Thèses sur le sujet « Anthropologie des mondes antiques »
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Scaccuto, Alessandra. « La sexualité animale dans l'Antiquité grecque et romaine : science, morale et imagination ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ2007.
Texte intégralThe aim of this study is to reconstruct the representations of animal sexual behaviour in the ancient zoologies. To this end, we have defined a corpus of Greek and Latin texts, consisting of Aristotle's zoological treatises (mainly "History of Animals" and "Generation of Animals"), Varro's "On Agriculture", Columella's "On Agriculture", Pliny the Elder's "Natural History", Plutarch's treatises on animals (mainly "On the Cleverness of Animals" and "Whether Beasts Are Rational"), Elian's "On the Characteristics of Animals", Oppian of Cilicia's "Halieutica" and Oppian of Apamea's "Cynegetica". In Antiquity, animal sexuality was often presented as the expression of an original sexuality opposed to that of humans, which was described as morally and socially constructed or even perverted. Animals are invoked as a reference model, a 'touchstone', to measure human behaviours against a homogenous pattern that is considered to be intact. However, the sexual behaviour of animals is characterised by a considerable diversity, which is too poorly taken into account by this approach. Nonetheless, this diversity is well attested in ancient zoological texts. In our study, we wanted to go beyond the simplistic and idealised doxa of a naïve animal sexuality, by paying special attention to the particular and specific practices attested by passages which describe animals sexual behaviours as such and not just as a mirror of human sexuality. If we avoid these biases of interpretation, we can see that our sources attribute behaviours that are very often considered to be purely cultural and human to other animals, such as sexuality for recreational purposes.The first part of the thesis deals with reproduction. The different anatomical configurations linked to sexual differentiation and the different mating positions are considered here. This first part concludes with a theoretical section devoted to the question of the ideological use of animal sexuality in Antiquity. The passages highlighted here do not focus specifically on animals, but mention their sexuality as a source of exempla for humans. The second part, on the other hand, looks at all the sexual practices generally dismissed or denied by an ideological view of animal sexuality. Several passages depict non-human animals as desiring beings who can seek pleasure, in a dynamic reminiscent of the manifestations of human sexual desire and expressed in a common vocabulary. The texts cover a range of behaviours, from monogamy to homosexual practices, without excluding interspecific relationships, which can prove fertile. The third part deals with behaviours that the sources themselves present as excessive, first and foremost incest. In addition, certain sexual acts are associated with various forms of violence. Desire can also drive individuals to act against reproduction itself: this is the case with animals that try to free themselves from their offspring in order to mate. This reflection on animal sexuality has been enriched by an interdisciplinary approach combining literary criticism and philology with methodologies and reflections borrowed from anthropology, ethology, sexuality studies and Animal Studies
Ghazi, Hlima. « Les chefs berbères dans l'histoire des mondes antiques ». Bordeaux 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR30025.
Texte intégralWe have tried to demonstrate that the image given to Berber leaders in antique sources, all favorable to Rome and conveyed by contemporary historians, is often a misrepresentation of reality. These very sources, thanks to the information they give, have allowed us to determine different geographical perimeters of these leaders' influence and the constant change of their states frontiers; they also allowed for the understanding of the nature of their relations with external worlds. These relations are essentially conflicting with Carthage and Rome and cultural with the Greek world
Cadoret, Michelle. « Adolescents des mondes contemporains ». Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHESA060.
Texte intégralBouillon, Florence. « Les mondes du squat : anthropologie d'un habitat précaire / ». Paris : Presses universitaires de France : ["Le Monde"], 2009. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41444849n.
Texte intégralAncel, Marie-Josée. « La crémation en milieu rural en Gaule Belgique romaine : les exemples de la Lorraine et du Nord-Pas-de-Calais ». Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20044/document.
Texte intégralThis work starts with the study of three rural sites situated in mediomatric territory, leuque and atrebate : Mecleuves (Moselle), Contrexeville (Vosges) and Loison-sous-Lens (Pas-de-Calais). Archeological and anthropological studies practiced on the structures and osseous remains of these sites, allows a concentrated approach of the defunct who, put in perspective with data of many other regional sites, offers the occasion to examine the question in a larger way. In this way, a data base has been realized with the purpose to inventory and to characterize the funeral sites of the regions of Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Lorraine. Starting from this documentation, first the implantation of funeral area`s in the landscape has been treated, especially in their relation with living structures and other elements of the landscape (paths, parcels of land…). A second approach treats the inner organization of the funeral space : its materialization, its surface, arrangement of tombs and other structures…The funeral structure on its own is approached in a more detailed way, to differentiate the cremation areas, secondary graves and annexed structures to the tomb that belongs to the funeral rites and accompanies the defunct. Finally, the osteological studies are compared with the archeological data (especially the funeral fittings), to develop more in general the management of the cremated remains
Badinjki, Oubayda. « Histoire de la civilisation ancienne du monde arabe. Les figurines masculines en terre cuite en Syrie et au Liban au Néolithique et aux âges du Bronze. Etudes de cas ». Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H020.
Texte intégralWhy male figurines? Because archaeologists specializing in terracotta have generally targeted zoomorphic figurines and, among anthropomorphic figurines, representations of women. Until now, there is no exhaustive and detailed catalog of terracotta male models. In this vast field of investigation, I have selected two periods : Prehistory, to go back to the origins and think about the creation of terracotta male figurines, and the Bronze Age, the apogee time for this type of production. This thesis deals so with the study of terracotta male figurines (modeled figurines, molded figures and molds). The objective of this study is to make a corpus of terracotta male figurines, because there is no satisfactory body of work, to classify them, to analyze them technically, artistically, and to interpret them, and finally publishing the unpublished figures preserved in the Louvre Museum.The research problems are the following : the figurines were used as toys, as decorative elements in homes, or as amulets? Should they be related to religious customs or rites? How can one interpret the discovery of male figurines in temples? in tombs and houses, whatever thetechnique that has allowed them to spread, the general question is always the same : for what purpose did the craftsman or the user make them? The answers vary according to the chronology, since the subject covers a very long period. According to the places and archaeological contexts and of course depending on the typology, because male figures may have different positions (sitting/standing), different gestures, different types of clothing, attributes (especially weapons). Researchers have proposed a wide variety of choices, sometimes on a hypothetical basis, ethnographic comparisons, and reconciliation with literary, artistic or funerary traditions. Undoubtedly, whatever the role of these figurines, they were considered important objects in everyday life during the Neolithic period, such as pottery, stone tools and other "utilitarian" objects, and important objects, especially in religious and magical activities, during the Bronze Age
Trottier, Frédéric. « Les mondes de la techno à Detroit ». Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH183.
Texte intégralTechno is a music genre known by a part of Electronic music fans. However it exists a huge lack of context about it. In some French scientific books of those last fifteen years, you will find condescendingly musicological explanations or a sociological approach only linked to rave scenes in Europe. In an anthropological perspective, it is necessary to focus on local background which established the construction of this term surrounded by myths. So, you have to go to Detroit : land of "the origins" of techno where trajectories of electronic music winds between musics, locations, territories and multiple values. (Re)starting to a human and local point of view, this is being in contact with individuals and communities which show solidarity with techno music aspects. This is analyzing current events about Detroit techno through participating observation of young DJs ‘life. Also this is wondering how artists from 1980’s to today professionalized their career and how they impact on culture, arts, education and politics in Detroit. In this way, you see techno or technos’ worlds interacting, speeches developing and limits rising. It finally depicts a dynamic and clear picture of Detroit – we ignore
Bousson, Florent. « Les mondes de la guitare : pour une socio-anthropologie de l'" objet-guitare " ». Grenoble 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE29017.
Texte intégralBased on an ethnographic enquiry into certain guitar makers, guitarists, collectors and scientists, this thesis deals with an object – the guitar – from a sociological point of view. The author uses the term “object-guitar” in order to analyze the instrument's presence in processes and collective forces, regarding it as a link, a “common good”, a tool that shapes networks, institutions, practices and economic and symbolic exchanges. It is inspired by the notion of the world developed by H. S. Becker (The worlds of art, 1988) adding a metaphorical dimension to it. This notion allows the author to study the conventions that sustain agents or institutions' actions (luthiers, classic or jazz guitarists, acoustic laboratories, specialized magazines, recording studios etc. ) and the processes they employ whether it be to manufacture a guitar, to play it, to record it, to make commentaries on the quality of sound or the aesthetics, to be moved by listening to it or to sell it. The “state of nobility” of the guitar depends on the position and value that people give the object. Four worlds are described: “the world of luthiers”, “the world of guitarists”, “the world of love” and “the world of reality tests”. By means of various examples, the following aspects are analysed: 1. How the “object-guitar”, in the context of the world around it, participates in the emergence of a network of individuals who have their own culture related to the object; 2. The way that this network produces its own information; 3. How this information joins a body of knowledge available for the community – a “capital of knowledge” – making the instrument a “social creation”
Blossier-Jacquemot, Anne. « Les Oulipiens antiques : pour une anthropologie des pratiques d'écriture à contraintes dans l'antiquité ». Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070056.
Texte intégralThis thesis aims at reconstructing the enunciative contexts characteristic of constrained writing in the Antiquity. It is based on a corpus of works written by plagiarists by anticipation of the Oulipo from three periods: the Hellenistic period (Theocritus' Pipe, Simias of Rhodos' Egg, Wings, and Axe, as well as Dosiadas' Altar), the Imperial period (Vestinus' Altar and Leonides of Alexandria's isopsephic epigrams in Greek Anthology), and the late Antiquity (Ausonius' Cento nuptialis and Technopaegnion, Optatianus' Carmina, as well as Venantius Fortunatus' Carmina books II and V, 6a). The anthropological perspective sheds light on the cultural practices within which these works were embedded, works often despised and neglected by the critics, who perceived them as childish word games. The first part of this thesis deals with constrained writing in the context of literary games taking place in cultivated circles (Thoocritus, Simias, Dosiadas, Vestinus, Ausonius, and Leonides of Alexandria). In the second part, the relationship between mourning and constrained writing is examined while referring to the works of Optatianus, Ausonius, and Fortunatus : constraints seem to allow for a new discursive form, silent and following visual patterns, away from classical rhetoric and poetics. This journey through the literature of the Antiquity also leads us to reconsider the history of pattern poetry, which is traditionally thought to have started with the Alexandrian poets analyzed in the thesis: indeed, the evolution from poetry produced for oralization to pattern poetry in the modern sense might not have appeared before Optatianus, during the Christian period
Beneduce, Roberto. « Entre plusieurs mondes : acteurs, discours et pratiques de la possession en Afrique ». Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0044.
Texte intégralPreda, Colegiu Roxana Natalia. « Petru Dumitriu – Le drame de l’écrivain entre deux mondes ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0025.
Texte intégralThe current thesis is the story of a life, peaks and abysses, light and darkness, smiles and tears. The two complementary halves of life, a way of personal and unique expression, a creative force that goes beyond the limits, the indisputable literary talent, here are some keywords that perfectly characterize our author.The continual metamorphosis unpredictable manifested in his work and the secrets of his writing, both challenged and appreciated are only general tracks that we propose to develop throughout this research.The many recent publications show great interest that exists for a current and still unexhausted subject to a time that elicits a long string of questions, which continues to surprise. A topic of discussion still effervescent and passionate, which welcomes more and more participants willing to deliver mysteries of a heavy and dark time.Why "The drama of the writer between two worlds"? An apparently simple title for a truly complex issue. Probably because Petru Dumitriu is an atypical case; in contrast to those who prefer to live in silence their dramas, preserve their privacy at the maximum while sealed forever in the depths of their soul, Petru Dumitriu chooses aperture, total sincerity, the narrative assumed an experience that moves from the very first sentences
Caron, Florian. « Mondes musicaux et modernité : Sociologie et anthropologie de la pratique de la guitare en France ». Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431521.
Texte intégralKohlhagen, Dominik. « Diasporas africaines et mondes du droit : une anthropologie juridique d'une migration entre Douala et Berlin ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010353.
Texte intégralBased on an empirical rather than normative understanding ofwhat is "Iegal", this dissertation questions the way socially sanctioned actions and relations are defined amongst a group of Mrican migrants. By identifying the different worlds within which the migrants interact, it aims at showing the plurality of social rationalities at stake and the unpredictability of the processes involved when it cornes to understanding the legal phenomenon
Gaboriaud, Anna. « En quête des représentations antiques du corps féminin : les thérapies gynécologiques ». Rennes 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN20044.
Texte intégralHippocratic doctors are close to the woman's body, they describe it like no other man from the classical period has been able to do. Their interest in anatomy, physiology or in various pathologies are a key to reaching unequalled closeness to it. They even sometimes let us hear women's voices throughout the manifestation of the sicknesses, the worries and the practices, which are a testimony to the persistence in their writings of traditional procedures. Hippocratic doctors incarnate a fundamental intellectual path : the one of rational perspective in the comprehension of organic processes. Their biological observations, however, stop where the body and the skin begin. They imagine women's anatomy in a consensual way. The unwavering belief in the constitutive inferiority of everything female has distorted their theories. A woman's body is frailer, more unbalanced, its flesh is softer, looser, less resistant, moist. Their physiology is not only inferior but is even barely capable of sustaining itself. The conceptual inferiority which Greek culture links to the woman's body classifies it as a passage which direction sometimes changes : the passage taken by blood each month, the passage taken by the child which establishes its identity. It is a tool : malleable, easily influenced, hypersensitive, a condenser at the doctor's disposal. The major part of medical dissertation is taken up by testimonies to physical particularities. The sicknesses of the woman are then those of her sex, since it is the sex which defines the body. The medical line strengthens and asserts the oikos and the city's way of thinking : women are sick when they do not meet the expectations of their husbands and their community any more, when they wander from the normative path society imposes on them : they are sick of not bearing children. Remedies and therapies carry the cultural values associated with the representation of the ingredients they are based upon. The composition of medicine is a language intended for the woman's body where presuppositions and empiricism mingle. Gynaecological pharmacopoeia is the material expression of the mental representation Hippocratic doctors have of the woman's body. It also informs on actual therapeutic facts. Hippocratic medicine is not only made of representations and symbols but is also an active medicine which shapes the body as well as it conceptualises it
Grand, Simone. « Contribution à une anthropologie de la maladie à Tahiti : pour une médiation entre les mondes de soins et en ethnopsychiatrie ». Polynésie française, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POLF0002.
Texte intégralThe purpose is to realise a mediation between still remaining although illegal Polynesian ethno-medicine and scientific medicine. Precise definitions, question practices and places, elaborate hypothesis is what it has been done. Who is this Pacific Islander, formerly gods' descendant who became “primitive” of European and Asian people? Decline one's Polynesian or half-caste identity in claiming spirituality reveals some History wounds. This research has been directed by Professor Serge Dunis's laboratory Imago mundi, encouraged by George Devereux centre's (University of Paris VIII) ethnopsychiatry healing system and by the Pacific regional indigenous doctor's congress. A half-caste researcher studying his own society has to resolve the radical duality required by anthropology. In Tahiti, have been interviewed, 42 healers, 20 physicians and some patients. In Hawaii and New-Zealand, 5 healers in each country and some medical doctors have been met. Translate correctly words of illnesses, healers and practices conducts to the “ontological / functional” (Laplantine) model of Polynesian thought of illness. If the beneficial healing acts are ignored, the bad one's conduct to Justice Court, revealing amnesia, blanks of transmission and lack of a cultural Polynesian reference place. If culture can't heal, lack of culture can kill. Ethnopsychiatric consultation is a place where can be heard the suffering of antagonistic spiritualities and can be initiated a way to reconcile different origins. Preventive and healing Polynesian ethno-medicine needs to be considered with lucidity and serenity. This study opens research orientations in pharmacology, healing practices and medical anthropology. This, as the tahu'a Viri announced : “This work. . . Will have no end. ” Teie ohipa. . . Aite tana e hope'a
Bouillon, Florence. « Les mondes des squats : Productions d'un habitat illégal et compétences des citadins disqualifiés : le terrain marseillais ». Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0270.
Texte intégralThe thesis addresses the paradox of illegal forms of housing : squatting, in cities of the Western world. It starts with the analysis of public policies aimed at squatters, that are constantly hesistating between a welfare approach and plain repression. Squatting therefore emerges as a significant object in the study of the criminalization of poverty, as well as of the lilmits of the "right to housing". Yet, ethnographic study in Marseille shows that squatting can also be understood as a form of hospitality, offering a resource for mobility, privacy and urbanity ("citadinity"). The third part of the thesis attempts and reconcile these two leveles of reality, and proposes the notion of fragile ability. The thesis eventually calls for a necessarily combined attention to both domination processes, and resistance dynamics and creativity, when it comes to the analysis of marginalized worlds
Duez, Jean-Baptiste. « Les mondes alpins, les alpinistes et les guides : l'initiation européenne : Praxis, populations, constructions identitaires, genre et représentations ». Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0268.
Texte intégralMoreau, Yoann. « Catastrophes et mondes : disputes et trajectoires du sens des aléas majeurs ». Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0516.
Texte intégralThe word "catastrophe" refers to events that would be unequivocably harmful. Yet, this normative load correspoçnds only in part to the practical implications of events to which this term is applied. This shift reflects the pregnacy of a cultural form of catastrophism. The phenomena qualified as catastrophes appear as much more complex and ambivalent, so much so that they raise major social disputes and controversies. After a disaster, the legitimacy of the established paradigm of knowledge is challenged especially because its model for predicting and preventing has failed. This "critical period" allows us to observe which other paradigms of knowledge are present in the margins and "off screen" of the social field. The comparative analysis of different case studies (historical and ethnological) shows a divergence of interpretative paths but also brings to light the fundamental nature of the social dispute. Mobilizing two conceptual apparatuses - Augustin Berque's "mesology" and Philippe Descola's "grammar of cosmologies" - we propose interpretative categories (risk, constraint, resource, leisure) and explanatory classes (causes, motives, reasons, principles) that shape the dispute's framework. Then the dispute itself appears as an essential regulation of a "medial device"
Boutry, Maxime. « L’ archipel Mergui, croisée des mondes : dynamiques d’appropriation du territoire et expression identitaire des pêcheurs birmans ». Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0378.
Texte intégralThe recent developments of fishing industry in the Mergui Archipelago (Deep South of Burma) have leaded the Burmese to a new dynamic appropriation of the marine and insular environment with the colonization of the islands, in this frontier region between continental and insular Southeast Asia. Within the other villages, the Sisters islands community reveals the ins and outs of this dynamic, studied through the ethno-history, techniques and mythical space of the Burmese fishermen. These three domains show the manifest influences of multiple cultures in this cross-road region, which were totally adapted and syncretised into the fishermen practices. The community of the Sisters is a model of interactions between the Moken (sea nomads) and the Burmese who resolved the conflicts between the national needs of the Burmese appropriation of the archipelago, the cultural survival of the Moken and the rising identity of the Burmese fishermen based on a ���cultural exogamy”
Therme, Lisa. « Entre deux mondes : essai sur le rôle social de la musique dans le rituel de transe thérapeutique de la lila dans la confrérie des Hamadcha du Zerhoun (Maroc) ». Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0412.
Texte intégralThe Hamadcha's brotherhood, created in the 17th century by Sidi Ali Ben Hamdouch and Sidi Ahmed Dghoughi in the zerhoun mountain (Morocco), performs the lila, a trance ritual said to be therapeutic, in order to ally with the spirits. In spite of the feeble interest shown about music in anthropologic researches on possession, it seems that music conceals an important social part, rooting in the lila, that blossoms out in the Hamadcha's community
Têtu-Delage, Marie-Thérèse. « "Clandestins" au pays des papiers : une anthropologie des mondes et des circulations entre légal et illégal des migrations algériennes (1998-2004) ». Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20043.
Texte intégralThis thesis has for object analyses of languages, practices and distance covered by irregular "algerian" migrants to France in interaction with juridical procedures, established categories, adopted policies concerning them and their consequences. By an approach interactionnist and comprehensive, relations and interactions, between facts and laws, social realities and rights are explored, observed, described and analysed. This thesis defenses that irregular migrants expresse the aspiration to the "right to have rights". A Right which would recognize their capacity to act and to choose their life. That gives occasion to a "legal pluralism" that multiple actors negotiate in "social worlds" to the intersection and beyond the institutions officiality and procedures juridical State-Nation. Migratory circulations assert themselves so as "territories" of varieties versions interpenetrations and right-handed uses
Leblond, Chantal. « A la croisée de deux mondes. Les relations entre maître et disciples selon quatre témoins d'époque impériale : deux grecs, le biographe Diogène Laërce et le philosophe Epictète ; deux juifs, l'historien Flavius Josèphe et l'exégète Philon d'Alexandrie ». Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR2017/document.
Texte intégralIn our first part, we observe teaching in connection with pupil’s good disposition and training. Then we examine which prerequisites a disciple must fulfil in order to attend a master’s lecture, and, on the contrary, the way some masters adapt themselves to their audience. Thirdly, we remark that a harmonious relationship is difficult to establish : mutual confidence and benevolence are essential to success ; but some masters may dominate their disciples ; sometimes, bad masters even corrupt their pupils. Our fourth part tackles three peculiar bonds uniting some masters with their disciples : family ties ; love ; veneration that some ardent disciples feel towards their master. Lastly, we remind that teachers and disciples lived within a society ; consequently, we think about their relations to material possessions, to mighty personages, to politics, a finally, to death, inasmuch as it is not only a personal experience, but comes within a social context
Guyon, Django. « Sépultures et nécropoles crétoises aux époques hellénistique et impériale : documentation archéologique, anthropologie funéraire et perspectives sociologiques ». Rennes 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN20029.
Texte intégralThe purpose of this thesis is to study the Cretan necropolis and burials at the Hellenistic and Imperial periods. This thesis is divided in five sections. Each one analyse in depth the following topics. First comes the analysis of the funeral areas' topography and its relationship with the housing. The second chapter is focused on the analysis of the funeral structures, proposing in particular a typology of the monumental architecture. The third chapter deals with the composition and meaning of the funeral furniture. In the fourth chapter takes place the study of the funeral rituals. The last chapter proposes a study of the epitaphs in order to contribute to a socio-cultural identification of the dead bodies. A catalogue of the archaeological data about the burials and necropolis, an appendix dealing with the sarcophagi, and another dealing with the epitaphs, appear in separate volumes
Lanot, Simon. « Écrire la fin et la mémoire des mondes : une ethnocritique d’Atala, René, les aventures du dernier Abencerage ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0281.
Texte intégralThe question of the end of civilizations holds a major place in Chateaubriand's work. His novels, Atala, René and The Last Abencerage, written during the Revolution and the Empire, evoke, through the figure of “the last”, the end of the indigenous societies of America, Muslim Andalusia, Louis XIV's France, the end of the Jesuit communities, of the French provinces and traditional Scotland. Drawing on the work of Vincent Descombes, we analyse how fictional writing transforms these disappeared societies into “worlds”, into coherent universes structured by a system of values, their own rhetoric and cosmology. The plot is developed on a historical “gap” (H. Arendt, F. Hartog), in an inter-world : this rift between two worlds, this border space-time, is not only the framework of the fiction, it is also its subject. Writing does not aim to reconstitute lost worlds but to represent the passage from one world to another, or a double passage : that of the reader to the worlds to which the text initiates him, and that of the old world to the new world. The many descriptions of rites (shamanic, Islamic, Christian) can be read as keys to understanding these passages. By exploring the hypothesis formulated by the ethnocriticsm of a possible homology between rite and narrative, we will study the rite dimension of this writing that reconfigures lost worlds. These worlds are developed through writing in three ways: utopia, the golden age, and what we call, using Daniel Fabre's words, "the land of time". The notion of “negative truth” (Lévi-Strauss) encourages us to read utopia as a criticism of the colonial enterprise. The “political myth” of golden age (R. Girardet) reads Andalusia as a myth on the despotic drift of all regimes. The “land of time” includes all those worlds in which the perception of time obeys a logic other than that of modernity: so the narrative integrates the logic of oral cultures to perceive and inhabit the world in a different way. Three ways to write the modern world, but in “counterpoint” (Edward Said). The writing of the memory of the worlds requires a mixed writing that integrates diverse cultural logics
Lefebvre, Benoît. « Combattre de loin chez les Romains et leurs adversaires : des réalités du combat aux représentations culturelles (Ier siècle av. J.-C. - IIIe siècle apr. J.-C.) ». Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30014.
Texte intégralIt’s a commonplace to say that Romans valued hand-to-hand fighting and despised long range fighting. However, throwing weapons (arrows, slingshots, javelins, hand-thrown stones), played a key role in Ancient warfare.Military history has been interesting in other topics for several decades : fighting bodies, combat experience and relationships between war and culture. This interest raises numerous questions and opens new fields of research. That’s why we apply theses topics to a study of throwing weapons in ancient warfare in Roman times (1st century BC - AD 3rd century).However, Romans fought different enemies with long range weapons in several circumstances and more frequently than we usually thought. Roman armies’ power was partially based on their ability of borrowing tactics and weapons from different peoples. This progressive integration led to an evolution of the Roman art of war and the Roman discourses on it.Our analysis partially focuses on a cultural approach to the history of warfare and relationships between military practices and cultural representations. To some extent, representations could affect military practices (for example, tactics and fighting ways) but the opposite was true. Studying these relationships helps us to understand all the complexity of Roman warfare.These researchs aim at challenging some common misconceptions. Firstly, the ‘face’ of Roman battle, weapons and equipment of units and soldiers were far more varied than we thought. Sources prove especially that the use of throwing weapons during our period spreads among Roman armies. Secondly, the representations Romans had of these weapons and their users are not limited to a negative discourse borrowed from the Greeks. Indeed, Romans many times valued throwing weapons, and bowmen, slingers and javelin throwers could find their place in Roman warfare and more generally in Ancient warfare
Oh, Woong-Sung. « Du p'ungryu aux jardins : le jardin coréen à la lumière du concept du p'ungryu (aboutissement sentimental) : évolution, de l'antiquité à l'époque de Chosôn : et analyde des jardins antiques, des origines au Grand Silla (VIIe-Xe siècle) ». Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0030.
Texte intégralDe, Haas Anaïs. « Tenir les mondes à distance : sémiotique de la "découverte", à partir des journaux des marins de la circumnavigation de Bougainville (1766-1769) ». Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH192.
Texte intégralBetween 1766 and 1769, on the Étoile and the Boudeuse, more than three hundred men – and one woman dressed up as a man – sailed around the world. It was one of the first « discovery voyages ». Six of the sailors held logbooks. This thesis offers a study of these logbooks, in order to analyse the discursive processes at work in the descriptions and narrations of the first contacts between the sailors and the people they had met during their stopovers. I begin with a study of the narratives of the stopovers in the Strait of Magellan, and continue with the narratives of the stopover at Tahiti. There, Tahitian men and women welcomed the sailors in a particular way : they offered them food and drink in abundance, invited them into their houses, and suggested to the sailors that they were expected to make love with Tahitian women… The irruption of women and bodies at the foreground of the encounter disrupts the navigators, disrupts their narratives and allows for a better understanding of certain aspects of the « discovering » project – thanks to this disorder, thanks to these intrusions that disrupt the scientific programm. I also analyse the interpretations of theses narratives of the stopover at Tahiti, from the savants of the 18th century until the anthropologists of the 21 century
Mulet, Pascal. « Exploiter les territoires, maîtriser l'espace : économies de montagne dans le Haut-Atlas marocain ». Thesis, Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSU0029.
Texte intégralAt the junction of economic ethnography, anthropology of kinship and rural studies, this thesis focuses on how different economic spheres interlace within the framework of poly-activity, and examines how the economic practices are spatially inscribed within the agrarian mountainous environment of the Moroccan High Atlas. In so doing, I tackle processes of space structuring and social categorization of places and people by drawing on the phenomenological concept of world within reach. Based on a two years ethnographic study carried out in a village as well as within migration networks and with tourists and ''international solidarity '' project leaders, my dissertation scrutinizes both economic practices as situations in which people engage, and social groups formation as they take place in the context of actual practices. In this perspective, in which the household economy constitutes the setting of various productive activities – agro-pastoralism holding an essential place among them – the study of economic practices meets the analysis of pratical kinship by considering, for instance, the organization of domestic groups or the circulation of heritage and statuses within the lineages. Beside these productions, exchanges and consumptions made on a local basis, I was able to observe economic practices which take place in wider spaces such as : the consumer and labor markets that geographical mobility allows access to ; the tourism economy which bind together natives an foreigners ; or the economy related to the humanitarian field through which the village becomes the center of a transnational social scene. The analysis of these practices, their interweaving, and the links so established, allow me to inquire into the logics of the structuring of the world as it is experienced and into the ways the world within reach takes form
Burcea, Horatiu. « Les fins du voyage : espace, rhétorique et identité chez Peter Fleming ». Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040172.
Texte intégralThe ends of travel in Peter Fleming’s works are seen as declines, lines of rupture, outcomes, driving principles and goals. Three paths are explored to understand these ends. The first postulates an anaesthetic intention on the part of the author: the purpose of denying his aesthetic experience and at the same time of seeking extreme sensation as an anesthetic, as palliation, reproduction and transfer of traumatic experience. The second focuses on his use of rhetorical art to reproduce and, at the same time, to play with the conventions and expectations of the reader. His use of reverse psychology allows the creation of a broad spectrum of interpretations and the projection of his identity in a protean manner. Finally, the third aims at analyzing the dunamic aspects of his narratives – a neologism referring to the sphere of potentiality. This model allows the literary and anthropological analysis of the potential alternatives contemplated, suggested and narrated by the author, one that is meant to complement the study of his actual itineraries and discourses. Authorial identity is defined in this context as an intermediate, trans-world and heterotopic space which lies between what is and everything that could be
Granier, Gaëlle. « Approche archéo-anthropologique des ensembles funéraires de l'antiquité tardive. : l'exemple des sites urbains de Vienne et Arles (IIIème - VIème siècles) ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20655.
Texte intégralLong thought of as a time of social upheaval, Late Antiquity seems rather to have been a period of wide-ranging social change encompassing a mixture of influences that pose many problems for study of the period. These multiple influences affect funeral treatments of the period and studying them requires consideration of multiple lines of evidence: historical, archaeological, anthropological, and biological. We chose this multidisciplinary approach in the study of urban and peri-urban burial sites of the antic cities of Vienne and Arles from the 3rd century to the 6th century A.D.Our study protocol allows us to observe the biological characteristics of samples simultaneously to taphonomic data, spatial organization within and between sites, but also topography data or historical archives. This innovative approach, implementing original methodological tools, is relevant. It highlighted the changes in the management and the representation of the dead and Death in Late Antiquity. The burial sites show very different profiles depending on the time period and we can see specificities in the necropolis of the 4th century,” intermediate” structures where many practices of the High Empire are still used, before the establishment of new Christian structures in different places of the city, which have moved again the necropolises locations
Escobar, Cecillia-Luca. « Approche anthropologique de la présence du don contemporain dans deux expériences locales d'échange alternatif : les foires de multi-troc colombiennes et les Systèmes d'Echange Local français ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210341.
Texte intégralL’enquête porte sur un échange de biens, parallèle à l’échange marchand et localement accompli dans le contexte d’un monde globalisé, perspective qui inscrit la recherche dans le champ de l’anthropologie économique des mondes contemporains.
Le phénomène de la mondialisation, associé au progrès des techniques de communication, permettant d’observer des procédés analogues, engendrés par des causes communes dans différentes parties du monde, le terrain, tel que défini ci-dessus, fut réalisé sur deux sites socio-culturellement différents puisque implantés en Colombie pour l’un, et en France, pour l’autre. Ces deux sites furent traités comme un seul terrain multi-local dont le croisement des données recueillies a enrichi l’analyse.
Avant de passer à la partie descriptive des ethnographies réalisées, le travail évoque des théories et des expériences antérieures qui ont permis de reconnaître la différence entre les expérimentations monétaires et les systèmes d’échange multilatéral ou dispositifs comptables centralisés employant une unité de compte pour faciliter les échanges. La production et la consommation sont stimulées par un type de monnaie qui joue un rôle complémentaire à la devise officielle et permet des transactions multilatérales.
Devant la diversité des systèmes alternatifs à l’échange marchand, un choix s’imposait pour déterminer ceux qui seraient l’objet de l’enquête de terrain. Les initiatives sélectionnées pour une observation directe furent les foires de multi-troc colombiennes et les systèmes d’échange local (SEL) français.
Les deux monographies décrivent le déroulement des investigations en Colombie et en France, ainsi que les constats qui s’imposèrent à leur issue.
Il apparaît qu’au-delà de la raison économique d’échanger biens et services sans se soumettre à l’usage de l’argent comme fin en soi, les adhérents à ces expériences de micro-économie y trouvent un milieu propice à cultiver de nouvelles relations sociales. Les raisons de participer sont multiples mais s’alignent souvent sur des valeurs communes telles que la confiance, l’entraide, le respect de l’autre, la tolérance ou la solidarité, autant de logiques qui font de ces groupements, des espaces de création de liens sociaux favorables à l’émergence du don moderne. Tel qu’il a été développé et actualisé par Jacques T. Godbout, Alain Caillé et les exposants du Mouvement Anti-Utilitariste dans les Sciences Sociales –M.A.U.S.S.- ./ABSTRACT
The main objective of this thesis is the analysis of configurations of the social link emerging within alternate systems of local exchange, in order to find traces of the “maussian gift”.
The investigation covers the exchange of property which is parallel to trade exchange and is locally accomplished in the context of a global world, a perspective which integrates our research within the field of economic anthropology of contemporary worlds.
The phenomenon of the globalization, coupled with advances in communication technology, allows us to observe similar processes around the world, engendered by common causes. The fieldwork, as mentioned above, was realized on two socio - culturally different sites, one in Colombia, the other one in France. These two sites were treated as a single multi-local fieldwork, and their combined information enriched our analysis.
Before proceeding to the descriptive part of the conducted ethnographic research, the document evokes theories and previous experiences which allowed us to recognize the difference between monetary experiments and multilateral trading systems or devices using a centralized accounting unit to facilitate the exchanges. The production and the consumption are stimulated by a type of exchange that is complementary to the official currency and allows multilateral transactions.
Considering the variety of alternative systems in the exchange market, a choice was necessary to determine, who would be the object of the fieldwork. The initiatives selected for direct observation were the Colombian multi-barter fairs and the French systems of local exchange (SEL).
Both monographs describe the progress of investigations in Colombia and in France, as well as the resulting reports.
It seems that, apart from the economic reason for exchanging goods and services without being subject to the use of money, which is an end in itself, those who take part in such experiences of microeconomics find a convenient environment to cultivate new social relationships.
The reasons for participating are numerous, but often aligned on common values such as trust, mutual aid, respect for the others, tolerance or solidarity, which all contribute to transform these gatherings into spaces mean to create social links favourable to the emergence of the modern gift. This theory was developed and updated by Jacques T. Godbout, Alain Caillé and the members of the Anti-Utilitarian Movement in Social Science -M.A.U.S.S.-.
Doctorat en sciences sociales, Orientation anthropologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
N'Djambara, Mahamondou. « Que veut dire richesse ? Du Travail, de l'Argent, du Don et du Vivre Ensemble à Bokokopé (Togo). Une analyse des politiques et pratiques de développement à partir des institutions ». Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01010978.
Texte intégralBernardi, Jeremy. « L’armement, la figure du combattant et le combat dans les peintures funéraires pariétales et vasculaires de Campanie et de Lucanie (fin Ve – début du IIIe siècle avant J.-C.) ». Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0173.
Texte intégralThis thesis investigates the weapons and combatants depicted in the vascular and parietal funerary paintings of Campania and Lucania, whose production began in the second half of the fifth century and died out at the beginning of the third century BC. We intend to show that we can identify a particular military ideology visible through the paintings, which is situated at the confluence of the religious (eschatological), military and social spheres. The individual military exploit is celebrated through the composition called the "Return of the Warrior", depicting a horseman bringing back the spoils (spolia) of his defeated enemy, a key element allowing the deceased combatant to attain immortality. We will also see that the fighting techniques are focused on dueling. Single combat is the most likely to allow the victor to seize the spoils of his defeated opponent. The specifics of the battle as it is represented is characteristic of archaic warfare, which differs in substance from modern warfare. The paintings studied thus reveal a particular structure of the battle, characteristic of archaic warfare, which differs in substance from modern warfare. We will also be able to confirm the military, social and institutional upheavals known from ancient sources that took place in central and southern Italy during the last third of the fourth century, such as the Roman-Campanian rapprochement, the reform of Appius Claudius and the Samnite wars
Elias, Nada. « Pratiques funéraires et identités biologiques à Berytus et à Botrys à l'époque romaine (Liban, Ier siècle av. J.-C. - IVème siècle apr. J.-C.) ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0070/document.
Texte intégralDuring the first century B.C., with the rise of the Roman Empire, the Levant became the scene of cosmopolitanism where many heteroclite cultures would coexist. The new cosmopolitan society had Rome as its capital (Caput Mundi), and roads drawn up by the army linking the rest of the empire to its capital. Recent rescue excavations (since 2005) in Berytus (Beirut) and Botrys (Batroun) have revealed a considerable amount of unpublished data on populations who lived in the region during the four centuries of the Roman Empire until the early centuries of Christianity. Following an archaeo-anthropological approach, this thesis presents an assessment of eight funerary sites (n= 290) from the cities of Colonia Julia Augusta Felix Berytus and Botrys. Significantly, Botrys, unlike Berytus, did not have the status of a Roman colony. This research seeks to contribute to the history of these two cities. The purpose is to understand the populations of the past through the study of the skeletons, rituals and funerary practices as well as the organisation of funerary spaces. This study primarily reveals a cultural and biological cosmopolitanism illustrated by variability in funerary practices and in biological characteristics. These results suggest that at least two different groups or more coexisted in the Colonia Julia Augusta Felix Berytus. On the contrary, the biocultural data of Botrys skeletons reveal a less cosmopolitan city with less diversity shown on different anthropological and cultural levels. Indeed, the similarity of funerary practices, body treatments, grave goods and the organisation of the funerary space and biological homogeneity are indisputable in Botrys. Comparative analysis between Berytus and Botrys highlighted an existing biological heterogeneity at different scales between individuals of both cities. However, this diversity is contradicted by the homogeneity of the females of both cities during the 2th and the 4th century A. D
أصبح المشرق خلال القرن الاول قبل الميلاد، مع صعود الامبراطورية الرومانية، مسرحاً عالمياً تتفاعل فيه ثقافات مختلفة. ثقافات لطالما ميزت المشرق بسبب الغزوات واختلاط الشعوب منذ العصر الحجري الحديث. النظام العالمي الجديد جعل روما "عاصمة العالم" أو كما يقال باللاتينية Caput Mundi وبذلك رسم الجيش الروماني الطرق الى مختلف أصقاع الامبراطورية لتؤدي الى روما. كشفت الحفريات الوقائية و الإنقاذية الأخيرة في بيروت والبترون عن معطيات جديدة تخص الشعوب التي عاشت في المنطقة خلال القرون الأربعة من الإمبراطورية الرومانية وحتى بدايات المسيحية. تقدم رسالة الدكتوراه هذه دراسة عن الإنسان وعلاقاته مع الموت. وباتباع منهج أثري-أنثروبولوجي ستقدم تقييماً لثمان مواقع مدفنية في كولونيا جوليا أوغوستا فيليكس بيريتوس Colonia Julia Augusta Felix Berytus ومدينة البترون (ع=٢٩٠ ) والتي على عكس بيريتوس )بيروت) لم تحمل صفة مستوطنة رومانية .تقدم هذه الدراسة في المقام الأول الاطار الثقافي والبيولوجي والمشروحين بتعدد الطقوس المدفنية والاختلاف البيولوجي لمجموعتين او اكثر من المجموعات التي تعيش في كولونيا جوليا أوغوستا فيليكس بيريتوس. في المقابل المعطيات البيولوجية الثقافية في البترون تدل على أنها مدينة أقل تنوعاً ولا تحوي تنوعات انثروبولوجية وثقافية كبيرة. لذلك فإن التطابق في طرق الدفن وتحضير الموتى وأمكنة الدفن والتجانس البيولوجي هي مسائل لاجدال فيها بالنسبة للبترون. وبالمقارنة مابين بيروت والبترون من الواضح عدم التجانس البيولوجي الموجود على أكثر من صعيد فيما بين سكان المدينتين.ولكن هذا التباين مابين المدينتين مخترق من قبل تشابه الإناث في كلا المدينتين من القرن الثاني الى القرن الرابع ميلادي