invest some of the earnings to extend the productive life of the existing platform. At this year’s Offshore Technology Conference (OTC), Rossi provided an example by describing how PetroRio acquired two nearby fields in the Campos Basin to create a single, profitable unit (OTC 31900). It began with the acquisition of the Polvo field (Portuguese for “octopus”) in 2016, shortly after the launch of the privately owned company. The purchase from BP included a floating production platform and a costly leased floating, production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) vessel capable of handling many times the 8,000 B/D output of the aging field. The value of the Octopus field became apparent only in 2020 after the company made two more acquisitions: First, it purchased an FPSO on the nearby field Tubarão Martelo (Portuguese for “hammerhead shark”); later that year it also bought the field. Those deals offered a solution—build a pipeline from the Polvo platform to the Tubarão Martelo FPSO and dump the leased FPSO. The $45 million spent to marry the field saved $50 million a year, generating cash to support a future that will include more drilling, Rossi said. The cost-cutting moves also included small deals such as buying an obsolete drilling rig for $1.00, then getting it running again and using it to work over wells. “We bring a new mindset; so, we say, ‘let’s try it,’” Rossi said. New thinking and more investment in the Campos are what Brazil needs as Petrobras and other big companies sell off smaller holdings in the rich basin that made the country a major oil producer before the ultradeepwater pre-salt play in the Santos Basin eclipsed it. But there is a lot of oil left in the Campos. Equinor reported that its partnership with Petrobras has a goal of adding 1 billion bbl of production to the Roncador field alone (OTC 31729). Still, at age 40 it is a mature play, along with the North Sea and the US Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Petrobras recently announced it would allocate $5 billion to work in the Campos from a $20-billion fund to provide the infrastructure needed to promote offshore development. “The Campos Basin plays a very strategic role for Petrobras in the future. Two-thirds of the production [there] in 2026 will come from investments made right now,” said Eduardo Bordieri, executive strategy manager for Petrobras, while presenting a paper on the future of the Campos at an OTC session (OTC 31883).

La tesi prende in esame la dialettica tra fatto e diritto nell’esperienza giuridica di Roma alla luce del principio di apparenza del diritto. Per ciascuna delle principali manifestazioni del principio di apparenza (erede apparente, creditore apparente, rappresentante apparente) è individuato un possibile antecedente storico nel diritto romano (possessor pro herede, falsus creditor, falsus procurator), di cui viene proposta una dettagliata analisi alla luce delle fonti antiche e delle interpretazioni dottrinali. Sono poi esaminati i rapporti familiari di fatto (relazioni more uxorio, matrimonium iniustum e concubinato), in quanto riconducibili a loro volta al principio di apparenza. La ricerca, interrogandosi sulle ragioni dell’estensione della disciplina giuridica alla fattispecie apparente, individua una tendenza comune ai vari fenomeni che, pur eterogenei, esprimono la medesima tensione tra fatto e diritto presente negli ordinamenti giuridici di ogni epoca storica. The thesis examines the dialectic between fact and law in the juridical experience of Rome in light of the principle of appearance of law. For each of the main manifestations of the principle of appearance (apparent heir, apparent creditor, apparent representative) is identified a possible historical antecedent in Roman law (possessor pro herede, falsus creditor, falsus procurator), of which is proposed a detailed analysis in the light of ancient sources and doctrinal interpretations. Then are examined the “de facto” family relationships (more uxorio relations, matrimonium iniustum and concubinage), since they can in turn be traced back to the principle of appearance. The research, questioning the reasons of the extension of the juridical discipline to the apparent case, identifies a common tendency to the various phenomena which, although heterogeneous, express the same tension between fact and law present in the legal systems of every historical epoch.