Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Antonov An-2 (aircraft) »

Heavy transport aircraft are built and operated by US airlines (C-5A, C-5B, B-747-400), the European Concern Airbus (A-380), and the ANTONOV domestic state-owned enterprise. Such heavy aircraft as An-22, An-124 and An-225 have received worldwide recognition as the most efficient in their class [1, 2, 3]. It should be noted that such outstanding compatriots as O. K. Antonov, P. V. Balabuev, S. A. Bychkov, V. I. Tolmachev, V.F.Eroshin, O.K.Bogdanov made a decisive contribution to their improvement (including formation of mass characteristics).The main path of development of domestic heavy transport aircraft is to create modifications that meet the ever-increasing requirements of the time and customers to improve their transport and economic performance.The article shows that one of the ways to improve this type aircraft efficiency is the formation of their mass characteristics (i.e., mass of the aircraft modification itself and its individual units), which significantly affect all flight technical and economic parameters.It is proposed to take into account possible changes in four groups of parameters when assessing the starting mass (formed at the initial stages of creating a modification):T - a group of parameters that determine the level of requirements for a new modification;U - a group of parameters that determine the achievement of the stated goals at the stages of creation and operation of the modification;O - a group of parameters that determine the appearance of the future modification;P - a group of parameters that determine the mass and its density in the created modification.Division of the parameters into four groups makes it possible to evaluate and minimize the effect of the objective "square - cube" law on the mass gain in the design, production of a prototype and its flight tests and to represent it in the form of the starting mass of the modification (m0).The effectiveness of using the proposed approach to the formation of mass characteristics is shown on examples of the development of modifications of the An-124-100M and An-124-100M-150 airplanes.A distinctive feature of these modifications are: they were developed twenty years after creation of the base An-124 aircraft, carrying capacity has been increased by 30 tons, takeoff weight has been increased by 7%, the wing area, as well as the takeoff roll and landing run remained unchanged. The empty aircraft mass also remained unchanged, which indicates a special approach to the formation of mass characteristics. At the same time, in these modifications, the carrying capacity and flight performance increased by 25%, which is the highest achievement in the practice of creating aircraft of this type

In the "Antonov" Company, a unique medium-sized tactical military transport aircraft An-12 and An-70 have been created. Based on the Аn-12 basic version, several modifications have been developed, which operate in many countries around the world.To replace this aircraft has been created the An-70 with a higher capacity and hourly capacity, which on some key parameters outperforms the competition-analogs: American C-130J-30, West-European A400M, and Japanese C-2.However, the range with the maximum capacity is worse for Аn-77 compared to the A400M, but cruising speed and combat readiness – for C-2.For the most complete implementation of tactical tasks:– transportation of personnel, equipment, goods, and means of procurement;– delivery of military units, equipment, and cargo in the interests of peacekeeping or counter-terrorism operations;– transportation of troops, arms, military equipment and material resources of strategic direction;– delivery of units and formations of the airborne forces and ground forces in the areas of military purpose;– provision of the relocation of aviation units and formations, and provision of superiority at range with maximum load, at cruising speed and combat readiness the team of the “Antonov” Company created the An-188 – the medium-sized tactical aircraft with short takeoff and landing, which provides execution of a series of tasks, not available even for C-2.At the initial stage of designing this modification scientific principles the "Design techniques of modifications of the MTA taking into account the profound changes in the wing and the power plant" were used. The most important modification change in An-188 is the replacement of the D-27 turboprop engine for СFM LЕАР-1A turbofan engine, which increased the capacity and combat readiness of modification.Another important modification change was the use of discrete geometric twist of the wing local chord, bringing its shape in plan view to elliptical one and has brought a reduction in induced drag for a given lift force. This solution provided an increase in the range of up to 3200 km.Such profound modification changes in the power plant and the geometry of the wing have contributed to the complete superiority of the An-188 in the class of operational-tactical MTA.In combination with An-132D and An-178 modification, the An-188 can be considered as a unified system of support for the troops with military transport planes.

The article provides a thorough comparative and historical analysis of the process of formation of worldview and professional guidelines in the activities of Oleg Antonov, a prominent master of the national aircraft construction and design industry. In particular, the author, based on numerous biographical materials, highlights certain issues of shaping the worldview of the future founder of the aviation industry in his early youth, outlines the range of interests and hobbies related to Oleg Antonov's own beliefs and the influence of his immediate environment.The author highlights the initial steps of Oleg Antonov's amateur activities towards the creation of the first aircraft, in particular, his participation in the «club of aviation amateurs» organized by him in Saratov in his youth. The first experience of the future aircraft designer's participation in the second All-Union glider rally in the Crimea and his confirmation in choosing his future profession are highlighted.The author emphasizes the importance of Oleg Antonov's fateful meetings in his youth with future prominent spacecraft and aircraft designers S. Korolev, S. Ilyushin, and test pilots S. Anokhin and K. Arceulov.The author points out that despite the failure in Koktebel due to the fact that the Golub glider did not take off due to certain design flaws, O. Antonov used this experience as a springboard to the big world of aircraft construction, taking into account all his mistakes and embarking on the path of improving and modernizing the models he had already created. This event can be classified as the starting point of the national gliding industry and Oleg Antonov's professional growth.The author emphasizes that all subsequent aircraft designs by O. Antonov's design bureau were distinguished by their high-tech component and innovative design approaches. The author emphasizes the fact that in his professional activities, O. Antonov solved all the tasks he set with due regard to the laws of aerodynamics, design, strength testing, manufacturability, etc. Such a credo of professionalism was laid down at the initial stage of O. Antonov's formation as an aircraft designer and head of a leading design bureau.

A simulation model of the process of transportation of spare parts from the manufacturer to airports was developed using the method of agent modeling in the AnyLogic environment. During the construction of the model, a GIS map of the OpenStreetMap resource was used, which allows you to add coordinates of objects and build routes as close as possible to real ones. The imitation model was built for the Antonov Serial Plant and seven Ukrainian airports, which need spare parts for aircraft maintenance and repair twice a week. The order comes from the airport to the factory via notification. After that, the truck is loaded, the maximum number of cars for transportation is seven. The time for loading and unloading is two to three hours. After receiving the spare parts, the airport notifies this enterprise by the message «Delivered!». Then the truck is sent back to the enterprise. During the development of the simulation model, the single agent for the factory «Manufacturing», the population of the agent «Airport», which contains a collection of airports with their coordinates, the population of agents «Truck» and the agent type «Order» are created. The process of placing an order for new spare parts is described, given that each airport sends a request of the same form. The logic of order processing by the plant is described, which takes into account: receiving an application, time for loading the truck, sending it to the customer, unloading the truck, notification of delivery and returning the truck to the company. An optimization experiment was created and conducted to minimize the number of cargo vehicles for the supply of spare parts to Ukrainian airports, the loading of which is no more than 85%. The results of the experiment showed that the best allowable value for the use of resources is about 64% when using 2 trucks. According to the results of the conducted research the average value of the resource utilization rate at the enterprise will range from 60-85%.

The 2022 International Symposium on Advanced Launch Technologies took place in a hybrid format (virtually and physically) during 4-6 July 2022 at the Shaanxi Hotel, Xi’an, in the People’s Republic of China. It was organised as a hybrid conference due to the pandemic and travel restrictions. By holding part of it in virtual format, a greater number of scientists and engineers worldwide could participate. The objectives of the conference were to disseminate details on the latest developments in launch technologies. The scope of the conference included fire control technologies, unmanned launch and anti-aircraft technologies, new materials, command and communications technologies, and applications of artificial intelligence. The two Chairs of the conference were the following: Professor Kuiwu Li, Northwest Institute of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, China; Clive Woodley, Principal Scientist, UK. The conference comprised an Opening Ceremony followed by plenary lectures. A Closing Ceremony was conducted at the end of the conference. In addition, papers were submitted and reviewed for publication in the conference proceedings. Each plenary lecture was 30 minutes long including questions. Details of the opening ceremony and plenary lectures are provided below: Opening Ceremony (5 minutes each): Chunjian Li, China; Clive Woodley, UK. Plenary lectures: 1. Ying Tan, Peking University, China. Title: “Advances in Swarm Intelligence for Optimization and Cooperation of Swarm-Robotics” 2. Vladimír Čech, University of Defence, Brno, Czech Republic. Title: “Improved Artillery Fire Coorections for Deviations of Meterorological Parameters”. 3. Juan Antonio Álvarez García, University of Seville, Spain. Title: “AI Application in Armament Systems”. 4. Qiang Li, North University of China, China. Title: “Analysis of Shock Characteristics of Supercritical CO2”. Closing Ceremony (5 minutes): Clive Woodley The participants were located in Asia and Europe and the overall attendance number was about 200. The number of papers accepted was 176. List of Organizing Committee is available in this Pdf.