Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Anolis auratus »

En los bosques secos tropicales (BST), los Anolis son el grupo de lagartos que presentan los valores más altos de abundancia y diversidad en algunos tipos de hábitat, sin embargo, la información y el conocimiento que se tiene sobre este grupo y sus interacciones ecológicas aún es escasa. Se registró información sobre el uso de recursos espaciales y alimenticios de cinco especies de estas lagartijas, con el fin de realizar un análisis unificado de traslape de nicho en tres coberturas del suelo (bosque de ribera, interior de bosque y vegetación abierta) en la vereda la Flecha, San Jacinto, Bolívar. Se encontró que, tanto en la época seca como en lluvias, los valores de traslape alimenticio fueron menores que para los recursos espaciales, resultados que favorecen la hipótesis de complementariedad de nicho y que podrían indicar que, en ambas épocas climáticas, los recursos limitantes para el ensamblaje de Anolis en el área de estudio serían los alimenticios. Los valores de traslape espacial por pares de especies indicaron que A. auratus fue estadísticamente diferente en el uso de los recursos espaciales a las otras especies. En ambas épocas climáticas, el par de especies que presentó los valores más altos de traslape tanto para los recursos espaciales y alimenticios fueron A. gaigei y A. gr. fuscoauratus. Los resultados de esta investigación muestran que las estrategias de coexistencias de las especies de Anolis son importantes para la estructuración de estas lagartijas en el BST en los Montes de María, Caribe colombiano.

In the small intestinal mucosa of healthy adult mammals proliferating cell are confined to the crypts of Lieberkiihn. Earlier radioautographic studies identified proliferative cells in the small intestine of several non-mammalian vertebrates. However, it is still not clear whether cell renewal is confined to proliferative compartment within the small intestinal mucosa in non-mammalian vertebrates. In the present study proliferative cells were identified using an immunological marker of cell proliferation, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the small intestine of several non-mammalian vertebrate species, including birds (zebrafinch, Poephila guttata), reptiles (green anole, Anolis carolinensis), amphibia (axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum), and fishes (goldfish, Carassius auratus).Segments of the small intestine were fixed in 4% formaldehyde in 0.86 M phosphate buffer, pH=7.2 and embedded in paraffin. Deparaffinized and rehydrated sections were microwaved in citrate buffer. The immunohistochemical detection method used in this study based on the capillary action principle, as developed by Brigati.

Abstract To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of red-green color vision in mammals, we have cloned and sequenced the red and green opsin cDNAs of cat (Felis catus), horse (Equus caballus), gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). These opsins were expressed in COS1 cells and reconstituted with 11-cis-retinal. The purified visual pigments of the cat, horse, squirrel, deer, and guinea pig have λmax values at 553, 545, 532, 531, and 516 nm, respectively, which are precise to within ±1 nm. We also regenerated the “true” red pigment of goldfish (Carassius auratus), which has a λmax value at 559 ± 4 nm. Multiple linear regression analyses show that S180A, H197Y, Y277F, T285A, and A308S shift the λmax values of the red and green pigments in mammals toward blue by 7, 28, 7, 15, and 16 nm, respectively, and the reverse amino acid changes toward red by the same extents. The additive effects of these amino acid changes fully explain the red-green color vision in a wide range of mammalian species, goldfish, American chameleon (Anolis carolinensis), and pigeon (Columba livia).

<p>Con el fin de caracterizar la distribución horizontal (repartición de los hábitats) y la utilización del recurso alimentario (tipo y tamaño de las presas) del ensamblaje de reptiles del bosque seco estacional al norte de la región Caribe de Colombia, en el departamento del Cesar, se realizaron cinco salidas de campo con una duración de doce días cada una. Los muestreos se realizaron en jornadas diurnas y nocturnas, en un diseño de transectos replicados a lo largo de diferentes hábitats que incluyeron: pastizales, bordes e interiores de bosque. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos de uso de hábitat en un perfil de vegetación por cada época climática y análisis de amplitud y sobreposición de nicho. Se registraron 38 especies de 14 familias del orden Squamata. Las especies se distribuyeron de manera homogénea entre zonas abiertas y boscosas. Se encontraron registros de 31 categorías de presa en 109 estómagos de seis especies de serpientes (61 estómagos) y siete de lagartos (48 estómagos) con un porcentaje de estómagos vacíos de 38 %. Las presas de mayor importancia para los lagartos fueron Coleoptera y Araneae, y para las serpientes fueron los anfibios. La mayoría de las especies presentaron un amplio espectro de dieta y entre especies similares, como entre Anolis auratus y A. gaigei, se presentó uso de recursos similares. En síntesis, el ensamblaje de reptiles presentó una distribución homogénea en los hábitats evaluados (áreas abiertas y boscosas) y el recurso alimentario fue variado entre las diferentes especies; la estacionalidad de la zona presenta un papel fundamental en la estructura del ensamblaje de reptiles, presentándose menos abundancia durante la época seca, tanto en las áreas abiertas como en las boscosas.</p><p><strong>Reptiles from the Seasonal Dry Forest the Caribbean Region: Distribution of Habitat and use of Food Resource</strong></p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>We assessed the horizontal distribution and use of the food resource of the reptile’s assemblage of the seasonal tropical dry forest in the North of the Caribbean region of Colombia, department of Cesar. Five fieldtrips of 12 days each were performed, sampling was diurnal and nocturnal, following a transect design replicated along different habitats including grasslands, edge and interior of forest. We performed descriptive analyzes of habitat use, using a profile of vegetation by each climatic period; we also did an analysis of amplitude and niche overlap. We recorded 38 species of 14 families of the Squamata order. Species distributed evenly between open and forested areas. Record of 31 categories of prey in 109 stomachs of six species snakes (61 stomachs) and seven of lizards (48 stomachs) with a percentage of empty stomachs of 38 % was found. The preys of greater importance for the lizards were Coleoptera and Araneae and for snakes, amphibians. Most of the species presented a wide range of diet and between similar species, such as Anolis auratus and A. gaigei, found a similar use of resources. In summary, the assembly of reptiles presented a homogeneous distribution in the habitats evaluated (forested and open areas) and the food resource varied among the different species; the seasonality of the area plays a fundamental role on the structure of this reptile assembly with less abundance during the dry season in both, open and forested habitats.</p>

Se presenta un listado preliminar de la herpetofauna de los municipios de Tumaco y Francisco Pizarro, departamento de Nariño, Colombia, ubicados al sur del Chocó biogeográfico, basado en datos de campo y búsquedas en base de datos y literatura. Registramos 25 especies de anfibios y 55 de reptiles, siendo las familias Hylidae y Craugastoridae (anfibios) y las familias Colubridae y Dactyloidae (reptiles) las de mayor riqueza, patrón similar al observado a escala global. Se reportan dos nuevos registros de especies para Colombia (Pristimantis walkeri y Scinax tsachila), así como extensiones de distribución geográfica (Allobates talamancae, Anolis auratus, Dendropsophus ebraccatus, Gonatodes albogularis y Scinax sugillatus). Las curvas de acumulación de especies y la cobertura de muestreo revelan que se necesitan más estudios de campo para complementar esta lista, especialmente los estudios que utilizan metodologías enfocadas en especies acuáticas y fosoriales, y que podría haber un efecto de la deforestación en la diversidad de la herpetofauna, lo cual concuerda con la falta de anfibios de dosel y la presencia exclusiva de especies asociadas a la hojarasca o al interior del bosque en las localidades con mejor cobertura vegetal.

Serotonin (5-HT)-containing neuroepithelial cells (NECs) of the gill filament are believed to be the primary O2 chemosensors in fish. In the mammalian carotid body (CB), 5-HT is one of many neurotransmitters believed to play a role in transduction of hypoxic stimuli, with acetylcholine (ACh) being the primary fast-acting excitatory neurotransmitter. Immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy was used to observe the presence of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), a marker for the presence of ACh, and its associated innervation in the gills of zebrafish. VAChT-positive cells were observed primarily along the afferent side of the filament, with some cells receiving extrabranchial innervation. No VAChT-positive cells were observed in the gills of goldfish; however, certain key morphological differences in the innervation of goldfish gills was observed, as compared to zebrafish. In addition, in zebrafish NECs, whole-cell current is dominated by an O2-sensitive background K+ current; however, this is just one of several currents observed in the mammalian CB. In zebrafish NECs and the CB, membrane depolarization in response to hypoxia, mediated by inhibition of the background K+ (KB) channels, is believed to lead to activation of voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV) channels and Ca2+-dependent neurosecretion. Using patch-clamp electrophysiology, I discovered several ion channel types not previously observed in the gill chemosensors, including Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa), voltage-dependent K+ (KV), and voltage-activated Ca2+ (CaV) channels. Under whole-cell patch-clamp conditions, the goldfish NECs did not respond to hypoxia (PO2 ~ 11 mmHg). Employing ratiometric calcium imaging and an activity-dependent fluorescent vital dye, I observed that intact goldfish NECs respond to hypoxia (PO2 ~ 11 mmHg) with an increase in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and increased synaptic vesicle activity. The results of these experiments demonstrate that (1) ACh appears to play a role in the zebrafish, but not goldfish gill, (2) goldfish NECs likely signal hypoxic stimuli primarily via the central nervous system (CNS), (3) goldfish NECs express a broad range of ion channels as compared to the NECs of zebrafish, and (4) goldfish NECs rely on some cytosolic factor(s) when responding to hypoxia (PO2 ~ 11 mmHg). This thesis represents a further step in the study of neurochemical and physiological adaptations to tolerance of extreme hypoxia.

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Oral squamous cell carcinoma is among the six most common cancers in the world. For half of the diagnosed cases, oral cancer is a fatal disease, and those who survive often are disfigured and life quality becomes highly compromised. In this sense, one of the main allies for possible pharmacological therapy testing is the animal model, in this case, the hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis model. This experimental model has been used with great success over the last 60 years. However the different protocols found in the literature sometimes have incomplete information. Thus, in the first part of this work we conducted a review of the animal model over the last 60 years, analyzing important technical parameters, such as: 1 - The hamster strains used;2 - The gender of animals; 3 - The age of the animals at the beginning of the induction protocol; 4 - The buccal pouch that was used for induction; 5 – The different types of carcinogens used; 6 – The concentrations of these carcinogens; 7 – The solvents used to dilute the carcinogen; 8 - The number of applications per week; 9 - The different applying systems; and 10 - The length of the exposure protocol used to induce carcinogenic lesions or cancer. After this study, we used a modified carcinogenic model to induce precancerous lesions in the hamster buccal pouch mucosa. In this experimental model we tested a novel pharmacological alternative used to treat different types of cancers. Sunitinib is a multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor that acts on endothelial cells and pericytes inhibiting the process of angiogenesis which is essential for tumor growth. The second study evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively the morphological effects that sunitinib had in precancerous lesions induced by DMBA in the hamster buccal pouch mucosa. Moreover we evaluate different clinical parameters of these animals. Our main results with respect to the second study were: 1 - Sunitinib was not able to reverse the decrease in body weight gain induced by DMBA; - 2 Sunitinib was able to inhibit tumor growth and ulceration induced by DMBA; 3 - Sunitinib was able to reverse the increase in epithelial rete ridges induced by DMBA. Thus, sunitinib can be considered an effective agent for chemoprevention, being an interesting alternative for further studies in a more advanced stage of oral cancer in the hamster buccal pouch or similar model.
O câncer bucal de células escamosas está entre os seis cânceres mais comuns no mundo. Para metade dos casos diagnosticados, o câncer bucal é uma doença fatal, e para aqueles que sobrevivem geralmente trata-se de uma patologia mutiladora, na qual a qualidade de vida torna-se bastante comprometida. Neste sentido, um dos principais aliados para o teste de possíveis terapias farmacológicas para o tratamento desta patologia é o uso de modelos animais, destacando-se o modelo de indução de câncer bucal na mucosa da bolsa jugal de hamster sírio dourado. Este modelo experimental tem sido utilizado com bastante sucesso ao longo dos últimos 60 anos. Contudo os diferentes protocolos encontrados na literatura científica apresentam informações muitas vezes incompletas. Deste modo, na primeira parte deste trabalho realizamos uma revisão deste modelo animal ao longo dos últimos 60 anos, analisando importantes parâmetros técnicos deste modelo, como por exemplo: 1 - As linhagens de hamsters utilizadas; 2 - O gênero dos animais utilizados; 3 - A idade dos animais no início do tratamento com agente carcinogênico; 4 - A hemiface do animal que é predominantemente utilizada para a indução de câncer bucal;5 - Os diferentes tipos de agentes carcinogênicos utilizados neste modelo experimental; 6 - As diferentes concentrações destes agentes carcinogênicos; 7 - Os solventes utilizados para diluição dos agentes carcinogênicos; 8 - O número de aplicações por semana; 9 - Os diferentes sistemas de aplicação do agente carcinogênico; e 10 - A determinação da extensão do período de exposição ao carcinógeno, que é responsável pela produção de lesões cancerizáveis ou indução tumoral. Após esta revisão de metodologia sistemática, utilizamos um modelo experimental modificado para a indução de lesões cancerizáveis. Neste modelo experimental testamos uma nova alternativa farmacológica utilizada para o tratamento de diferentes tipos de cânceres, o sunitinib, um inibidor múltiplo de tirosina quinase, que age nas células endoteliais e nos pericitos inibindo o processo de angiogênese que é essencial para o crescimento tumoral. Neste segundo estudo avaliamos qualitativamente e quantitativamente os efeitos morfológicos do sunitinib nas lesões cancerizáveis induzidas por DMBA na mucosa da bolsa jugal de hamster sírio dourado. Ademais avaliamos diferentes parâmetros clínicos destes animais. Nossos principais achados relativos ao segundo estudo foram: 1 - O sunitinib não foi capaz de reverter o decréscimo de ganho de peso corpóreo, induzido por DMBA; 2 - O sunitinib foi capaz de inibir o crescimento tumoral e a presença de ulcerações induzidas pelo DMBA; 3 - O sunitinib foi capaz de reverter o aumento de cristas epiteliais induzido por DMBA. Deste modo, o sunitinib pode ser considerado um agente efetivo para a quimioprevenção destes tumores, constituindo uma alternativa interessante para novos estudos, em estágios mais avançados desta patologia, utilizando o modelo de câncer bucal em bolsa jugal de hamster ou modelos similares.

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Oral squamous cell carcinoma is among the six most common cancers in the world. For half of the diagnosed cases, oral cancer is a fatal disease, and those who survive often are disfigured and life quality becomes highly compromised. In this sense, one of the main allies for possible pharmacological therapy testing is the animal model, in this case, the hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis model. This experimental model has been used with great success over the last 60 years. However the different protocols found in the literature sometimes have incomplete information. Thus, in the first part of this work we conducted a review of the animal model over the last 60 years, analyzing important technical parameters, such as: 1 The hamster strains used; 2 - The gender of animals; 3 - The age of the animals at the beginning of the induction protocol; 4 - The buccal pouch that was used for induction; 5 The different types of carcinogens used; 6 The concentrations of these carcinogens; 7 The solvents used to dilute the carcinogen; 8 - The number of applications per week; 9 - The different applying systems; and 10 - The length of the exposure protocol used to induce carcinogenic lesions or cancer. After this study, we used a modified carcinogenic model to induce precancerous lesions in the hamster buccal pouch mucosa. In this experimental model we tested a novel pharmacological alternative used to treat different types of cancers. Sunitinib is a multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor that acts on endothelial cells and pericytes inhibiting the process of angiogenesis which is essential for tumor growth. The second study evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively the morphological effects that sunitinib had in precancerous lesions induced by DMBA in the hamster buccal pouch mucosa. Moreover we evaluate different clinical parameters of these animals. Our main results with respect to the second study were: 1 - Sunitinib was not able to reverse the decrease in body weight gain induced by DMBA; - 2 Sunitinib was able to inhibit tumor growth and ulceration induced by DMBA; 3 - Sunitinib was able to reverse the increase in epithelial rete ridges induced by DMBA. Thus, sunitinib can be considered an effective agent for chemoprevention, being an interesting alternative for further studies in a more advanced stage of oral cancer in the hamster buccal pouch or similar model.
O c?ncer bucal de c?lulas escamosas est? entre os seis c?nceres mais comuns no mundo. Para metade dos casos diagnosticados, o c?ncer bucal ? uma doen?a fatal, e para aqueles que sobrevivem geralmente trata-se de uma patologia mutiladora, na qual a qualidade de vida torna-se bastante comprometida. Neste sentido, um dos principais aliados para o teste de poss?veis terapias farmacol?gicas para o tratamento desta patologia ? o uso de modelos animais, destacando-se o modelo de indu??o de c?ncer bucal na mucosa da bolsa jugal de hamster s?rio dourado. Este modelo experimental tem sido utilizado com bastante sucesso ao longo dos ?ltimos 60 anos. Contudo os diferentes protocolos encontrados na literatura cient?fica apresentam informa??es muitas vezes incompletas. Deste modo, na primeira parte deste trabalho realizamos uma revis?o deste modelo animal ao longo dos ?ltimos 60 anos, analisando importantes par?metros t?cnicos deste modelo, como por exemplo: 1 - As linhagens de hamsters utilizadas; 2 - O g?nero dos animais utilizados; 3 - A idade dos animais no in?cio do tratamento com agente carcinog?nico; 4 - A hemiface do animal que ? predominantemente utilizada para a indu??o de c?ncer bucal; 5 - Os diferentes tipos de agentes carcinog?nicos utilizados neste modelo experimental; 6 - As diferentes concentra??es destes agentes carcinog?nicos; 7 - Os solventes utilizados para dilui??o dos agentes carcinog?nicos; 8 - O n?mero de aplica??es por semana; 9 - Os diferentes sistemas de aplica??o do agente carcinog?nico; e 10 - A determina??o da extens?o do per?odo de exposi??o ao carcin?geno, que ? respons?vel pela produ??o de les?es canceriz?veis ou indu??o tumoral. Ap?s esta revis?o de metodologia sistem?tica, utilizamos um modelo experimental modificado para a indu??o de les?es canceriz?veis. Neste modelo experimental testamos uma nova alternativa farmacol?gica utilizada para o tratamento de diferentes tipos de c?nceres, o sunitinib, um inibidor m?ltiplo de tirosina quinase, que age nas c?lulas endoteliais e nos pericitos inibindo o processo de angiog?nese que ? essencial para o crescimento tumoral. Neste segundo estudo avaliamos qualitativamente e quantitativamente os efeitos morfol?gicos do sunitinib nas les?es canceriz?veis induzidas por DMBA na mucosa da bolsa jugal de hamster s?rio dourado. Ademais avaliamos diferentes par?metros cl?nicos destes animais. Nossos principais achados relativos ao segundo estudo foram: 1 - O sunitinib n?o foi capaz de reverter o decr?scimo de ganho de peso corp?reo, induzido por DMBA; 2 - O sunitinib foi capaz de inibir o crescimento tumoral e a presen?a de ulcera??es induzidas pelo DMBA; 3 - O sunitinib foi capaz de reverter o aumento de cristas epiteliais induzido por DMBA. Deste modo, o sunitinib pode ser considerado um agente efetivo para a quimiopreven??o destes tumores, constituindo uma alternativa interessante para novos estudos, em est?gios mais avan?ados desta patologia, utilizando o modelo de c?ncer bucal em bolsa jugal de hamster ou modelos similares.