Articles de revues : « Animal burrowing – Juvenile literature »

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Himes, John. « Burrowing ecology of the rare and elusive Louisiana pine snake, Pituophis ruthveni (Serpentes : Colubridae) ». Amphibia-Reptilia 22, n^o 1 (2001) : 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853801750096204.

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AbstractThe burrowing ecology of 12 adult and nine juvenile Louisiana pine snakes, Pituophis ruthveni, was studied during 1995-1997 in north-central Louisiana, U.S.A. Significantly more adult burrows connected to pocket gopher (Geomys breviceps) tunnels than did juvenile burrows, although a relatively high number of adult and juvenile snake burrows were blind-ended. Significantly more adult snake burrows were located in pine plantations and grasslands and significantly less were located in clearcuts than expected. Significantly more juvenile snake burrows were located in pine plantations than expected. Adult and juvenile snake burrows were located in areas that had relatively less leaf litter and canopy closure than expected. Excavation behavior by P. ruthveni was stereotyped and similar to excavation behavior by the bullsnake, Pituophis catenifer sayi and the northern pine snake, Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus.

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Griffin, Eboni, Martha Desmond et Dawn VanLeeuwen. « Juvenile Burrowing Owl Nighttime Space-Use In Southern New Mexico ». Journal of Raptor Research 52, n^o 2 (juin 2018) : 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3356/jrr-17-10.1.

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Zhang, Changsheng, Suyan Xue, Jiaqi Li, Jinghui Fang, Lulei Liu, Zhanfei Ma, Wenhan Yu, Haonan Zhuang et Yuze Mao. « Influences of Substrate Grain Size on the Burrowing Behavior of Juvenile Meretrix meretrix ». Animals 12, n^o 16 (16 août 2022) : 2094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12162094.

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The substrate is the key environmental factor that affects the growth, survival, population and distribution of dwelling mollusks in mudflat settings. To clarify the effect of the substrate grain size on soft substrate preference, burrowing ability and behavior during the selection process of juvenile Meretrix meretrix, four different grain size substrates (coarse sand, medium sand, fine sand, and natural substrate) were set up for comparison. The results indicated that: (1) the burrowing ability of juvenile specimens in fine sand was the strongest; (2) the degree (from high to low) of the juvenile’s preference for the four substrates was in the order of fine sand > natural substrate > medium sand > coarse sand; and (3) the selection process of the substrate by the juveniles could be divided into four stages: preparation, selection, burrowing and end stages. These stages showed the behavioral characteristics of a longer selection time and higher percentage of movement in coarse sand. Therefore, our results demonstrated that sea areas or ponds with fine sand as the main component are more suitable for stock enhancement with M. meretrix. These results provide basic data for habitat selection and suitability evaluations for the aquaculture of M. meretrix.

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Andrew King, R., et James R. Belthoff. « Post-Fledging Dispersal of Burrowing Owls in Southwestern Idaho : Characterization of Movements and use of Satellite Burrows ». Condor 103, n^o 1 (1 février 2001) : 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/103.1.118.

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Abstract Using radiotelemetry, we monitored dispersing juvenile Western Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) within a migratory population in southwestern Idaho during 1994 and 1995. Owls remained within natal areas for an average (± SE) of 58 ± 3.4 days post-hatching before moving permanently beyond 300 m, which was our operational cutoff for dispersal from the natal area. On average, owls dispersed on 27 July (range: 15 July to 22 August), which was approximately 4 weeks after fledging. After initiating dispersal, juveniles continued moving farther away from their natal burrows and, by 61–65 days post-hatching, they had moved 0.6 ± 0.2 km. Each juvenile used 5.1 ± 1.2 satellite burrows, and individual satellite burrows were used for up to 14 days. The average date on which we last sighted radio-tagged juveniles was 13 August, and all but one juvenile departed the study area by early September. Our study illustrates the importance of satellite burrows to dispersing Burrowing Owls.

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Mrykalo, Robert J., Melissa M. Grigione et Ronald J. Sarno. « Home Range and Dispersal of Juvenile Florida Burrowing Owls ». Wilson Journal of Ornithology 119, n^o 2 (juin 2007) : 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/06-018.1.

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Übernickel, Kirstin, Jaime Pizarro-Araya, Susila Bhagavathula, Leandro Paulino et Todd A. Ehlers. « Reviews and syntheses : Composition and characteristics of burrowing animals along a climate and ecological gradient, Chile ». Biogeosciences 18, n^o 20 (18 octobre 2021) : 5573–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5573-2021.

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Abstract. Although the burrowing activity of some species (e.g., gophers) is well studied, a comprehensive inventory of burrowing animals in adjacent biomes is not yet known, despite the potential importance of burrowing activity on the physical and chemical evolution of Earth's surface. In this study, we review the available information with a focus on the following: (a) an inventory of burrowing vertebrates and invertebrates along the climate and ecological gradient in Chile; (b) the dimensions and characteristics of burrows; and (c) calculation of excavation rates by local species compositions. Methods used include a literature compilation (> 1000 studies) of Chilean burrowing animal species integrated with global, species-specific excavation rates. A field study augments literature findings with quantification of the zoogeomorphic effects on hillslope mass transport at the animal community level and along the arid to humid–temperate climate gradient within the Chilean Coastal Cordillera (27–38∘ S latitude). The literature review indicates a minimum of 45 vertebrate and 345 invertebrate burrowing species distributed across Chile in different biomes. Burrowing depths for Chilean mammals range between 3 m (e.g., for skunks, Conepatus) and 0.25 m (for rock rats, Aconaemys). For invertebrates, burrowing depths in Chile range between 1 m for scorpions to 0.3 m for spiders. In comparison, globally documented maximum burrow depths reach up to more than 6 m for vertebrates (gopher tortoises and aardvarks) and 4 m for invertebrates (ants). Minimum excavation rates of local animal communities observed from field sites in Chile are 0.34 m3 ha−1 yr−1 for the arid site, 0.56 m3 ha−1 yr−1 for the semiarid site, 0.93 m3 ha−1 yr−1 for the mediterranean site and 0.09 m3 ha−1 yr−1 for the humid–temperate site, with the latter likely an underestimation. The calculated minimum Chilean excavation rates are within the large range of globally observed single species rates ranging between 0.01 and 56.20 m3 ha−1 yr−1 for vertebrates and from 0.01 to 37.31 m3 ha−1 yr−1 for invertebrates. Taken together, results not only highlight the diverse and latitudinally varying number of burrowing vertebrates and invertebrates present in different biomes, but also foster the understanding of how burrowing activity changes over a gradient and is influenced by mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, slope aspect and latitudinal-related incoming solar energy.

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Morgan Davies, J., et Marco Restani. « SURVIVAL AND MOVEMENTS OF JUVENILE BURROWING OWLS DURING THE POSTFLEDGING PERIOD ». Condor 108, n^o 2 (2006) : 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[282:samojb]2.0.co;2.

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Morgan Davies, J., et Marco Restani. « Survival and Movements of Juvenile Burrowing Owls During the Postfledging Period ». Condor 108, n^o 2 (1 mai 2006) : 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/108.2.282.

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AbstractBurrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) populations have declined extensively throughout much of North America, and modeling demography may assist conservation. However, few studies have estimated adult survival, and fewer still have determined juvenile survival. In 2003 and 2004 we monitored survival of 40 radio-tagged juveniles during the postfledging period in the Little Missouri National Grassland, North Dakota, where owls nested in black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies. Survival averaged 0.57 (95% CI: 0.41–0.73) prior to autumn migration. Mortality was highest during the first two weeks after nest departure when juveniles were flightless, and two to three weeks later when juveniles became independent. Predation or starvation was implicated in most deaths. Distribution and abundance of escape cover (number of prairie dog burrows within 30 m of nests and size of the natal prairie dog colony) did not affect survival. Body condition and brood size at the time of radio-tagging also did not influence survival. Juvenile owls exhibited nest-centered dispersal, and averaged 108 ± 21 (SE) m and 82 ± 17 m from nests at initiation of migration in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Mean dates of departure from the study area were 2 September (± 3 days) 2003 and 24 August (± 2 days) 2004. Mortality during the postfledging period accounted for approximately two-thirds of mortality in the first year of life.

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Hasiotis, Stephen T., et Thomas M. Bown. « Invertebrate Trace Fossils : The Backbone of Continental Ichnology ». Short Courses in Paleontology 5 (1992) : 64–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475263000002294.

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The purpose of this chapter is to evoke new concepts, provide guidelines and new frontiers for future research, and demonstrate that invertebrate traces actually comprise the “backbone” of continental (as well as marine) ichnology. Invertebrate organisms that inhabit the continental, nonmarine realm include some of the most diverse and populous classes in the animal kingdom. For example, both the Insecta and Crustacea exhibit burrowing behaviors unique to subaqueous freshwater and subaerial systems. Because of the sheer biomass of burrowing pupae, larvae, juvenile, and adult stages of these organisms, invertebrates dependent on the position of the water table form the basis for ecological niche-partitioning of depositional systems within all of the continental realm. A distinction must be made here between continental and marine ichnocoenoses because they represent distinctly different styles of living. These in turn dictate different behavioral and genetic responses of the organisms that inhabit them. Burrow architectures that occur in both continental and marine ichnocoenoses can be differentiated by subtle differences in morphology that are due to convergence of the burrowing mechanisms of the respective organisms.

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Bloomer, Caitlin C., Robert J. DiStefano et Christopher A. Taylor. « A global review of life history studies on burrowing crayfish ». Crustaceana 94, n^o 3 (2 mars 2021) : 357–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-bja10098.

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Abstract Burrowing crayfishes have historically lacked life history data due to their elusive nature and difficultly extracting them from burrows. This review provides a synopsis of current literature on burrowing crayfishes’ life histories and a quantitative analysis of published life history content. Only 69 publications covering 94 burrowing species (approx. 39%) met our criteria for a life history study. Many species had only partial life histories documented and two genera (Engaewa and Tenuibranchiurus) had no life history studies available. Size and reproductive season were the most recorded traits across studies while others such as mortality and age/size at molting events were rarely recorded. Reproductive investment, an important predictor of imperilment, was lacking in 87% of burrowing species. Our review emphasizes the need to include life history data with new species descriptions and conduct basic life history studies to effectively assess data-deficient species and protect the future of our threatened burrowing crayfishes.

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Saggese, Miguel D., et Román Montero. « Assessing the presence of a Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) population at the southern continental limit of its distribution, Santa Cruz province, Patagonia, Argentina ». El Hornero 36, n^o 1 (1 août 2021) : 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.56178/eh.v36i1.428.

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The historical continental distribution of the Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) in Argentina included Santa Cruz province. However, for almost a century its presence there was hypothetical, based on a few, sometimes even erroneous, published records. Its precise distribution and status were unknown. In the present study, using a combination of personal observations and surveys, critical literature review, searches in online databases (EcoRegistros and eBird), scrutiny of Facebook pages and group posts focused on Argentine and Patagonian birds and wildlife photography, and information provided by citizen scientists and ornithologists, we confirmed the current Burrowing Owl’s presence in Santa Cruz province. The species appears to be mostly localized to the city of Caleta Olivia and nearby open areas, Deseado Department, northeastern Santa Cruz province, within the Patagonian Steppe and, along the Atlantic coast, in the Mar Argentino ecoregions. Burrowing Owl breeds locally there, and individuals are seen yearlong. Although there are a few recent records of Burrowing Owl at other localities of Santa Cruz, we did not find evidence of a current broader distribution in this province, as most general bird guides and general ornithology books indicated in their distribution maps for the species. The southernmost known population of Burrowing Owls, restricted to northeastern Santa Cruz, provides a unique opportunity to monitor its progress. Furthermore, it could allow us to investigate the limiting factors and dynamics of its population in urban and natural areas of the Patagonian steppe and the Atlantic coast of Santa Cruz province.

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Binder, T. R., D. G. McDonald et M. P. Wilkie. « Reduced dermal photosensitivity in juvenile sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) reflects life-history-dependent changes in habitat and behaviour ». Canadian Journal of Zoology 91, n^o 9 (septembre 2013) : 635–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2013-0041.

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This study tested the hypothesis that sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus L., 1758) undergo a reduction in the photosensitivity of photoreceptors in the tail after metamorphosing from burrow-dwelling, filter-feeding larval sea lampreys (ammocoetes) into open-water, parasitic juvenile phase animals that attach themselves to and feed on the blood of marine and freshwater fishes. Using a photo-illumination apparatus, ammocoetes and juvenile sea lampreys were exposed to white light at an intensity of 10 lx and the photokinetic response (time to movement) was measured in individual animals. The median latency of the response of juvenile lampreys was 5.4 times longer (i.e., slower response time) than observed in ammocoetes, and only 61% of the juvenile animals responded to the light compared with 95% of ammocoetes. It is concluded that the greater photosensitivity of tail photoreceptors in ammocoetes helps ensure that the animals are totally concealed from potential predators while burrowing. Decreased photosensitivity following metamorphosis is likely related to the transition to an open water, parasitic life style in which tail photoreception would have little selective advantage.

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RIBEIRO, FELIPE BEZERRA, KELLY MARTINEZ GOMES, AUGUSTO FREDERICO HUBER et PAULA BEATRIZ ARAUJO. « Description of the second juvenile stage of the blue-fingered burrowing crayfish Parastacus caeruleodactylus (Decapoda : Astacidea : Parastacidae) ». Zootaxa 4686, n^o 4 (17 octobre 2019) : 581–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4686.4.7.

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This study describes and illustrates the morphology of the second juvenile stage of the blue-fingered burrowing crayfish Parastacus caeruleodactylus. One female carrying 20 juveniles was collected in January 2019 from a swamp forest in the municipality of Dom Pedro de Alcântara, state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Juveniles were dissected and the appendages were mounted in slides. The general morphology and the pattern of attachment of the second juvenile stage of P. caeruleodactylus correspond to that reported for other parastacids. The main differences among the co-generic species are related to the number of articles in the flagella of the antennae, the number of spines in the antennal scale, the number of setae in the articles of the appendages, the number of teeth in the mandible molar and incisor processes, the absence of segmentation in the exopod flagellum of the maxillipeds and the number of teeth in the crista dentata of the ischium of maxilliped 3.

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Long, Kirstin. « Burrowing bandicoots - an adaptation to life in a fire-prone environment ? » Australian Mammalogy 31, n^o 1 (2009) : 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am08107.

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The southern brown bandicoot, Isoodon obesulus, is regarded as a ground nesting species that is not known to dig burrows for shelter; however, it has been observed sheltering in burrows constructed by other species. During a recent study, two bandicoots were found sheltering in small burrows after a fire. The locations and dimensions of these burrows suggest that they are likely to have been constructed by the bandicoots themselves, rather than by other species.This observation supports other accounts of burrow-use in lesser-known literature, which also suggest bandicoots may construct their own burrows. Burrows are likely to provide an increased level of shelter that allows bandicoots to escape extreme weather conditions and bushfires.

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Ahmed Abdelsamie Fadl, Haizan, Abdulaziz Abdulelah I, Faisal Abdullah Alharbi, Hazazi, Aeshah Taher M, Alahmari, Abdulkhaliq Yahya M, Belgees Altigani Hamza Yousif, Waleed Ali Alshehri et al. « Overview on Juvenile Primary Fibromyalgia Syndrome ». Journal of Advanced Zoology 44, S-3 (13 novembre 2023) : 1440–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44is-3.1772.

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JPFS (juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome) is a musculoskeletal pain illness that affects children and adolescents. The intricacy of the clinical picture in JPFS has not been adequately characterized in the literature. JFMS symptoms are sometimes difficult to compare to adult fibromyalgia syndrome since many of them are "medically unexplained" and frequently overlap with other medical disorders. The etiology of the illness is multifaceted, with impaired central pain processing being a significant contributor. Musculoskeletal pain that is severe and pervasive is the defining symptom. Other signs and symptoms include headaches, stiffness, subjective joint swelling, sleep and mood disorders, and headaches. Multiple sensitive spots might be found during a physical examination. The diagnosis has certain criteria and is clinical. Early detection and treatment are crucial. The gold standard of care combines a variety of modalities, but most significantly, exercise and cognitive behavioral therapy. The outlook varies, and symptoms might last well into adulthood. Discussing the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and management of JPFS is the goal of the review.

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Siefert, J., K. H. Hillebrandt, M. Kluge, D. Geisel, P. Podrabsky, T. Denecke, M. Nösser et al. « Computed tomography-based survey of the vascular anatomy of the juvenile Göttingen minipig ». Laboratory Animals 51, n^o 4 (8 décembre 2016) : 388–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023677216680238.

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Over the past 50 years, image-guided procedures have been established for a wide range of applications. The development and clinical translation of new treatment regimens necessitate the availability of suitable animal models. The juvenile Göttingen minipig presents a favourable profile as a model for human infants. However, no information can be found regarding the vascular system of juvenile minipigs in the literature. Such information is imperative for planning the accessibility of target structures by catheterization. We present here a complete mapping of the arterial system of the juvenile minipig based on contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Four female animals weighing 6.13 ± 0.72 kg were used for the analyses. Imaging was performed under anaesthesia, and the measurement of the vascular structures was performed independently by four investigators. Our dataset forms a basis for future interventional studies in juvenile minipigs, and enables planning and refinement of future experiments according to the 3R (replacement, reduction and refinement) principles of animal research.

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De los Ríos-Escalante, Patricio, et Eliana Ibáñez-Arancibia. « Description of Leurocyclus tuberculosus (Decapoda, Brachyura) for northern Chilean Patagonian inner seas (41°S, Puerto Montt, Chile) ». Crustaceana 94, n^o 4 (13 avril 2021) : 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-bja10090.

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Abstract The brachyuran crab, Leurocyclus tuberculosus (H. Milne Edwards & Lucas, 1842) is widely distributed along the Atlantic coast of South America, but there are no precise records about its occurrence on the Chilean Pacific coast. The present study is a description of four juvenile specimens of L. tuberculosus collected from an intertidal prairie of Gracilaria sp. in an inner sea in Chile (41°S, Puerto Montt). According to existing literature, the specimens would be juvenile individuals belonging to L. tuberculosus that, in accordance with the literature, was described as probably inhabiting the Chilean coasts without more details. The literature revealed that this species is widely distributed along the Atlantic coasts of South America, and can also, probably due to dynamic oceanographic processes, be present on the southern Pacific coast.

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Piras, Alessandro, Laura Hakala et Karoliina Mikola. « Isolated Avulsion of the Tendon of Insertion of the Infraspinatus and Supraspinatus Muscles in Five Juvenile Labrador Retrievers ». Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 31, n^o 04 (2 juin 2018) : 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1641132.

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Case History Five juvenile Labrador Retrievers between the ages of 6 and 8 months were presented to our referral centres with a history of intermittent forelimb lameness. Clinical Examination The clinical examination revealed the presence of bilateral orthopaedic problems in four out of five cases. Diagnostic Imaging Findings Radiographic and computed tomography examinations showed the presence of a radiolucent defect corresponding to the area of insertion of the infraspinatus or supraspinatus tendons on the proximal humerus. Three dogs were concurrently affected by elbow disease on the contralateral forelimb and one dog with bilateral infraspinatus avulsion also had osteochondritis dissecans affecting both shoulder joints. Diagnosis Avulsion of the insertion of the infraspinatus tendon in four dogs and of the supraspinatus tendon in one dog. Clinical Relevance According to the current literature, the incidence of infraspinatus and supraspinatus tendinopathies in adult Labrador Retrievers is higher than in other breeds. In our five cases, the patients were juvenile and the nature of the injury was an avulsion of the tendinous insertion. Avulsion of the tendon of insertion of the infraspinatus or supraspinatus has been poorly described in the veterinary literature, and this would represent the first series of cases affecting juvenile Labrador Retrievers.

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Szkudlarek, Michał, Jan Marek Kaczmarek, Marta Piasecka, Wiktor Grenas et Mikołaj Kaczmarski. « Gigantism in tadpoles and color anomalies in European green toad Bufotes viridis from Poland ». Herpetozoa 35 (7 juin 2022) : 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e84228.

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Some new cases of anomalies in wild Bufotes viridis from Western Poland are presented together with a discussion of their potential causes and a comparison with similar cases from the literature. The anomalies in question are color aberrations (pre- and post-metamorphic) and developmental pathologies (pre–metamorphic). The color anomalies include an ochre patch in a juvenile, leucism and albinism in both tadpoles and juvenile individuals. Developmental pathologies described in this paper include gigantism, edema, curvature of tail, and asymmetric bodies.

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Holmes, Andrea Claire, Mickey Tivers, Karen Humm et Sophie Adamantos. « Lung lobe torsion in adult and juvenile pugs ». Veterinary Record Case Reports 6, n^o 3 (juillet 2018) : e000655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000655.

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SummaryThis cases series of 13 pugs with lung lobe torsion (LLT) is the largest case series of pugs in the literature and the first to compare dogs presenting before and after 12 months of age. Similar to previous case series, the median age of pugs with LLT was 17 months; however six dogs were under 12 months of age (3 of 13 were 11–13 weeks at presentation). There were no differences between the dogs that presented younger or older than 12 months old with respect to sex, neuter status, lung lobe affected, duration and nature of clinical signs, time alive after discharge, and complications. The juvenile onset may suggest that some dogs are inherently at risk of LLT. This is intriguing and important as LLT may not be an intuitive diagnosis in a juvenile brachycephalic animal, and practitioners should be aware of this unusual presentation.

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You, Chengcheng. « The Glocal Practice of Anthropomorphism : Storying Chinese Wild Animals for Young Readers ». International Research in Children's Literature 16, n^o 2 (juin 2023) : 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ircl.2023.0505.

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This article examines the generic dilemma in the representation of realistic wild animals in Shixi Shen’s Jackal and Wolf (2012) and Gerelchimeg Blackcrane’s Black Flame (2013), whereby the glocal features of anthropomorphism are found pertaining to the narrative artistry. Drawn from anthropomorphism studies, literary animal studies, and Chinese cultural tradition, it is argued that Shen’s mode of narration subscribes to the generic hybridity as a strategy of moral education to attract juvenile readers, whereas Blackcrane’s story enacts anthropomorphism critically towards the environmental ethics of witnessing. Conjoining the poetics of wild animal stories across cultures, this study further proposes the ethical capacity of anthropomorphism in storying wild animals in the Anthropocene.

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Sertakova, A. V., V. Yu Ulyanov et E. A. Magomedrasulova. « Experimental animal models of osteonecrosis ». Genij Ortopedii 29, n^o 1 (février 2023) : 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18019/1028-4427-2023-29-1-110-116.

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The objective was to analyze experimental animal models of osteonecrosis (ON) using the femoral head, show advantages and disadvantages, capacity to translate the findings for adult and pediatric orthopaedics, potential model modifications for orthopaedic and rheumatology research. Material and methods The original literature search was conducted on key resources including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, E-library, and the Springer databank. Literature searches included Russian, English, and Italian studies. The research covered studies of 1980 to 2021 and included important landmarks of laboratory experiments with animal models. Results and discussion Although there was no ON model with ideal conditions found for it, the choice of a model could be based on the researcher’s goal reproducing ON as a type of “osteochondropathy” to explore the results applicable to pediatric orthopaedics or classical ON in adults. Animals with long-term open growth plates, intensive blood circulation in the bone and rapid regeneration being characteristic of juvenile models of rats, rabbits and pigs could be appropriate for the experiment. Dogs, sheep, pigs and emus, in particular, were practical for reproducing ON in adults. Non-traumatic models of ON in adults were reversible and consistent with early stages of the condition. Conclusion The need for ON simulation increased due to progressing orthobiological techniques (PRP‑therapy, BMCs technologies, etc.) in the treatment of ON. Application of orthobiological treatment resulted in heterogeneous, scattered outcomes being statistically unreliable and necessitating the search for optimal animal models and assessment of treatment methods for ON in modern orthopaedics.

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Negreiros-Fransozo, Maria L., Adilson Fransozo et Gustavo L. Hirose. « The megalopa and early juvenile development of Hepatus pudibundus (Crustacea : Brachyura : Aethroidea) reared from neuston samples ». Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 25, n^o 4 (décembre 2008) : 608–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752008000400005.

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Hepatus pudibundus (Herbst, 1785) is a crab commonly found in shallow waters of the Western Atlantic. Its larval and early post-larval morphology have already been described from laboratory hatched material. Around 200 megalopae of H. pudibundus were collected in neuston samples from the Ubatuba region, Brazil, during the summer of 2005-2006 and were successfully reared under laboratory conditions. The size of the megalopae obtained in the neuston was similar to those specimens previously described in the literature, except that the juvenile crab stages reared in the laboratory were slightly larger, probably due to the better feeding conditions in the laboratory. The duration of the juvenile stages was shorter in the present study than in previous attempts at laboratory rearing, even if conditions appeared to be similar. The main differences observed between studies were in megalopal morphology, which may be attributable to intraspecific variation but, possibly, also due to differences in levels of detail than previously performed.

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Hemerik, Lia, et Chris Klok. « Conserving declining species using incomplete demographic information : what help can we expect from the use of matrix population models ? » Animal Biology 56, n^o 4 (2006) : 519–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075606778967865.

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AbstractDue to human activity, many species have strongly declined in number and are currently threatened with extinction. Management directed at conservation of these species can benefit from the use of simple population models such as matrix models. However, for many species, data on survival and reproduction are scarce. Therefore, we set up a general framework based on a matrix model with three parameters: reproduction, juvenile (=first year survival) and adult survival in which incomplete data can be analysed. This framework is applicable to species that can mature after their first year of life. The point in a calendar year at which the population size is determined, i.e. the census time, is varied. We discuss the differences and the similarities between matrices modelling the same population at different census times. The population growth rate and the elasticity of the survival and reproduction parameters have been determined analytically. From these we made, as a visual diagnostic tool (general framework), plots of the growth rate and the elasticity pattern and their dependence on actual values of the reproduction parameter and the juvenile and adult survival. To illustrate the use of this framework we plot and discuss literature data on survival and/or reproduction of a few bird species with a juvenile stage of one year in the light of our modelling results.

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Dimitrakakis, Nikolaos, Anna Waterhouse, Shanda Lightbown, Daniel C. Leslie, Amanda Jiang, Dana E. Bolgen, Kayla Lightbown et al. « Biochemical and Hematologic Reference Intervals for Anesthetized, Female, Juvenile Yorkshire Swine ». Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science 61, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2022) : 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30802/aalas-jaalas-21-000014.

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Swine are widely used in biomedical research, translational research, xenotransplantation, and agriculture. For these uses, physiologic reference intervals are extremely important for assessing the health status of the swine and diagnosing disease. However, few biochemical and hematologic reference intervals that comply with guidelines from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology are available for swine. These guidelines state that reference intervals should be determined by using 120 subjects or more. The aim of this study was to generate hematologic and biochemical reference intervals for female, juvenile Yorkshire swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) and to compare these values with those for humans and baboons (Papio hamadryas). Blood samples were collected from the femoral artery or vein of female, juvenile Yorkshire swine, and standard hematologic and biochemical parameters were analyzed in multiple studies. Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals were calculated for arterial blood samples from Yorkshire swine (n = 121 to 124); human and baboon reference intervals were obtained from the literature. Arterial reference intervals for Yorkshire swine differed significantly from those for humans and baboons in all commonly measured parameters except platelet count, which did not differ significantly from the human value, and glucose, which was not significantly different from the baboon value. These data provide valuable information for investigators using female, juvenile Yorkshire swine for biomedical re- search, as disease models, and in xenotransplantation studies as well as useful physiologic information for veterinarians and livestock producers. Our findings highlight the need for caution when comparing data and study outcomes between species.

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BISHOP, E. J., C. SHILTON, S. BENEDICT, F. KONG, G. L. GILBERT, D. GAL, D. GODOY, B. G. SPRATT et B. J. CURRIE. « Necrotizing fasciitis in captive juvenileCrocodylus porosuscaused byStreptococcus agalactiae : an outbreak and review of the animal and human literature ». Epidemiology and Infection 135, n^o 8 (20 avril 2007) : 1248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268807008515.

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SUMMARYWe observed an outbreak of necrotizing fasciitis associated withStreptococcus agalactiaeinfection in a group of juvenile saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus). We undertook screening of crocodiles and the environment to clarify the source of the outbreak and evaluated the isolates cultured from post-mortem specimens with molecular methods to assess clonality and the presence of known group B streptococcal virulence determinants. The isolates were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. They were a typical serotype Ia strain with the Cα-like protein gene, epsilon (oralp1), the mobile genetic elements IS381ISSag1and ISSag2, and belonged to multi-locus sequence type (ST) 23. All of these characteristics suggest they were probably of human origin. We review the medical and veterinary literature relating toS. agalactiaenecrotizing fasciitis, epidemiology and virulence determinants.

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Bakker, Theo C. M. « Aggressiveness in Sticklebacks (Gasterosteus Aculeatus L.) : a Behaviour-Genetic Study ». Behaviour 98, n^o 1-4 (1986) : 1–144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853986x00937.

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AbstractThis behaviour-genetic study concentrates on intra-specific aggressiveness in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L., forma leiura). Aggressiveness was studied under standardized conditions in five different test situations, referred to as juvenile aggressiveness, female aggressiveness, territorial aggressiveness, courtship aggressiveness, or dominance ability. The aim of the study is two-fold: 1. To assess the extent to which variation of aggressiveness in each of the different test situations is attributable to genetic causes. 2. To assess the extent to which variation in these various manifestations of aggressiveness is influenced by common genetic factors. The paper starts with an analysis of the variation of aggressiveness in the base population, composed of individually isolated progeny of wild-caught parents (chapter 2). In each of the different test situations aggressiveness is highly variable across individuals. Repeated measurements with the same individuals as well as similarity of the levels of aggression between full sibs shows that phenotypic variation is to a considerable extent attributable to genotypic variation in each of the investigated situations. The genetic influence on variation of aggressiveness is further analysed with the aid of selection experiments (chapter 3). Bidirectional selection is exerted upon juvenile aggressiveness in juveniles of both sexes (juvenile aggression lines), upon territorial aggressiveness in males and female aggressiveness in adult females (territorial aggression lines), and lastly, upon dominance ability in males (dominance lines). Besides these six selection lines an unselected control line was maintained. Selection is highly successful in downward direction in each of the different contexts. However, enhancement of the level of aggression is less successful in most lines, with the exception of female aggressiveness. Possible causes for these asymmetries of responses are discussed in detail. It is argued that the lack of response in males to selection for territorial aggressiveness and dominance ability in upward directions is probably due to an upper selection limit for territorial aggressiveness and dominance ability, that is already present in the base population. The combined two-way responses yield heritability-estimates of at least 0.30 for aggressiveness in the different test situations. In the single selection lines the realized heritabilities range from 0 to at least 0.60. Across individuals of the base population the levels of aggression in the different test situations are correlated with each other to various degrees. In females there is a distinctly positive phenotypic correlation between juvenile and female aggressiveness, but in males correlations between juvenile, territorial and courtship aggressiveness are weaker. Dominance ability is uncorrelated with aggressiveness in the other test situations. Since fish of the various selection lines are not only scored for their aggressiveness in the particular situation in which they are selected, but also for their aggressiveness in the other test situations, these phenotypic correlations can be translated into genetic correlations (chapter 4). The genetic correlations between the levels of aggression in the different test situations are comparable to the corresponding phenotypic correlations. The genetic basis of juvenile aggressiveness is most likely identical for both juvenile males and juvenile females. In adult females variation of aggressiveness remains most likely governed by the same genetic factors. The genetic factors that contribute to variation of territorial aggressiveness are only partly identical to those that contribute to variation of juvenile aggressiveness. Changes of courtship aggressiveness parallel those of territorial aggressiveness in the various selection lines, suggesting that common genetic influences underlie variation in both manifestations of intra-specific aggressiveness in reproductive males. Lastly, variation of dominance ability is probably governed by genetic factors different from those governing variation of juvenile or territorial aggressiveness. Indirect determination of the level of androgens in reproductive males of the various selection lines, by means of kidney-size measurements, reveals that selection for territorial aggressiveness most likely acts on the level of androgens. In view of changes accompanying selection for juvenile aggressiveness (viz. a difference between high and low line fish in age at sexual maturity, in age at onset of juvenile aggression, and in incidence of ripeness) selection for juvenile aggressiveness likely acts on the level of gonadotropic hormones. Finally, selection for dominance ability acts on factors (probably androgen-independent) that influence the brightness of colouration. Throughout this paper the influence of a number of variables on aggressiveness in the various test situations, such as age, degree of ripeness, location of the nest, age of sexual maturity, experience, length, isolation and responsiveness, are analysed. Furthermore, attention is paid to threatening displays, to a peculiar behaviour called snapping at air-bubbles, to aggressiveness of juveniles in groups of fixed size, and to measures of aggressiveness other than the criterion applied during selection in a particular situation. Finally, the literature is reviewed with respect to selection studies on aggressiveness and to selective forces acting on aggressiveness in the three-spined stickleback.

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Rogers, Chris W., et Keren E. Dittmer. « Does Juvenile Play Programme the Equine Musculoskeletal System ? » Animals 9, n^o 9 (3 septembre 2019) : 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9090646.

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In mammals, play behaviour appears innate and, because of this, may provide insight into the frequency and intensity of load that is required to stimulate positive musculoskeletal development. The objective of this review was to explore the interaction between play and tissue (bone) development at a molecular through to whole-animal level, with specific focus on the horse as a model. The basis of our understanding of the response of bone to loading is the mechanostat theorem. This assumes that at a tissue level, bone attempts to keep localised strain within the physiological range of 1500–2500 microstrain. Loads above this range result in a modelling response to reduce strain, and strain below this threshold results in remodelling to maintain the localised physiological range. In foals, locomotor play is dramatic and vigorous, with cumulative increases in both intensity and complexity. Based on published literature describing locomotor play in foals and the microstrain at different gaits in the horse, it was proposed that locomotor play in foal aligns with the mechanostat theorem in both the magnitude and frequency of load cycles applied. The cumulative increases in the complexity and intensity of locomotor play as the foal develops, in turn, ensure the strain rates associated with play remain above the local physiological range and promote material and architectural changes in the distal limb bones. Thus, spontaneous locomotor play may be vital to ensure optimal bone development in the horse. Modern management systems need to provide appropriate opportunities for foals to perform spontaneous locomotor play to optimise bone development and reduce the risk of future musculoskeletal injury later in life.

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ERMILOV, SERGEY G., OLGA L. MAKAROVA et MIKHAIL S. BIZIN. « Morphological development, distribution and ecology of the arctic oribatid mite Hermannia scabra (Acari : Oribatida : Hermanniidae) and synonymy of Hermannia gigantea ». Zootaxa 4717, n^o 1 (31 décembre 2019) : 104–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4717.1.9.

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The topotypes (adult and juvenile instars) of the arctic oribatid mite Hermannia scabra (L. Koch, 1879) (Oribatida, Hermanniidae) from Vaygach Island (easternmost arctic Europe) were investigated and compared with those of Hermannia gigantea Sitnikova, 1975 collected from southwest Taymyr Peninsula, northern Middle Siberia, resulting in the following new taxonomic proposal: Hermannia scabra (L. Koch, 1879) (= Hermannia gigantea Sitnikova, 1975, syn. nov.). The morphology of its all instars is described and illustrated in detail on the base of specimens collected from the northern West Siberia (Shokalsky Island). The main morphological traits are summarized. Two northern species of Hermannia with granulate notogaster, namely H. scabra and H. nodosa Michael, 1988, were regularly mixed up in the literature. Their differential diagnosis is provided after elaboration of spacious materials. The morphological differences of juvenile instars of five species of Hermannia (H. gibba (C.L. Koch, 1839), H. jesti Travé, 1977, H. nodosa, H. reticulata Thörell, 1871, and H. scabra) are given. The biotopic preferences of arctic members of Hermannia are briefly observed.

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Buttimer, Shannon M., Natasha Stepanova et Molly C. Womack. « Evolution of the Unique Anuran Pelvic and Hind limb Skeleton in Relation to Microhabitat, Locomotor Mode, and Jump Performance ». Integrative and Comparative Biology 60, n^o 5 (21 mai 2020) : 1330–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaa043.

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Abstract Anurans (frogs and toads) have a unique pelvic and hind limb skeleton among tetrapods. Although their distinct body plan is primarily associated with saltation, anuran species vary in their primary locomotor mode (e.g., walkers, hoppers, jumpers, and swimmers) and are found in a wide array of microhabitats (e.g., burrowing, terrestrial, arboreal, and aquatic) with varying functional demands. Given their largely conserved body plan, morphological adaptation to these diverse niches likely results from more fine-scale morphological change. Our study determines how shape differences in Anura’s unique pelvic and hind limb skeletal structures vary with microhabitat, locomotor mode, and jumping ability. Using microCT scans of preserved specimens from museum collections, we added 3D landmarks to the pelvic and hind limb skeleton of 230 anuran species. In addition, we compiled microhabitat and locomotor data from the literature for these species that span 52 of the 55 families of frogs and ∼210 million years of anuran evolution. Using this robust dataset, we examine the relationship between pelvic and hind limb morphology and phylogenetic history, allometry, microhabitat, and locomotor mode. We find pelvic and hind limb changes associated with shifts in microhabitat (“ecomorphs”) and locomotor mode (“locomorphs”) and directly relate those morphological changes to the jumping ability of individual species. We also reveal how individual bones vary in evolutionary rate and their association with phylogeny, body size, microhabitat, and locomotor mode. Our findings uncover previously undocumented morphological variation related to anuran ecological and locomotor diversification and link that variation to differences in jumping ability among species.

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Huang, Helen Ye Rim, Andrew Awuah Wireko, Goshen David Miteu, Adan Khan, Sakshi Roy, Tomas Ferreira, Tulika Garg et al. « Advancements and progress in juvenile idiopathic arthritis : A Review of pathophysiology and treatment ». Medicine 103, n^o 13 (29 mars 2024) : e37567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000037567.

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Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic clinical condition characterized by arthritic features in children under the age of 16, with at least 6 weeks of active symptoms. The etiology of JIA remains unknown, and it is associated with prolonged synovial inflammation and structural joint damage influenced by environmental and genetic factors. This review aims to enhance the understanding of JIA by comprehensively analyzing relevant literature. The focus lies on current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and investigations into the pathoaetiologies using diverse research modalities, including in vivo animal models and large-scale genome-wide studies. We aim to elucidate the multifactorial nature of JIA with a strong focus towards genetic predilection, while proposing potential strategies to improve therapeutic outcomes and enhance diagnostic risk stratification in light of recent advancements. This review underscores the need for further research due to the idiopathic nature of JIA, its heterogeneous phenotype, and the challenges associated with biomarkers and diagnostic criteria. Ultimately, this contribution seeks to advance the knowledge and promote effective management strategies in JIA.

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Glasby, Christopher J., Christer Erséus et Patrick Martin. « Annelids in Extreme Aquatic Environments : Diversity, Adaptations and Evolution ». Diversity 13, n^o 2 (23 février 2021) : 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13020098.

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We review the variety of morphological, physiological and behavioral modifications that annelids have acquired to cope with environments either unsuitable for, or on the limits of, survival for most animals. We focus on polychaetes (excluding sipunculans and echiurans) and clitellates (oligochaetes and leeches) and source information mostly from the primary literature. We identified many modifications common to both polychaetes and clitellates, and others that are specific to one or the other group. For example, certain land-adapted polychaetes show reduction in nuchal organs, epidermal ciliation and receptor cells, and other coastal polychaetes use adhesive glands and glue-reinforced tubes to maintain position in surf zones, while oligochaetes, with their simple body plans, appear to be ‘pre-adapted’ to life underground. Modifications common to both groups include the ability to construct protective cocoons, make cryoprotective substances such as antifreeze and heat shock proteins, develop gills, transform their bodies into a home for symbiotic chemoautotrophic bacteria, metabolize contaminants, and display avoidance behaviors. Convergent evolution in both directions has enabled annelids to transition from salt water to freshwater, sea to land via beaches, freshwater to soil, and surface water to subterranean water. A superficially simple worm-like body and a mostly benthic/burrowing lifestyle has facilitated radiation into every conceivable environment, making annelids among the most common and diverse animal groups on the planet.

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Specht, Gustav V. A., Gustavo L. Gonçalves et Robert J. Young. « Comportamento de caça da coruja buraqueira, Athene cunicularia (Molina, 1782) (Aves : Strigiformes) em ambiente urbano em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil ». Lundiana : International Journal of Biodiversity 11, n^o 1 (13 août 2013) : 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35699/2675-5327.2013.23835.

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The burrowing-owl, Athene cunicularia (Molina, 1782) has a wide distribution, which extends from western North America to southern South America. They are an opportunistic plunderer species preying on insects and small mammals. Data on hunting tactics of this specie are scarce in the literature. Here, the general and hunting behaviors of the species are described in an urban environment, a university campus, in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. An adult male of A. cunicularia had its behavior studied during 14 days, in July 2005, totaling 20 hours of systematic observations using the instantaneous focal-animal method. The observations were done using 10x50 binoculars, between 06:00 and 09:00 and after 16:00, from a minimal distance of 25 m. We identified and described five behavioral categories: self-maintenance, locomotion, hunting, non-agonistic social and alert. No difference was found between behaviors displayed during morning and afternoon periods. Four hunting strategies displayed by A. cunicularia were identified (hunting in soil, air hunting, perch to soil hunting and hover flight hunting) but no difference between their frequencies was found. These behaviors were observed only after 18:00. These non-significant patterns suggest that the oportunistic hunting behavior of the birds of prey (“sit-and-wait”) and the active search hunting patterns are alternated according to opportunity, identification and capture of the prey and the place of capture.

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Lande, R. Gregory. « Whole Blood Serotonin Levels among Pretrial Murder Defendants ». Journal of Psychiatry & ; Law 31, n^o 3 (septembre 2003) : 287–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009318530303100302.

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A growing body of literature increasingly supports the notion that serotonergic dysfunction may play a role in violent behavior. These findings come from animal and clinical research that probes serotonin activity through selective animal breeding techniques, central nervous system measures of serotonin, and now the indirect assessment of central serotonin function by using whole blood serotonin. In this study, 20 men arrested for murder and referred for a mental evaluation provided blood samples to measure their whole blood serotonin. The results from these men were compared with those of a 93-person reference group. Statistical analysis confirmed an increased level of whole blood serotonin in the pretrial murder defendants. The murder defendants' mean blood serotonin level was 0.41 SD higher than the reference group's. This study also found elevated whole blood serotonin among men who self-reported at least one episode of fire setting or juvenile arrest.

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Wilhelm, P., et U. Ganslosser. « Sequential orgaqisation of social behaviour in captive adult and juvenile Macropus rufus (Marsupialia : Macropodidae). » Australian Mammalogy 12, n^o 1 (1989) : 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am89001.

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The behavioural repertoire of Macropus rufus in captivity is described in comparison with data from literature. Most behavioural elements observed do not differ from those of free-ranging populations. Some new elements of agonistic and sexual behaviour are described. The sequential organisation of adult social behaviour allows a distinction between the functional categories of agonistic, friendly and sexual behaviour as well as a series of transitional elements. In sexual behaviour, low-intensity sexual checking can be distinguished from high-intensity courting and mating behaviour. In agonistic contexts a distinction between elements of ritualised and unritualised fighting is possible on the basis of sequences, with fixed sequences of behaviour patterns in ritualised fighting. Young M. rufus show nearly all behaviour patterns of adults, though frequently out of context. Their behavioural repertoire is not organised into different functional categories. Playfighting as well as running-play are not restricted to the mother-young dyad.

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Leonov, Sergei V. « On the reliability of the Balea perversa (Gastropoda : Pulmonata) findings in the Crimea ». Ruthenica, Russian Malacological Journal 33, n^o 3 (1 juillet 2023) : 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35885/ruthenica.2023.33(3).3.

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This study examines and provides illustrations of the diagnostic shell characteristics of juvenile and adult of Crimean clausiliids Balea perversa. The study demonstrates that the distinctive sculpture and shape of the shells make it possible to accurately differentiate Balea perversa. Additionally, the study includes information on previous references in the literature and recent findings of Balea perversa in the Crimea region, including a discovery on the Southern Demerdzhi Yayla in 2002. The study confirms the reliability of at least the last finding.

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NORTON, ROY A., et SERGEY G. ERMILOV. « Catalogue of juvenile instars of oribatid mites (Acari : Oribatida)—the next decade (2014–2023) ». Zootaxa 5419, n^o 4 (8 mars 2024) : 451–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5419.4.1.

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In its traditional, paraphyletic context (sans Astigmata), oribatid mites comprise more than 11,000 known species (Subías 2022). They are largely fungivores and decomposers in organic horizons of soil and have a plesiotypic ontogeny that includes four active, free-living juvenile instars. In a taxonomically organized 2014 catalogue, we summarized literature resources concerning the 805 species for which ontogenetic data (mainly morphological) were available. Herein, we supplement that catalogue with all data known to us that were published during the intervening decade. These relate to 267 species, of which 165 were described prior to 2014. As in the 2014 catalogue, representation is strongest among: the middle-derivative hyporder Nothrina; brachypyline superfamilies that are affiliated with aquatic, semiaquatic or intertidal environments (Limnozetoidea, Ameronothroidea); some eupheredermous groups (Plateremaeoidea, Damaeoidea); and Ceratozetoidea. Also as in 2014, groups that are underreprented, based on their high known diversity, are the ptyctimous Mixonomata (Euphthiracaroidea, Phthiracaroidea) and the brachypyline superfamilies Oppioidea and Oripodoidea.

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Cord M, Brundage, Atamian Seza et Vasquez Jessica. « Juvenile Crested Gecko (Correlophus ciliates) Growth Rate on a Calcium-dusted Dubia Roach and Papaya Diet Versus a Commercial Diet ». International Journal of Veterinary Science and Research 10, n^o 3 (12 juillet 2024) : 029–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/ijvsr.000147.

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Crested Geckos (Correlophus ciliatus) are common in the United States pet trade despite limited information on their specific physiology and nutrition. Suboptimal husbandry may be detrimental to animal growth, quality of life, and lifespan. Commercial diets are available; however, many hobbyists prefer feeding calcium-dusted fruit and insect alternatives. There is a general lack of published literature evaluating the effect of either option on gecko development. A food trial was conducted for 5 weeks on juvenile Crested Geckos fed a diet of calcium-dusted Dubia Roaches and fresh papaya (n = 30) or a commercial diet (Pangea Crested Gecko Diet; n = 30). Body length and weight were measured weekly on their fourth feeding day. Animals on both diets grew in length and weight over the 5-week feeding trial (p < 0.05) however the roach/papaya-fed geckos experienced almost twice the weight gain 0.81 g (24.35%) than the commercially fed geckos (0.42 g) and (13.07 %; p = 0.002). No differences in behavior of activity were noted between either diet. These results suggest that a calcium-dusted Dubia Roach and papaya diet may be more advantageous than a commercial diet during Crested Gecko juvenile development.

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Gémard, Charlène, Víctor Planas-Bielsa, Francesco Bonadonna et Thierry Aubin. « Contextual variations in calls of two nonoscine birds : the blue petrel Halobaena caerulea and the Antarctic prion Pachyptila desolata ». Behavioral Ecology 32, n^o 4 (18 mai 2021) : 769–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arab020.

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Abstract Bird vocalizations are critical cues in social interactions as they convey temporary information varying with the social context, for example, the signaler motivation when facing a rival or a potential mate. To date, literature mainly focused on learning birds. Burrowing petrels (Procellariidae) are nonlearning birds with a limited vocal repertoire. Bachelor males communicate with conspecifics with a single call emitted in three situations: in the absence of a certain auditory (spontaneous calls), toward females (female-directed calls), and toward males (male-directed calls). We first hypothesized that, although the call structure is preserved, temporal and spectral parameters vary between the three call types of bachelor males, translating different motivations (Motivation Hypothesis). To go further, we hypothesized that acoustic variations in male-directed calls indicate the signaler’s aggressive motivation and, therefore, the variations are similar whether calls are produced by breeder or bachelor males (Breeding Status Hypothesis). We tested the two hypotheses performing field playback experiments on two petrel species: the blue petrel (Halobaena caerulea) and the Antarctic prion (Pachyptila desolata). Despite the obvious call stereotypy, we observed temporal variations and frequency shifts when males react to a female or a male, which may translate the sexual or aggressive motivation of the signaler. Furthermore, the similarity of variations in male-directed calls of both breeder and bachelor males suggests the aggressive motivation. So far, vocal plasticity in nonlearning birds has been greatly underestimated. Here, we highlighted the expression of different motivations through vocal variations and the ability to produce frequency variations in species with genetically coded vocalizations.

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DE PINA, GLORIA M. ALONSO, MARTIN RAUSCHERT et CLAUDE DE BROYER. « A catalogue of the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic Phoxocephalidae (Crustacea : Amphipoda : Gammaridea) with taxonomic, distribution and ecological data ». Zootaxa 1752, n^o 1 (18 avril 2008) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1752.1.1.

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An up-to-date catalogue of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic Phoxocephalidae is presented, including 35 species. Extensive list of bibliographical references with synonymy, detailed information on geographic and bathymetric distribution, ecological data, museum locations of type-material, remarks on taxonomic and biogeographical status, are provided for each species. The catalogue is based on taxonomic and ecological literature until 31 December 2006. Additional unpublished records of species from the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic collections held at the Alfred Wegener Institut für Polarund Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, and at the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Buenos Aires, have been included. The taxonomic status of all the Southern Ocean species has been checked. Species allocated to the genera Paraphoxus and Parharpinia, and Fuegiphoxus uncinatus require further study to clarify or confirm the genus allocation. Most of the Southern Ocean phoxocephalids have a wide bathymetric distribution, equally present in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions. The highest species richness is found above 200 meters depth in the sub-Antarctic region. Of 35 phoxocephalid species reported, 25 are endemic to the Southern Ocean s.l., 15 are endemic to the Antarctic region and 6 are endemic to the sub-Antarctic region, the latter distributed only in the Magellan province. Endemicity at genus level attains 22% for the whole Southern Ocean, with 3 genera restricted to the Magellan province and one genus to the West Antarctic, Magellan and sub-Antarctic islands provinces. Habitat and substrate preferences, dietary and burrowing behaviours are scarcely known for most of the phoxocephalid species from the Southern Ocean.

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Kanda, L. Leann, et Todd K. Fuller. « Demographic responses of Virginia opossums to limitation at their northern boundary ». Canadian Journal of Zoology 82, n^o 7 (1 juillet 2004) : 1126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z04-089.

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The precise response of a population at its distributional edge to the limiting extrinsic factor should be mediated by the demography of the species. We applied this principle to understanding the northern distributional potential of the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana Kerr, 1792). We reviewed the literature for demographic data that we then used to build model populations. Juvenile over-winter survival was adjusted to determine the survival necessary for a stable population. To put the results in the context of life-history strategy and ecological niche, we built models for two other medium-sized mammals with similar distributions, the raccoon (Procyon lotor (L., 1758)) and the muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus (L., 1766)). Northern raccoon populations may sustain juvenile winter survival rates of <0.50 because adult females live to reproduce in multiple years. Muskrat juveniles may need a winter survival rate of only 0.40 in average years because reproduction is very high. In contrast, young northern opossums need a survival rate of 0.81 over winter to compensate for low prewinter survival. Raccoons and muskrats, through different life-history strategies, should be able to expand their northern distribution to the winter-induced physiological limit. However, opossum populations should fail before the average individual physiological limit is reached.

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Clark, Donald S., et John M. Green. « Activity and movement patterns of juvenile Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, in Conception Bay, Newfoundland, as determined by sonic telemetry ». Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, n^o 7 (1 juillet 1990) : 1434–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-214.

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We studied the movements and activity patterns of individual 3-year-old (28–33 cm total length) Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, in Conception Bay, Newfoundland, using sonic telemetry. Cod tracked between June and early September (summer) were wide ranging (> 3 km/day), nocturnally active, and migrated daily between deep (30 m) cold water where they were inactive and shallow (< 15 m) warm water where they fed. Cod tracked between mid-September and December (autumn) stayed in shallow (< 20 m) water where they were active in relatively small (545.3–2581.6 m2) home ranges during daylight hours and inactive at consistent resting sites at night. Home ranges were over sand whereas resting sites were generally in rocky areas. The seasonal change in migratory behaviour coincided with the disappearance of the shallow (< 30 m) summer thermocline. When the water column became isothermal over the depth range of juvenile cod, they remained in shallow feeding areas throughout the diel period. We suggest that the summer diel migration is a strategy to increase energetic efficiency. Literature on the feeding behaviour of cod and on the predation of juvenile cod suggests that the switch from nocturnal to diurnal activity may be an antipredator strategy. However, more information on the feeding behaviour of cod is required before this hypothesis can be adequately evaluated.

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Lellis, William A., Barbara St John White, Jeffrey C. Cole, Connie S. Johnson, Julie L. Devers, Ellen van Snik Gray et Heather S. Galbraith. « Newly Documented Host Fishes for the Eastern Elliptio Mussel Elliptio complanata ». Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 4, n^o 1 (1 juin 2013) : 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/102012-jfwm-094.

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Abstract The eastern elliptio Elliptio complanata is a common, abundant, and ecologically important freshwater mussel that occurs throughout the Atlantic Slope drainage in the United States and Canada. Previous research has shown E. complanata glochidia to be host fish generalists, parasitizing yellow perch Perca flavescens, banded killifish Fundulus diaphanus, banded sculpin Cottus carolinae, and seven centrarchid species. Past laboratory studies have been conducted in the Midwest; however, glochidia used in these studies were obtained from adult mussels in the Great Lakes or St. Lawrence River basins, or glochidia sources were not reported. The objective of this study was to identify host fishes for E. complanata from streams in the Mid-Atlantic region. We used artificial laboratory infections to test host suitability of 38 fish and 2 amphibian species with E. complanata glochidia from the Chesapeake Bay drainage. Glochidia successfully metamorphosed into juvenile mussels on five fish species: American eel Anguilla rostrata, brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, mottled sculpin Cottus bairdii, and slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus. American eel was the most effective host, yielding the highest overall metamorphosis success (percentage of attached glochidia that transformed into juvenile mussels; ≥0.90) and producing 13.2 juveniles per fish overall. No juvenile E. complanata metamorphosed on other fish or amphibian species tested, including many previously identified host fishes that appear in the literature. Reasons for discrepancies in published host fish could include geographic variation in host use across the species' range, differences in host use between lentic and lotic populations, or poorly resolved taxonomy within the genus Elliptio.

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ROTA, EMILIA, PATRICK J. SCHEMBRI et PIETRO OMODEO. « Earthworms of Malta (Annelida : Clitellata : Acanthodrilidae, Hormogastridae, Lumbricidae) ». Zootaxa 4311, n^o 2 (23 août 2017) : 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4311.2.11.

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The oldest museum specimens of earthworms from Malta are two adult lumbricids collected in 1878 by Enrico Hillyer Giglioli, then director of the Royal Zoological Museum in Florence, during the cruise of the R. Goletta Olga in the Mediterranean islands. The material, still preserved in Florence (S. Cianfanelli, in litteris), was determined by Baldasseroni (1907) who assigned it to Octolasium transpadanum Rosa, 1884. This remained the only species reported from Malta in the literature for over one century (Michaelsen 1908; Pop 1948; Rota 2013), until Csuzdi & Sciberras (2014) published a note listing another five lumbricid species and a juvenile hormogastrid. The present paper reports on collections made during 1983–1985 and in 2015, yielding six additional new records for the area.

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Silva e Silva, Robson, José Fernando Pacheco, Manuel Schweizer et Guy M. Kirwan. « The lost jewel of the Atlantic Forest : Kinglet Calyptura Calyptura cristata (Aves : Platyrinchidae) specimen inventory and plumage variation ». Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 63 (6 novembre 2023) : e202363038. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2023.63.038.

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Kinglet Calyptura Calyptura cristata is one of the great enigmas of the South American avifauna. Endemic to an apparently tiny area of south-eastern Brazil, in the Atlantic Forest biome, the species was not definitely seen between sometime in the second third of the 1800s and 1996, when it was briefly rediscovered in submontane forest north-west of Rio de Janeiro. Since then, C. cristata has been reported several times, but without documentation and always by single observers. It is currently considered Critically Endangered by BirdLife International, and various authors have speculated that the species might already be extinct. Given the extreme paucity of knowledge of this species, we provide a complete inventory of museum material for Kinglet Calyptura – more than 100 specimens are listed, the majority held in European collections, almost doubling previous estimates made in the literature. Several are held in relatively small institutions, thereby suggesting that yet more specimens might still be identified or found. In addition, with the benefit of this large sample of material, we discuss morphological variation in the species and we hypothesise particularly about the appearance of male, female and juvenile plumages.

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Webb, Donald G., et Timothy R. Parsons. « Empirical analysis of the effect of temperature on marine harpacticoid copepod development time ». Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, n^o 6 (1 juin 1988) : 1376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-202.

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Predictive equations to estimate development time from environmental temperature for marine harpacticoid copepods were developed from data extracted from the literature. Separate equations were constructed for egg, nauplius, copepodite, and total juvenile development, as well as for generation time. Power curves adequately described the data and each regression was significant (P < 0.001). Approximately 50% of the variance in each data set was explained by regression on temperature. Predictions of development time generally were precise, with the upper 95% confidence limit 39–65% greater than the prediction at low temperatures (4–5 °C), 7–13% greater at mean temperatures (17.6–19.3 °C), and 13–31% greater at high temperatures (28–40 °C). Application of these predictive equations will facilitate analysis of the population dynamics and production of marine harpacticoid copepods.

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Ward, Rebecca E., Santiago Martinez-Correa, Luis Octavio Tierradentro-García, Misun Hwang et Chandra M. Sehgal. « Sonothrombolysis : State-of-the-Art and Potential Applications in Children ». Children 11, n^o 1 (31 décembre 2023) : 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children11010057.

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In recent years, advances in ultrasound therapeutics have been implemented into treatment algorithms for the adult population; however, the use of therapeutic ultrasound in the pediatric population still needs to be further elucidated. In order to better characterize the utilization and practicality of sonothrombolysis in the juvenile population, the authors conducted a literature review of current pediatric research in therapeutic ultrasound. The PubMed database was used to search for all clinical and preclinical studies detailing the use and applications of sonothrombolysis, with a focus on the pediatric population. As illustrated by various review articles, case studies, and original research, sonothrombolysis demonstrates efficacy and safety in clot dissolution in vitro and in animal studies, particularly when combined with microbubbles, with potential applications in conditions such as deep venous thrombosis, peripheral vascular disease, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and pulmonary embolism. Although there is limited literature on the use of therapeutic ultrasound in children, mainly due to the lower prevalence of thrombotic events, sonothrombolysis shows potential as a noninvasive thrombolytic treatment. However, more pediatric sonothrombolysis research needs to be conducted to quantify the safety and ethical considerations specific to this vulnerable population.

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ERMILOV, SERGEY G., et BADAMDORJ BAYARTOGTOKH. « Ontogenetic instars of Elliptochthonius profundus Norton, 1975 (Acari, Oribatida, Elliptochthoniidae), with remarks on juveniles of the superfamily Parhypochthonioidea ». Zootaxa 5187, n^o 1 (14 septembre 2022) : 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5187.1.6.

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The morphology of juvenile instars of the mite Elliptochthonius profundus Norton, 1975 (Oribatida, Elliptochthoniidae) is studied. Comparative characteristics of juveniles of the representative genera in the superfamily Parhypochthonioidea is given based on our own data and available literature sources, and the major characteristics of larvae and nymphs are presented. It can be summarized that the juveniles of parhypochthonioides have the following character states: body trichoid, i.e., the postpedal scissure of gastronotum is clearly developed; body colour whitish or pale yellowish, lacking the strong cuticular sclerotization, where the flesh cuticle is sparsely foveolate or weakly microtuberculate; the juveniles of the different genera are generally similar, but differ from one another in the shape of bothridial seta, number of gastronotic setae, setations of gnathosomal, anogenital and epimeral regions and legs, development of the genital and aggenital plates and peranal segment.

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BAYARTOGTOKH, BADAMDORJ, et SERGEY G. ERMILOV. « Ontogenetic morphology of Tutorozetes incisirostris Ermilov, 2016, with remarks on juveniles of Punctoribatidae (Acari : Oribatida) ». Zootaxa 4717, n^o 1 (31 décembre 2019) : 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4717.1.7.

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The morphological ontogeny of most species of Punctoribatidae is still insufficient or unknown. Comparative characteristics of juveniles of Tutorozetes incisirostris are given for the first time in Tutorozetes based on material from southern Chile (Patagonia); and the major characteristics of juvenile instars of 15 punctoribatid species are presented, based on literature sources. The larva and nymphs of this species are generally similar to those of the other representatives of Punctoribatidae. Basic characteristics of juveniles are the body unpigmented, light yellowish or flesh-coloured with porose cuticle; gastronotic and anogenital regions folded; humeral organ absent; prodorsum stockier in larva than in nymphs and adult; gastronotic shield poorly sclerotized; prodorsal, gastronotic and ventral setae setiform, except clavate bothridial seta; larva with 12 pairs, nymphs with 15 pairs of gastronotic setae. We discuss the generic status of Tutorozetes and its possible synonymy with Minunthozetes.

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Bardi, Edoardo, Emanuele Lubian, Stefano Romussi, Nikhil Whitaker et Alessia Giordano. « Hematological values of captive Indotestudo travancorica (Boulenger, 1907) and Batagur kachuga (Gray, 1931) : a short communication ». Veterinarski arhiv 93, n^o 5 (25 octobre 2023) : 591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.24099/vet.arhiv.1806.

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The Indian subcontinent is home to many species of herpetological and conservation interest. The aim of this study was to provide a first assessment of hematological values in Travancore tortoises (Indotestudo travancorica) and redcrowned roofed turtles (Batagur kachuga), two endangered species on which medical literature is still lacking. In late spring, 19 blood specimens of healthy I. travancorica and 17 of B. kachuga were sampled. Both populations were housed at the Madras Crocodile Bank Trust – Centre for Herpetology (Tamil Nadu, India). From each animal, a blood sample was obtained from the dorsal coccygeal vein and stored in a lithium-heparin test tube. For both species, manual red and white blood cell counts (RBC and WBC) were performed using a Natt & Herrick stain in a Neubauer chamber. Only for I. travancorica, hematocrit values were assessed by centrifugation of capillary tubes, and used to calculate mean corpuscular volume; this investigation was not performed on B. kachuga due to equipment malfunction. Due to the small sample size, only descriptive statistics were applied, and the obtained values were compared with the known references of other chelonians. Only for B. kachuga, the composition of the sampled population made it possible to run cross sectional comparisons between adult and juvenile individuals, as well as between males and females. No difference was found between males and females, but a significant difference (P<0,05) was found for WBC counts between juvenile and adult animals.

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