Articles de revues : « Animal pest »

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Loague, P. « Pest control and animal welfare ». New Zealand Journal of Zoology 20, n^o 4 (octobre 1993) : 253–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1993.10420340.

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van Gerwen, Maite A. A. M., Joachim Nieuwland, Hein A. van Lith et Franck L. B. Meijboom. « Dilemmas in the Management of Liminal Rodents—Attitudes of Dutch Pest Controllers ». Animals 10, n^o 9 (9 septembre 2020) : 1614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10091614.

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When non-human animals are labeled as ‘pests’, their moral status and welfare seem relatively unimportant. In a multi-stakeholder project, we develop an assessment frame for a more responsible rodent management that includes animal welfare. An online survey among 129 Dutch pest controllers was carried out in order to find out more about pest controllers’ attitudes about animal welfare. Respondents indicate to consider animal welfare in their job. They see differences in the welfare impact of different rodent control methods. A dilemma may occur when methods with a high impact, such as rodenticides, are ofttimes used in practice. Respondents also indicate that in different real-life scenarios (the hospital kitchen vs. the private backyard), a different weight may be attributed to the importance of animal welfare. Almost half of the respondents encounter difficulties when weighing animals against human interests. The problems are mainly related to clients who are not willing to invest sufficient money in preventive methods, where respondents do believe in. Some differences were found between respondents depending on membership of a professional association for pest controllers. The results of this study are relevant input for focus groups with pest controllers and their clients and for the development of the aforementioned assessment frame.

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Meek, Paul D., Guy A. Ballard et Peter J. S. Fleming. « Techniques and practices of Australian pest animal trappers ». Pacific Conservation Biology 25, n^o 3 (2019) : 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18044.

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We conducted a survey of trappers to gather baseline information on the trapping methods and humane practices used in Australia, the types of traps being used, and the attitudes of trappers. Respondents indicated that they mostly trapped wild dogs and foxes with feral cats as by-catch; rabbits were trapped to a lesser degree. Respondents favoured Jake and Victor #3 traps for the capture of wild dogs. Victor #1.5, #3 and Jake traps were also favoured for capturing foxes and feral cats. Although some trappers placed up to four traps together in a set, a single trap per set was the most commonly reported approach. Trap maintenance varied between individuals but most said they checked traps for problems during deployment. Respondents preferred the term ‘rubber jawed traps’ over the plethora of other synonyms in current use. All respondents were cognisant of animal welfare requirements but their acceptance and adoption of related trapping methods varied. Most did not believe that licensing was required to govern trapping practices in Australia. Euthanasia was most commonly undertaken by shooting the captured animal in the head, although rabbits and some non-target animals were reportedly dispatched by a blow to the head. This is the first survey of Australian trappers and provides a benchmark for understanding trapping culture, practices and practitioner expectations so these can be considered in policy development and implementation.

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Jankovic, Ljiljana, Vladimir Draskovic, Stefan Pintaric, Milorad Mirilovic, Spomenka Djuric, Nada Tajdic et Radislava Teodorovic. « Rodent pest control ». Veterinarski glasnik 73, n^o 2 (2019) : 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl190507020j.

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Background. Rodent pests are natural reservoirs and vectors of a vast array of human and animal diseases caused by bacteria, rickettsia, viruses, protozoans, fungi and some parasites. The most important risk factor for human infection with Trichinella is the rearing of pigs on small farms and by rural households, if rodent pest control is not conducted regularly. Rodent pests cause economic losses by consuming, contaminating and/or damaging foods intended for human or animal consumption. Scope and Approach. The aim of this work is to point out the epidemiological and epizootiological importance of regular rodent control, and the importance of integrated use of all measures in deratization, as well as mistakes which can be made in implementing this procedure. Key Findings and Conclusions. The control of populations of pest synanthropic and hemisynanthropic rodents is a very complex and delicate task to carry out. Given all characteristics of the majority of rodent pest species, e.g. high reproductive potential, extraordinary adaptation to life in a variety of habitats and ability to develop resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides, the issue of controlling the number of rodent pests is considerably more problematic than it might seem at first glance. Therefore, appropriate scientific and professional knowledge is necessary to accomplish effective rodent control, which if done improperly, can have far-reaching negative consequences for human populations, non-target species and workers performing the task.

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Valkonen, J. P. T. « Animal-plant-microbe interactions and integrated pest management ». Annals of Applied Biology 162, n^o 3 (25 avril 2013) : 285–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aab.12027.

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Kirkwood, JK. « Assessing the humaneness of pest animal control methods ». Animal Welfare 18, n^o 1 (février 2009) : 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600000142.

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Littin, KE. « Animal welfare and pest control : meeting both conservation and animal welfare goals ». Animal Welfare 19, n^o 2 (mai 2010) : 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600001421.

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Mason, G., et K. E. Littin. « The Humaneness of Rodent Pest Control ». Animal Welfare 12, n^o 1 (février 2003) : 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600025355.

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AbstractRat and mouse control methods potentially affect the welfare of many millions of animals every year. Here, the humaneness of the methods used in the UK and the USA is assessed in terms of their speed and mode of action, the appearance and behaviour of affected animals, experiences of human victims, long-term effects on animals that survive exposure, and welfare risks to non-target animals. Several methods emerge as relatively humane: cyanide, alpha-chloralose, electrocution traps and well-designed snap traps all usually kill swiftly and with little distress. Preventative methods such as rodent-proofing are also humane, as well as an essential — and probably under-used — component of effective control. However, anticoagulant poisons, the most common means of controlling rodents, generally take several days to kill, during which time they cause distress, disability and/or pain. Sub-lethally affected animals are also likely to experience haemorrhages and their sequelae, and carnivores feeding on affected rodents may be secondarily poisoned. The acute rodenticides zinc phosphide and calciferol are also generally inhumane, the former typically causing severe pain for several hours, and the latter, pain and illness for several days. Sticky boards, to which rodents become adhered by the feet and fur until they are killed or simply eventually die, also raise very serious welfare concerns. This evidence highlights remarkable paradoxes in the way society treats different classes of animal, and argues for more education, legislation and research targeted at reducing the vast numbers of rodents currently killed inhumanely.

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Woolnough, Andrew P., Glenn Edwards et Quentin Hart. « Feral camels : a nationally significant pest animal requiring a national management approach ». Rangeland Journal 38, n^o 2 (2016) : 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj15098.

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Managing established pest animals is difficult. The complexity increases significantly when the pest animal is found across the remote arid interior of a continent (Australia), the impacts (both positive and negative) are unclear, and there is a diverse array of affected stakeholders. This paper describes how the generation of primary scientific evidence was critical for the development of a national policy approach (the National Feral Camel Action Plan). The combination of evidence and policy led to the development and implementation of the Australian Feral Camel Management Project. This project offered the opportunity to implement a wide range of management interventions across the affected jurisdictions. The strengths of the Australian Feral Camel Management Project included having high-level support, participation by all affected stakeholders in partnerships, strong governance and a clear project management approach, underpinned by clear policy and scientific evidence. We believe that the evidence-based policy approach used in this project can be used as a template for the management of other established pest animals that are considered to be in need of requiring national coordination.

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Bengsen, Andrew, Rhett Robinson, Cameron Chaffey, Jason Gavenlock, Vanessa Hornsby, Rob Hurst et Mark Fosdick. « Camera trap surveys to evaluate pest animal control operations ». Ecological Management & ; Restoration 15, n^o 1 (janvier 2014) : 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/emr.12086.

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Woolnough, Andrew P., Peter B. West et Glen R. Saunders. « Institutional knowledge as a tool for pest animal management ». Ecological Management and Restoration 5, n^o 3 (décembre 2004) : 226–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-8903.2004.209-7.x.

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Alspach, Richard. « Pest problems : The view of the Animal Health Board ». New Zealand Journal of Zoology 20, n^o 4 (octobre 1993) : 245–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1993.10420337.

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Yeates, James. « What can pest management learn from laboratory animal ethics ? » Pest Management Science 66, n^o 3 (mars 2010) : 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.1870.

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Littin, K. « A model for assessing animal welfare in pest control ». Animal Welfare 21, n^o 4 (novembre 2012) : 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600004255.

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Zhang, Tongqian, Xinzhu Meng, Yi Song et Tonghua Zhang. « A STAGE-STRUCTURED PREDATOR-PREY SI MODEL WITH DISEASE IN THE PREY AND IMPULSIVE EFFECTS ». Mathematical Modelling and Analysis 18, n^o 4 (1 septembre 2013) : 505–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13926292.2013.840866.

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This paper aims to develop a high-dimensional SI model with stage structure for both the prey (pest) and the predator, and then to investigate the dynamics of it. The model can be used for the study of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) which is a combination of constant pulse releasing of animal enemies and diseased pests at two different fixed moments. Firstly, we use analytical techniques for impulsive delay differential equations to obtain the conditions for global attractivity of the ‘pest-free’ periodic solution and permanence of the population model. It shows that the conditions strongly depend on time delay, impulsive release of animal enemies and infective pests. Secondly, we present a pest management strategy in which the pest population is kept under the economic threshold level (ETL) when the pest population is permanent. Finally, numerical analysis is presented to illustrate our main conclusion.

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Bangun, Rahmat Tampune, et Hasanul Fahmi. « Perancangan Sistem Perangkap Hama Tanaman Petani Otomatis Menggunakan Modul Mikrokontroler Arduino ». Jurnal Nasional Komputasi dan Teknologi Informasi (JNKTI) 4, n^o 1 (14 février 2021) : 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32672/jnkti.v4i1.2663.

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An animal can also be called a pest if it causes damage to natural ecosystems or acts as an agent for spreading disease in human habitats. The pest in question is a mouse-like animal that aims to make a trap using a load cell weight sensor with an Arduino microcontroller module. The scope of the problem in this research is the cultivation of maize and paddy fields in Mardingding District, Karo Regency. For testing purposes, 3 trials are used, respectively, corn and rice fields. The variable is limited to animals the size of a mouse. The purpose of this research is to build a plant pest trapping device using the Arduino uno micro controller module which can make it easier to catch pests efficiently. Farmers no longer need to control within a certain period of time. so it can save time and energy to do other jobs. The application is built using the programming language used is the C language and the Arduino IDE with notification to farmers only via short messages via cellphones.

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E. Baker, Sandra, Stephanie A. Maw, Paul J. Johnson et David W. Macdonald. « Not in My Backyard : Public Perceptions of Wildlife and ‘Pest Control’ in and around UK Homes, and Local Authority ‘Pest Control’ ». Animals 10, n^o 2 (30 janvier 2020) : 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10020222.

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Human–wildlife conflict occurs globally. Attempts to control ‘pest’ wildlife involve killing and harming the welfare of animals on a vast scale. We examined public perceptions of 10 wildlife species/groups and wildlife management, in and around UK homes, and public authority ‘pest control’ provision, in an effort to identify ethical, welfare-friendly ways to reduce conflict. Most people reported never having problems with each of the 10 species, and reported problems for some species were largely tolerated. Wasps, mice, and rats were the most frequently problematic species, the least tolerated, and those for which local authorities most often offered pest control services. Do-It-Yourself pest control was preferred over professional control, except for with wasps. People wanted control to be quick, lasting, and safe for people and non-target animals. Where people accepted lethal control, they were nevertheless concerned for animal welfare. Drivers of pest status were complex, while drivers of demand for control were fewer and species-specific. Local authority pest control provision increased over the four years studied, but only half of councils offered advice on preventing/deterring wildlife; this advice was patchy and variable in quality. Greater focus is required on preventing/deterring rather than controlling wildlife problems. Councils should provide standardised, comprehensive advice on prevention/deterrence and prevention/deterrence services.

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Smythe, Brandon G., Ramon Zepeda et Jerome Hogsette. « Establishing a Method to Evaluate the Efficacy of Compounds Aimed at Repelling Horn Fly (Diptera : Muscidae) Infestations on Cattle in a Laboratory Setting ». Journal of Economic Entomology 113, n^o 6 (23 septembre 2020) : 3011–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa208.

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Abstract Use of nonpesticidal chemicals to minimize or eliminate horn fly (Haematobia irritans) populations on cattle could be helpful in combating insecticide resistance. One recent approach is the use of natural products with repellent properties against the target pest. A rapid on-animal evaluation system that accounts for both host and pest interactions and bypasses the need for costly multiyear field assessments is needed. The objective of this study was to develop a system to quantify product repellency of horn flies on cattle in a laboratory setting. Animal pair treatment groups were utilized to assess product efficacy and carrier effects across three experimental trials. A treatment solution consisting of 3% geraniol in mineral oil was the natural product repellent. Horn fly populations on animal pairs receiving the geraniol treatment were significantly reduced when compared with untreated animal pairs. However, animal pairs receiving a mineral oil-only treatment showed reduced horn fly populations similar to animals treated with mineral oil plus geraniol. Thus, there was a strong carrier effect that could be difficult to distinguish in the field but was easily observed using laboratory methods.

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Riley, Sophie. « Brighton v Will : The Legal Chasm between Animal Welfare and Animal Suffering ». Animals 10, n^o 9 (24 août 2020) : 1497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10091497.

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Through the mechanism of statutory interpretation, courts can narrow or widen the legal concept of animal cruelty. This was starkly brought to light in the case of Brighton v Will, where the Supreme Court of New South Wales held that stabbing a dog six times with a pitchfork and then killing him with a mallet, did not amount to serious animal cruelty. This finding was the result of the Court’s applying a textual interpretation to the NSW Crimes Act, concluding that the appellant was simply exterminating a pest. Yet, animal law in NSW comprises more than legislation, extending to a raft of plans and strategies which provide background and context for regulation. This article argues that a contextual interpretation would have been more appropriate, leading to enquiries whether the dog was rightfully classified as a pest, as well as whether the law should have considered the manner in which the dog was killed. An equally relevant issue stems from the relationship between animal suffering and animal welfare, a connection which hinges on the ambit of anti-cruelty legislation. The latter permits a range of exceptions and defences that permit justification of cruelty, magnifying the chasm between animal suffering and animal welfare. This chasm is also not diminished by legal interpretations of cruelty that focus on whether killing is justified, while ignoring the method of killing.

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Schuurman, Nora, et Karin Dirke. « From pest to pet. Liminality, domestication and animal agency in the killing of rats and cats ». TRACE ∴ Journal for Human-Animal Studies 6, n^o 1 (9 juin 2020) : 2–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.23984/fjhas.86934.

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The ways in which the end of life of an animal is understood and undertaken depend on the category of the animal and its position in relation to humans. In this paper, we explore how transformations in human–animal relationality, including practices and cultural conceptions about animals become apparent in the norms and practices regarding the killing of animals. We focus here on rats and cats, species whose position in society has always been liminal, especially between the category of pet and that of pest but also between wild and domesticated. Rats and cats have co-existed with each other and with humans since a very long time and the three species have co-evolved in a constant dance of mutual interests and conflicts. The shared history of this multispecies network reflects in many ways how humans have related to animals in different historical and spatial contexts and how these relations have transformed. By discussing the entanglement of rats, cats and humans in the close connection between caring and killing we wish to highlight the ways in which human–animal relations are manifested in the North of Europe during the 20th century. The specific context of the study is Sweden and Finland, countries that share similar history and cultural characteristics. In our analysis we draw from various data collected in both countries, including written narratives from an nationwide writing collection and historic documents such as the journals of animal welfare societies and documents concerning the extermination of rats.

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Shortall, Chris R., Sarah A. M. Perryman, Kirstie Halsey et Jon S. West. « The Potential of Fluorescence Imaging to Distinguish Insect Pest and Non-pest Species ». Outlooks on Pest Management 33, n^o 1 (1 février 2022) : 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v33_feb_05.

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Studying the presence and movement of insects is important in biological research for practical purposes regarding control of pests and environmental monitoring. Detection of insects by conventional trapping (e.g. the Rothamsted Insect Survey) and tracking technologies (e.g. the Rothamsted Radar Entomology Unit) have been effective for monitoring and forecasting pest migration but often require significant investment in capital costs and/or staff time. Insect detection using imaging of natural fluorescence (without additional fluorescent dyes) has been considered less, and much of the work on natural fluorescence in the animal world has been on marine organisms. Work on terrestrial arthropods has been more limited and restricted primarily to non-insect arthropods. Very early work on the distribution of fluorescent pigments in butterflies was demonstrated using long wave mercury vapour lamps followed by more work in the 1950s on butterflies, arthropods; including beetles, spiders and millipedes, cockroaches and eggs of Orthoptera. These studies often involved qualitative approaches; dissecting the animals and investigating internal organs and fluids for fluorescence as well as whole body studies. More recent studies have included quantitative work on butterflies and pest insects plus fluorescence studies in damselflies, moths, millipedes, bees and spiders. Fluorescence in juvenile stages is a property used for detection of flies and beetles in food stuffs. The vast majority of insects, however, have not been investigated for fluorescence and even in those taxa that have been studied, e.g. butterflies, the dataset is incomplete. The easiest way to observe fluorescence is to illuminate a subject with a known waveband of light in otherwise darkness and view or record an image via a filter that blocks the wavelength of the illuminating light. Any light viewed or captured at a different wavelength to the illumination, must have been produced by fluorescence. In contrast, some living organisms themselves can produce light or luminescence by internal chemical means. This work aimed to look at the potential of using natural fluorescence to detect and identify insects, particularly pests.

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Rowen, Elizabeth, John F. Tooker et Carmen K. Blubaugh. « Managing fertility with animal waste to promote arthropod pest suppression ». Biological Control 134 (juillet 2019) : 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2019.04.012.

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Rotkin, A. T. « Environmental problems of insecticides application in agriculture to combat blood-sucking dipterous insects ». Вестник российской сельскохозяйственной науки, n^o 6 (15 décembre 2023) : 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/2500-2082/2023/6/100-103.

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This article discusses scientific studies that indicate the negative factors that arise when using insecticides to combat blood-sucking diptera insects. Diptera insects are carriers of viral diseases of humans and animals, such as anthrax, tularemia, diphtheria, anaplasmosis and others. They also contribute to the transmission of invasive diseases, which further increases their harmfulness. To reduce the economic damage caused by insects, various preventive and extermination measures are used, where the main method is the use of insecticides. However, more and more studies point to the negative impact of chemical insecticides on the environment and non-target organisms, including humans. This may indicate that the scale of the use of insecticidal drugs is far ahead of the study of the consequences associated with their use. Therefore, the current situation requires a reassessment of this approach to pest control. To collect information, a search was made for scientific papers in Russian and foreign sources on the negative consequences of the use of insecticides and alternative approaches to pest control. Research in this area is necessary to develop effective and environmentally friendly pest control strategies and minimize losses in animal husbandry. To overcome the environmental problems associated with the use of insecticides in animal husbandry, an integrated approach is considered, which includes a variety of tactics based on alternative methods of disinsection and combining mechanical, cultural, biological and chemical methods of pest control while minimizing the use of insecticides.

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Cook, David. « A Historical Review of Management Options Used against the Stable Fly (Diptera : Muscidae) ». Insects 11, n^o 5 (15 mai 2020) : 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11050313.

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The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), remains a significant economic pest globally in situations where intensive animal production or horticultural production provide a suitable developmental medium. Stable flies have been recorded as pests of livestock and humans since the late 1800s to early 1900s. Over 100 years of research has seen numerous methodologies used to control this fly, in particular to protect cattle from flies to minimise production losses. Reduced milk production in dairy cows and decreased weight gain in beef cattle account for losses in the US alone of > $2000 million annually. Rural lifestyles and recreation are also seriously affected. Progress has been made on many control strategies against stable fly over a range of chemical, biological, physical and cultural options. This paper reviews management options from both a historical and a technical perspective for controlling this pest. These include the use of different classes of insecticides applied to affected animals as toxicants or repellents (livestock and humans), as well as to substrates where stable fly larvae develop. Arthropod predators of stable flies are listed, from which potential biological control agents (e.g., wasps, mites, and beetles) are identified. Biopesticides (e.g., fungi, bacteria and plant-derived products) are also discussed along with Integrated Pest Management (IPM) against stable flies for several animal industries. A review of cultural and physical management options including trapping, trap types and methodologies, farm hygiene, scheduled sanitation, physical barriers to fly emergence, livestock protection and amendments added to animal manures and bedding are covered. This paper presents a comprehensive review of all management options used against stable flies from both a historical and a technical perspective for use by any entomologist, livestock producer or horticulturalist with an interest in reducing the negative impact of this pest fly.

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Mathews, F. « Wild animal conservation and welfare in agricultural systems ». Animal Welfare 19, n^o 2 (mai 2010) : 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096272860000141x.

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AbstractAt least one-third of the land on earth is used for agricultural production and conflicts with the interests of wildlife are inevitable. These conflicts are likely to escalate as the human population expands and as the scale and intensity of agricultural production increases. This paper argues that the same underlying causes frequently affect both wild animal welfare and conservation. Three key threats are discussed: disease transmission from domestic animals and the interventions used to manage wildlife reservoirs of zoonotic diseases; physical operations such as harvesting and the conversion of wildlife habitat to farmland; and the use of agrochemicals, particularly for pest control. While direct effects, such as accidental poisoning, tend to attract the most public attention, it is argued that indirect effects, such as the reduction in food supplies or the disruption of social structures, are likely to be of greater importance. The suffering of pest animals has traditionally been undervalued. There is a need for broader adoption of integrated, ecologically based strategies which minimise suffering and also minimise the numbers of animals involved by preventing population resurgence. New research is urgently required to compare the effects of alternative, economically viable farming strategies on both wildlife conservation and welfare, possibly within the framework of ecosystem services assessments.

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Fraser, D., et AM MacRae. « Four types of activities that affect animals : implications for animal welfare science and animal ethics philosophy ». Animal Welfare 20, n^o 4 (novembre 2011) : 581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600003213.

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AbstractPeople affect animals through four broad types of activity: (1) people keep companion, farm, laboratory and captive wild animals, often while using them for some purpose; (2) people cause deliberate harm to animals through activities such as slaughter, pest control, hunting, and toxicology testing; (3) people cause direct but unintended harm to animals through crop production, transportation, night-time lighting, and many other human activities; and (4) people harm animals indirectly by disturbing ecological systems and the processes of nature, for example by destroying habitat, introducing foreign species, and causing pollution and climate change. Each type of activity affects vast numbers of animals and raises different scientific and ethical challenges. In Type 1 activities (keeping animals), the challenge is to improve care, sometimes by finding options that benefit both people and animals. In Type 2 activities (deliberate harm), the challenge is to avoid compounding intentional harms with additional, unintended harms, such as animal suffering. For Type 3 and 4 activities, the challenges are to understand the unintended and indirect harms that people cause, to motivate people to recognise and avoid such harms, and to find less harmful ways of achieving human goals. With Type 4 activities, this may involve recognising commonalities between animal welfare, conservation and human well-being. Animal welfare science and animal ethics philosophy have traditionally focused on Type 1 and 2 activities. These fields need to include Type 3 and 4 activities, especially as they increase with human population growth.

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Clayton, Richard, et Phil Cowan. « Management of animal and plant pests in New Zealand - patterns of control and monitoring by regional agencies ». Wildlife Research 37, n^o 5 (2010) : 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr09072.

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Context. Significant resources are spent annually in New Zealand controlling pests to mitigate impacts on native biodiversity and agricultural production, but there are few reliable estimates of the benefits. Concerns have been expressed about inconsistent monitoring methodologies, differing frequencies and intensities of control across organisations, and poor definition of desired outcomes. Aims. To conduct and report on a survey of animal and plant pest control and monitoring by regional agencies, to identify issues with current practice and to provide advice on improvements. Methods. We surveyed 15 regional agencies in New Zealand about the pest control and associated monitoring undertaken during 2005–08. We recorded the pests targeted, the control work done and its operational details, any result and/or outcome monitoring conducted, and estimated costs. Key results. About 21% of the NZ$20 million expenditure on pest control was for monitoring. Excluding compliance (62%), monitoring changes in pest populations accounted for 31% of the total monitoring expenditure, whereas only 7% was spent measuring response in the resource that was supposedly being protected. The most common monitoring design (71%) comprised a single treatment area with no non-treatment area, in which only results were monitored. Only three programs (4%) had both treatment and non-treatment areas and both results and outcome monitoring. Conclusions. Such limited outcome monitoring constrains severely the ability of regional and local authorities to provide robust justification for their pest management activities and expenditures. Implications. Improved outcome monitoring requires better design of and additional resources for monitoring programs, improved institutional/political support for long-term programs, and better definition of long-term outcomes and objectives for pest management.

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Norris, Logan A. « Implementing Forest Pest Management Practices in the USA : Problems and Solutions ». Forestry Chronicle 61, n^o 3 (1 juin 1985) : 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc61243-3.

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Implementation of effective pest management strategies in intensive forestry is impeded by educational, technical, administrative, and legal problems. Some of the immediate problems can be solved through improved forestry education and research. Solution of the educational and technical problems, together with relief in the administrative and legal areas, will improve the integration of pest management into intensive forest management programs. Key words: Integrated pest management, weeds, insects, disease, animal damage, education, legislation.

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PRESCOTT, Colin, et Chris FEARE. « New perspectives and progress in vertebrate pest management : The 6th European Vertebrate Pest Management Conference ». Integrative Zoology 5, n^o 1 (mars 2010) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00184.x.

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GRIFFIN, CARL J. « ‘Some inhuman wretch’ : Animal Maiming and the Ambivalent Relationship between Rural Workers and Animals ». Rural History 25, n^o 2 (4 septembre 2014) : 133–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095679331400003x.

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Abstract:The daily lives of many rural workers were intertwined with animals: those they kept, those in the wild, and those they were employed to work with and care for. And yet despite the importance of this connection, work in rural history has tended, with some notable exceptions, to conceive of animals as fleshy capital, game, or pest. In part this is because the archive does not tend to describe the relationships between workers and animals. This paper contends, however, that the archive of animal maiming offers important detail for beginning to understand the connection. While animal maiming was necessarily rooted in violence, with its various forms essentially involving the mutilation and violation of animals, nonetheless episodes of animal maiming can tell us much about the politics of giving care to animals. Examining episodes of animal maiming also allows us to understand how the non-human helped to constitute the relationships between humans, especially the uneven bond between employer and worker, as well as the complex, and often contradictory, attitudes of rural workers to animals.

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Mcilroy, JC, et EJ Gifford. « Effects on non-target animal populations of a rabbit trail-baiting campaign with 1080 poison ». Wildlife Research 18, n^o 3 (1991) : 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910315.

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Populations of non-target birds and mammals on a semi-cleared grazing property near Braidwood, New South Wales, did not appear to be affected by a trail-baiting campaign against rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus, using pellet bait and 1080 poison. Rabbit numbers were reduced by about 90% and those of the fox, Vulpes vulpes, another exotic pest, by about 75%. Populations of both pest species began recovering soon after the campaign, indicating the need for continued control measures.

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Edde, Peter A., et Thomas W. Phillips. « Integrated Pest Management Strategies for Cigarette Beetle Control in the Tobacco Industry – A Mini Review ». Contributions to Tobacco & ; Nicotine Research 31, n^o 2 (1 juillet 2022) : 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2022-0009.

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Summary The cigarette beetle (CB), Lasioderma serricorne (Cole-optera: Ptinidae), is a major insect pest to the tobacco industry worldwide. This insect is also a major pest of raw grains such as rough rice, and postharvest foods like certain high-value grain products like pet food, animal feed, breakfast cereals and various dried herbs and spices. Pest control methods and systematic integrated pest management (IPM) strategies are required for the CB in the tobacco industry to prevent economic damage to cured tobacco leaves in storages as well as finished products in retail and distribution chains. This paper presents an overview of the problem of CB infestation in the tobacco industry and describes and discusses strategies and IPM practices for managing the pest.

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Spencer, Peter B. S., et Andrew P. Woolnough. « Size should matter : Distribution and genetic considerations for pest animal management ». Ecological Management and Restoration 5, n^o 3 (décembre 2004) : 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-8903.2004.209-9.x.

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Hinkle, Nancy C., et Leslie A. Hickle. « California Caged Layer Pest Management Evaluation ». Journal of Applied Poultry Research 8, n^o 3 (octobre 1999) : 327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/japr/8.3.327.

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Artois, M. « Managing problem wildlife in the ‘Old World’ : a veterinary perspective ». Reproduction, Fertility and Development 9, n^o 1 (1997) : 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/r96090.

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This paper focuses on mammalian pest species mainly in Europe and Africa and on implications for animal health, human safety, wildlife management and animal welfare. Three examples of problem species are presented: the wild boar (Sus scrofa), the stray dog (Canis familiaris) and the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Several species are reservoirs or vectors of transmissible diseases of man and of economically valuable domestic species. The control of these and other infections and the limitation of the nuisance or damage caused by these pest species involves lethal or non-lethal methods which are briefly reviewed. Some control measures require veterinary expertise, and veterinary involvement in managing problem species is likely to increase. With regard to fertility control, methods are considered which will allow an appropriate choice of the best technique for the management of problem animals in various habitats. For desirable native species, traditional methods of control, especially hunting in the case of game species, is preferable to contraception. For exotic or feral species, control of fertility seems to be a worthwhile option.

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GAO, Yu-lin, et Wen-wu ZHOU. « Potato insect pest management ». Journal of Integrative Agriculture 19, n^o 2 (février 2020) : 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2095-3119(19)62852-2.

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Kogan, Marcos, et Waheed I. Bajwa. « Integrated pest management : a global reality ? » Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil 28, n^o 1 (mars 1999) : 01–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0301-80591999000100001.

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The expression "Integrated Pest Management" (IPM or MIP in Portuguese) is completing 28 years since it first appeared in press. Since then integrated pest management or integrated pest control has become the paradigm of choice for activities that aim at attenuating the impact of all pests - plant diseases, weeds, and invertebrate or vertebrate animals - in agricultural production, in human and animal health, and in urban or rural structures. Despite the nearly universal acceptance of the concept, its practical application still is rather restricted, varying considerably among geopolitical regions, the nature of the crop, and, mainly, with the commitment and support of responsible governmental entities for programs dedicated to promote adoption of IPM. An objective assessment of the successful incorporation of IPM in agricultural practices is difficult because: a) lack of rigorous criteria to distinguish an IPM program from other traditional pest control activities, b) absence of a broadly based consensus on a definition of IPM, and c) paucity of reliable quantitative surveys of the agricultural area under IPM. Some have used the percentage of pesticide use reduction as a measure of the success of IPM. This measure, however, in the absence of other criteria, may not be appropriate for in some parts of the world introduction of IPM may lead to an increase in pesticide use, not a reduction. In our search to assess the expansion of IPM programs in the world, we concluded that it is essential to first achieve a consensus on the criteria to measure the nature of the program. In general these criteria depend on the level of IPM integration, the nature of the pests, the value of the crop, the availability of alternative control technologies, and the associated economic, environmental, and social risks. In view of the small volume of available data and in the absence of objective measurements of performance criteria, we opted to use as title for this paper an assertion to be questioned: is indeed IPM a global reality?

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Matthews, G. A. « Cotton Insect Pest Control ». Outlook on Agriculture 18, n^o 4 (décembre 1989) : 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708901800406.

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Despite competition from other natural and man-made fibres cotton remains the world's most important textile, of great economic importance in many of the countries in which it is grown. It is prone to a number of pests which reduce yield and the control of these presents many problems. While integrated pest management can solve many of these, some use of insecticides cannot be avoided.

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Corbet, Philip S. « Bioregulators for pest control ». Agriculture, Ecosystems & ; Environment 17, n^o 3-4 (septembre 1986) : 297–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(86)90053-8.

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Beirne, Bryan P. « Ethics in pest control ». Agriculture, Ecosystems & ; Environment 15, n^o 2-3 (mars 1986) : 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(86)90093-9.

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Corbet, Philip S. « Pest resistance to pesticides ». Agriculture, Ecosystems & ; Environment 15, n^o 1 (janvier 1986) : 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(86)90116-7.

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Sunarjo, Pius I. « Pest management in cotton ». Agriculture, Ecosystems & ; Environment 36, n^o 3-4 (août 1991) : 252–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(91)90027-u.

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Brooks, G. T. « Naturally occurring pest bioregulators ». Agriculture, Ecosystems & ; Environment 39, n^o 3-4 (avril 1992) : 279–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(92)90061-f.

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Bale, Jeff, et National Research Council. « Ecologically Based Pest Management ». Journal of Animal Ecology 66, n^o 1 (janvier 1997) : 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/5971.

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Desoky, Abd El-Aleem. « The most important animal pest is the possibility of transmitting or reservoirs the Corona virus ». Biomedical Research and Clinical Reviews 4, n^o 2 (18 juin 2021) : 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2692-9406/059.

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Although the bat has unique characteristics compared to other mammals, but it currently enjoys a poor reputation, especially after being linked to being the source of the Corona virus, as international researchers recently published a large-scale research, which is the largest of its kind, about corona viruses in the bat, If this hypothesis is correct, then the Corona virus will be added to other dangerous viruses carried by the bat bird. The bird had caused, years ago, the spread of viruses such as “SARS” and “MERS”, because the bat can carry different viruses without getting sick. The bat is a "reservoir for viruses" that have caused a number of diseases and epidemics in Africa, Malaysia, Bangladesh and Australia. It is not limited to the mentioned viruses, as the bat carries an "Ebola" infection, and the "rabies" virus also carries. Other mammals. It is possible that other animal pests such as rodents may be related to reservoiror transmitting the Corona virus.

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Mykrä, Sakari, Timo Vuorisalo et Mari Pohja-Mykrä. « A history of organized persecution and conservation of wildlife : species categorizations in Finnish legislation from medieval times to 1923 ». Oryx 39, n^o 3 (3 juin 2005) : 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605305000797.

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Attitudes towards wild animals are reflected through history in various categorizations of species. For example, changes in the useful-harmful dichotomy of species have affected policy decisions during the long history of organized pest persecution as well as during the much more recent rise of nature conservation. The first hunting legislation in Finland dates back more than 650 years, to times when the country belonged to the Kingdom of Sweden. From those times to the early 20th century various acts of law exhibited a marked variation in placing species into useful and harmful categories. The dichotomy seems to be based upon fundamental ecological interactions between humans and other species. We show that the varying interest in pest persecution as well as important conservation milestones have been associated with contemporary human-animal relations such as the attitudes of decision makers and laymen towards wild animals, and the public awareness of species conservation issues.

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Reddiex, Ben, et David M. Forsyth. « Control of pest mammals for biodiversity protection in Australia. II. Reliability of knowledge ». Wildlife Research 33, n^o 8 (2006) : 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr05103.

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Foxes, wild dogs, feral cats, rabbits, feral pigs, and feral goats are believed to have deleterious impacts on native biodiversity in Australia. However, although considerable resources have been expended controlling these six pest species, there are few reliable estimates of the effects of pest control on native biodiversity. We first show why reliable knowledge of the effects of pest animal control operations can be gained only by adopting proper experimental designs (i.e. treatment and non-treatment areas, replication, and random assignment of treatment and non-treatment areas) and monitoring of both the pest and biodiversity. We then review the design of 1915 pest control actions conducted with the aim of protecting native biodiversity in Australia during 1990–2003. Most (67.5%) pest control actions consisted of a single treatment area without monitoring of either the pest or biodiversity. Only 2.4% of pest control actions had one or more treatment and non-treatment areas, and very few treatment and non-treatment areas (0.3%) were randomly assigned. Replication of treatment and non-treatment areas occurred in only 1.0% of pest control actions. The field of wildlife management has been strongly criticised for its slow adoption of the tenets of experimentation to examine the effects of management actions, and our results show that this criticism applies to mammalian pest control in Australia. Until the principles of experimental design are adopted, knowledge of the effects of mammalian pest control in Australia will remain unreliable.

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Kaufman, Phillip E., Samantha M. Wisely et Jennifer L. Gillett-Kaufman. « Primary Screwworm Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Insecta : Diptera : Calliphoridae) ». EDIS 2016, n^o 7 (6 septembre 2016) : 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-in1146-2016.

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In October of 2016, the United States Department of Agriculture confirmed that the primary screwworm, also called the New World screwworm, has returned to Florida. The fly was found infesting Key deer on Big Pine Key. Key deer are an endangered species found only on the Florida Keys, and unfortunately several have died from the 2016 screwworm infestations, but the screwworm is not only a problem for deer and other wildlife. The pest poses a serious threat to all warm-blooded animals, including livestock, pets, and people, and it cost the US livestock industry billions of dollars before it was finally eradicated decades ago. This 5-page fact sheet provides more information about this dangerous pest and how to spot it, as well as what to do and whom to contact if you suspect an infestation in your livestock, pets, or in a wild animal. Written by Phillip E. Kaufman, Samantha M. Wisely, and Jennifer L. Gillett-Kaufman, and published by the Entomology and Nematology Department, October 2016. If you suspect an infestation of screwworms in an animal, do not move the animal (to prevent spreading the infestation). Call 1-800-HELP-FLA (1-800-435-7352) inside Florida. Non-Florida residents should call (850) 4120-3800. EENY-668/IN1146: Primary Screwworm Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Insecta: Diptera: Calliphoridae) (ufl.edu)

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Shanmugam, P. S., R. Balagurunathan . et N. Sathiah . « Biointensive Integrated Pest Management for Bt Cotton ». International Journal of Zoological Research 2, n^o 2 (15 mars 2006) : 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijzr.2006.116.122.

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Adhikari, Upama. « INSECT PEST MANAGEMENT : MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL TECHNIQUES ». Reviews In Food and Agriculture 3, n^o 1 (5 janvier 2022) : 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/rfna.01.2022.48.53.

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In order to survive and thrive in nature, every organism interacts with the ecosystem’s components, including insect pests. In most situations, the interaction of insects and pests with the ecosystem is detrimental and necessitates control measures. Successful and sustained pest control in agroecosystems is dependent on understanding of the approach, pest biology, and pest ecology. There are occasions when a farmer must use pesticides to control a pest infestation, but there are also numerous non-chemical options. Some of these options are classified as mechanical and physical controlling approaches. Physical and mechanical control measures, which are the oldest of all tactics used directly against pests, kill the pest, interrupt their usual behavior, or alter the environment to discourage pest activity. They are one-of-a-kind in that they have no or minimal negative environmental impacts and leave no residue on agricultural goods. Unlike pesticides, there is no need for official regulation/registration, which would necessitate millions of dollars in research to fulfill environmental and animal toxicity, food safety, and effectiveness criteria. This study has merely highlighted the most important findings in past and recent research on physical and mechanical insect pest management techniques.

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