Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Anti-smoking Advertisements »

Recently, the Ministry of Health Pakistan decreed that disclosures of anti- smoking messages placement in the movies should be used whereby fear based cognitive anti-smoking message is shown. Consistent with the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) assumption that persuasion messages likely influence the attitude of the relatively unmotivated individuals. This study is the first which tests and compare the ability of anti-smoking persuasion messages presented in the Direct Anti-smoking public service Advertisements (DAA) and Anti-smoking messages Placement Disclosures in movies (APD) in determining viewer’s Attitude to Quit Smoking (AQS). Hence, this attempt overcomes deficient understanding about the effects of disclosing anti-smoking advertisement placement. In a between-subject experiment (N = 120), we measure the smokers’ attitudes in the result of the direct anti-smoking advertisements along with the APDs in movies. Results of the experiment show that attitude to quit smoking becomes stronger when a direct anti-smoking advertisement and anti-smoking disclosure is shown. However, analyses based on Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM) on Advanced Analysis for Composites (ADANCO) 2.0.1 (a new software for variance-based SEM) attitude to quit smoking is significantly higher when the anti-smoking message disclosure is shown during the movie scenes. These results have significant implications for persuasion theories and public policy about anti-smoking campaigns.

Cigarette consumption occurs throughout the world and is widespread among teenagers. Moreover, the existence of cigarette advertisements as a promotional media that is easily found in various mass media, can provide smoking influences to adolescents. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of cigarette advertising on adolescent smoking initiation. This study uses a literature review. Google Scholar, Sciene Direct, and Proquest are used to select literature related to the topic to be discussed. The analysis in this study was also assisted with several articles found on the internet. Based on research, the influence of various types of cigarette advertisements in general in various countries can lead to smoking initiation among adolescents. The image in cigarette advertisements makes smokers look attractive. Teenagers who are exposed to cigarette advertisements are more open and have a high curiosity about the use of cigarettes. Some actions need to be taken to reduce cigarette consumption in adolescents, such as providing cigarette education to adolescents, as well as enforcement of strong anti-smoking advertising, promotion and sponsorship policies. So, the teenagers know and understand the harmful effects of using these cigarettes. Keywords: Cigarette advertisement, adolescent health, smoking.

Indonesia's tobacco control law enforcement remains weak and has not regulated the total ban on tobacco advertisement, promotion, and sponsorship bans (TAPS). Meanwhile, mediated anti-smoking messages have been significantly found to reduce smoking prevalence in many countries, helping people to stop smoking and preventing new smokers. Unfortunately, the anti-smoking Public Service Advertisements (PSAs) in Indonesia is unable to compete with the extensive and creative cigarette advertising or pro-smoking messages in many media platforms. Messages encouraging people to stop smoking and delivering the hazardous effects of smoking remain spotty in terms of numbers and visibility, leaving people with limited information about the adverse effects of smoking. There has been little research literature looking at how people perceived the effectiveness of anti-smoking messages. This study aims to identify and assess the anti-smoking PSAs by #suaratanparokok. A content analysis is carried out to examine the perceived effectiveness of the #suaratanparokok PSAs on YouTube. The involvement of YouTube influencers and optimizing social media platforms are important in delivering the PSAs. This study provides insights and recommendations to warn people about the danger of smoking through effective anti-smoking messages.

This study examined the effect of induced hypocrisy as a new anti-smoking advertisement approach on smokers’ attitudes toward advertisements and their attitudes and intentions toward smoking cessation. It also comparatively analysed the effects of this tactic against those of the fear appeals that have traditionally been used in anti-smoking campaigns. The findings showed highly positive effects from induced hypocrisy on smoker attitudes and intentions toward cessation. Comparison of fear appeals and induced hypocrisy advertising on cessation showed stronger effects from the former on cessation intentions, although not to a statistically significant degree. When smokers were categorised according to self-construal, stronger cessation attitudes and intentions were found among those belonging to the ‘interdependent self’ group than among those in the ‘independent self’ group. Theoretical and practical implications for anti-smoking advertising are also discussed.

碩士
世新大學
傳播管理學研究所(含碩專班)
95
Smoking is now the major and most common unhealthy behavior in Taiwan. The number one of ten causes for cancer in Taiwan is-lung cancer; the main reason for this disease is smoking. Despite of the efforts from government and relevant agencies, smoking population in Taiwan is still increasing alarmingly and the smoking age drops in general. It should be an issue for concern, among academic community of communication, government and non-government anti-smoking agency, if there is so-called “third-person effect” to the audiences of the anti-smoking advertisement. According to the empirical study of third-person effect, “cognitive difference of first and third-person effect” is influenced by media content. If the media content is negative or unnecessary (e.g. violence, pornography, negative commercial and etc.), the respondents would consider the media content has less effect on themselves and more effect on others; however, if the media content is positive or necessary (e.g. public announcement and guidance, news report and etc.), the respondents would consider the media content has more effect on themselves and less effect on others or they would consider there is little difference of the effect on themselves and others. For the past years, there are few researches on third-person effect in Taiwan; and it needs to be investigated and researched that if there is third-person effect in media messages of public announcement and guidance. The purpose of this study is to investigate if the respondents have third-person effect cognition towards anti-smoking advertisement. We adopted questionnaire survey, using stratified collective sampling on 470 Taipei City senior high school and occupational school students. Study results indicate the respondents tend to consider that anti-smoking advertisement has much greater effect on themselves than on others in terms of anti-smoking attitude and smoking behavior, which shows “reversed third-person effect”. We, then, examined the intensity of third-person effect by taking into account of background factors, smoking knowledge, attitude, intention and contacts with anti-smoking advertisement. Among them, there are significant differences in gender, residence status, grade, current smoking status, friends’ smoking condition, smoking attitude, smoking behavioral-intention and anti-smoking advertisement evaluation. The results indicate that the participant ( female compared with male, and third grades compared with second grades, and high evaluation compared with low evaluation of the anti-smoking advertisement ) tend to has the great effect on themselves than others; On the other hand, The Participant ( who lives with family compare with not lived with family, and smoke occasionally compared with nonsmoker, and have many friends smoking compared with other good friends smoking, and have more positive attitude about smoke, and have more possibility in smoking behavior intention, and have low evalution of the anti-smoking advertisement) tend to has the great effect on others than themselves. Although this study has verified respondents’ reversed third-person effect of anti-smoking advertisement, it is important to note that those respondents who do not live with family, who currently smoke, who have many good friends smoking, who have positive smoking attitude, who have great possibility in smoking behavioral-intention have third-person effect of anti-smoking advertisement. We hope to provide empirical case study for Taiwan public announcement and guidance regarding third-person effect in communication behavior, and also offer references in practice of smoking prevention and anti-smoking advertisement.