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1
Johnson, Brent, Colin Madrid, Kevin Yiin, Hanwen Wang, Chengxi Li et Xizhi Tan. « 3D Printed Antennas for Wireless Communication ». International Foundation for Telemetering, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/596460.
Texte intégralRésumé :
ITC/USA 2015 Conference Proceedings / The Fifty-First Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 26-29, 2015 / Bally's Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NVThis paper describes the details of design and critical analysis of the process of 3D printing antennas for wireless communications applications. The subjective testing methods utilized were chosen specifically based on project scope and researcher capability. Our results indicate that more work is necessary in this field but that the basic idea is feasible.
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Thorell, Alexander, et Jonas Cederberg. « Designing a Hyperbolic Lens Antenna using 3D Printing Technology ». Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-293894.
Texte intégralRésumé :
To increase capacity, lower latency, and boostdata rates, new higher gain antennas that can transmitmillimeter-waves are needed. Dielectric lens antennas arean attractive potential solution. The J1-project investigatedthe permittivity and losses of four 3D printing filamentsin four frequency bands, to better design a hyperboliclens antenna in the Ka-band with a WR-28 StandardGain Horn Antenna acting as a feed. To measure thedielectric filaments, the TRL calibration method wasevaluated in simulation and employed in measurementstogether with the NRW method for permittivity extraction.Shortcomings of these methods near resonant frequencieswere marginally analyzed in simulation, and the results ofthe processed measured permittivities were shown to havesignificant uncertainty in the loss tangent. Nevertheless thedatasheet specified<(r) =3 was shown to have meanrelative permittivity∗r= 3.53−0.13jin the Ka-band.Using the measurement data, a hyperbolic lens antennawas designed and optimized in simulation for the centerfrequency of the Ka-band at 33.25 GHz. The simulatedresults show an aperture efficiency of 36.2% and a gainof 30.4 dBi.För att öka kapaciteten, sänka för- dröjningen samt höja datahastigheterna så behövs högre förstärkta antenner som kan transmittera millimetervågor. Här är dielektriska linsantenner en attraktiv, potentiell lösning. J1-projektet undersökte permittiviteten och förlusterna av fyra 3D-utskriftsfilament i fyra frekvensband, för att bättre designa en hyperbolisk linsantenn i Ka- bandet för en matande WR-28 “Standard Gain Horn Antenna”. För att kunna mäta de dielektriska filamenten så var TRL-kalibreringsmetoden utvärderad i simulering och nyttjad vid mätning tillsammans med NRW-metoden för att betsämma permittiviteten. Nackdelarna bakom dessa metoder nära resonanta frekvenser var marginellt analyserade i simulering och resultaten av de behandlade, mätta permittiviteterna visade sig ha märkbara osäker- heter i deras förlusttangens. Oavsett så blev medelvärdet på det uppmätta resultatet; av det databladsspecificerade materialet R (∈r) = 3; ∈*r = 3,53 -0,13j i Ka-bandet. Med hjälp av databladsspecifikationerna, så designades samt optimiserades en hyperbolisk linsantenn i simulering för Ka-bandets mittfrekvens på 33,25 GHz. De simulerade resultaten visar på en apertureffektivitet på 36,2% och en förstärkning på 30,4 dBi.
Kandidatexjobb i elektroteknik 2020, KTH, Stockholm
3
Wu, Junqiang. « ANTENNA RADIATION PATTERN CONTROL BASED ON 3D PRINTED DESIGN ». International Foundation for Telemetering, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624254.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dielectric materials have been applied in modifying the antenna radiation pattern, but it is
usually limited to single-beam applications. The goal of this paper is to present a novel
methodology to control the antenna radiation pattern based on 3D printing technology. 3D
printing enables arbitrary dielectric distribution at different locations. As a result, different
radiation patterns can be realized by loading an optimized dielectric material with varied
permittivity. In this work, we propose a design of a quarter-wavelength monopole antenna
surrounded by a low-profile 3D-printed polymer structure with an optimized dielectric
distribution. Unlike the conventional omnidirectional pattern of the monopole antenna, singlebeam
and multiple-beam patterns are achieved using genetic algorithm (GA) optimization.
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Wu, Junqiang, Ahmed H. Abdelrahman, Xiaoju Yu et Min Liang. « ANTENNA RADIATION PATTERN CONTROL BASED ON 3D PRINTED DESIGN ». International Foundation for Telemetering, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624266.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dielectric materials have been applied in modifying the antenna radiation pattern, but it is
usually limited to single-beam applications. The goal of this paper is to present a novel
methodology to control the antenna radiation pattern based on 3D printing technology. 3D
printing enables arbitrary dielectric distribution at different locations. As a result, different
radiation patterns can be realized by loading an optimized dielectric material with varied
permittivity. In this work, we propose a design of a quarter-wavelength monopole antenna
surrounded by a low-profile 3D-printed polymer structure with an optimized dielectric
distribution. Unlike the conventional omnidirectional pattern of the monopole antenna, singlebeam
and multiple-beam patterns are achieved using genetic algorithm (GA) optimization.
5
Phan, Hong Phuong. « Conception d'antennes 2D et 3D sur des matériaux flexibles ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT106/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le travail de thèse a été réalisée dans le cadre du projet ANR «Stick’It» visant à développer de nouvelles technologies peu coûteuses et innovantes dédiées à la conception de composants radiofréquences (RF) 2D, 2,5D et 3D, notamment des antennes imprimées sur des matériaux conformes. Les applications ciblées sont principalement des appareils de réseaux domestique, tels que les décodeurs, dont les formes et les dimensions sont très variées. Par conséquent, il est nécessaire de concevoir des antennes sur des substrats souples.Selon nos besoins pour un matériau de substrat flexible, peu coûteux, avec de bonnes propriétés RF, la capacité de recyclage et en particulier la capacité à fabriquer des structures 3D, après avoir étudié différents matériaux diélectriques pour l’électronique flexible, le papier s'est trouvé le plus adapté.Les travaux de cette thèse se sont déroulés en trois phases.Dans la première phase, c'était l'étude des méthodes de caractérisation des matériaux pour obtenir leurs propriétés électromagnétiques. Après l'analyse, la méthode de perturbation utilisant une cavité cylindrique a été choisie pour la caractérisation du papier. Les premiers résultats de ce processus ont été vérifiés en réalisant et en testant des antennes simples telles que des monopoles alimentés par CPW sur du papier et du PET. Ensuite, la mesure du papier E4D a été effectuée avec 50 échantillons découpés dans différentes feuilles de papier E4D de trois épaisseurs différentes, 104 m, 210 m et 387 m. Les résultats ont été analysés statistiquement et ont donné r = 3.184, tan = 0.092. Les dispersions des résultats mesurés à 2,5 GHz sont 0.25% pour r et 0.26% pour tan. Ces résultats ont été utilisés pour la phase suivante.Au cours de la deuxième phase, les antennes différentes ont été conçues sur le papier E4D d'épaisseur 0,104 mm et 0,21 mm, notamment des IFA, des antennes SIW et des antennes monopoles alimentées par une ligne microruban. Les prototypes ont été réalisés à l'aide d'une technique de sérigraphie et testés pour déterminer les propriétés de l'adaptation et les diagrammes de rayonnement.Dans la troisième phase, les antennes proposées ont été étudiées dans des conditions d'emballage réalistes, où un boîtier décodeur était en plastique ABS avec différentes dimensions. Le premier cas concernait deux antennes MIMO placées orthogonalement dans des boîtiers ABS différents, avec un espace suffisant pour que les deux puissent rester plats. Le second cas était une boîte à hauteur limitée, de sorte qu’au moins une des antennes doit être pliée.Ainsi, une étude de l'effet de flexion a été réalisée, tout d'abord avec un simple dipôle droit et un monopole droit sur le papier E4D, puis avec une antenne à large bande proposée dans la seconde phase. L’étude a montré que la flexion n’affecte pas beaucoup l’adaptation de l’antenne sur une large bande de fréquences. Cependant, ses diagrammes de rayonnement tournent dans le plan E avec un angle de rotation dépendant de la position de pliage et de l'angle de flexion.Ensuite, le système MIMO de deux antennes placé orthogonalement dans un boîtier ABS de hauteur limitée, de sorte qu’une antenne doit être pliée et une autre reste plate. Dans tous les cas de système d'antenne MIMO, nous avons obtenu une bonne isolation (> 20 dB) et un coefficient de corrélation (ECC) inférieur à 0,05The thesis was carried out within the ANR project « Stick’It » that aimed at developing new, low-cost and innovative technologies devoted to the design of 2D, 2,5D and 3D radiofrequency (RF) components including antennas printed on conformable materials. The targeted applications are primarily home-networking devices such as set-top boxes where their forms and dimensions are widely varied. Therefore, it is necessary to design antennas on flexible substrates.According to our needs for a substrate material that is flexible, low cost, with good RF properties, recycling ability, and especially ability to make 3D structures, after considering various dielectric materials for flexible electronics, paper substrate appeared to be the most suitable for our purpose.The work of this thesis conducted in three phases.In the first phase, it was the study of methods for characterization of materials to obtain their electromagnetic properties. After analysis, the method of perturbation using a cylindrical cavity was chosen for characterization of paper. The first results of this process were verified by realization and testing of simple antennas such as CPW-fed monopoles on paper and PET. Then, the measurement of E4D paper substrate was performed with 50 samples cut from various E4D paper sheets of three different thicknesses, 104 m, 210 m and 387 m. The results were analyzed statistically and gave r = 3.184, tan = 0.092.The dispersions of the results measured at 2.5 GHz are 0.25% for r and 0.26% for tan. These results were used for the next phase.In the second phase, different antennas were designed on 0.104-mm and 0.21-mm thick E4D paper including IFAs, SIW cavity-back antenna and microstrip-fed wideband monopole antennas. The prototypes were realized using screen printing technique and tested for matching property and radiation patterns.In the third phase the proposed antennas were studied in realistic package conditions, where a set-top box was made of ABS plastic with different dimensions. The first case was with two MIMO antennas orthogonally located in different ABS boxes with sufficient space, so that both of them can remain flat. The second case was a box with a restricted height, so that at least one of the antennas needs to be bent.Thus, a study of bending effect was carried out, first of all, with a simple straight dipole and a straight monopole on E4D paper, then with a wideband antenna proposed in the second phase. The study showed, that bending does not much affect the matching of the antenna over a wide frequency band. However, its radiation patterns rotate in the E-plane with a rotation angle depending on the bending location and bending angle.Then, the MIMO system of two antennas placed orthogonally in an ABS box with restricted height so that one antenna needed to be bent and another remained flat. In all cases of MIMO antenna system, we obtained good isolation (>20 dB) and Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) less than 0.05
6
Dvořák, Václav. « 3D tištěná směrová anténa ». Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400534.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This master thesis deals with a study of directional antennas, followed by their design and optimalization of horn antenna based on SIW for Ka band (26,5- 40 GHz). The first part of the thesis contains the theoretical analysis of the different types of directional antennas, also the SIW technology is described here. It also describes the 3D printing technology by means of which the final antenna should be made. The next part of this work is about design of horn antenna based on SIW. Simulation and optimization of the antenna will be done using the CST Microwave Studio. The final part of the thesis deals with evaluation of achieved results.
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LIU, BOSUI. « VERTICALLY INTERCONNECTED WIDE-BANDWIDTH MONOLITHIC PLANAR ANTENNAS FOR 3D-IC ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1040154281.
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Abdesalam, Mosa Aboabdalla. « Non-Uniform 3D Antenna Array Optimal Configuration via Extremum Seeking Control ». University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1480723557369506.
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Maritz, Andries Johannes Nicolaas. « Investigation and design of a slotted waveguide antenna with low 3D sidelobes ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4161.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An investigation into the cause of undesired sidelobes in the 3D radiation pattern of slotted waveguide arrays is conducted. It is hypothesized that the cross-polarization of the antenna is at fault, along with the possibility that an error is made when designing a linear array. In investigating and finding a solution to the problem, the “Z-slot ” is introduced in conjunction with polarizer plates. The base components are used by a custom optimization algorithm to design reference and solution antennas. Results of the antennas are then compared to ascertain the cause and possible solutions for the unwanted sidelobes. The generic nature of the process may be used to characterize other arbitrary aperture configurations and to design larger antennas.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ‘n Ondersoek om die oorsaak van ongewensde sylobbe in die 3D uitstraalpatroon van golfleier-antennas vas te stel. Die hipotese is dat die probleem ontstaan uit die kruis-polarisasie van die antenna, tesame met ‘n verkeerdelikke aanname dat die opstelling liniêr is. Die “Z-Gleuf” tesame met polariseringsplate word voorgestel as hulpmiddel om die moontlikke oorsake te ondersoek. ‘n Gespesialiseerde optime erings-algoritme benut hierdie basiskomponente om beide verwysings- en oplossing-antennas te ontwerp. Resultate van die ontwerpde antennas word dan vergelyk om die oorsaak van die ongewensde sylobbe te vas te stel. Die generiese aard van die proses kan toegepas word op enige gleuf-konfigurasie en om groter antennas mee te ontwerp.
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Hossain, Mohammad Ababil. « Beam Steerable Reconfigurable Antenna with Smart RF Switching on 3D Parasitic Level ». DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5483.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Traditional antennas have a lot of limitations as their performance is usually fixed by their initial geometry. On the other hand, modern communication systems are getting way to complicated compared to their earlier counterparts. This necessitates some special types of smart or reconfigurable antennas, which can dynamically adapt to the requirements of the communication systems more effectively. Using conventional single functional antennas is therefore not an efficient approach in these sort of communication systems. Considering all these factors, in this thesis, a beam steerable reconfigurable antenna system is presented that can yield the radiation patterns of multiple antennas with a single structure, necessary for 5G communication. This antenna system occupies comparatively much smaller space and can provide highly directive gain at different directions. It is expected that- in near future, further improvements of this type of antenna system can be performed to pave the way for some additional necessary functions required in modern communication systems.
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WANG, YU ALBERT. « RF MEMS SWITCHES AND PHASE SHIFTERS FOR 3D MMIC PHASED ARRAY ANTENNA SYSTEMS ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1022186207.
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Pavlenko, Tatiana [Verfasser]. « Design and Optimization of Sparse Antenna Arrays for 3D Wireless Positioning Systems / Tatiana Pavlenko ». München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1202168906/34.
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Jang, Dhong Woon. « A 3D LINK ANALYSIS AND SELECTION OF A RECEIVE ANTENNA ANGLE IN TELEMETRY SYSTEMS ». International Foundation for Telemetering, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606362.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 21, 2002 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, CaliforniaA three dimension (3D) link analysis is performed considering multipath effects caused by a reflected signal and the difference angle between the antenna bore-sight and Line-Of-Sight (LOS). In addition, a direction of a receive antenna is determined for a receiver to get maximum signal strength in a telemetry situation. For a fixed receive antenna, the angle is determined to maximize the average Carrier to Noise Ratio (CNR) over the interested part of a trajectory. For a tracking antenna, the angle at every position is selected to give maximum CNR or to direct the boresight to the flying projectile.
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Xu, Cheng. « Enhancement and performance analysis for 3D beamforming systems ». Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16630.
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This thesis is about the researching for 5th generation (5G) communication system, which focus on the improvement of 3D beamforming technology in the antenna array using in the Full Dimension Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (FD-MIMO) system and Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) system. When the 3D beamforming technology has been used in 5G communication system, the beam needs a weighting matrix to direct the beam to cover the UEs, but some compromises should be considered. If the narrow beams are used to transmit signals, then more energy is focused in the desired direction, but this has a restricted coverage area to a single or few User Equipments (UEs). If the BS covers multiple UEs, then multiple beams need to be steered towards more groups of UEs, but there is more interference between these beams from their side lobes when they are transmitted at same time. These challenges are waiting to be solved, which are about interference between each beam when the 3D beamforming technology is used. Therefore, there needs to be one method to decrease the generated interference between each beam through directing the side lobe beams and nulls to minimize interference in the 3D beamforming system. Simultaneously, energy needs to be directed towards the desired direction. If it has been decided that one beam should covera cluster of UEs, then there will be a range of received Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) depending on the location of the UEs relative to the direction of the main beam. If the beam is directed towards a group of UEs then there needs be a clustering method to cluster the UEs. In order to cover multiple UEs, an improved K-means clustering algorithm is used to cluster the multiple UEs into different groups, which is based on the cosine distance. Itcan decrease the number of beams when multiple UEs need be covered by multiple beams at same time. Moreover, a new method has been developed to calculate the weighting matrix for beamforming. It can adjust the values of weighting matrix according to the UEs' location and direct the main beam in a desired direction whilst minimizing its side lobes in other undesired directions. Then the minimum side lobe beamforming system only needs to know the UEs' location and can be used to estimate the Channel State Information (CSI) of UEs. Therefore, the scheme also shows lower complexity when compared to the beamforming methods with pre-coding. In order to test the improved K-means clustering algorithm and the new weighting method that can enhance the performance for 3D beamforming system, the two simulation systems are simulated to show the results such as 3D beamforming LTE system and mm-wave system.
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Cosker, Mathieu. « Conception d'antennes à base de métal liquide pour applications multiples ». Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4145/document.
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Aujourd’hui l’électronique fait partie intégrante de nos vies. En effet, de plus en plus d’objets intègrent de l’électronique permettant de les connecter, on appelle cela l’internet des objets (IoT). Tous ces dispositifs disposent d’une connectivité sans fil, rendant ainsi indispensable l’intégration d’une ou plusieurs antennes. De plus, l’électronique devant s’adapter à des objets de plus en plus petits et flexibles embarquant de plus en plus de capteurs tout en consommant de moins en moins d’énergie, il est intéressant de se pencher sur l’étude de nouveaux matériaux pour la réalisation d’antennes devant s’adapter à ces nouvelles contraintes. Dans ce cadre, nous nous sommes attachés dans ce travail de recherche, à la conception de structures antennaires à base de métaux liquides à température ambiante dans le but de réaliser des antennes conformables de formes complexes associant l’impression 3D, des antennes reconfigurables et des structures rayonnantes ayant la capacité de capteur. Dans ce manuscrit des prototypes d’antenne comportant ces caractéristiques ont été simulés, réalisés et mesurésToday, electronic is an integral part of our lives. Indeed, more and more objects integrate electronics to connect each other, this is the Internet of Things (IoT). All of these wireless devices need one or more antennas. Furthermore, It’s useful to develop new materials to realize new antennas that fit with new constraints: smaller and flexible objects, more and more sensors and less and less consuming.In this context, we have focused this research on antenna structures based on metals which are liquid at room temperature to realize conformable antennas of complex shapes combining 3D printing, reconfigurable antennas and radiant structures with the ability to sensor. In this manuscript, antenna prototypes with these characteristics have been simulated, realized and measured
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Füll, David. « Monopol integrovaný do 3D textilu ». Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316433.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis deals with the design of omnidirectional monopole antennas. Using the parabolic reflector and the directors, the directional characteristics of monopole antennas are modified. This directional antenna, together with the omnidirectional antenna, examines the effect of various materials, the emission characteristics and the input reflection factor, near the antennas. These antennas are made of 3D textile, measured in anechoic chamber and compared to the designed antennas. At the end of the thesis is the summary and evaluation of the result.
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Bui, Do Hanh Ngan. « Antennes souples imprimables pour la récupération de champs électromagnétiques ambiants ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT062/document.
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L’Internet-of-Things désigne un développement en plein essor d’objets interconnectés et qui sont susceptibles de modifier nombre de services au sein de l’industrie comme pour la personne. Les développements actuels buttent sur plusieurs verrous dont celui de l’autonomie énergétique des objets ou encore des procédés de fabrication économiquement acceptables et respectueux de la planète. Dans ce contexte, la récupération d'énergie est une thématique largement répandue faisant appel à des sources très variées (mécanique, thermique, électromagnétique...). Cette thèse est notamment orientée vers la récupération d'énergie électromagnétique ambiante. Le second point caractéristique de cette thèse est de s'intéresser à des substrats souples et si possible recyclables. Le défi consiste à récupérer l’énergie provenant d’un champ électromagnétique ambiant extrêmement faible : ceci concerne l’antenne, qui doit par ailleurs répondre à une exigence de flexibilité pour son intégration future à un objet souple et déformable, et l’électronique de traitement de l’énergie.Le travail de thèse est articulé autour de trois phases principales :Dans la première phase, il s’agissait de l’étude des structures d’antennes compatibles en fréquence et en puissance reçue avec l’application de récupération d’énergie et une réalisation physique sur base souple (papier, tissu...). Cette phase a permis de présenter les différentes approches pour combiner les sources RF.Dans la deuxième phase, il s’agit de l’étude sur le rôle de circuits redresseurs dans le système de récupérer d’énergie. Les méthodes d'extraction des paramètres sont discutées en dissociant chaque élément et leurs rôles. De nombreuses mesures ont été réalisées afin de comparer différents modèles de la diode utilisée pour le redressement, en tenant compte également de l'impact réel du processus de fabrication et du processus de mesure.Une troisième phase permet l’optimisation de l’ensemble antenne et électronique (rectenna) pour divers scenarii et le suivi de la variabilité pour maintenir les pertes du système a minima. La réalisation de démonstrateurs pertinents, testés et caractérisés est présentéeInternet-of-Things means a growing development of interconnected objects that are likely to change many services within the industry as well as for the individual. Several barriers, including the energy autonomy of objects or production processes that are economically acceptable and respectful of the planet, hamper current developments. In this context, energy recovery is a widespread theme using a wide range of sources (mechanical, thermal, electromagnetic, etc.). This thesis is oriented towards the recovery of ambient electromagnetic energy. The second characteristic point of this thesis is to focus on flexible and, if possible, recyclable substrates. The challenge is to recover energy from an extremely low ambient electromagnetic field: this concerns the antenna, which must also meet a requirement for flexibility for its future integration with a flexible and deformable object, and the electronics of energy processing.The work of this thesis conducted in three phases.In the first phase, it was the study of the antenna structures compatible with frequency and power received with the energy harvesting application and a physical realization on flexible base (paper, textile, etc.). This phase allowed presenting the different approaches to combining the RF sources.In the second phase, the study on the role of rectifying circuit in the system of recovering wireless energy was presented. Methods for extracting parameters were discussed by separating each element and its roles. Numerous measurements have been conducted to compare different models of the diode, taking into account also the actual impact of the manufacturing process and the measurement process.A third phase allows the optimization of the antenna and electronic assembly (rectenna) for various scenarios and the monitoring of variability to keep the losses of the system at minima. The production of relevant demonstrators, test and characterization were presented
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Duplouy, Johan. « Wideband Reconfigurable Vector Antenna for 3-D Direction Finding Application ». Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/24404/1/Duplouy_Johan.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Direction finding plays a crucial role in various civilian and military applications, related to either radionavigation or radiolocation. Most of the direction finding antennas operate over a wide frequency band, but only a minority of them enable the direction of arrival estimation of an incoming electromagnetic field over a 3-D angular coverage (i.e., estimation of both azimuth and elevation angles). An original approach to obtain a 3-D angular coverage consists in measuring the six components of the incident electromagnetic field through a so-called vector antenna. The aim of this Ph.D. is to design a passive, compact and wideband vector antenna in order to cover a maximum of applications. Two vector antennas have been designed, manufactured and experimentally characterized. Unlike conventional topology, they enable the measurement of the components of an incoming electromagnetic field thanks to the radiation pattern reconfigurability of an original arrangement of Vivaldi antennas. The first prototype is mounted over a finite metallic support and enables the direction of arrival estimation of vertically-polarized electromagnetic fields over a 1.69:1 bandwidth while the second one can be used regardless of the polarization of the incoming electromagnetic fields over a 8:1 bandwidth. Moreover, the direction finding performances of these vector antennas have been improved in terms of estimation accuracy, sensitivity, robustness to angular ambiguity and polarization mismatch by synthesizing new radiation patterns in the estimation process. A method based on the Cramer-Rao lower bound has been proposed to select efficiently and rapidly the additional radiation patterns
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Friedrich, Aline [Verfasser]. « 3D manufacturing using laser direct structuring and the application on the development of antenna systems / Aline Friedrich ». Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1192440536/34.
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Jeong, Kyoung Ho. « Design, Fabrication and Measurement of Millimeter Fresnel Lens and Helical Antenna using Additive Manufacturing ». The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu151186821778416.
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Kašpar, Petr. « Návrh 3D Vivaldiho anténní řady pro radarové aplikace ». Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221258.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This master thesis deals with a design of Vivaldi antenna due to its broadband properties suitable for radar applications. The folding of single Vivaldi antenna element into 2D antenna array we achieved required radiation properties. Appropriate design of feeding structure realized by SIW technology we obtained suppression of side lobes and deflection of the main lobe. The work also includes design of 3D Vivaldi antenna array. Modeling, simulation and optimization of antenna array were performed in CST Microwave Studio.
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Apalboym, Maxim, et Scott Kujiraoka. « Advances in the Development of Missile Telemetry Test Sets : Utilizing 3D Printing for Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing ». International Foundation for Telemetering, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/596449.
Texte intégralRésumé :
ITC/USA 2015 Conference Proceedings / The Fifty-First Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 26-29, 2015 / Bally's Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NVFunctionally testing missiles in the All Up Round (AUR), a configuration that consists of a complete system packaged in its flight worthy state, requires the use of test sets along with constituent conformal equipment for interfacing. During developmental testing, telemetry (TM) sections are integrated within an AUR missile. These test sets monitor TM unit performance while maintaining form, fit, and function; therefore, resulting in complete data confidence. Initiating TM functional tests permit a capability in verifying that TM sections have been integrated properly. Safety being a priority, in order to attenuate RF radiation leakage while providing repeatable test capabilities in the near-field, antenna couplers are fabricated as a shielding interface between the user and radiating source and a coupling interface between an AUR missile and the test set. Generally, antenna couplers are composed of metallic bodies which require machine shop fabrication. The process of getting machined parts can take up to several months which can delay delivery schedules. With the availability of 3D printing capabilities and methods in metalizing various materials, a novel approach to fabricating antenna couplers has been explored. The use of modeling Software Packages (Computer Aided Design and Electromagnetic Solvers) and additive printing play key roles in reducing the development cycle time while saving costs, decreasing weight, and sustaining performance. This paper will detail the efforts using 3D printing capabilities in the development and fabrication of an antenna coupler with several examples cited herein.
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Guardiola, Garcia Marta. « Multi-antenna multi-frequency microwave imaging systems for biomedical applications ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/134967.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Medical imaging refers to several different technologies that are used to view the human body in order to diagnose, monitor, or treat medical conditions. Each type of technology gives different information about the area of the body being studied depending on the radiation used to illuminate de body. Nowadays there are still several lesions that cannot be detected with the current methods in a curable stage of the disease. Moreover they present some drawbacks that limit its use, such as health risk, high price, patient discomfort, etc.
In the last decades, active microwave imaging systems are being considered for the internal inspection of light-opaque materials thanks to its capacity to penetrate and differentiate their constituents based on the contrast in dielectric properties with a sub-centimeter resolution. Moreover, they are safe, relatively low-cost and portable. Driven by the promising precedents of microwaves in other fields, an active electromagnetic research branch was focused to medical microwave imaging. The potential in breast cancer detection, or even in the more challenging brain stroke detection application, were recently identified. Both applications will be treated in this Thesis.
Intensive research in tomographic methods is now devoted to develop quantitative iterative algorithms based on optimizing schemes. These algorithms face a number of problems when dealing with experimental data due to noise, multi-path or modeling inaccuracies. Primarily focused in robustness, the tomographic algorithm developed and assessed in this thesis proposes a non-iterative and non-quantitative implementation based on a modified Born method. Taking as a reference the efficient, real-time and robust 2D circular tomographic method developed in our department in the late 80s, this thesis proposes a novel implementation providing an update to the current state-of-the-art. The two main contributions of this work
are the 3D formulation and the multi-frequency extension, leading to the so-called Magnitude Combined (MC) Tomographic algorithm. First of all, 2D algorithms were only applicable to the reconstruction of objects that can be assumed uniform in the third dimension, such as forearms. For the rest of the cases, a 3D algorithm was required. Secondly, multi-frequency information tends to stabilize the reconstruction removing the frequency selective artifacts while maintaining the resolution of the higher frequency of the band.
This thesis covers the formulation of the MC tomographic algorithm and its assessment with medically relevant scenarios in the framework of breast cancer and brain stroke detection. In the numerical validation, realistic models from magnetic resonances performed to real patients have been used. These models are currently the most realistic ones available to the scientific community. Special attention is devoted to the experimental validation, which constitutes the main challenge of the microwave imaging systems. For this reason, breast phantoms using mixtures of chemicals to mimic the dielectric properties of real tissues have been manufactured and an acquisition system to measure these phantoms has been created. The results show that the proposed algorithm is able to provide robust images of medically realistic scenarios and detect a malignant breast lesion and a brain hemorrhage, both at an initial stage.
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Lin, Valentine, et Hamad Tarek Sayed. « 3D Printing a Maxwell Fish Eye Lens With Periodic Structures ». Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254262.
Texte intégralRésumé :
With the rise of high frequency communication systems such as 5G, new types of antennas has to be developed in order to meet the new requirements. In recent years, lens antennas made of periodic structures has been shown to have desirable performance when increasing operational frequency without increasing the size of the antennas. One way of manufacturing the lenses for the antennas are with 3D printers loaded with dielectrics with specified permittivity. This project group studied the process of designing and manufacturing a flat Maxwell fish eye lens at 5 GHz with a bandwidth of 3.5 GHz to 6 GHz. The resulting design is a lens based on a periodic configuration of cuboid unit cells made from dielectrics which consisted of a hole. By choosing the ratio of dielectric and holes in the unit cells, each part of the lens could be tuned to achieve a specific effective refractive index required for realising the Maxwell fish eye lens.
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Bisognin, Aimeric. « Évaluation de technologies organiques faibles pertes et d’impression plastique 3D afin de contribuer au développement de solutions antennaires innovantes dans la bande 60 GHz – 140GHz ». Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4120/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L’émergence des applications mobiles accessibles depuis un smartphone provoque une très forte augmentation du trafic de données transitant sur les réseaux mobiles. L’augmentation de la capacité du réseau et de la rapidité des connexions sont autant de points cruciaux que les nouvelles générations de réseau mobile devront adresser afin de répondre à la demande des utilisateurs. L’une des solutions viables pour augmenter la capacité du réseau mobile consiste à le densifier afin de permettre la réutilisation des fréquences en déployant des stations de base consommant une faible puissance et couvrant de petites surfaces (les "small cells"). Ce mode de déploiement massif en "small cells" constitue un défi majeur pour le réseau de backhaul afin de reconnecter chacune de ces "small cell" au cœur de réseau. De plus, avec l’évolution du réseau de backhaul vers une architecture de type Centralized Radio Access Network (CRAN), des technologies sans fil pouvant supporter des débits supérieurs à 10Gbit/s seront requises. Étant donné la maturité des technologies silicium au-delà de 100GHz, la bande 116-142GHz semble être un candidat idéal pour établir des communications point à point supérieures à 10Gbit/s et très faible consommation DC. Dans cette thèse, plusieurs solutions d’antennes-lentilles et réflecteurs fonctionnant à 60, 80 et 120GHz sont explorées pour des systèmes WLAN/WPAN et backhaul. Afin de minimiser le coût de la solution antennaire, nous évaluons des technologies d’impression 3D pour la fabrication des lentilles et des réflecteurs, ainsi que des technologies utilisant des matériaux organiques à faibles pertes pour la fabrication des antennes-sources planairesThe improvement of the capabilities of wireless communication devices (smartphone, tablets …) which require higher and higher data rate, leads to a significant increase of the data traffic needed by each end user. This strong consumer demand for higher data-rate and coverage is stressing a lot the capacity of existing cellular networks. In order to cope with this challenge, one of the most promising solution consists in a network densification based on the deployment of low-power and short-range-radio-coverage base stations (small cells). The development of high data-rate and low power wireless fronthaul and backhaul technologies is a key requirement to enable the deployment of those future small cells (since associated civil works costs generally prevent the use of optical fiber solutions). So far, the wireless industry has been investigating the use of 60 and 80 GHz frequency bands in order to develop low-cost higher than 1Gbit/s backhaul solutions. It is expected that higher data-rate > 10 Gbit/s will be required for fronthaul communications. The broad bandwidth available around 120GHz (116-142GHz) would enable to reach such data rates while lowering the DC power consumption. In this thesis, we develop several lens and reflector antennas operating at 60, 80 and 120GHz for WLAN/WPAN and fronthaul/backhaul networks. In order to minimize the cost of those solutions, we evaluate 3D-printing technologies for the fabrication of the lenses and the reflectors as well as industrial low loss organic packaging technologies for the fabrication of planar antenna-source
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Nassar, Ibrahim Turki. « Small Antennas Design for 2.4 GHz Applications ». Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3619.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In many wireless devices, antennas occupy the majority of the overall size. As compact device sizes become a greater focus in industry, the demand for small antennas escalates. In this thesis, detailed investigations on the design of a planar meandered line antenna with truncated ground plane and 3D dipole antenna at 2.4 GHz (ISM band) are presented. The primary goal of this research is to develop small, low coast, and low profile antennas for wireless sensor applications. The planar meandered line antenna was designed based on a study of different miniaturization techniques and a study of the ground plane effect. The study of the ground plane effect proved that it has a pivotal role on balancing the antenna current. The study of the miniaturization process proved that it affects directly the gain, bandwidth, and efficiency. The antenna efficiency and gain were improved using the truncated ground plane. This antenna has a measured gain of -0.86 dBi and measured efficiency of 49.7%, making it one of the efficient and high gain small antennas. The 3D dipole antenna was designed using a novel method for efficiently exploiting the available volume. This method consists of fabricating the dipole on a cube configuration with opening up the internal volume for other uses. This antenna was tested, and it was found that this antenna has good radiation characteristics according to its occupied volume. Ka of this antenna is 0.55, its measured gain is 1.69 dBi with 64.2% measured efficiency. Therefore, this design is very promising in low-power sensing
applications. A Wheeler Cap was designed for measuring the efficiency and the 3-antenna method was used for measuring the designed antennas gain.
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Oliver, John Marcus. « 3D Micromachined Passive Components and Active Circuit Integration for Millimeter-wave Radar Applications ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77049.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The development of millimeter-wave (30-300 GHz) sensors and communications systems has a long history of interest, spanning back almost six decades. In particular, mm-wave radars have applications as automotive radars, in remote atmospheric sensing applications, as landing radars for air and spacecraft, and for high precision imaging applications. Mm-wave radar systems have high angular accuracy and range resolution, and, while susceptible to atmospheric attenuation, are less susceptible to optically opaque conditions, such as smoke or dust. This dissertation document will present the initial steps towards a new approach to the creation of a mm-wave radar system at 94 GHz.
Specifically, this dissertation presents the design, fabrication and testing of various components of a highly integrated mm-wave a 94 Ghz monopulse radar transmitter/receiver. Several architectural approaches are considered, including passive and active implementations of RF monopulse comparator networks. These architectures are enabled by a high-performance three-dimensional rectangular coaxial microwave transmission line technology known as PolyStrataTM as well as silicon-based IC technologies. A number of specific components are examined in detail, including: a 2x2 PolyStrata antenna array, a passive monopulse comparator network, a 94 GHz SiGe two-port active comparator MMIC, a 24 GHz RF-CMOS 4-port active monopulse comparator IC, and a series of V- and W-band corporate combining structures for use in transmitter power combining applications.
The 94 GHz cavity-backed antennas based on a rectangular coaxial feeding network have been designed, fabricated, and tested. 13 dB gain for a 2 x 2 array, as well as antenna patterns are reported. In an effort to facilitate high-accuracy measurement of the antenna array, an E-probe transition to waveguide and PolyStrata diode detectors were also designed and fabricated. AW-band rectangular coaxial passive monopulse comparator with integrated antenna array and diode detectors have also been presented. Measured monopulse nulls of 31.4 dB in the ΔAZ plane have been demonstrated.
94-GHz SiGe active monopulse comparator IC and 24 GHz RF-CMOS active monopulse comparator RFIC designs are presented, including detailed simulations of monopulse nulls and performance over frequency. Simulations of the W-band SiGe active monopulse comparator IC indicate potential for wideband operation, with 30 dB monopulse nulls from 75-105 GHz. For the 24-GHz active monopulse comparator IC, simulated monopulse nulls of 71 dB and 68 dB were reported for the azimuthal and elevational sweeps. Measurements of these ICs were unsuccessful due to layout errors and incomplete accounting for parasitics.
Simulated results from a series of rectangular coaxial power corporate power combining structures have been presented, and their relative merits discussed. These designs include 2-1 and 4-1 reactive, Wilkinson, and Gysel combiners at V- and W-band. Measured back-to-back results from Gysel combiners at 60 GHz included insertion loss of 0.13 dB per division for a 2-1 combination, and an insertion loss of 0.3 dB and 0.14 dB for "planar" and "direct" 4-1 combinations, respectively. At 94 GHz, a measured insertion loss of 0.1 dB per division has been presented for a 2-1 Gysel combination, using a back-to-back structure. Preliminary designs for a solid-state power amplifier (SSPA) structure have also been presented. Finally, two conceptual monopulse transceivers will be presented, as a vehicle for integrating the various components demonstrated in this dissertation.Ph. D.
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Lominé, Jimmy. « Étude d’une antenne vectorielle UHF multibande appliquée à la goniométrie 3D ». Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0096/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
De nos jours, il existe de nombreuses antennes de radiogoniométrie UHF large bande ou multibandes, néanmoins très peu d’entre elles permettent une couverture angulaire 3D. A notre connaissance, la première antenne de radiogoniométrie 3D fût étudiée dans les années 1960, par une équipe de l’université du Michigan. Composée de 17 capteurs positionnés sur une surface hémisphérique, sa taille et son nombre d’éléments en font un dispositif encombrant et complexe à utiliser. De récentes études ont proposé une autre approche basée sur la mesure multicomposante du champ électromagnétique, permettant de réduire la taille des antennes et le nombre d’éléments tout en conservant une couverture angulaire 3D. Cependant, à ce jours, seul des systèmes HF (3MHz-30MHz) ou bande étroite ont été abordés. Cette thèse porte donc sur l’étude et le développement d’une antenne vectorielle UHF multibande appliquée à la radiogoniométrie 3D pour des ondes transverses magnétiques. Tout d’abord, deux techniques de goniométrie adaptées à cette approche sont confrontées : une nouvelle technique basée sur la décomposition en harmonique sphérique du rayonnement de l’antenne qui permet de recomposer le champ électromagnétique reçu à partir d’échantillons mesurés et un algorithme bien connu, MUSIC. Une méthodologie de conception est proposée, en identifiant les critères physiques des antennes vectorielles qui influent sur leurs performances à savoir la précision d’estimation, la sensibilité, le nombre d’éléments et l’encombrement. Cette méthode est utilisée pour développer et réaliser une première antenne vectorielle monobande. La caractérisation de cette antenne réaliste permet d’écarter la première technique de traitement dont les performances sont trop sensibles aux perturbations de rayonnement. Une antenne vectorielle bibande compacte, d’un rayon de λ/4 et d’une hauteur de λ/5.5 à la fréquence la plus basse, composée de seulement six éléments rayonnants couvrant chacun les bandes de fréquences GSM [890MHz-960MHz] et [1710MHZ-1880MHz] est ensuite développée en se basant sur cette méthode de conception. Les capteurs électriques et magnétiques constituant l’antenne sont étudiés séparément puis assemblés selon une répartition spatiale planaire pour restreindre l’encombrement. Les structures rayonnantes sont communes pour les deux bandes de fréquences ce qui permet réduire le nombre d’éléments ainsi que les éventuelles perturbations de rayonnement. Après la caractérisation de l’antenne bibande au travers de simulations numériques, un prototype est réalisé et ses performances d’estimation sont mesurées en chambre anéchoïque afin de valider l’approche par simulation. La sensibilité obtenue est de -110dBW/m² (85μV/m) pour une précision de 5° RMS. Enfin l’étude est élargie au cas général d’antennes multibandes en illustrant le processus d’extension de la couverture fréquentielle par l’ajout d’une troisième bande, [400MHz-430MHz]. Six nouveaux éléments sont donc développés et intégrés aux capteurs GSM existants afin d’obtenir une antenne tribande d’un rayon de λ/3.2 et d’une hauteur de λ/12.5 à 400MHz. Malgré une légère augmentation de l’erreur d’estimation, causée par la présence de ces nouveaux éléments, la caractérisation de cette nouvelle antenne tribande montre de bonnes performances d’estimation avec une sensibilité de -105dBW/m² (155μV/m) pour une précision de 5° RMSNowadays, a lot of wideband or multiband direction finding antennas operating in the UHF band exist. Nevertheless, only few of them allow to estimate the direction of arrival in the full 3D space. At the author’s knowledge, the first 3D direction finding antenna was studied in the 1960s, at the University of Michigan. Composed of 17 sensors, located on a large hemispherical surface, this antenna is bulky and complex to use. Recently, some studies have proposed another approach based on the multicomponent measurement of the electromagnetic field that allows to decrease the antennas size and the number of radiating elements without reducing the 3D angular coverage. However, only HF (3-30MHz) or narrowband systems have been reported. The objective of this PhD is to study and to develop an UHF multiband vector sensor applied to the estimation of the direction of arrival of transverse magnetic waves in the full 3D space. Firstly, two signal processing techniques adapted to this approach are compared : a new technique based on the spherical harmonic decomposition of the antenna radiation which allows to recompose the received electromagnetic field from the measured samples and a well-known high resolution algorithm called MUSIC. A design methodology allowing to identify the physical criteria of vector sensors related to the antenna performances such as the estimation accuracy, the sensitivity, the number of elements and the antenna size is proposed. This method is used for developing and designing a first single-band vector sensor. The results obtained from numerical simulations allow to rule out the first signal processing technique which is too sensitive to the radiation perturbations. Then, a compact dual-band vector sensor operating in the GSM frequency band, [890MHz-960MHz] and [1710MHZ-1880MHz], is developed by using the same design methodology. The antenna size is λ/4 in radius and λ/5.5 in height at the lowest frequency. The electric and magnetic elements which compose the vector sensors are designed separately and then combined according to a planar spatial distribution to retain a compact antenna size. The same radiating structures are used for operating in the two frequency bands in order to reduce the number of elements and the eventual radiation perturbations. After the performances assessment through numerical simulations in each band, a prototype is manufactured and its estimation performances are measured for a validation purpose. The sensitivity is -110dBW.m−2 (85μV.m−1) for a 5◦ RMS angular accuracy. Finally, the study is extended to the general case of multiband antennas by adding a third band, [400MHz-430MHz]. New elements are developed and incorporated into the dual-band GSM sensors to obtain a tri-band vector sensor. The size of this new antenna is λ/3.2 in radius and λ/12.5 in height at 400MHz. Despite a slight increase of the angular errors in the estimation of the direction of arrival caused by the presence of the new antenna elements, the characterization of the tri-band sensor performances by simulation show a good accuracy with a sensitivity valued at -105dBW.m−2 (155μV.m−1) for a 5◦ RMS angular accuracy
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Rida, Amin Hassan. « Integrated RF modules and passives on low-cost flexible materials for applications up to the mm-wave frequency range ». Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39552.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The objective of the proposed research is to develop solutions for High-Performance Low-Cost Passives for Radar, Identification, and Communication Applications up to mm-Wave Frequencies. This research will bring to the table potential solutions that will meet three main requirements: small size (or low weight), high performance, and low cost. This research embarks on antenna design and development for passive RFID tags on LCP substrates, and then a transition towards lower cost modules investigates and explores the possibilities of using paper as RF substrates with inkjet printing as a low cost fabrication technology. Modules such as dual band antenna for Wifi frequencies (2.4 GHz and 5 GHz) and UWB (up to 10GHz) on paper substrate using inkjet printing are presented. This work then bridges into developing higher frequency modules. These include: highly selective filter design on LCP for X-band Radar application to be used as a benchmark for an easy adjustment for higher frequencies, and antenna modules LCP using inkjet printing for communication such as mm-Wave WLAN or WPAN.
A transition into mm-Wave Modules then takes place for the general realization of low-cost high-performance mm-Wave modules and more specifically the low cost automotive radar. After proposing an architecture for integrated mm-Wave module, this work then investigates 2D/3D interconnections (and their integration with antennas) on LCP using conventional etching design guidelines up to 100GHz. Antenna arrays that are implemented with phase shifters for beam steering are then designed using edge fed and multilayer technology. Furthermore, crosstalk reductions for highly dense transmission lines are analyzed via simulations for the optimum performance and space saving of such mm-Wave modules such as the IC interface where space restrictions are strictly enforced.
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DeJean, Gerald Reuben. « Design, Modeling, and Optimization of Compact Broadband and Multiband 3D System-On-Package (SOP) Antenna Architectures for Wireless Communications and Millimeter-Wave Applications ». Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14630.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In recent years, the miniaturization of cell phones and computers has led to a requirement for antennas to be small and lightweight. Antennas, desired to operate in the WLAN frequency range, often possess physical sizes that are too large for integration with radio-frequency (RF) devices. When integrating antennas into three-dimensional (3D) system-on-package (SOP) transceivers, the maintenance of a compact size also provides isolation from other devices, hence, surface wave propagation or high dielectric constant materials such as low temperature cofired ceramics (LTCC) does not affect nearby components of the transceiver such as filters, baluns, and other embedded passives. Therefore, the application of design methods is necessary for realizing compact antennas in the wireless community that can be integrated to RF packages. Furthermore, it is essential that these compact antennas maintain acceptable performance characteristics, such as impedance bandwidth, low cross-polarization, and high efficiency. In addition, the analysis of circuit modeling techniques that could be used to obtain a better understanding of the physical phenomena of the antenna is quite necessary as modules become more and more complex. Based on these requirements, the focus of this research is to improve the design of compact antennas for wireless communications, wireless local area networks (WLAN), and millimeter-wave applications by using time-domain electromagnetic and circuit modeling techniques and optimizations. These compact antenna designs are applied to practical wireless communications systems such as global system of mobile communications (GSM), Bluetooth Industrial-Scientific-Medical (ISM) devices, IEEE802.11a WLAN, and Local Multipoint Distribution Systems (LMDS) applications. Parametric analyses are conducted to study critical parameters that may affect the antenna designs. Moreover, optimizations are performed to optimize the structures, and measured results are presented to validate design techniques.
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Yu, Xiaoju, et Xiaoju Yu. « Investigation of Several Novel Radio-Frequency Techniques - Biologically Inspired Direction Finding, 3D Printed RF Components and Systems, and Fundamental Aspects of Antenna Matching ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623148.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This dissertation presents the investigation of biologically inspired direction finding (DF) and localization systems, 3D printing solution for RF components and systems, and fundamental aspects of antennas regarding bandwidth and power efficiency. Biologically inspired direction finding and localization systems are explored first. Inspired by the human binaural auditory system, an improved direction of arrival (DoA) estimation technique using two antennas with a lossy scatterer in between them to achieve additional magnitude cues is proposed. By exploiting the incident-angle- dependent magnitude and phase differences between the two antennas with specially designed scatterer, the DoA of an incident signal from two-dimensional (2-D) / three- dimensional (3-D) space can be estimated. Besides, compact DF systems with enhanced directional sensitivity using a scatterer of high permittivity in between adjacent closely spaced electrically-small antennas are examined. Inspired by the human monaural auditory system, a novel single-antenna DF technique is also proposed by exploiting the incident-angle-dependent spectra for a broadband RF signal only. In addition, a wideband superior DF system utilizing Luneburg lens and uniformly placed detectors on the equator of the lens is evaluated. The DoA is estimated using the amplitude distribution of the received signals at the detectors. Moreover, A portable inventory localization system utilizing hybrid RF (for direction, using previously introduced DF techniques) and ultrasound (for distance) signals is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Next, a multilayer phased array system is designed and individual parts are printed to demonstrate the applicability of hybrid thermal wire-mesh embedding (for conductors) and thermoplastic extrusion (for dielectrics) techniques for additively manufacturing RF17integrated systems. Finally, fundamental aspects of antennas in terms of bandwidth limit for reactive matching and power efficiency for non-Foster matching are analyzed.
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Joshi, Chetan. « Contrôle du diagramme de rayonnement d'une antenne en technologie imprimée à l'aide d'un superstrat diélectrique inspiré de la transformation d'espace ». Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0079/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La Transformation d’Espace appelée aussi Transformation Optique (TO) est un outil de conception électromagnétique puissant qui a permis la conception de nouveaux dispositifs tels que la célèbre “cape d'invisibilité”. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans la continuité directe de celle de M.D. Clemente Arenas (Application de la transformation d'espace à la conception d'antennes à diagramme de rayonnement contrôlé, 2014) et porte sur l’utilisation de la TO pour modifier drastiquement le rayonnement d’une antenne patch. Ces fortes modifications du rayonnement sont habituellement obtenues avec l’aide d’un superstrat encombrant et constitué de matériaux ayant une perméabilité et permittivité exotiques (métamatériaux). L’objectif est donc ici de réduire cet encombrement et de simplifier la réalisation en utilisant des matériaux diélectriques standards. Ainsi, grâce au superstrat développé, une antenne patch ayant un gain réalisé de 7 dB devient une antenne présentant deux lobes dans le plan azimutal de gain réalisé de 3.5 dB. Le superstrat, d’épaisseur 0.12λ, est conçu à l’aide de deux matériaux uniquement : Alumine (εr = 9.9) et Fullcure (εr = 2.8), alors que le profil initial comporte une permittivité variant entre 1 et 15 et une perméabilité entre 0.3 et 3. Divers degrés de libertés dans la conception permettent d'adapter notre solution pour concevoir d’autres superstrats avec des fonctionnalités différentes: diagramme ayant une ouverture de plus de 180° dans un plan, diagramme end-fire, etc. Les applications visées sont notamment celles de l’aéronautique pour lesquelles il existe aujourd’hui sur les aéronefs plusieurs dizaines d’antennes pour assurer toutes les liaisons nécessaires aux communications, à l’identification, au positionnement, etc. La géométrie du porteur conduit alors à utiliser plusieurs antennes protubérantes pour remplir cette mission. Cependant pour un avion, ces excroissances contribuent à dégrader l’aérodynamisme de l’appareil ce qui se traduit par une consommation plus importante. Le but est donc de proposer des solutions antennaires à rayonnement nonconventionnel et non protubérante compatible avec une intégration sur dérive ou fuselage. Le concept est validé à l'aide d'une maquette réalisée avec une imprimante 3D et avec le soutien d’Airbus Group InnovationsTransformation Optics (TO) is a powerful electromagnetic design tool that enables the design of new devices such as the famous "invisibility cloak". This thesis is in direct continuation of that of M.D. Clemente Arenas (Application de la transformation d'espace à la conception d'antennes à diagramme de rayonnement contrôlé, 2014) and focuses on the use of the TO to drastically change radiation of a patch antenna. These sharp changes in radiation pattern are usually obtained using bulky superstrates made of metamaterials having exotic permeability and permittivity values. The objective of this thesis is to reduce the thickness of the superstrate and simplify the fabrication by enabling the use of standard dielectric materials. Thus, a patch antenna with realized gain of 7 dB is transformed, with the help of proposed superstrate, into an antenna having two lobes in the azimuth plane withrealized gain of 3.5 dB. The 0.12λ thick superstrate is designed using two standard dielectric materials only: Alumina (εr = 9.9) and FullCure (εr = 2.8), whereas the previous solution had variation in permittivity between 1 and 15 and in permeability between 0.3 and 3. Various degrees of freedom in the design allow adapting this solution to develop new superstrates for other applications: radiation pattern with HPBW greater than 180 ° in one plane, end-fire radiation pattern, etc. Target applications include those of aeronautics. Today, dozens of antennas on an aircraft are required to ensure the necessary communications links, identification, positioning and other purposes. The structure of the aircraft necessitates use multiple antennas to fulfill this mission, which are fixed and protrude on fuselage or wings. However, for an aircraft, these protuberances contribute to the aerodynamic drag, which results in higher fuel consumption. Therefore, the objective is to propose conformal antenna solutions with unconventional radiation pattern, which can be eventually integrated on fuselage or rudder. The concept is validated using a model made with a 3D printer and with the support of Airbus Group Innovations
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Nachabe, Nour. « Évaluation des technologies d'impression 3D pour le développement d'antennes directives à large bande passante pour les liaisons backhaul en bandes millimétriques V et E ». Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4118/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Face à la demande croissante de débits de données de plus en plus élevées, l’une des principales solutions proposées par la 5G est de densifier le réseau en y intégrant notamment de nouvelles « Small cells ». La réorganisation de l’architecture du réseau mobile pour s’adapter à l’intégration poussée de ces Small cells, fait naître la problématique de la connexion backhaul entre les stations de bases desservant les Small cells et le cœur de réseau. Ainsi, des liaisons backhaul de plusieurs Gb/s de données sont nécessaires pour pouvoir assurer un débit de données d’au moins 100Mb/s à l’utilisateur qui est l’un des objectifs fixés pour la 5G. Les solutions de connexion backhaul sans fils ont un avantage indiscutable face aux coûts de déploiements de fibres optiques qui sont très élevés. Pour augmenter la capacité spectrale des liaisons sans fils, l’utilisation des fréquences millimétriques au-delà de 6 GHz caractérisées par des larges bandes passantes sera prochainement discutée pour la 5G durant le World Radiocommunication Conference 2019. Parmi ces fréquences, les bandes V (57-66GHz) et E (71-76 GHz et 81-86 GHz) ont un intérêt indéniable grâce aux larges bandes passantes disponibles ainsi qu’aux conditions de licenciement peu exigeantes. Les travaux développés dans cette thèse consistent à concevoir des antennes directives à large bande passante permettant d’établir les liens backhaul point-à-point sans fils (LoS). En exploitant les technologies de fabrications à faibles coût telles que l’impression 3D et Printed Circuit Board (PCB) sur des substrats FR4, la conception de deux types d’antenne directives a été étudiée à savoir des antennes lentilles et des antennes réseauxIn order to address the ever-increasing demand of higher data rates, adding small cells to the existing macrocells infrastructure is one of the most important milestones of the 5G roadmap. With the integration of small cells and the re-organization of the network topology, backhaul bottleneck is the main challenge to address in the near future. Facing the costs of deployments of fiber optic connections, point-to-point wireless backhaul links using millimeter wave (mmW) frequencies are gaining prominence. 5G future frequencies, to be discussed under the World Radiocommunication Conference 2019 (WRC-19) open-up the way towards mmW frequency band where large bandwidths are naturally available. The high bandwidths available at these frequencies enable several Gbps data rate backhaul links, which is un utmost necessity to respect the 100 Mbps user-experienced data rate promised by the 5G standard. Millimeter-wave frequencies in V and E-bands unlicensed/light licensed spectrum are considered as primary candidates for backhaul links. In addition to the light license regime, the high free space path loss experienced at these frequencies is rather beneficial to limit the interference between small cells links. Moreover, the high available bandwidths at V and E-bands enable to achieve multi Gb/s links without using complex modulation schemes. In this thesis, we focused our research study on developing high gain wide-band antennas usable in point-to-point backhaul links in a Line of Sight (LoS) context. Leveraging cost-efficient technologies like 3D printing and Printed Circuit Board (PCB) on FR4 substrates, we studied two high-gain antenna types: lens antennas and flat array antennas
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Mohammadzadeh, Galehdar Amir. « The Space Filling Meander Antennas for RFID Applications ». Thesis, Griffith University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366547.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A novel wire meander antenna is introduced for Radio Frequency Identification applications. The aim of this research was to find design rules rather than finding the best performing antenna. The limitations to small antennas performance are explored and reviewed to establish a guideline for new designs. Radiation efficiency was chosen as performance factor for measuring antenna quality. A method of moments technique based on the summation of segment currents and segment loss is introduced for finding the efficiency of wire antennas in free air. It compared favourably with two different results obtained using the finite element method (radiation pattern integration and Wheeler cap). The results were verified using two commercial available software HFSS and NEC. The efficiency of a resonant dipole was found to be proportional to the inverse square root of the conductivity. For a typical RFID meander line antenna in free space the relationship was found to be more severe. All 2D meander antennas with the same physical length in a given area were designed and simulated. The most efficient and longest electrical antennas were constructed. The simulation results were confirmed by practical measurements. A figure of merit was introduced to compare these performances with theoretical limits. Based on these antennas it is concluded that those structures with segments close to the feed have opposite current direction and usually have higher input impedance and efficiency. The idea was extended to 3D meander antennas and the same design rules as 2D meanders were used. The 3D meander antennas were placed on a conducting ground plane. Unlike 2D antennas, these antennas are capable of working near a conducting ground. This means 3D antennas are less affected by the environment around them. The two most significant shortcomings of RFID technology are: tag cost and performance. Both issues were addressed through the introduction of a new tapering method for antennas. Not only can the performance and cost be improved but the impact of tags on environment can be reduced by using this method. An optimization regime was required to find the best perform meander antenna in a given space. A Genetic Algorithm was chosen to find the best perform 2D meander antenna among all the possible solutions. A path finding optimization regime such as Ant Colony proved to be a better option. By using ACO a Pareto-Front was found for the performance of 2D meander antennas in a given area. It was shown that the efficiency is capped regardless of the track width and number of grid points mapping the area.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Engineering
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
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Lacombe, Elsa. « Évaluation de la technologie photonique sur silicium pour le développement de liens sans fil innovants visant 40 Gb/s au-delà de 200 GHz ». Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4095/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Avec l’explosion du trafic de données mobiles, des débits supérieurs au Gb/s deviennent nécessaires pour l’utilisateur. Ainsi, le réseau de communication est en cour d’amélioration afin de promouvoir le déploiement de la 5G, notamment grâce au développement et à l’installation de systèmes sans fil d’onde millimétrique (mmW) à 10 Gb/s. Néanmoins, pour délivrer de tels débits, les liens fronthaul/backhaul sans fil connectés au cœur de réseau devront supporter des flux de données supérieurs à 40 Gb/s. Cet enjeu suscite un intérêt croissant pour les fréquences sub-mmW et THz (0.1 THz – 1 THz) autour desquelles des bandes passantes (BPs) de 100 GHz sont accessibles. Il serait en effet possible d’atteindre un débit de 100 Gb/s, tout en utilisant des formats de modulation simples et ainsi réduire la consommation d’énergie du système. Visant le marché de masse des applications haut-débits, la technologie Photonique sur Silicium est particulièrement attractive pour générer des BPs naturellement larges et pour sa capacité à forts niveaux d’intégration et faible cout de fabrication. Dans cette thèse, une technologie Photonique sur Silicium industrielle a donc été évaluée durant le développement d’un émetteur intégré THz fonctionnant sur la base d’une photodiode et pouvant délivrer 100 Gb/s. Le développement d’une antenne THz faible cout et compacte est également un aspect majeur de cette thèse afin de permettre la transmission point-à-point du signal THz. En effet, une antenne intégrée sur substrat organique faible cout et à faibles pertes et une lentille fabriquée par impression 3D ont été développées afin d’évaluer ces technologies de prototypage industriel au-delà de 200 GHzWith the booming of mobile data traffic, the need for higher data-rates is clearly felt. To cope with this strong demand and support the 5G roll-out, the capacity of the mobile communication network is being improved every day with many solutions, among which the development and installation of millimeterwave (mmW) wireless systems operating at up to 10 Gb/s. However, in order to deliver such high speeds to the user, the fronthaul/backhaul network sending data back to the core network would require above 40 Gb/s data-rate wireless links. This challenge generates a growing interest for sub-mmW and THz frequencies (0.1 THz – 1 THz) at which up-to 100 GHz bandwidth (BW) is accessible. In such BW, it would be possible to achieve up to 100 Gb/s data-rates while using simple modulation schemes to reduce the wireless system’s power consumption. Targeting mass-market high data-rates applications, Silicon Photonics technology seems very promising as it benefits from wide intrinsic BW and powerefficient components, as well as high integration levels and low manufacturing costs. In this context, a main aspect of this PhD project is the evaluation of an industrial Silicon Photonics technology for the development of a THz system-on-chip transmitter capable of reaching up to 100 Gb/s using a photodiode. Since THz antennas are also a hot topic for THz point-to-point transmission, a second aspect of this PhD study is the design of a low-cost and compact THz antenna-system. Hence, a planar antenna using low-loss organic packaging technology and a 3D-printed plastic lens were developed in order to assess those industrial prototyping techniques above 200 GHz
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Aagaard, Fransson Erik Johannes, et Tobias Wall-Horgen. « Building and Evaluating a 3D Scanning System for Measurementsand Estimation of Antennas and Propagation Channels ». Thesis, KTH, Elektroteknisk teori och konstruktion, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-104802.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Wireless communications rely, among other things, on theunderstanding of the properties of the radio propagationchannel, the antennas and their interplay. Adequate measurementsare required to verify theoretical models and togain knowledge of the channel behavior and antenna performance.As a result of this master thesis we built a 3D fieldscanner measurement system to predict multipath propagationand to measure antenna characteristics. The 3Dscanner allows measuring a signal at the point of interestalong a line, on a surface or within a volume in space. In orderto evaluate the system, we have performed narrowbandchannel sounding measurements of the spatial distributionof waves impinging at an imaginary spherical sector. Datawas used to estimate the Angle-of-Arrivals (AoA) and amplitudeof the waves. An estimation method is presented tosolve the resulting inverse problem by means of regularizationwith truncated singular value decomposition. The regularizedsolution was then further improved with the helpof a successive interference cancellation algorithm. Beforeapplying the method to measurement data, it was testedon synthetic data to evaluate its performance as a functionof the noise level and the number of impinging waves. Inorder to minimize estimation errors it was also required tofind the phase center of the horn antenna used in the channelmeasurements. The task was accomplished by directmeasurements and by the regularization method, both resultsbeing in good agreement.
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Keerthi, Sandeep. « Low Velocity Impact and RF Response of 3D Printed Heterogeneous Structures ». Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1514392165695378.
Texte intégral
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Kouki, Faten. « Conception et intégration d’un sous-système filtre-antenne en céramique pour les communications haut-débit sans fils à 60 GHz ». Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0012/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dans le cadre des communications numériques sans fil, la vitesse d’échange de données est plus que jamais une caractéristique critique du système. Une augmentation du débit est donc nécessaire pour le développement de nouvelles applications, comme le «Wireless HD» qui doit rendre possible la transmission sans fil de gros volumes de données, telles que de la vidéo «non-compressée» à haute définition, à très haut débit (1-2 Gbps). La bande de fréquence centrée à 60 GHz semble être une solution préférentielle pour répondre à un tel besoin de par sa bande de fréquence disponible (9 GHz). Pour cela, il est nécessaire de disposer de technologies performantes pour l’intégration de systèmes d’émission réception (front-ends) millimétriques pour ces communications à très haut débit. L’objectif de cette thèse est de participer à la réalisation d’un système antennaire très directif à 60 GHz par la conception combinée d’une antenne et d’un filtre, et l’intégration de cette fonction grâce à un même procédé technologique. La conception et l’intégration combinées de l’antenne et du filtre participeront à améliorer le rendement global du sous-système destiné à des applications très haut débit à 60 GHz. Cette thèse, intitulée «Conception de fonctions combinées filtre-antenne pour les communications haut débit à 60 GHz», a été réalisée au sein du laboratoire XLIM, en collaboration avec le SPCTS pour les aspects technologiques, dans le cadre d’un projet régionalThe 60 GHz unlicensed spectrum between 57 and 66 GHz has received a lot of attention over the last years for enabling short-range and over 1-Gbps high-speed wireless communications. In addition to the high-data rates that can be accomplished in this spectrum, many other benefits such as high security communications are foreseen. In general, this frequency band is destined to low power and short range fixed or mobile applications. To benefit from high-speed within a compact device, it is required to realize a subsystem combining a directional antenna and a multiplexer with the same technological process. The 3D ceramic stereo lithography process has been selected to ensure the dimensional accuracy and limit the inevitable dispersions. This thesis contributes to achieve directional antennas at 60GHz by a combined antenna design and filter, and perform this function in the same technology the 3D ceramic stereo lithography process when connecting the filter with the antenna. Therefore, the first challenge is to design and to manufacture the primary feed of the directive antenna and the channel filters using the 3D ceramic process. The second challenge is to combine the primary feed and the 4 channel filters to form a single object. The filter-antenna subsystem allows to have a directivity of approximately 14 dBi. Therefore, the radiation of the horn antenna remains unchanged over the whole frequency band [57-66]GHz by associating the manifold multiplexer. The filter-antenna subsystem provides a return loss better than 10 dB at each port
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Mabrouk, Kais. « Conception et réalisation d'un système de Télécommunications MIMO avec Formation Numérique de Faisceaux en réception ; Calibrage aveugle du Démodulateur triphasé Zéro-IF et comparaison au démodulateur classique à 2 voies I et Q ». Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00409794.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dans le cadre de ce travail de recherche, nous nous somme intéressés à un système de télécommunication MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) à multiplexage spatial utilisant des récepteurs Zero-IF et la technique de formation numérique de faisceaux (FF). Le domaine d'application de ces travaux de recherches peuvent être aussi bien les applications fixes (exp: WiFi, IEEE) que les applications mobiles (exp: LTE, 3GPP).La première partie de ce travail est consacrée à une étude comparative entre les différents types de démodulateurs cinq-port et triphasés. Cette étude a permis de mettre en évidence l'aspect tridimensionnel des démodulateurs cinq-port et triphasés, de gagner 20dB en termes de réjection des produits d'intermodulation des signaux adjacents et de trouver une nouvelle méthode de calibrage aveugle du récepteur.
La seconde partie de la thèse se concentre sur le prototypage d'un système MIMO. Cette phase nous a permis d'exposer les difficultés de mise en place de ce genre de système et de souligner les nouvelles problématiques qui n'apparaissait pas auparavant dans les systèmes mono- transcepteur. Aussi, un algorithme de Formation de Faisceau a été développé dans cette partie. Ce FF numérique a permis non seulement d'accroître la capacité mais aussi la qualité de liaison en considérant le système MIMO comme N système SIMO en parallèle. Comparativement à la technique ZF(Zero Forcing), nous démontrons que le FF permet d'obtenir une meilleure qualité de signaux pour des faibles valeurs de rapport signal à bruit.
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Filice, Francesco. « Solutions innovantes d'antennes en bande Ku- et Ka- en technologie d’impression 3-D pour la réalisation des réseaux phasés visant des applications 5G et des communications mobiles par satellite ». Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4023.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L'utilisation exponentielle d’applications mobiles entraîne une demande en constante croissance pour des débits de données de plus en plus élevés associées à des solutions de télécommunications mobiles à faible coût. Alors que les réseaux 5G en sont encore à leur début, les télécommunications mobiles par satellite (Sat-Com-On-The-Move) peuvent jouer un rôle central dans cette problématique. La bande passante disponible dans les bandes de fréquences Ku- (10,75-14,5 GHz) et Ka- (18-31 GHz) pour ces applications peut être exploitée afin de fournir une connexion internet globale à haut débit et faible coût. Des entreprises comme SpaceX déploient actuellement de grandes constellations de satellites positionnées sur des orbites terrestres basses et pouvant répondre à ces besoins. Néanmoins, le prix et le facteur de forme des terminaux utilisateurs à réflecteur motorisé existants restent les principaux goulots d'étranglement pour rendre ces technologies abordables à une grande partie de consommateurs. La bande passante opérationnelle atteignable par les éléments rayonnants intégrés à faible profil (i.e. réseaux d’antennes à fentes) étant limité, la plupart des solutions existantes divisent la transmission (Tx) et la réception (Rx) dans deux panneaux rayonnants différents ce qui impose un coût relativement élevé pour les utilisateurs finaux. L'objectif de cette thèse consiste à développer des solutions d'antennes innovantes à faible coût et à large bande, notamment des antennes patch à couplage par fente et des antennes à guides d'ondes nervurés fabriqués avec des circuits imprimés standard (PCB) et par impression 3D en métal. Ces antennes sont censées couvrir la totalité de la bande Ku et Ka afin de permettre la création de terminaux utilisateur Sat-Com-On-The-Move à faible encombrement capables d'effectuer à la fois les fonctions Rx et Tx à l'aide d'un seul panneau antennaire. Une attention particulière est accordée à la possibilité d'intégrer ces éléments rayonnants dans de petits réseaux à utiliser comme cellule unitaire pour la réalisation de plus grands, en envisageant la possibilité d'atteindre les niveaux de gain requis par ce type de télécommunicationsThe increasing use of mobile applications leads to a growing demand for higher data-rates and low-cost mobile telecommunication solutions. While 5G networks are still at their early stages, a central role can be played by the mobile satellite telecommunications (Sat-Com-On-The-Move). The frequency bandwidth available at Ku- (10.75-14.5 GHz) and Ka- (18-31 GHz) bands for these applications can be leveraged in order to provide worldwide, high-speed and low-cost internet connections. Companies like SpaceX are actually deploying large satellite constellations required to work at Low Earth Orbits and offer such services. Nevertheless, the price and the form factor of the traditional motorized reflector-based user terminals remain the main bottlenecks in order to make these technologies affordable to the mass-market consumers. The limited operational bandwidth of the radiating elements integrated in their low-profile alternatives (i.e. slotted waveguide antenna arrays) actually obliges to split transmission (Tx) and reception (Rx) in two different panels, keeping a relatively high cost for the end-users. The objective of this thesis is to develop innovative low-cost and wideband antenna solutions, notably microstrip aperture coupled patch and double ridged waveguide antennas, to be respectively realized by standard Printed Circuit Board (PCB) and metal 3-D printing. These antennas are meant to cover the whole Ku- and Ka- band in order to allow the creation low-profile Sat-Com-On-The-Move user terminals able to perform both Rx and Tx using a single antenna panel. A particular attention is given to the possibility to integrate these radiating element in small arrays to be used as unit cell for the realization of larger ones, envisaging the possibility to achieve the levels of gain required by this kind of telecommunications
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Cupal, Miroslav. « Komponenty na bázi vlnovodu integrovaného do textilu ». Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-432454.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Práce je zaměřena na výzkum struktur založených na vlnovodu integrovaném do textilu (TIW). Pozornost je věnována elektrické charakterizaci textilních materiálů (textilní substráty, nitě), které jsou využívány při implementaci antén, rekonfigurovatelných a aktivních obvodů integrovaných do textilu. Práce se zabývá návrhem vícevrstvých přechodů mezi mikropáskovým vedením na konvenčním substrátu a vedeními integrovanými do textilu. Dále je prezentován koncept přepínače integrovaného do textilu. Přepínač je řízen vodivými sloupky, které vytvářejí otevřenou či zavřenou stěnu prostřednictvím stejnosměrně ovládaných PIN diod. Na závěr je formulována metodika návrhu kruhově polarizovaných antén integrovaných do textilu, jež jsou určeny pro práci v ISM pásmech až do 24 GHz. Všechny postupy návrhu byly ověřeny simulacemi a měřeními reálných vzorků, které byly vyrobeny sítotiskem stříbrnou polymerovou pastou. Polovodičové komponenty byly k obvodům přilepeny vodivým stříbrným lepidlem. Komponenty vyrobené sítotiskem byly porovnávány s referenčními strukturami, které byly realizovány pomocí samolepicí měděné fólie.
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Bossi, Luca. « A novel microwave imaging RADAR for anti-personnel landmine detection and its integration on a multi-sensor robotic scanner ». Doctoral thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1272665.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Per mezzo del finanziamento ottenuto con il progetto North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Science for Peace and Security (NATO SPS) G-5014 è stata sviluppata una piattaforma robotica multi-sensore in grado di individuare oggetti sepolti plastici e metallici e generare dati per la successiva classificazione degli ordigni attraverso l’analisi di operatori specializzati. Utilizzare una piattaforma robotica permette di aumentare la sicurezza per gli operatori, perché completamente controllabile in remoto tramite un’interfaccia software web e permette di utilizzare diversi sensori per massimizzare la probabilità di rivelazione delle mine, mantenendo minima la probabilità di ricevere falsi allarmi.
I sensori principali installati sono due RADAR operanti nello spettro delle microonde ( ≃2 GHz): un UWB Ground Penetrating RADAR (GPR), sviluppato appositamente per rilevare la posizione dell’oggetto sepolto all’interno dell’area illuminata, capace di rilevare oggetti sepolti durante il moto della piattaforma e un Holographic Subsurface RADAR (HSR), operante ad onda continua e singola frequenza, in grado di generare immagini olografiche che permettono di osservare la forma e le dimensioni degli oggetti sepolti nei primi 15 - 20 cm del sottosuolo e, tramite l’elaborazione con algoritmi di inversione del campo elettromegnetico, permette di ricostruire la scena tridimensionale che si trova di fronte all’apertura sintetica del RADAR. Le immagini che genera questo dispositivo consentono di discriminare gli ordigni da altri oggetti riflettenti le microonde ma del tutto inoffensivi (clutter). Il HSR progettato nel corso del progetto NATO SPS G-5014 costituisce un primo prototipo che soddisfava i requisiti richiesti dal progetto. Il frutto di questo lavoro ha riscosso interesse nella comunità scentifica e presso NATO SPS, generando un seguito: il progetto NATO SPS G-5731, tutt’ora in corso. Nell’ambito di quest’ultimo progetto si colloca il mio lavoro: ho contribuito allo sviluppo di un sistema RADAR per immagini a microonde in grado di migliorare, in termini di qualità di immagini prodotte (incrementando il rapporto segnale-rumore e la risoluzione) e di profondità di penetrazione (studiando le caratteristiche elettromagnetiche del suolo di interesse), le prestazioni del HSR. Mi sono occupato di individuare i parametri su cui poter intervenire: la risoluzione ottenibile applicando la matematica dell’olografia, le tecniche e gli algoritmi di inversione del campo elettromagnetico, lo studio dell’ambiente elettromagnetico irradiato e i requisiti dell’elemento radiante (tipo di antenna, forma, dimensioni, potenza irradiata) reailzzandone uno con la tecnologia della stampa tridimensionale. Ho valutato e studiato una soluzione per migliorare la compatibilità elettromagnetica con il sistema robotico su cui dovrà operare il RADAR. Per realizzare un prototipo funzionante mi sono occupato di definire i requisiti dell’elettronica di pilotaggio e della programmazione dei dispositivi implementati. Questo testo si conclude con la dimostrazione, mediante l’esposizione di prove sperimentali in ambiente controllato, delle prestazioni del nuovo RADAR, evidenziandone le differenze rispetto al HSR originale.
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Thanks to the funding obtained with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Science for Peace and Security (NATO SPS) G-5014 project, a multi-sensor robotic platform was developed capable of identifying buried plastic and metal objects and generating data for subsequent classification. of ordnance through the analysis of specialized operators. Using a robotic platform allows you to increase safety for operators, because it can be completely remotely controlled via a web software interface and allows you to use different sensors to maximize the probability of mine detection, while keeping the probability of receiving false alarms to a minimum.
The main sensors installed are two RADARs operating in the microwave spectrum (≃2 GHz): a UWB Ground Penetrating RADAR (GPR), specially developed to detect the position of the buried object within the illuminated area, capable of detecting buried objects during the motion of the platform and a Holographic Subsurface RADAR (HSR), operating at continuous wave and single frequency, capable of generating holographic images that allow to observe the shape and dimensions of the objects buried in the first 15 - 20 cm of the subsoil and, through the processing with electromagnetic field inversion algorithms, it allows to reconstruct the three-dimensional scene that is in front of the synthetic opening of the RADAR. The images that this device generates allow to discriminate the bombs from other objects reflecting the microwaves but completely harmless (clutter). The HSR designed during the NATO SPS G-5014 project constitutes a first prototype that met the requirements of the project. The fruit of this work has attracted interest in the scientific community and at NATO SPS, generating a sequel: the NATO SPS G-5731 project, which is still underway. My work is part of this last project: I contributed to the development of a RADAR system for microwave images capable of improving, in terms of the quality of images produced (by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution) and depth of penetration (studying the electromagnetic characteristics of the soil of interest), the performance of the HSR. I worked on identifying the parameters on which to intervene: the resolution obtainable by applying the mathematics of holography, the techniques and algorithms of electromagnetic field inversion, the study of the radiated electromagnetic environment and the requirements of the radiant element (type of antenna , shape, size, radiated power) by realizing one with the technology of three-dimensional printing. I have evaluated and studied a solution to improve the electromagnetic compatibility with the robotic system on which the RADAR will have to operate. To create a working prototype, I worked on defining the requirements of the driving electronics and programming of the implemented devices. This text ends with the demonstration, through the display of experimental tests in a controlled environment, of the performance of the new RADAR, highlighting the differences compared to the original HSR.
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Su, Zhen. « 3D Near Isotropic Antenna in Package for IoT Applications ». Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/665969.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging paradigm about building a massive internet to link billions of non-living things to make smart decisions for humans and improve their quality of life. For many of IoT devices, such as wireless sensor nodes dispersed in the environment, there is not much control over their placements or orientations. Thus, there is a need to develop orientation insensitive antennas that ensure reliable data transmission irrespective of devices’ positions or orientations.
As billions of such IoT devices required in the future, a low-cost fabrication process suitable for mass manufacturing must be adapted. Antenna in package (AiP) concept is beneficial that the package is utilized to realize the antennas, not only saving space but also reducing the overall cost. For orientation insensitivity, antennas must be near isotropic and even have to maintain their radiation pattern for multi-bands or wide bandwidths in most applications. However, there is a dearth in the literature about design methodologies for near isotropic antennas, particularly for multi-bands near isotropic AiP designs. In addition, a near isotropic behavior is also important for polarization, particularly for CP antennas. To have simultaneous isotropy in radiation pattern and circular polarization is challenging.
In the nut shell, this thesis presents theoretical models and derives conditions for wire
AiP design for different specifications, single-band and dual-band near isotropic antennas, null free near isotropic antenna with wide CP coverage, and a full CP antenna with decent near isotropy (with very narrow null beam). The single-band AiP has only 5.05 dB gain variation at WiFi/BLE band and the dual-band AiP has a decent near isotropic radiation property and covers both GSM900 and GSM1800 bands. The theoretical model for null-free near isotropic antenna with wide CP coverage is presented with particle swarm optimization (PSO). The full CP antenna has a measured CP coverage of 70% with a small null in the radiation pattern. The results are promising and indicate that the conditions and methods proposed are useful for the future near isotropic AiP design. Also, this work provides designers flexibility to adjust the AiP design according to their own applications.
44
Wu, Shih-Huang, et 吳適煌. « Applications of Measurement of 3D Antenna Patterns and Evaluation of Antenna Characteristics ». Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49877614933923342767.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
電子工程系
95
Usually, E-plane and H-plane polar patterns are used to represent the antenna radiation characteristics. But 3D antenna pattern has capability to exhibit more radiation characteristics than 2D patterns such as peak gain, directivity, total radiated power, and radiation efficiency, because 2D polar patterns containing only two cuts can not exhibit the spatial characteristics completely. In this thesis, two methods of 3D antenna pattern measurement (Conical-Cut Method and Great-Circle Method), which can contain 35 cuts to exhibit spatial characteristics more completely, are introduced and discussed. Besides, a simple and fast alternative approach utilizing 2D patterns to construct 3D patterns is presented, due to a higher cost of the build and longer test duration of 3D pattern measurement. Revolving the E1-plane pattern around the Z-axis along the trace of H-plane pattern can obtain other E-plane patterns to construct a similar 3D pattern. The measured 3D pattern and the calculated 3D pattern using 2D patterns will be analyzed and discussed. The peak gain may not occur at either three plane patterns. If only plane patterns are measured, the peak gain might be missed. The antenna radiation efficiency has to be obtained by either the 3D pattern measurement or calculation. The study cases in this thesis, the deviation of efficiency is within 12%. In addition, an application for a WLAN/WiMAX antenna is discussed, from the antenna design to measurement and calculated of 3D antenna patterns, and the antenna characteristics obtained by them are analyzed and compared. Detail designs of the proposed antenna are described. The measured and calculated 3D patterns as well as antenna characteristics are also analyzed.
45
Pires, Diogo Rafael Pinto. « 3D antenna arrays design for WPT systems ». Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/29581.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The emerging concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) networks and smart
cities, together with the constant innovation of wireless communications
systems, presents a fundamental requirement, which is the capability of
tracking, establish and maintain radio links with several targets, which can
or can not be in motion. These demands results in the need to develop
antennas capable of robust tracking and realize a full azimuth coverage.
This dissertation focuses on the development and behavior characterization
of different Three-Dimensional (3D) antenna arrays structures. The
purpose of this alternative design comes from the advantages that it can
bring in applications that would benefit from the possibility of having an
antenna with considerable gain, capable of transmitting/receive signals or
energy to/from all directions. However, the main goal of this dissertation
consists on evaluating the viability of these antenna arrays implementation
in Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) systems, with the primary goal of
feed passive or low-power sensors, which can be scattered over a wide area.
In order to obtain a functional system, the conceived 3D arrays will be fabricated
and tested in phases. First, it will be necessary to design and test
individually, the antennas that will constitute the array. Then, to study the
overall array characteristics, simulations will be performed. Lastly, measurements
will be performed in the prototyped 3D antenna arrays. A setup
system that intends to simulate a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) will be
used.
The developed antenna arrays have proven to be a reliable solution if implemented
in these systems, since they are able to ensure a full azimuth
coverage and so, feed passive or low-power sensors, regardless of their position
over the 360 azimuth angles.Os conceitos emergentes das redes da Internet das coisas e cidades inteligentes, juntamente com a constante inovação que se tem verificado nos sistemas de comunicação sem os, apresentam um requisito fundamental: a capacidade de detetar, estabelecer e manter ligações de r adio com vários utilizadores, que podem ou não encontrar-se em movimento. Projetar antenas dotadas de uma cobertura robusta torna-se pois, uma necessidade prioritária para otimizar a performance destes sistemas. Desta forma, o principal objetivo desta dissertação foca-se no desenvolvimento de diferentes agregados de antenas tridimensionais e posterior validação do seu funcionamento, quando implementados num cenário real. O propósito deste projeto alternativo provem da existência de diversas aplicações que iriam beneficiar da existência de uma antena com ganho considerável, capaz de transmitir/receber sinais ou energia de/para todas as direções. No entanto, o principal objetivo do presente trabalho, consiste em avaliar a viabilidade da implementação destes agregados em sistemas de transmissão de energia sem os, nomeadamente, verificar se podem ser utilizados para alimentar sensores passivos ou de baixa potência que se podem encontrar espalhados por uma vasta área. A fim de se obter um sistema funcional, os agregados projetados serão fabricados e testados por partes. Em primeiro lugar será necessário validar o funcionamento das antenas que irão constituir os agregados. Seguidamente, serão realizadas simulações que permitam estudar algumas características dos agregados desenvolvidos. Por último, medições vão ser efetuadas aos agregados fabricados. Um setup de medida irá ser usado com o objetivo de simular uma rede de sensores sem fios. Os agregados desenvolvidos provaram ser uma solução válida, caso sejam implementados neste tipo de sistemas, uma vez que, são capazes de assegurar uma cobertura robusta ao longo de todo o plano azimute, o que lhes permite alimentar sensores passivos ou de baixa potência, independentemente da sua posição ao longo dos 360 graus deste plano.
Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicações
46
WU, SIN-YAN, et 吳欣燕. « Design of Lens Antenna Using 3D Printing Technology ». Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/svrneq.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士國立中正大學
電機工程研究所
105
This thesis focuses on the designs of lens antenna using 3D printing based on the geometric optics methods. Comparing with the conventional antennas, the lens antenna can provide wide range of scanning capabilities and higher gain while side lobes and back lobes are relatively smaller. The lens structures designed for 2.4 GHz and 24 GHz are fabricated by stereolithography 3D printing technology. The energy will be converged on the antenna through the lens, resulting in 1 ~ 2 dBi gain imrpovement. In addition, the lens integrated with the antenna packaging cap is also proposed in this work. Three different packaging caps are investigated, and the measurement results show that the gains from all three cases are slightly improved. The final topic is to design the Fresnel lens, aiming for the weight and size reduction comparing to the conventional lens. The gain difference with and without lens is 1.3 dBi. To verify the fabrication precision, the scanning probe microscopy is applied to scan the surface profile of the lens. With this real fabricated surface profile,the post simulation is thus conducted to compare the measurement results.
47
CHUN, LIANG LIU, et 劉俊良. « Research of 3D Planar Printed Antenna With Silver Paste ». Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16786130276462294220.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士中華科技大學
航空機械系飛機系統工程碩士在職專班
103
This study was focused on the antenna produced with silver paste for wireless communication systems. The structure of our antenna included a horn-shape emitter and two symmetrical ground surfaces. The main reasons to fabricate antenna by using silver plastic were 1. reducing the use of chemical solvents for promoting environmental protection 2. changing the traditional 2D shape-changing fabricating method to 3D thickness-changing method. The antenna proposed in this paper could be operated at the frequency of 2.85GHz and 4.85GHz. The 4.85GHz frequency bands were suitable for the application of DS-UWB (Direct Sequence Ultra WideBand) system. Keywords: Antenna, Silver Paste
48
Su, Hong-Yi, et 蘇弘易. « Design of a Miniature Multiband 3D Antenna for Wireless Applications ». Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jrzf6g.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士國立彰化師範大學
電信工程學研究所
106
In this thesis, we will combine PIFA antenna, slots, folded construct and set a fixed width and height at 4 mm. reaching three bands at LTE Band 24 (1626.5 ~1660.5 MHz)、Bluetooth (2.4~2.4835 GHz)、WLAN IEEE 802.11ac ( 5.735~5.825 GHz) In addition, we hope this antenna could apply on a protable device, its radiation pattern should be omni-directional and max gain supposed to be 3~4 dBi. However, we found that Antenna’s max gains are small beside high frequency.
49
Coelho, Vítor Manuel Sousa. « 3D-Printed wide beamwidth lens antennas ». Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/33655.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The recent evolution of radio communications combined with innovative manufacturing
techniques, such as 3D printing, has driven antennas development and
implementation of new structures made of unusual materials. An example of this
type of evolution are the lens antennas.
Lens antennas are always associated with a source antenna (usually a microstrip
patch antenna) and allow changing the source antenna’s radiation characteristics
(varying the gain or directivity). Thus, lenses can improve the performance of
some types of communication systems, such as phased arrays, which are used for
beamforming. However, they have some limitations in coverage due to the array
elements having low directivity. The use of a lens antenna changes the radiation
diagram to obtain a wider beamwidth and is a potential solution to the problem
of phased arrays.
Throughout this dissertation, was studied the possibility of using lens antennas
to change the radiation beam and increase the beamwidth of a simple microstrip
patch antenna. For this purpose, simulations of several lens antenna structures
were performed with a patch antenna (calibrated for 7.8GHz) to determine the
array’s behavior and verify if it is possible to increase the beamwidth.
One of the requirements to produce prototypes of lens antennas with 3D printing is
knowing the electrical characteristics of the manufacturing materials (PLA, PETG,
and nylon), more precisely, their dielectric constant. For that several samples of
these materials were characterized considering different manufacturing conditions.
The last step is the fabrication, by 3D printing, of prototype antennas using different
materials and fabrication conditions. Nine lenses (six with a single material
structure and three with several different materials) and seven patch antennas (five
linearly polarized and two circularly polarized) were fabricated.
Finally, was made a comparative study of the results obtained by simulation with
the measurements performed in an anechoic chamber for both the patch antennas
and the lens antenna array.A recente evolução das radiocomunicações combinada com as inovadoras técnicas de fabrico, como a impressão 3D, impulsionaram o desenvolvimento e implementação de antenas com novas estruturas fabricadas com materiais incomuns. Um exemplo deste tipo de evolução são as antenas lente. As antenas lente estão sempre associadas a uma antena fonte (usualmente uma antena microstrip patch) e permitem alterar as caraterísticas de radiação (variar o ganho ou a directividade) da antena fonte. Assim, as lentes podem ser usadas para melhorar o desempenho de alguns tipos de sistema radiantes, como por exemplo o caso dos phased arrays, utilizados para fazer beamforming. No entanto, estes apresentam algumas limitações de cobertura, devido aos seus elementos do array terem ganho diretivo variável na zona de interesse. A utilização duma antena lente faz com que ocorra a alteração do diagrama de radiação de modo a obter uma maior largura de feixe podendo ser uma solução para referida limitação. Ao longo desta dissertação foi estudada a possibilidade de se utilizarem lentes para aumentar a largura de feixe de uma simples antena microstrip patch. Para isso, foram estudadas e realizadas simulações de várias estruturas de antenas lente com uma antena patch (calibrada para os 7.8GHz) com o intuito de determinar qual o comportamento do conjunto e verificar a possibilidade de tornar mais uniforme o diagrama de radiação no semi-espaço pretendido . A produção de protótipos de antenas lente com a impressão 3D requer o conhecimento das características elétricas dos materiais de fabrico (PLA, PETG e nylon), mais precisamente sua constate dielétrica. Para tal, foi feita uma caracterização de várias amostras desses materiais tendo em conta diferentes condições de fabrico. A última etapa foi a fabricação, por impressão 3D, de protótipos de antenas e lentes, utilizando diferentes materiais e condições de fabrico. No total foram fabricadas nove lentes (seis com uma estrutura de um único material e três com vários materiais distintos) e sete antenas patch (cinco de polarização linear e duas de polarização circular). Finalmente foi feito um estudo comparativo dos resultados obtidos por simulação com as medidas realizadas em câmara anecoica tanto para as antenas patch, como para o conjunto antena lente.
Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicações
50
Lu, Shih-Nan, et 陸蒔楠. « A Design For Three-Dimensional Multi-Antenna Array Using 3D Printing Technology ». Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5p8ea7.
Texte intégralRésumé :
博士淡江大學
電機工程學系博士班
102
Designing a good RF antenna has been a very obscure topic for mobile phones designers. Phone''s appearance is cannot too large it will affect the use and convenience to carry on. But today''s smart phones have many different features advertised. In addition to mobile radio communications for basic call function and transfer data, most of them are equipped with wireless Internet (WiFi), Bluetooth (Bluetooth), Global Positioning System (GPS) and other functions, recently added Near Field Communication (NFC) , the wireless charging (Qi) will be added in the near future. So many different "wireless" feature in addition to means that users can very easily make their own portable devices to connect and exchange information with other kinds of devices, but also the design of this device allows engineers hard to try in such a small area to place so many groups of antennas, and cannot interfere with each other. If in the original two-dimensional plane could not find the extra space to put so many antennas, but we cannot reduce any of the product features, whether we can make multiple sets of three-dimensional arrangement of the antenna? In this article a two-stage plan that we envisioned for antenna design improvements. We hope to be in the first stage of the initial antenna design we can rapid design and verification, the antenna can be designed depending on the needs of a variety of different shapes, but the performance approached the industry''s needs. The second stage is the use of newer manufacturing methods to produce the products which we want and further hope to combine different materials it will could reduce the size of the antenna let it can be applied in the future in portable devices. Through the two-stage step, we will be able to significantly reduce the design schedule and found the errors early in design period, and can reduce expenses during design. In addition, we also practiced the simulations for insulating material impact on antenna design and testing of antenna isolation status these data are the antenna design is very useful information.