Thèses sur le sujet « Annulation de la sentence »
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1
Kouassi, Fabrice Constant. « L'annulation de la sentence arbitrale au Québec et dans l'espace OHADA : une approche comparée ». Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5895.
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Résumé : Le processus de règlement des litiges par la voie de l’arbitrage a nourri des ambitions économiques énormes dans les sphères juridiques où ce mécanisme a été instauré. L’efficacité de ce processus qui signifie entre autre un processus ayant abouti à une application, voire une exécution effective des protagonistes est un gage de la réalisation de ces ambitions.
Or, ce processus peut être compromis du fait de l’annulation de la sentence arbitrale par un juge dont l’intervention dans le processus peut soit le renforcer, soit l’annihiler fondamentalement. Cette situation explique dans une large mesure les raisons pour lesquelles la doctrine juridique se place en faveur d’une collaboration solide entre la justice publique et la justice privée de l’arbitrage.
Comment cette question de l’annulation de la sentence arbitrale est abordée dans les sphères juridiques du Québec et de l’Ohada? Quels sont les effets juridiques issus de la comparaison de cette situation dans chacune de ces sphères? Telle se présente la substance de cette recherche dont la méthode comparative est alimentée par le paradigme de l’herméneutique juridique et son corollaire le pluralisme juridique. Les résultats issus du dialogue comparatif devraient participer à une amélioration des situations problématiques décelées dans les sphères concernées. // Abstract : The rule process of lawsuits based on arbitration has filled out huge economic ambitions
related to judicial spheres where this mechanism has been established. The efficiency of
this process, which among others, has led to an application, indeed a real execution of the protagonists, is somewhat a guarantee to the fulfilment of these ambitions.
However, this process can be compromised because of the cancellation of the arbitral
sentence by a judge whose intervention in the process can either reinforce it or destroy it. This situation mainly explains the reasons why the juridical doctrine is in favour of a
solid collaboration. How do the juridical sphere of Quebec and Ohada tackle this issue of the cancellation of the arbitral sentence? What are the juridical effects stemmed from the comparism of this situation in both spheres? The way the substance of this research appears and whose comparative method is fed by the paradigm of the juridical hermeneutics and its juridical pluralism corollary. The results stemmed from the comparative dialog should participate in improving problematic situations detected in the applied spheres.
2
Bernadskaya, Elena. « La sentence arbitrale internationale : contribution de droit processuel comparé (droit français et droit russe) ». Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30084.
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La sentence est une notion complexe qui partage différentes caractéristiques avec le contrat, l’acte juridictionnel ou la décision de justice. En effet, la nature juridictionnelle de la sentence est aujourd’hui admise, mais en raison de son origine conventionnelle, elle demeure un acte privé. Ainsi, son régime d’acte juridictionnel est-Il modifié par un élément conventionnel – dès la désignation des arbitres appelés à rendre la sentence jusqu’à son exécution. L’étude du droit comparé montre que la notion et le régime de la sentence sont différemment appréciés en droit français et russe – tout est question d’interprétation des critères de qualification, bien qu’ils s’avèrent être les mêmes. Ainsi, convient-Il de faire ressortir ces différences à travers l’étude de la notion de la sentence et de son régime dans les deux ordres juridiques, sauf à démontrer que l’une et l’autre contribuent à la préservation du caractère particulier de la sentence qui ne peut et ne doit pas être assimilée, en définitive, à une décision de justiceThe arbitral award is a complex legal notion, sharing characteristics with the contract, the jurisdictional act and the judicial decision. Indeed, the jurisdictional dimension of the arbitral award has now been admitted, though, because of its contractual source, it is still considered as a private legal act. The legal regime of this jurisdictional act is therefore influenced by a contractual bias – as from the arbitrators’ appointment up to the enforcement of the arbitral award. A comparative approach shows that the arbitral award’s notion and legal regime are differently considered in French and Russian laws. The differences lie mainly in the interpretation of the legal qualification criteria, though the latter are similar in the two legal systems. The purpose of this analysis is to identify the said differences through the study of the arbitral award’s notion and legal regime in French and Russian laws, which might lead to consider that the specificity of the arbitral award should be preserved instead of considering the award as a judicial decision
3
Pernet, Martial. « Le siège de l' arbitrage international : étude d’une autonomisation ». Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCF013.
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En matière internationale, le tribunal arbitral n’a d’autre choix que de se fixer sur le territoire d’un État afin de rendre sa sentence. Le choix de cet « État hôte » emporterait alors fixation du siège de l’arbitrage international. Mais quel choix faire ? Comment ? Par qui ? Que faire en cas d’incertitude dans ce choix ? Quels effets cette fixation aura-t-elle ensuite lors de la création du tribunal, du rendu et de l’exécution de sa sentence, ou encore du choix des lois applicables ? Il n’est pas une réponse unique à ces simples questions. Pour cause, le droit de l’arbitrage international accorde une importance variable à la notion de siège. En ce sens, elle dépendra principalement de la vision que l’on a de la place et de la source de l’arbitrage vis-à-vis de la justice étatique. C’est par l’étude des différents courants de pensée philosophique, retenus par l’un ou l’autre des courants doctrinaux, qu’il sera possible d’expliquer les différentes représentations qui existent au sein de la communauté juridique internationale de la notion du «siège de l’arbitrage». Aussi, ce manuscrit amène-t-il in fine à de profonds questionnements sur la source de la juridicité d’une sentence arbitrale internationale. Plus l’on considèrera que la sentence puise sa source dans l’ordonnancement juridique de l’État dans lequel se situe le tribunal, plus l’on verra l’arbitrage et l’arbitre faire partie intégrante de cet ordonnancement, et plus alors le droit du siège aura de prise sur le déroulement du processus arbitral, l’organisation du tribunal et la vie de la sentence. Ainsi, après l’étude des différentes conceptions philosophiques de l’arbitrage puis des représentations du siège s’y rattachant – étude au passage de laquelle il sera constaté une révolution de la théorie dominante, passant d’un modèle territorial à un modèle délocalisé (évolution qui sera perceptible à travers une analyse comparée des lois d’arbitrage de différents pays) – une analyse des conséquences résultant d’un impact plus ou moins fort de ce siège sur le processus arbitral amènera à un constat flagrant. Quelle que soit la théorie du siège de l’arbitrage envisagée, ce dernier fait l’objet d’un net recul dans sa prise en compte de l’application de ses lois de procédure ou de fond.Néanmoins, bien que régulièrement battue en brèche par la doctrine internationale, la notion de siège n’en demeure pas moins persistante. Ce constat sera particulièrement marqué lors de la recherche de l’actuelle utilité du siège dans sa mission d’assistance au tribunal arbitral (c-à-d : appel au juge d’appui). Seulement, les visions des États sur l’arbitrage n’étant pas identiques, une analyse des lois et de la pratique arbitrale de certains pays amènera à douter de la répartition actuelle du contrôle des sentences opérées par la Convention de New York de 1958 entre le pays du siège et les pays d’accueil de l’arbitrage. L’interprétation de cette Convention conduit en effet à être actuellement le prétexte d’un affrontement indirect des visions de l’arbitrage international des États, sur l’importance du concept du siège de l’arbitrage international. L’actualité de cette question interrogera alors de manière légitime la pertinence actuelle de la notion du siège arbitral comme élément clé d’une lecture de l’arbitrage internationalIn international matters, the arbitral tribunal has no choice but to settle in the territory of a State in order to render its award. The choice of this "host State" would then determine the seat of international arbitration. But what choice do we make? How? By whom ? What to do in case of uncertainty of this choice? What effects will this determination then have in creating the tribunal, in rendering and enforcing its award, or in choosing the applicable laws? There is no single answer to these simple questions. Indeed, international arbitration law attaches varying importance to the notion of seat, in the sense that it will depend primarily on one's vision of the place and source of arbitration in relation to state justice. It is through the study of various philosophical thoughts, used by different academic point of views, that it will prove possible to explain the diversified representations that exist within the international legal community of the notion of "arbitration seat". Thus, this manuscript raises complex questions about the source of the juridicity of an international arbitral award. Indeed, the more the award is considered to have its source in the legal order of the State in which the tribunal is located, the more arbitration and arbitrators will be seen to be an integral part of that order, and more the law of the seat will have influence on the conduct of the arbitral process, the organization of the tribunal and the award. Therefore, after the study of the different philosophical conceptions of arbitration and the representations of the seat attached to it - a study in which it will be noted a revolution of the dominant theory, passing from a territorial model to a delocalized model (evolution which will be perceptible through a comparative analysis of the laws of arbitration countries) - an analysis of the consequences resulting from a more or less strong impact of this seat on the arbitral process will lead to a clear observation. Whatever the theory of the seat of the arbitration considered, it can be seen a decline in of the application of its procedural or substantive laws.Nevertheless, although the concept of the seat is regularly demolished by international doctrine, it remains persistent. This observation will be particularly obvious during the study of the current utility of the seat in its support to the arbitral tribunal (i.e. help of the juge d’appui). However, since States' views on arbitration are not identical, a survey of the laws and arbitration practice in a number of countries raises doubts about the current distribution of the control of awards under the 1958 New York Convention between the country of the seat and the other countries. The interpretation of this Convention is indeed a pretext for an indirect confrontation of the visions of international arbitration by States, through the concept of the seat of international arbitration. The topicality of this question will then legitimately interrogate the current relevance of the notion of the arbitral seat as a key element of international arbitration
4
Obeid, Zeina. « Le recours en annulation des sentences arbitrales dans les pays arabes : Arabie Saoudite, Bahreïn, Egypte, Emirats arabes unis, Iraq, Jordanie, Koweït, Liban, Qatar, Syrie ». Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020003.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L’arbitrage dans les pays arabes connaît aujourd’hui une nouvelle dynamique se traduisant pas la promulgation de nouvelles lois d’arbitrage et l’implantation de nouveaux centres d’arbitrage. Cette dynamique est d’autant plus particulière qu’elle se caractérise par la mise en place de zones franches juridiques conduisant à la division du pouvoir judiciaire et à la coexistence de deux systèmes juridiques, on-shore et off-shore. Cette nouvelle dynamique est-elle pour autant le reflet d’une approche désormais favorable à l’arbitrage ? Quelle est la place faite à l’arbitrage dans les pays arabes? La réponse à ces problématiques majeures ne peut s’effectuer qu’à travers l’étude du recours en annulation des sentences arbitrales. En effet, l’approche de l’arbitrage dans les pays arabes ne peut être évaluée qu’à la lumière de la position des tribunaux étatiques lors du contrôle judiciaire de la sentence arbitrale. Il s’agira d’examiner la nature du recours en annulation, sa coexistence avec les voies de recours ordinaires, son exercice et les différents motifs d’annulation. Il s’agira également d’analyser les règlements d’arbitrage qui prennent position sur les voies de recours et in fine sur le sort de la sentence arbitrale à travers l’étude de la demande de reconnaissance et d’exécution des sentences arbitrales, aussi bien dans les zones on-shore que dans les zones off-shore. Cette étude permettra ainsi de déterminer la perception de l’arbitrage dans les pays arabes et les réformes qui doivent être entreprises en vue de sa promotion comme mode normal de résolution des litiges du commerce internationalToday, within Arab states, a new dynamic in arbitration is taking shape. This is reflected in the proliferation of new arbitration legislation and the establishment of emergent arbitration centres across the region. What makes this new dynamic even more remarkable is the contemporaneous establishment of legal free-zones where judicial power is divided and co-exists between two systems best described as on-shore and off-shore. This thesis seeks to explore the possible implications of this new dynamic with a view to determining whether or not it can be considered a reflection of a developing, more favourable approach to arbitration in Arab countries. In order to address this issue effectively, this thesis will examine the present and immediate approaches to arbitration of judiciaries in 10 Arab states. This will be achieved through the study and analysis of the action for setting aside arbitral awards in these Arab states. This thesis will look at the nature, exercise and application of the action for setting aside arbitral awards. In addition, it will explore the grounds for this action and how, as a recourse, the action for setting aside exists alongside and interacts with other avenues of recourse. In order to assess the current approaches of judiciaries, within Arab countries, this thesis will also analyze current arbitration legislation and institutional regulations. This is in addition to the emerging trends and common practice, that is, in the context of the recognition and execution of arbitral awards, in both on-shore and off-shore legal systems
5
Twigger, Helen L. « A novel annulation strategy ». Thesis, University of Bristol, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389999.
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Laventine, Dominic. « Hetero-annulation of carbohydrates ». Thesis, University of Leicester, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29981.
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The aim of the research to be undertaken is the synthesis of hetero-annulated glucose derivatives. In particular the synthesis of five-, six-, and seven- and eight-membered N-containing fused heterocycles is desired, with the nitrogen attached at the C-2 and C-3 position of the sugar ring. Emphasis is placed upon using the sugar ring as a scaffold to enable diastereoelective synthesis. A variety of synthetic techniques are to be employed to achieve ring-closure, especially reductive lamination, ring-closing metathesis and photochemical methods of annulation. (Fig. 9206A).;Such compounds could be useful as precursors to alkaloid synthesis due to the huge range of methods for the conversion of pyranosides to other ring systems. In addition, previous work has shown that such compounds have an inhibitory effect on glycoside processing enzymes. The pyrollidines synthesised have been tested as Glycosidase inhibitors, and some have been shown to be weak specific beta-Galactosidase inhibitors.;Using similar techniques as those employed to produce the lactam above, 2,O- and 3,O-fused lactones were also produced, with dimerised by-products also isolated. Intramolecular photocyclisation was also employed to produce complex multicyclic fused carbocyles. (Fig. 9206B).;Synthesis of N-linked amino sugar dimers was also achieved, and initial attempts at deprotection made. (Fig. 9206C).
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Barbieri-Arhancet, Graciela I. « New oxy-dihydrofuran annulation methodology ». Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09162005-115038/.
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Dimopoulos, Paschalis A. « 2-imidazolines in annulation studies ». Thesis, Open University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310229.
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Baxter, John S. « Transition metal mediated annulation reactions ». Thesis, University of Bristol, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324243.
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10
Wood, Andrew Joseph. « New methods for carbohydrate annulation ». Thesis, University of Leicester, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34001.
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Chapter 1 describes the synthesis of a 1,4-dicarbonyl compound 1 which was constructed by a sequence involving opening of a protected glucose epoxide with allyl magnesium chloride, alkylation and Wacker oxidation; the 1,4-dicarbonyl compound 1 readily underwent cyclisation under basic conditions to produce the cyclopentaannulated sugar derivative 2. Treatment of the cyclopentaannulated sugar derivative with N-bromosuccinimide and subsequent treatment with activated zinc completed the fragmentation of 2 to furnish the cyclopentanes 3. Chapter 2 describes the reduction of 2 which furnished a mixture of allylic alcohols 4 in a ratio of 8:1 in favour of either isomer depending on the conditions and reagents employed. The application of a Stork silyl methylene radical cyclisation of the a-cyclopentaannulated derivative led to a 2:1 mixture of trans and cis fused tricyclic ring systems. Treatment of the allylic cyclopentaannulated derivative, however, led to a single cis-fused product 5. This is in contrast to previous examples which show a mixture of cis and trans-fused 6,5-ring systems. Chapter 3 describes the continuation of work in the Jenkins group directed towards the synthesis of taxanes from glucose. A model study was undertaken to show the viability of a stepwise diene synthesis utilising selenium chemistry. This succesful model study showed that an enone to diene conversion was possible. The application of this methodology to the C-ring synthon 6 produced 7, the most advanced intermediate to date, as a single isomer.
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Maoudj, Rabah. « Annulation d’interférence et filtre sur réplique ». Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM0994.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Ce mémoire est scindé en deux parties. La première partie traite de l'estimation de l'optimum combiner. Traditionnellement, l'optimum combiner est estimé à travers l'estimation du canal du signal désiré et la matrice de covariance de l'interférence plus bruit. Dans cette première partie, on propose d'estimer l'optimum combiner à travers l'estimation de deux filtres séparés, à savoir un filtre qui suppose que la transmission est sans bruit (ce filtre prend en compte l'interférence mais pas le bruit) et un filtre qui suppose que la transmission est sans interférences (ce filtre prend en compte le bruit mais pas l'interférence). Néanmoins ce type d'estimation reste optimal seulement dans le cas où le récepteur est composé de deux antennes et/ou la transmission n'est perturbée que par une seule source d'interférence, indépendamment du nombre d'antennes. Le cas d'une transmission avec un récepteur à deux antennes et une source d'interférence est simulé puis implémenté sur une cible type DSP en virgule fixe au format 16 bits.La deuxième partie est dédiée à l'estimation aveugle du canal où deux méthodes sont proposées. Ces deux méthodes sont basées sur les moments d'ordre supérieurs. La première méthode est une extension de l'algorithme de Viterbi & Viterbi avec résolution de l'ambiguïté inter sous-porteuses, pour le cas d'une transmission basée sur une forme d'onde OFDM. La deuxième méthode est construite autour du principe de l'auto déconvolution. On propose aussi dans cette partie une extension aux systèmes MIMO par l'introduction d'un précodage et d'un postcodage spatio-temporel adapté à la méthode d'estimation du canal et au type de la transmission. Enfin une étude de cas d'utilisation de cette extension MIMO est donnée pour un système de transmission basé sur le standard IEEE 802.11This thesis is split into two parts. The first part deals with the estimation of the optimum combiner. Traditionally, the optimum combiner is estimated through the estimation of both the desired signal channel and the covariance matrix of interference plus noise.In this first part, we propose to estimate the optimum combiner by estimating two separate filters, namely a filter which assumes that the transmission is noiseless (taking into account the interference but not the noise) and a filter which assumes that the transmission is no interfered (taking into account the noise but not the interference). However this method of estimation is optimal only in the case where the receiver has two antennas and/or transmission undergone a single source of interference regardless of the number of antennas. The case of a transmission with a receiver equipped with two antennas and interfered by a single source of interference, is simulated and implemented on a fixed-point DSP target in 16 bit format.The second part is dedicated to the blind channel estimation where two methods are proposed. Both methods are based on the higher order moments. The first method can be viewed as an extension of the Viterbi & Viterbi algorithm, with inter subcarrier ambiguity solving, for the case of an OFDM waveform. The second method is built around the principle of self deconvolution. In this section, an extension to MIMO systems based on a space-time pre-coding and postcoding is introduced. Finally a case of application of this extension, for a MIMO transmission system based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, is analysed and simulated
12
Maoudj, Rabah. « Annulation d’interférence et filtre sur réplique ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM0994.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Ce mémoire est scindé en deux parties. La première partie traite de l'estimation de l'optimum combiner. Traditionnellement, l'optimum combiner est estimé à travers l'estimation du canal du signal désiré et la matrice de covariance de l'interférence plus bruit. Dans cette première partie, on propose d'estimer l'optimum combiner à travers l'estimation de deux filtres séparés, à savoir un filtre qui suppose que la transmission est sans bruit (ce filtre prend en compte l'interférence mais pas le bruit) et un filtre qui suppose que la transmission est sans interférences (ce filtre prend en compte le bruit mais pas l'interférence). Néanmoins ce type d'estimation reste optimal seulement dans le cas où le récepteur est composé de deux antennes et/ou la transmission n'est perturbée que par une seule source d'interférence, indépendamment du nombre d'antennes. Le cas d'une transmission avec un récepteur à deux antennes et une source d'interférence est simulé puis implémenté sur une cible type DSP en virgule fixe au format 16 bits.La deuxième partie est dédiée à l'estimation aveugle du canal où deux méthodes sont proposées. Ces deux méthodes sont basées sur les moments d'ordre supérieurs. La première méthode est une extension de l'algorithme de Viterbi & Viterbi avec résolution de l'ambiguïté inter sous-porteuses, pour le cas d'une transmission basée sur une forme d'onde OFDM. La deuxième méthode est construite autour du principe de l'auto déconvolution. On propose aussi dans cette partie une extension aux systèmes MIMO par l'introduction d'un précodage et d'un postcodage spatio-temporel adapté à la méthode d'estimation du canal et au type de la transmission. Enfin une étude de cas d'utilisation de cette extension MIMO est donnée pour un système de transmission basé sur le standard IEEE 802.11This thesis is split into two parts. The first part deals with the estimation of the optimum combiner. Traditionally, the optimum combiner is estimated through the estimation of both the desired signal channel and the covariance matrix of interference plus noise.In this first part, we propose to estimate the optimum combiner by estimating two separate filters, namely a filter which assumes that the transmission is noiseless (taking into account the interference but not the noise) and a filter which assumes that the transmission is no interfered (taking into account the noise but not the interference). However this method of estimation is optimal only in the case where the receiver has two antennas and/or transmission undergone a single source of interference regardless of the number of antennas. The case of a transmission with a receiver equipped with two antennas and interfered by a single source of interference, is simulated and implemented on a fixed-point DSP target in 16 bit format.The second part is dedicated to the blind channel estimation where two methods are proposed. Both methods are based on the higher order moments. The first method can be viewed as an extension of the Viterbi & Viterbi algorithm, with inter subcarrier ambiguity solving, for the case of an OFDM waveform. The second method is built around the principle of self deconvolution. In this section, an extension to MIMO systems based on a space-time pre-coding and postcoding is introduced. Finally a case of application of this extension, for a MIMO transmission system based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, is analysed and simulated
13
TAMADLA, SAID. « Sentence Processing ». Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-2898.
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Sabalbal, Hélène. « Le choix du droit applicable dans l’arbitrage d’investissement : expérience euro-arabe ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 2, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA020029.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le règlement d’un litige d’investissement dépend souvent du choix du droit applicable au fond. L’arbitre a l’obligation de respecter la volonté des parties. Les litiges d’investissement impliquent une partie privée et une partie étatique qui peut donner son consentement à l’arbitrage à l’avance dans une offre générale d’arbitrage. L’arbitre ne déterminera le droit applicable au litige qu’en cas du silence des parties. Sous l’égide d’une institution d’arbitrage ou dans le cadre d’un arbitrage ad hoc, l’arbitre peut appliquer un droit national, le droit régional (communautaire, musulman), le droit international ou des règles anationales, ou encore une combinaison de ces règles et droits. La partie I s’intéresse aux interactions entre ces droits et règles de droit et leur hiérarchisation éventuelle, pour pouvoir régler un litige d’investissement euro-arabe. Depuis l’entrée en vigueur du traité de Lisbonne en 2009, l'UE a une compétence exclusive pour négocier les accords relatifs aux investissements étrangers directs. La Partie II s’intéresse aux effets de la nouvelle compétence de l'Union sur les TBI antérieurs à Lisbonne et ceux postérieurs que les Etats membres voudraient conclure, et notamment les conséquences sur le droit applicable pour le règlement des litiges d’investissement. La partie III traite des limites au choix du droit applicable. L'arbitre doit rendre une sentence efficace et exécutoire. Le non-respect du droit applicable peut constituer un motif de recours contre la sentence. La révision de la sentence au fond dans certains pays arabes constitue indirectement une deuxième limite. Finalement, il est nécessaire de respecter l’ordre publicThe settlement of an investment dispute often depends on the choice of applicable law to the merits. The arbitrator has the obligation to respect the will of the parties. In investment arbitration, the parties are a private party and a state party who may give its consent to arbitration in advance in a general offer of arbitration. The arbitrator will determine the applicable law only if the parties did not do so. Under the aegis of an arbitration institution or within the framework of an ad hoc arbitration, the arbitrator may apply national law, regional law (European, Islamic law), international law or non-national rules, or even a combination of formulas. Part I examines the interactions between these laws and rules of law, their potential hierarchy, in order to be able to settle an Euro-Arab investment dispute. Since the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009, the EU has had exclusive competence to negotiate agreements relating to foreign direct investment. Part II studies the effects of the new competence of the EU on BITs prior to Lisbon and those that the Member States would like to conclude in the future, and in particular the consequences on the applicable law for the settlement of investment dispute. Part III tackles the limits to the choice of applicable law. The arbitrator must render an effective and enforceable award. Failure to apply the applicable law may be challenged. In some Arab countries, the award is reviewed at the merits, which is a second limitation. In addition, it is necessary to respect public policy
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Simpson, Natalie. « What is a sentence, Gertrude Stein and sentence theory ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ65053.pdf.
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Hall, Amanda. « Tangible Sentence Train ». Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21534.
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My research paper discusses the explorative design process of creating a tangible sentence construction train and the implications of tangible computing in the classroom. For inspiration I looked into learning style methods and tangible computing projects for children. I aimed to follow the methods of Participatory Design and Cooperative Inquiry as part of my design process, but found reasons to explore different methods.My final prototype uses a train to provide digital support and encourage an effective way to support task interest, information retention, and sentence structure, as well as facilitate creativity and team problem solving skills for children of different learning styles and skill strengths. By allowing children to construct their own sentences with responsive train cars, I found that children were able to discuss class material and ideas in a fun way, as well as find explorative ways to bend rules and engage in play.
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Heshmati, Parissa. « Novel annulation reactions using cobalt stabilised carbonium ions ». Thesis, Kingston University, 1994. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20573/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This programme of work was aimed at the synthesis of a range of linear hydrocarbon molecules bearing functionality at each end. It was envisaged that by the application of an intramolecular Nicholas reaction the linear chain would cyclise to afford an [alpha],[beta] disubstituted cycloalkanone. The Nicholas reaction is based on the propargyl carbonium ions, stabilised with binuclear cobalt species, which are subject to nucleophilic attack at the propargyl position. This reaction has previously been exploited in syntheses in an intermolecular fashion, however, few approaches involving an intramolecular reaction have appeared in the literature. Thus, in the present study, investigation of the latter was undertaken. In this novel approach a series of 5,6 or 7 membered carbocyclic compounds were synthesised from precursor molecules containing 8,9,10 or 11 carbon chains. During this exercise one or two asymmetric centres were also created in a series of reactions that are the equivalent of a 1,4-addition of ethyne to an enone. All the synthetic steps were thoroughly investigated and optimised. It was also demonstrated that for unsymmetrical linear ketones, the kinetic enolates seem to predominate irrespective of the reaction conditions employed. This was in contrast to enolate formation in unsymmetrically substituted cyclic ketones, where selectivity between the kinetic and thermodynamic enolates has been observed by appropriate choice of base. Infra-red, [sup]1H N.M.R., [sup]13C N.M.R. and Mass spectroscopy analyses were performed on all the compounds synthesised. However cobalt complexed compounds showed some paramagnetism, possibly due to the presence of some paramagnetic impurities or by-products. This led to difficulties in interpretation of spectra as a result of line broadening. Future work might usefully investigate the use of these methodologies in the synthesis of fused carbocycles, heterocycles and highly functionalised fused ring systems, generated from a tandem intramolecular reaction involving a Nicholas reaction followed bya Pauson-Khand reaction.
18
Sabin, Verity Margaret. « Synthetic studies on two silicon assisted annulation reactions ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272796.
Texte intégral
19
Bousiges, Annie. « Les Restitutions après annulation ou résolution d'un contrat ». Lille 3 : ANRT, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37617756t.
Texte intégral
20
Féry, Caroline, et Laura Herbst. « German sentence accent revisited ». Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/827/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Results of a production experiment on the placement of sentence
accent in German are reported. The hypothesis that German fulfills
some of the most widely accepted rules of accent assignment—
predicting focus domain integration—was only partly confirmed.
Adjacency between argument and verb induces a single accent on the
argument, as recognized in the literature, but interruption of this
sequence by a modifier often induces remodeling of the accent pattern
with a single accent on the modifier. The verb is rarely stressed. All
models based on linear alignment or adjacency between elements
belonging to a single accent domain fail to account for this result. A
cyclic analysis of prosodic domain formation is proposed in an
optimality-theoretic framework that can explain the accent pattern.
Japanese wh-questions always exhibit focus intonation (FI). Furthermore,
the domain of FI exhibits a correspondence to the wh-scope. I
propose that this phonology-semantics correspondence is a result of
the cyclic computation of FI, which is explained under the notion of
Multiple Spell-Out in the recent Minimalist framework. The proposed
analysis makes two predictions: (1) embedding of an FI into another
is possible; (2) (overt) movement of a wh-phrase to a phase edge position
causes a mismatch between FI and wh-scope. Both predictions are
tested experimentally, and shown to be borne out.
21
Root, Trevor James. « Keel sentence sin tax ». Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1595249808698181.
Texte intégral
22
Kaller, Alan Matthew. « Bifunctional organometallic reagents, preparation and use in annulation sequences ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25075.pdf.
Texte intégral
23
Lovelace, Thomas Claiborne. « Synthesis of ipomeamarone via the [2+3] dihydrofuran annulation ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42092.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The synthesis of several dihydrofurans of type 179 was accomplished by the flash vacuum pyrolysis of vinyloxiranes of type 178 obtained from the addition of the dienolate of ethyl-2-bromocrotonate (177) to various aldehydes (176). Thus, dihydrofurans were prepared from aldehydes in an overall intermolecular [2+3] dihydrofuran annulation.
Master of Science
24
Liu, Yang. « Studies on Palladium-Catalyzed [3+2]-Annulation/Domino Reactions ». Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS214.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Ce travail de thèse est consacré à l'étude des réactions d'annélation [3+2] domino catalysées au palladium. Tout d'abord, une nouvelle séquence domino a été développée, qui implique la réaction entre les dérivés cycliques α,β-insaturés-γ-oxy-carbonylés et les acétamides stabilisés par résonance. Les pyrrolidine-2-ones bicycliques obtenues ont été générées par une allylation intermoléculaire catalysée au Pd, suivie d'une réaction d’aza-Michael intramoléculaire. Une version asymétrique a également été réalisée, obtenant jusqu'à 60% d’excès énantiomérique. Ensuite, une nouvelle séquence domino triple catalysée au Pd [allylation / aza-Michael / keto α-arylation] (ALAMAR) a également été réalisée, ce qui permet la formation sélective de systèmes tricycliques fusionnés en un seul pot. Enfin, deux transformations domino sélectives et complémentaires ont été réalisées, permettant d'effectuer au choix des annulations de type C−C/O−C ou C−C/C−C [3+2]. Ces transformations se produisent par le biais d'une séquence de [C-allylation intermoléculaire / O- ou C-1,4-addition conjuguée intramoléculaire]This thesis work is consecrated to the study of palladium-catalyzed [3+2]-annulation and domino reactions. First, a new domino sequence was developed, which involves the reaction between cyclic α,β-unsaturated-γ-oxy-carbonyl derivatives and resonance-stabilized acetamides. The resulting bicyclic pyrrolidin-2-ones were generated through an intermolecular Pd-catalyzed allylation followed by an intramolecular aza-Michael reaction sequence. An asymmetric version was also achieved, obtaining up to 60% ee. A new Pd-catalyzed [allylation / aza-Michael / keto α-arylation] (ALAMAR) triple domino sequence was also accomplished, which allows the selective one-pot formation of fused tricyclic systems. Lastly, two selective and complementary domino transformations have been achieved, which allow to perform C−C/O−C or C−C/C−C [3+2]-annulations at will. These transformations occur through an intermolecular Pd-catalyzed C-allylation / intramolecular O- or C-1,4-addition sequence, respectively
25
Marks, Lori J. « Fundamentals in the Sentence Writing Strategy and Proficiency in the Sentence Writing Strategy ». Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2001. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3585.
Texte intégral
26
Marks, Lori J. « Fundamentals in the Sentence Writing Strategy and Proficiency in the Sentence Writing Strategy ». Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3678.
Texte intégral
27
Dorel, Bruscas Ruth. « New annulation strategies : from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to natural products ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401589.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Aquesta Tesi Doctoral cobreix tres camps de la química orgànica sintètica dedicats a la síntesi de nous materials basats en hidrocarburs aromàtics policíclics (HAPs), el desenvolupament de noves metodologies sintètiques catalitzades per complexos metàl·lics, i la síntesi de derivats de productes naturals.
El desenvolupament de noves estratègies per a la síntesi de nous fragments de grafè amb estructures ben definides és un camp de gran interès donada la seva potencial implementació en dispositius d’electrònica molecular. Els fragments de grafè amb estructures circulars resulten particularment interessants degut a les seves extraordinàries propietats optoelectròniques i d’autoassemblatge. En aquest context es va desenvolupar la síntesi d’un nou fragment circular de grafè d’elevada simetria C54H20, tetrabenzocircumpirè, les propietats electròniques del qual van ser examinades mitjançant microscòpia d’efecte túnel (STM).
Els acens estan constituïts per anells de benzè fusionats en línia i representen un atractiu tipus de HAPs degut a les seves propietats semiconductores. Tanmateix, la seva aplicació en dispositius electrònics està limitada per la seva baixa solubilitat i la seva inherent inestabilitat. Una possible solució per salvar aquestes limitacions és preparar derivats parcialment saturats més estables, els quals poden emprar-se com precursors dels sistemes conjugats. Així doncs, va establir-se un nou mètode per a la preparació d’acens parcialment saturats basat en una ciclació catalitzada per or(I) d’1,7-enins que deriven d’un precursor comú. Aquest mètode va resultar ser general i va permetre la preparació de diversos dihidrotetracens funcionalitzats, així com d’hidroacens amb fins a nou anells linealment fusionats.
L’excepcional habilitat dels complexos d’or(I) per a construir estructures policícliques complexes va ser examinada també en el marc de la síntesi de productes naturals. L’alcoxiciclació d’1,6-enins catalitzada per or(I) va permetre un ràpid assemblatge de l’esquelet tetracíclic [3,5,5,7] de les echinopines, fet què va donar lloc a un mètode per a la preparació de derivats funcionalitzats d’aquests productes naturals.Esta Tesis Doctoral cubre tres campos de la química orgánica sintética dedicados a la síntesis de nuevos materiales basados en hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAPs), el desarrollo de nuevas metodologías sintéticas catalizadas por complejos metálicos, y la síntesis de derivados de productos naturales. El desarrollo de nuevas estrategias para la síntesis de nuevos fragmentos de grafeno con estructuras bien definidas es un campo de gran interés dada su potencial implementación en dispositivos de electrónica molecular. Los fragmentos de grafeno con estructuras circulares resultan particularmente interesantes debido a sus extraordinarias propiedades optoelectrónicas y de autoensamblaje. En este contexto se desarrolló la síntesis un nuevo fragmento circular de grafeno de elevada simetría C54H20, tetrabenzocircumpireno, cuyas propiedades electrónicas fueron examinadas mediante microscopía de efecto túnel (STM). Los acenos están constituidos por anillos de benceno fusionados en línea, y representan otra atractiva clase de HAPs debido a sus propiedades semiconductoras. Sin embargo, su aplicación en dispositivos electrónicos está limitada por su baja solubilidad y su inherente inestabilidad. Una posible solución para salvar estas limitaciones es preparar derivados parcialmente saturados más estables, los cuales pueden usarse como precursores de los sistemas conjugados. Así, se estableció un nuevo método para la preparación de acenos parcialmente saturados, el cual está basado en una ciclación catalizada por oro(I) de 1,7-eninos que derivan de un precursor común. Este método resultó ser general y permitió la preparación de diversos dihidrotetracenos funcionalizados, así como de hidroacenos con hasta nueve anillos linealmente fusionados.
This PhD covers three fields of synthetic organic chemistry devoted to the synthesis of new materials based on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the development of new metal-catalyzed synthetic methodology, and the synthesis of natural product derivatives. The development of new strategies for the precise synthesis of structurally well-defined novel graphene cutouts is a field of great interest due to their potential implementation in molecular electronic devices. Particularly interesting PAHs are disc-shaped fragments of graphene because of their unique optoelectronic and self-assembly properties, which are predicted to be enhanced for expanded systems. In this context, an efficient synthesis of a new discotic highly symmetric C54H20 graphene fragment – tetrabenzocircumpyrene – was developed and the electronic properties of this new graphene fragment were examined by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Acenes consist of planar sets of linearly fused benzene rings and represent another appealing class of PAHs due to their semiconducting properties. Nonetheless, their applicability in electronic devices is limited by their poor solubility and their inherent instability. One approach to circumvent these limitations is the preparation of more stable partially saturated derivatives, which can be used as precursors of the conjugated systems. Thus, a selective method for the preparation of partially saturated acenes under mild reaction conditions was developed based on a gold(I)-catalyzed cyclization of suitable 1,7-enynes that were assembled from a common precursor. The method proved to be general and allowed the preparation of functionalized dihydrotetracenes, as well as larger hydroacenes with up to nine linearly fused rings. The outstanding ability of gold(I) complexes to construct complex polycyclic frameworks was also examined in the context of the synthesis of natural products. Thus, the gold(I)-catalyzed alkoxycyclization of cyclopropyl-tethered 1,6-enynes allowed the ready assembly of the [3,5,5,7] tetracyclic skeleton of Echinopines, which opened an entry for the preparation of functionalized derivatives of these natural products.
28
Tse, Hoi Lun Allan. « A new annulation method and its application to terpenoid synthesis ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27553.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The major theme of the work described in this thesis is concerned with the preparation of the β-trimethylstannyl enoates 53, 54 and 55, and their utilization in annulation processes. Treatment of the enol triflates 88, 91 and 92 with the cuprate reagent 56 produces compounds 53, 54 and 55, respectively, in good yields.
Base promoted alkylation of the enoates 53 and 54 with 3-iodo-1-chloropropane provides the products 111 and 119. Under similar reaction conditions, 55 was alkylated with 1,4-dibromobutane and 1,5-dibromopentane to give 132 and 136. By employing standard reactions, 111, 119, 132 and 136 were converted into 113, 123, 134 and 141, respectively. Treatment of 113, 123, 134 and 141 with methyllithium in THF, in the presence of HMPA, led to the formation of the substituted bicycle[4.3.0]nonenes 114, 124 and 128, and the bicyclo[5.3.0]decene 142, respectively.
The annulation method described above was applied successfully to the synthesis of the sesquiterpenoid (±)-chiloscyphone (151) and its isomer (±)-S-epi-chilos-cyphone (203). Thus, reaction of compounds 182 and 183, which were derived from 54 and the alkylating agent 178, with methyllithium in THF-HMPA provided the key bicyclic intermediates 184 and 190, respectively. These two compounds were subsequently transformed into 151 and 203. The sesquiterpenoid eremofukinone, whose structure was proposed as 204, was synthesized by exploiting the annulation method described earlier. Treatment of compound 228, which was produced from 54 and the dibromide 223, with methyllithium in 1,2-dimethoxyethane afforded the key intermediate 229 along with the diene 230. Suitable chemical manipulations converted 229 into 204. On comparing the ¹H nmr spectra of 204 and eremofukinone, substantial differences were noticed. Since compound 204 was constructed by an unambiguous route, it was concluded that the original structural proposal for eremofukinone is in error.
[Formula Omitted]Science, Faculty of
Chemistry, Department of
Graduate
29
Marais, Pierre Christiaan. « New annulation methods : total synthesis of the diterpenoid (+--)-ambliol B ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30639.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The preparation of bicyclic systems containing an allylic, angular hydroxyl group (general structure 20 and compound 87b) is described. These materials have been prepared via a new annulation sequence involving (a) the alkylation of cyclic ketones with the bifunctional conjunctive reagents 129, 21 and 60, (b) the conversion of the alkylation products into keto vinyl iodides, and (c) cyclization of the keto vinyl iodides via low temperature metal halogen exchange with n-butyllithium.
The cyclization process described in (c) has been employed in the first total synthesis of the diterpenoid (±)-ambliol B (94). Thus, 3,4-dimethyl-2-cyclohexen-l-one (96) was converted, in three steps, into the unstable enone 125. Reaction of this compound with the novel vinylgermane cuprate 110, followed by reaction of the resultant product with iodine, gave the cyclization precursor 106. Cyclization of 106 gave a single, trans-fused product (128) in high yield. The exocyclic methylene function of 128 was cyclopropanated and the vinyl substituent of the resultant cyclopropane was hydroborated to give the cyclopropane diol 149. Hydrogenolysis of the cyclopropane ring of compound 149 provided the required gem-dimethyl moiety. The resultant product was converted into (±)-ambliol B (94) via a four step sequence of reactions involving (a) oxidation of the primary alcohol function, (b) addition of 3-furyllithium to the so-formed unstable aldehyde, (c) acetylation of the secondary alcohol prepared in (b), and (d) reductive removal of the acetoxy function.
A new annulation sequence which utilizes the vinylgermane cuprate 110 as a synthetic equivalent of the 1-butene a²,d⁴-synthon 153 is described. Thus, cyclic enones of the general structure 154 were treated with 110 to provide the keto vinylgermane intermediates 155. The latter materials were transformed into the corresponding keto vinyl iodides 156. Treatment of 156 with a palladium(0) catalyst and a base resulted in cyclization to provide the annulation products 157 or, when R₁ = H, the α,β-unsaturated ketones 185.
[ Formulas omitted ]Science, Faculty of
Chemistry, Department of
Graduate
30
Pereira, Oswy Zeno. « Annulation strategies in the synthesis of highly functionalised oxygenated decalins ». Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40423.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Two annulation strategies have been examined as a potential route to highly functionalised, oxygenated decalins of the type embodied in natural product azadirachtin. Both approaches employ a Michael addition of a latently functionalised nucleophile to an $ alpha, beta$-unsaturated keto ester to assemble the annulation precursor.One approach deploys the in-house developed 4C siloxy diene, 1-trimethylsiloxy-1-methoxy-3-phenylthio-1,3-butadiene as the nucleophilic component in a Lewis acid mediated 1,4 conjugate addition to triethyl 4-oxo-2-cyclohexen-1,1,3-tricarboxylate. The potential of the keto ester moiety in the E Michael adduct, to function as the nucleophilic component, in a Claisen condensation in the conventional sense was examined. Cyclisation onto the tethered electrophile was achieved with an acyl chloride as the electrophilic partner. The stereochemistry of this kinetically controlled, essentially irreversible closure was found to lead exclusively to cis product geometry. The method provides a concise route to highly functionalised cis decalins incorporating a latent angular hydroxymethylene equivalent. Access to the corresponding trans series was explored.
A second strategy designed to examine three modes of cyclisation to a functionalised decalin intermediate required the development of metallo-cuprate chemistry. A convenient, operationally simple route to the higher-order homo bis trimethylstannyl cyano cuprate was invented through the intermediacy of a novel bis amido cuprate. Bis trimethylstannyl cuprate was shown to add to acetylene to provide the desired cuprate trimethylstannylvinyl cyano cuprate in synthetically useful yields. The conjugate addition of this cuprate to enones and enone-esters alike was compared with similar addition of other mixed stannylvinyl cuprates. Two novel mixed trimetylstannyl and trimethylstannylvinyl amido cuprates, requiring only one equivalent of valuable tin reagent for their preparation are described and briefly evaluated as selective tin transfer reagents. Finally BSA was shown to efficiently promote conjugate addition of homo bis trimethylstannylyinyl cuprate to enone and enone esters alike without unwanted side-reactions. The method was successfully used to generate a key Michael adduct in 92% yield. The activating potential of this reagent (BSA) as a newly discovered $ pi$ Lewis donnor was assessed, relative to other conventional activating agents.
A second study designed to more easily access transfused decalins, employed a cis trimethylstannylvinyl cuprate as the Michael donnor in 1,4-conjugate addition to triethyl 4-oxo-7-cyclohexen-1.1.3-tricarboxyiate. The trimethylstannylvinyl residue in the resulting adduct was evaluated as a latent nuclcophile in the synthesis of several cyclisation precursors. None were found suitable in this capacity. The most expedient route to a promising annulation precursor retained the vinyl stannane moiety and employed a Claisen rearangement to install the C$ sb2$ electrophilic centre with complete control of relative stereochemistry of three contiguous stereogenic centres.
31
Flanagan, Stuart Robert. « New aromatic annulation reactions and their application in total synthesis ». Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402059.
Texte intégral
32
Lewis, Richard Thomas. « Cyclopentane annulation studies and their application in the polyquinane area ». Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47082.
Texte intégral
33
Fischer, Christian. « Annulation d'interférence par trajet pour une liaison montante DS-CDMA ». Paris, ENST, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENST0011.
Texte intégral
34
Chogii, Isaac, et Isaac Chogii. « New Anionic Annulation Reactions and Anion Accelerated Amino-Cope Rearrangement ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621558.
Texte intégralRésumé :
New Anionic Annulation Reactions and Anion Accelerated Amino-Cope Rearrangement. This dissertation compiles asymmetric anionic reactions of chiral Ellman sulfinyl imines and dienolates to access diverse nitrogen-containing compounds. Chiral sulfinimines and dienolates derived from 𝛾-bromocrotonates reacted diastereoselectively forming 3-pyrrolines and 𝑐𝑖𝑠-vinyl aziridines via a formal [3+2]-annulation and vinylogous 𝑎𝑧𝑎-Darzens reactions respectively. Concise asymmetric syntheses of three natural products have been achieved demonstrating the power of the [3+2]-methodology. Reaction of conjugated sulfinimines with enolates derived from non-halogen containing crotonates, were found to undergo a tandem diastereoselective α,α-addition, and anionic [3,3]-rearrangement affording vinylogous amide products. Synthesis of aromatic imines via 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ) initiated oxidative aromatization highlights the synthetic value of the accelerated anion amino-Cope rearrangement.
35
Fischer, Christian. « Annulation d'interférences par trajet pour une liaison montante DS-CDMA / ». Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb389159765.
Texte intégral
36
Villalba, Xavier 1969. « The syntax of sentence periphery ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4838.
Texte intégral
37
Berdugo, Oviedo Gloria. « Sentence processing strategies by bilinguals ». Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60031.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Sentence processing strategies by 10 bilingual speakers (Spanish: L1 and English: L2) were compared to 10 monolingual speakers of Spanish and 10 of English. Word-by-word reading times for ambiguous and non-ambiguous sentences were recorded. A paraphrasing task was used to determine the attachment preferences for a prepositional phrase placed after the verb. Multivariate analyses of the data showed that bilingual speakers combined strategies from both languages when processing ambiguous sentences in L2 that are non-ambiguous in L1. Furthermore, overall results showed that the three groups were sensitive to the attachment of the prepositional phrase. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for theories of sentence processing and of language transfer.
38
Veysey, Christopher Lawrence. « Syntactic complexity and sentence processing ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708578.
Texte intégral
39
Whitlock, Jordan Ashley. « Retrieval mechanisms in sentence comprehension ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90177.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis: S.M., Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 30).
This work investigates the nature of the memory mechanisms utilized in language comprehension. Through the use of the Speed Accuracy Tradeoff (SAT) paradigm (Wickelgren, 1977), healthy young adults were studied for the use of parallel or serial search mechanisms to understand syntactically complex sentences with multiple embeddings. Systematically designed sentence stimuli tested whether the relevant memory mechanism differs when reanalysis is required. Results indicated that sentence length and syntactic ambiguity affected overall accuracy of sentence comprehension. The rate in which information was retrieved did not vary for most sentence types, but may have been affected by length in one type of sentence (ambiguous "early closure" sentences). The data support a parallel, content-addressable retrieval mechanism for information in most sentences but may provide evidence for serial search in ambiguous sentences that require complex syntactic reanalysis.
by Jordan Ashley Whitlock.
S.M.
40
Nicol, Janet Lee. « Coreference processing during sentence comprehension ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14421.
Texte intégral
41
Troyer, Melissa L. « Individual differences in sentence processing ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70388.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-122).
This thesis aims to elucidate shared mechanisms between retrieval in sentence processing and memory retrieval processes in nonlinguistic domains using an individual differences approach. Prior research in individual differences in sentence processing has provided conflicting evidence as to whether the same memory mechanisms operate in linguistic processing, potentially a quite specialized cognitive domain, and in other, more general areas of cognition (Just & Carpenter, 1992; Caplan & Waters, 1999). This question has been primarily addressed from the point of view of capacity-based theories of working memory (Baddeley, 1986). Under these theories, verbal working memory is either comprised of multiple components including separate components for syntactic and non-syntactic verbal processing, or is dependent on a unitary pool of resources shared across all verbal domains. However, recent memory research has suggested that the capacity-theory architecture may be incorrect. Instead of a three-part memory system composed of focal attention, working memory, and long-term memory, a better model of the memory system may be bipartite, comprising focal attention and long-term memory. In the bipartite theory, working memory is viewed as a set of mechanisms mediating between these two stores, and accurately describes empirical data (McElree, 2006). If the latter hypothesis is correct, then it follows that the bipartite system underlying sentence processing should rely on the same set of working memory mechanisms as in general memory processes. In particular, a number of empirical studies have shown that both general memory and sentence processing are subject to interference from contextually-relevant intervening elements. Such interference is thought to occur at retrieval (as opposed to encoding) both for general memory tasks (e.g., retrieving items from a list) and in sentence processing (e.g., retrieving elements in long-distance syntactic dependencies). However, no systematic attempts have been made to investigate whether this interference results from the same processing limitations. In Study 1, performance on a battery of memory and cognitive tasks is compared to performance on sentence processing tasks. One of the sentence processing tasks correlated with multiple measures likely to rely on general memory mechanisms involved in resolution of retrieval interference. However, low internal reliability of the language tasks in the first study was observed. In Study 2, a series of sentence processing tasks is examined in order to determine which tasks exhibit the highest internal reliability. The results indicate that syntactic complexity manipulations presented in null (isolated) contexts exhibit highest internal reliability and are good candidates for future studies investigating individual differences in sentence processing. Suggestions for future studies investigating shared resources between sentence processing tasks and general memory mechanism are then discussed, informed by the results from these studies.
by Melissa L. Troyer.
S.M.
42
Suckow, Katja. « Number interference in sentence processing ». Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/3f5df486-ac0e-4dd4-993d-67030376600e.
Texte intégral
43
Medcalf, Anne-Marie. « Jorai sentence and phrase structure ». Thesis, Medcalf, Anne-Marie (1989) Jorai sentence and phrase structure. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 1989. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/41252/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Jorai is a non written language spoken by 150,000 to 200,000 people living for the most part. in the highlands of central Vietnam. Notwithstanding strong Austroasiatic influences, it is largely accepted that it belongs to the Chamic group of the Western Austronesian family of languages.
The present description of Jorai sentence and phrase structure is based on the examples provided by a transcription of a Jorai myth edited and translated by the French ethnologist Jacques Dournes (1974, 1975), and a set of language lessons published by the Summer Institute of Linguistics and written by Siu Ha Dieu (1976). References are also made to texts pertaining not only to Jorai syntax but also to other Austronesian languages. Because of the small amount of original data considered and the lack of native speaker informants, this study, which largely follows the principles of transformational grammar only intends to be a preliminary description.
Three chapters divide the main body of this work. The first one concerns the three types of Jorai sentence patterns, namely the verbal, the equational and the existential patterns. In each case examples are provided while particular attention is given to the problems of topic ellipsis, word order variation and to the structures arising from the occurence of verbs of existence.
The second chapter is a discussion of the negatives, the passive voice and the moods which may respectively affect the structure of the sentence. The third chapter describes Jorai noun, adjective, adverbial, prepositional and verbal phrases with reference to their components and their possible reduplication and compounding.
The conclusion, finally draws attention to the further areas of research which could perhaps define more closely the links between Jorai and the larger Austronesian family it belongs to.
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Finney, Mianisha C. « Children's Sentence Comprehension : The Influence of Working Memory on Lexical Retrieval During Complex Sentence Processing ». Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1469804803.
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Finney, Mianisha C. « Simulating Specific Language Impairment : Effects of Sentence Length and Input Rate on Complex Sentence Comprehension ». Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1255023751.
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Chamala, Raghu Ram. « STUDIES TOWARD THE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (±)-α-YOHIMBINE BY DOUBLE ANNULATION ». UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/78.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The indole alkaloids, a class of natural products, have received much synthetic attention for years due to their diverse structures and interesting biological properties. We are particularly interested in synthesizing some of the yohimbine alkaloids extracted from the bark of a tall evergreen African tree (Corynanthe yohimbe, commonly known as fringe tree). Yohimbine and its stereoisomers have been tempting targets for synthetic organic chemists for more than fifty years. These compounds feature a pentacyclic ring system with two heteroatoms and five stereogenic centers.
Broadly, the fifteen different synthetic approaches that led to the successful completion of yohimbine alkaloids relied only on two basic synthetic strategies. In the first strategy, the last step almost always was the formation of the C(2)-C(3) bond by either Pictet-Spengler reaction or by Bischler-Napieralski reaction with the concomitant formation of the C ring. The second strategy involved the annulation of the D and E rings onto the intact ABC ring system.
With our double annulation methodology, herein, we report a completely different synthetic approach to access the yohimbine alkaloids, and our disconnections are not even remotely close to the synthetic designs used in the past. Our key steps include double Michael reaction to construct the E ring, an intramolecular cyclization to construct the D ring, and finally, the functionality on the D ring can be elaborated to form the C ring of the yohimbine alkaloids.
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Crombie, Aimee Lynn 1977. « Annulation strategies for the synthesis of azulenes and polycyclic nitrogen heterocycles ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/31113.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2004.Vita.
Includes bibliographical references.
Highly convergent annulation strategies have been developed for the synthesis of azulenes and polycyclic nitrogen heterocycles. Specifically, substituted azulenes have been synthesized via a ring expansion-annulation strategy based on n-halo diazo ketones. The method employs the use of readily available benzenoid starting materials and achieves the synthesis of azulenes substituted on both the five- and seven-membered rings regioselectively. The synthetic utility of the ring expansion annulation products, in particular azulenyl halides and triflates, has been demonstrated by their successful application in transition metal-mediated carbon-carbon bond forming reactions. These reactions have been used to further functionalize the five- and seven-membered rings and also in the synthesis of oligoazulenes and azulenylamino acid derivatives. In addition, polycyclic nitrogen heterocycles have been synthesized via a tandem ring forming strategy. The strategy employs a novel benzannulation reaction of substituted cyclobutenones with ynamides, which are synthesized via the strategy for the N-alkynylation of amides strategy developed in the Danheiser laboratory. The products of these benzannulation reactions, highly-substituted anilines, then participate in ring closing metathesis reactions to form various nitrogen heterocycles. In particular dihydroquinolines, hydrobenzoazepines, and hydrobenzoazocines were synthesized via this tandem ynamide benzannulation ring closing metathesis strategy.
by Aimee Lynn Crombie.
Ph.D.
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Niger, Robert J. « Application of organosilanes in [3 + 2] annulation approaches to carbocyclic compounds ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85342.
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Ladaycia, Abdelhamid. « Annulation d’interférences dans les systèmes MIMO et MIMO massifs (Massive MIMO) ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCD037.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les systèmes de communications MIMO utilisent des réseaux de capteurs qui peuvent s’étendre à de grandes dimensions (MIMO massifs) et qui sont pressentis comme solution potentielle pour les futurs standards de communications à très hauts débits. Un des problème majeur de ces systèmes est le fort niveau d’interférences dû au grand nombre d’émetteurs simultanés. Dans un tel contexte, les solutions ’classiques’ de conception de pilotes ’orthogonaux’ sont extrêmement coûteuses en débit utile permettant ainsi aux solutions d’identification de canal dites ’aveugles’ou ’semi-aveugles’ de revenir au-devant de la scène comme solutions intéressantes d’identification ou de déconvolution de ces canaux MIMO. Dans cette thèse, nous avons commencé par une analyse comparative des performances, en nous basant sur les CRB, afin de mesurer la réduction potentielle de la taille des séquences pilotes et ce en employant les méthodes dites semi-aveugles. Les résultats d’analyse montrent que nous pouvons réduire jusqu’à 95% des pilotes sans affecter les performances d’estimation du canal. Nous avons par la suite proposé de nouvelles méthodes d’estimation semi-aveugle du canal, permettant d’approcher la CRB. Nous avons proposé un estimateur semi-aveugle, LS-DF qui permet un bon compromis performance / complexité numérique. Un autre estimateur semi-aveugle de type sous-espace a aussi été proposé ainsi qu’un algorithme basé sur l’approche EM pour lequel trois versions à coût réduit ont été étudiées. Dans le cas d’un canal spéculaire, nous avons proposé un algorithme d’estimation paramétrique se basant sur l’estimation des temps d’arrivés combinée avec la technique DFMIMO systems use sensor arrays that can be of large-scale (massive MIMO) and are seen as a potential candidate for future digital communications standards at very high throughput. A major problem of these systems is the high level of interference due to the large number of simultaneous transmitters. In such a context, ’conventional’ orthogonal pilot design solutions are expensive in terms of throughput, thus allowing for the so-called ’blind’ or ’semi-blind’ channel identification solutions to come back to the forefront as interesting solutions for identifying or deconvolving these MIMO channels. In this thesis, we started with a comparative performance analysis, based on CRB, to quantify the potential size reduction of the pilot sequences when using semi-blind methods that jointly exploit the pilots and data. Our analysis shows that, up to 95% of the pilot samples can be suppressed without affecting the channel estimation performance when such semi-blind solutions are considered. After that, we proposed new methods for semi-blind channel estimation, that allow to approach the CRB. At first, we have proposed a SB estimator, LS-DF which allows a good compromise between performance and numerical complexity. Other SB estimators have also been introduced based on the subspace technique and on the ML approach, respectively. The latter is optimized via an EM algorithm for which three reduced cost versions are proposed. In the case of a specular channel model, we considered a parametric estimation method based on times of arrival estimation combined with the DF technique
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Goursaud-Brugeaud, Claire. « Réception multiutilisateurs par annulation parallèle d'interférences dans les systèmes CDMA optiques ». Limoges, 2006. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/da3ed647-bbdc-44b8-859d-4705756c4ab2/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0023.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La technique d’étalement de spectre ou CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), basée sur l’attribution à chaque utilisateur du réseau d’une séquence de code spécifique, est envisagée pour les réseaux optiques (CDMA Optique ou OCDMA) notamment comme solution de partage pour les futurs réseaux d’accès haut débits. Les principales sources de dégradation des performances sont l’IAM (Interférence d’Accès Multiple) due à l’unipolarité des codes utilisés, et les limitations liées à la nature du canal optique (bruits, dispersion chromatique,…). Dans cette thèse, différentes solutions de détection multi-utilisateurs OCDMA (SIC (Serial Interference Cancellation) et PIC (Parallel Interference Cancellation)) ont été explorées théoriquement et par simulation. La structure PIC a été plus particulièrement étudiée car elle présente l’avantage d’être peu coûteuse en temps et en complexité d’implantation. De plus, l’impact de la dispersion chromatique et du bruit thermique ont été évaluésThe multiple access technique CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), based on the allocation to each user of a specific and distinct code, is studied for application to high-speed optical communications (OCDMA (Optical CDMA)). The main degradation causes are Multiple Access Interference due to the codes unipolarity, and the optical channel limitations (noise, chromatic dispersion …). In this thesis, several multi-user receivers (SIC (Serial Interference Cancellation) and PIC (Parallel Interference Cancellation)) have been studied theoretically and by simulation. The most studied structure is the PIC, which does not need much time of computation, and is simple to implement. Moreover, the chromatic dispersion impact, and the noise impact have been evaluated