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Viskesia, Ni Made Debi Ade, I. Nyoman Putu Budiartha et I. Putu Gede Seputra. « Kewenangan Mengadili atas Penerapan Choice Of Law Pada Asuransi Pengangkutan Laut ». Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum 2, no 3 (1 juillet 2021) : 526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jkh.2.3.3636.526-530.
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Transportation is currently developing very rapidly in the aspect of life, there are many transportations that provide cheaper prices than other transportation. To avoid the risks in sea transportation using sea freight insurance, but sea freight insurance still uses English law and its provisions. So that in the sea transportation insurance agreement the choice of law applies. The study examines the position of the choice of law in the settlement of maritime transportation disputes and explains the procedure for resolving disputes over the choice of law on the authority to adjudicate sea transportation. This study uses a normative research method with a statutory approach because there is still a conflict of norms, sourced from primary and secondary data. In the Civil Code Articles 1320 and 1338 it has been determined that the conditions for the validity of an agreement and agreements made legally will become law for those who make them. So apart from that, the choice of law in the jurisdiction to adjudicate is also contained in international civil law, thus in the settlement of maritime transportation insurance disputes that still use English law, it can be resolved by looking at the facts contained in the sea freight insurance agreement with the applicable laws. apply.
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Kovalchuk, I. « Place and role of transport law in the law system of Ukraine ». Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no 1 (20 mars 2024) : 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2024.01.6.
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The article reveals the place and role of transport law in the legal system of Ukraine and characterizes the peculiarities of transport relations, sources of transport law. It is noted that transport law is a complex sub-branch of law that combines norms of civil, economic, administrative, land, labor, commercial and a number of other branches of law. Transport law contains public-law and privatelaw norms that regulate social relations arising in the field of transport activities. Transport activity is accompanied, as a rule, by the conclusion of transport contracts. In its essence, transport law is more closely related to civil law, because property relations make up the material content of transport contracts, transport risk insurance contracts, legal situations of customs clearance of goods, etc. The main factor in property relations in the field of transport are transportation contracts, which are regulated by civil law. A special place is occupied by the protection of the property rights of the parties to obligations arising from transportation contracts.
It is argued that transport activity includes both the physical movement of passengers, luggage, and cargo from the point of departure to the destination, as well as auxiliary services. Such activities are carried out on the basis of relevant transport contracts. This is the generalized name of all contracts that are regulated by the provision of certain transport services (transportation, forwarding, etc.). The main type of transport contracts is a contract of carriage. Article 908 of the Civil Code of Ukraine establishes the basic provisions regarding contracts for the carriage of cargo, passengers, and luggage, including liability for the main types of violations of obligations arising from carriage contracts; general regulations on transportation. The conditions of transportation of cargo, passengers and luggage by separate modes of transport, as well as the responsibilities of the parties regarding these transportations, are established by the contract, unless otherwise established by the Civil Code of Ukraine, other laws, transport codes (statutes), other normative legal acts and rules issued in accordance with them
Transport activity, which is accompanied, as a rule, by the conclusion of transport contracts, gives rise to transport legal relations that arise in connection with the operation of transport for the purpose of providing transport services and carrying out related activities in the unity of the organizational-management and economic (civil- law) component of such exploitation
The subjects of transport legal relations are state authorities and local self-government bodies in relations, in particular, regarding licensing of certain types of transport activities, approval of passports of transport routes, admission of carriers to the activity of transporting passages, etc.; suppliers of transportation transport services - railways, motor transport companies, airlines, etc., which provide relevant services on a contractual basis, at the same time observing certain requirements and standards established by the relevant state authorities; consumers of transport services, which in particular include passengers, consignors and consignees; various auxiliary participants in transport activities, in particular forwarders, agents, insurance companies, etc.
The object of transport legal relations is activity related to the transportation of goods, passengers, luggage and mail. A distinction is made between the object of transport legal relations and the object (subject) of transportation. The first is a certain good, for example, a transportation service, for the purpose of which subjects enter into legal relations. The object of transportation is cargo, luggage, hand luggage, mail and, of course, a person-passenger.
Sources of transport law, which are divided into international and national, are analyzed.
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Cherry, Miriam A. « Are Uber and Transportation Network Companies the Future of Transportation (Law) and Employment (Law) ? » Texas A&M Law Review 4, no 2 (mars 2017) : 173–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v4.i2.1.
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This Article largely eschews easy or reflexive judgments about Uber or other TNCs. In this piece, the Author asks two questions about the economic, social, technical, and political aspects of TNCs and their interactions with the law. First, are Uber and TNCs the future of transportation (and transportation law)? And second, are Uber and TNCs the future of employment (and employment law)? In a common-law system, reasoning from precedent is always a form of prediction. As Oliver Wendell Holmes stated, “[t]he prophecies of what the courts will do in fact, and nothing more pretentious, are what I mean by the law.” But answering these questions is more than a legal issue. Such predictions depend on analyzing not just legal precedents but also social and economic trends. Predicting the future, especially of technology, is always a risky and fraught task. Yet drawing on trends we can see developing now, portions of the “uber” business model are here to stay, while other parts are unlikely to remain.
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Desak Nyoman Oxsi Selina et I. Made Wirya Darma. « Legal Protection for Online Transportation Service Providers in Transporting Passengers ». Jurnal Hukum Prasada 8, no 2 (11 octobre 2021) : 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jhp.8.2.2021.70-77.
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Transportation is one of the derivative needs in society due to economic, social activities, and so on. In general, there are two transportations, namely based on conventional and online, but the problem is that discrimination often occurs against providers of online-based transportation services, especially in transporting passengers. Thus, the purpose of this study is to find out the legal protection for online transportation service providers in transporting passengers and to find out the legal consequence of discriminating against online transportation service providers in carrying passengers. The method used in this study is normative legal research method. Meanwhile, the legislative and conceptual approach is the approach used in this study. The results of this study showed that the legal protection of online transportation service providers in Indonesia is regulated in legislation including the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia which in principle every legal subject must be treated equally before the law, and Law Number 39 Year 1999 which protects that every person is entitled to a job, and legal protection is also contained in Law No. 8 of 1999 which in principle regulates the rights and obligations of business actors. The legal consequence of discrimination is that it can result in criminal and civil law in the form of compensation for imprisonment or fines.
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Roberto, Ignatius. « THE PHENOMENA OF MOTORCYCLE-TAXI OR OJEK AS PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN JAKARTA AND ITS LEGITIMACY ACCORDING TO TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION LAW ». Problematika Hukum 2, no 1 (22 janvier 2019) : 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33021/ph.v2i1.561.
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Jakarta mostly known for its problem with traffic jam and also their public transportation. Amongst this issue, ojek emerge and established themselves as an alternative public transportation that much faster and accessible compared to other public transportation, especially after the emergence of application-based ojek. Traffic and road transportation have important role in supporting development and as a part to advancing national welfare of the people. The law that provides regulation of transportation itself already exist in Law No. 22 of 2009 of Traffic and Transportation and further regulation in Government Regulation Number 74 of 2014 of Road Transportation, Regional Regulation of Province of Jakarta Number 5 of 2014 of Transportation and Minister of Transportation’s Decision Number KM. 35 of 2003 of Implementation of People’s Transportation in the Road with Public Transportation. A good proper public transportation provides six point that safety, security, comfortness, affordability, equality, and regularity. While, during these days public transportation mostly are unable to fulfill those six point. These situation makes ojek came up with solution as an option for people to through the traffic in Jakarta. But, yet ojek in Jakarta and in Indonesia itself still not regulated and actually becomes illegal public transportation. And the absence of law itself leads to some problem such as price, safety issues, and no customer service provided. In doing this research Author was using socio-legal study and also sociological approach. Author conducted two researches, one for customer of ojek and one for ojek driver. Author used questionnaire for the customer and interview for the ojek driver. Based on research conducted by Author, the absence of law leads into legal uncertainty in the society for the related parties; no regulation that regulates standard or measurement about ojek’s fare and safety. And according to both customer and ojek driver asked by Author also prefer a regulation to be created than to prohibit ojek itself. In this chaotic Jakarta’s traffic and its public transportation that still under development, ojek provides people with option for people. But a regulation still needs to be created to gives legal certainty for parties; whether to protect customer and ojek drivers.
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Bugayko, Dmytro, Volodymyr Reznik, Anton Borysiuk et Danylo Bugayko. « Transformation of the organization of multimodal transportation under martial law ». Electronic Scientific Journal Intellectualization of Logistics and Supply Chain Management #1 2020, no 17 (février 2023) : 6–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46783/smart-scm/2023-17-1.
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Multimodal transportations plays a huge role in global economy. A lot of manufactures require different components, located in different remote sectors. In order not to discontinue production processes, multimodal transportation is used. Especially, the war influenced on the whole multimodal transportation system in Ukraine. Ports, harbors and sea ports stopped it’s further operation. The main role was fallen on road transportation. A plenty of airports were totally destroyed, the most of main harbor became in occupation, it’s further operation is impossible until the full victory of Ukraine. The road transportation became as the save link for supply chains and further economy operating. The one of the main problems in this situation is choosing of the optimal way and best-suited carrier for sequel carriage. The truck corporations continue cooperating with the airline agents, but the basic hubs of them were moved to the neighbor countries, it can appear new questions for optimization the delivery. Such factor as price, quality of the services, distance and time always plays a huge role in supply chains. The main aim of the transport company and its staff during multimodal transportation is to provide the delivery of goods, that were ordered by the manufacture just in time providing it’s safe and integrity. For optimization of all this factors according to the consignee’s preferences the expert evaluation methods are used in given research. There are lot of additional services attracted in such cases, such as: loading, unloading, repacking, changing the kind of packing (boxes, pallets, container repacking and other), in which sub-contractors take part. The union of all this processes mentioned above gives the opportunity to create the whole system of supplying the good from its seller to buyer. Every process is unique depending on the current situation and terms of delivery.
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Iswanto, Reza. « Kebijakan Formulasi Hukum Pidana Terkait Wajib Menyalakan Lampu Utama pada Siang Hari Dalam Pasal 107 Ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2009 Tentang Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan ». Wajah Hukum 3, no 1 (30 avril 2019) : 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/wjh.v3i1.51.
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Current traffic accidents continue to occur on the highway so it does not rule out the possibility of casualties. For this reason, Law Number 22 Year 2009 concerning Traffic and Road Transportation has been issued as amended by Law Number 14 of 1992 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation. In Law Number 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation there are more specific arrangements regarding requiring motorbike riders to turn on their main motorbike lights during the day, namely Article 107 Paragraph (2) of Law Number 22 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation. The background of the policy on the formulation of criminal law Article 107 Paragraph (2) of Law Number 22 Year 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation is that Law Number 14 of 1992 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation is no longer compatible with conditions, strategic environmental changes and the need to carry out Road Traffic and Transportation at this time and to realize security and reduce the number of accidents that always increase every year. However, the implication of Article 107 Paragraph (2) of Law Number 22 Year 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation is the greater loss obtained than the benefits generated. Therefore, the impending formulation of criminal law policy related to Article 107 Paragraph (2) of Law Number 22 Year 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation is the abolition of Article 107 Paragraph (2) Law Number 22 Year 2009 concerning Traffic and Road Transportation. To get the results of this study, the normative legal approach is used by prioritizing library materials or secondary data which is carried out by analyzing Article 107 Paragraph (2) of Law Number 22 Year 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation and then associated with expert opinion
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Handoko, Yunanto Dwi, et Maryanto Maryanto. « Traffic Crime Law Enforcement On Over Dimensions ». Law Development Journal 3, no 3 (12 août 2021) : 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/ldj.3.3.630-636.
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The purpose of this study describes how the law enforcement of Act No. 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation against over-dimensions as well as obstacles and solutions in overcoming public transportation law enforcement that is Over-Dimensional. The approach method used in this research is empirical juridical. Based on the research, it can be concluded that law enforcement in over-dimensional cases is contained in the provisions for the mandatory testing of types of public transportation vehicles or over-dimensional vehicles regulated in Act No. 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation. In addition to Act No. 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation, there is also Government Regulation Number 55 of 2012. Over-dimensional vehicles are strictly prohibited because in the event of a traffic accident, the fatality of the victim is very high. The over-dimension does not take into account the factors of security, safety and order and the smoothness of traffic, and only cares about the profits of public transport entrepreneurs, so they must be punished in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations.
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Walter R. Kendall, DBA, Nancy Boykin, PhD et Nathan A. Heller, PhD. « The Law of General Average : Possible Consequences of a Resurgence of Acts of Piracy ». Transportation Journal 50, no 2 (2011) : 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/transportationj.50.2.0218.
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Sidiqah, Meliyani. « The Implication of the Development of Technology on Land Transportation Law in Indonesia ». SASI 29, no 3 (12 juin 2023) : 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v29i3.1486.
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Introduction: The emergence of online transportation provides significant changes in various aspects of people's lives. But its success raises protests from several groups for the abolition of online transportation. The rapid technological development of land transportation that cannot be accommodated by Indonesian law can affect the certainty of law. Further, it can provide legal protection to related parties.Purposes of the Research: This research aims to analyse the implication of online transportation as land transportation in Indonesia, and to recommend the accommodation of online transportation in Law Number 22 of 2009 on Road Traffic and Transportation to the Government of Indonesia.Methods of the Research: This research employed the normative juridical method by examining secondary data collected from library research using the statutory approach method analysed by qualitative technique.Results of the Research: The results show that the existence of online transportation as land transportation has positive implications for society such as the easier process, saving time, saves energy, can identify drivers, can track routes and vehicle locations, traffic monitoring, safety standards, lower costs, promos and discounts, efficient payment methods, and driver services. The other benefits are reducing the unemployment rate, increasing people's income, reducing the number of poverties, improving the people's welfare, and increasing the productivity of every institution and company. So, the government of Indonesia must accommodate online transportation in Law Number 22 of 2009 on Road Traffic and Transportation.
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Justika, Justika, et Khoiruddin Manahan Siregar. « Kelancaran Lalu Lintas di Kota Padangsidimpuan di Perspektif Fiqh Siyasah ». Jurnal El-Thawalib 3, no 5 (31 octobre 2022) : 822–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24952/el-thawalib.v3i5.6200.
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This study discusses the role of the Padangsidimpuan City Transportation Service in Implementing Article 23 Paragraph 1 of Law Number 22 Year 2009 concerning Traffic Smoothness and Road Transportation. The background of this research is to analyze the role of the Padangsidimpuan City Transportation Service in Implementing Article 23 Paragraph 1 of Law No. 22 of 2009 concerning Traffic Smoothness and Road Transportation, as well as to find out the factors that the Transportation Office does in controlling traffic in Padangsidimpuan City when viewed from the perspective of the Department of Transportation. siyasa fiqh.This research was conducted from October 2021 to March 2022, located in Padang Matinggi, Simpang Silandit, Tugu Siborang, and Sadabuan. This research is a type of field research using qualitative methods (field research) to collect data in the field to obtain accurate information regarding the object under study. Collecting data in this study are interviews, observations or observations, and documentation. The parties studied are the Department of Transportation, Riders, Passengers, and the Community.The results showed that the implementation of Law No. 22 of 2009 article 23 paragraph 1 in the City of Padangsidimpuan concerning the Role of the Department of Transportation in Controlling the Smoothness of Traffic and Road Transportation has not been carried out optimally because of people's habits who do not obey the applicable regulations and do not consider it important to have the rule of law. The inhibiting factors for the implementation of Law Number 22 of 2009 Article 23 Paragraph 1 concerning the Role of the Department of Transportation in Controlling the Smoothness of Traffic and road transportation in the city of Padangsidimpuan are the lack of public awareness about the law, inadequate facilities such as traffic lights, road signs. traffic signs, lack of socialization to the community and lack of quality on the highway.
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정재곤. « Revision of Multimodal Transportation Law and Some Problems ». CHUNG_ANG LAW REVIEW 13, no 2 (juin 2011) : 255–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21759/caulaw.2011.13.2.255.
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Wassenbergh, Henri A. « A Launch and a Space Transportation Law, separate from Outer Space Law ? » Air and Space Law 21, Issue 1 (1 mars 1996) : 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila1996005.
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Rhimadhila, Ryke, et Bambang Tri Bawono. « Law Enforcement against Pedicap which is Modified into "Bentor" ». Law Development Journal 2, no 2 (8 octobre 2020) : 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/ldj.2.2.225-231.
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The aim of this study To find out and analyze the causes of the many pedicabs being modified into motorized pedicabs in the jurisdiction of the Semarang Police, law enforcement of Act No. 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation against bumps in the jurisdiction of the Semarang Police, obstacles and solutions in overcoming pedicab law enforcement modified in the jurisdiction of the Semarang Police. The approach method used is juridical normative and juridical sosilogis, the specifications in this research are descriptive analysis, population and sampling methods, data collection techniques using literature study and interviews, data analysis used is qualitative. The research problem is analyzed by law enforcement theory and law effectiveness theory. The number of Bentors as urban transportation shows an increase, this is due to the increasing need for transportation facilities and also transportation service areas that cannot be served by other transportation facilities, because of the difficulty of finding work, many unemployment. Law enforcement against Bentor violations in the jurisdiction of the Unit Polrestabes Semarang refers to Article: 277 of Act No. 22 of 2009. Law enforcement of Act No. 22 of 2009 concerning Highway Traffic and Transportation regarding the prohibition of driving motorized pedicabs has several obstacles, namely the law enforcement factor. The second is the factor of facilities or facilities, namely in the case of confiscation of vehicles where the Police cannot secure large numbers of bumps because the facilities used to transport the bumps are insufficient, the number of Bentors in Semarang. The last factor is the low level of public awareness of the enactment of Act No. 22 of 2009, besides that the community also does not understand the consequences that will be received if they still use Bentor. The solution in overcoming obstacles is by coordinating the Semarang Police with the Semarang City Transportation Agency in enforcing the motorized pedicab law in the city of Semarang as follows: Unity of action, communication, division of labor and strengthening through law.
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Lestari, Tasia Eda, et Amad Sudiro. « TANGGUNG JAWAB PT RAILINK TERHADAP KETERLAMBATAN PENUMPANG KERETA API BANDARA ». Jurnal Hukum Adigama 2, no 2 (13 décembre 2019) : 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/adigama.v2i2.6704.
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Transportation in Indonesia has experienced very rapid development, one of which is in land transportation, namely airport trains managed by PT Railink. But in the airport railroad operations there are also problems, namely delays. One of the incidents that occurred was the delay of the airport train with train number 7160 which caused passengers to miss flight schedules and could not fly that day. There is no law that discusses airport railroad, so the Act used still refers to the railroad regulations in general, namely Law 23 of 2007. So the author discusses how PT Railink's responsibility for the delay of airport train passengers. The author uses normative legal methods, interview data and survey results as supporting data. The government has issued a new regulation namely the Minister of Transportation's Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number PM 63 of 2019 concerning Minimum Service Standards for Transportation of People by Train, but in this regulation it has not been able to provide sufficient legal protection for passengers for airport train delays.
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Purba, Mariah Sonanggok, et Fixma Raju Sinaga. « THE LEGAL LIABILITY OF ONLINE DRIVER FOR PASSENGERS ACCIDENT IN CONSUMER PROTECTION LAW ». International Journal of Law Reconstruction 5, no 2 (6 novembre 2021) : 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v5i2.17945.
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Online motorcycle taxis have become a favorite public transportation for some people because they are flexible in their activities, can reach places that are not passed by public transportation such as city transportation (public transport), buses, or other types of four-wheeled public transportation. One of the losses experienced by passengers or motorcycle taxi service users is the occurrence of accidents caused by the mistakes of motorcycle taxi drivers. Legal certainty to provide protection to consumers in the form of protection of consumer rights, so that business actors do not act arbitrarily which always harms consumers. The research method used is normative juridical. The results of this study are that most of the Indonesian online motorcycle taxi companies use motorbikes as their means of transportation and receive payment for the services provided, not in accordance with what is stipulated in UULAJ and Government Regulation Number 74 of 2014 concerning Road Transportation. In order to operate the transportation of people not on a route using a public motorized vehicle, the public transportation company is required to have a license to operate the transportation of people not on a route which must meet the requirements. Legal protection for online motorcycle taxi passengers when an accident occurs is divided into 2, namely preventive and repressive legal protection.
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Sudjana, Sudjana. « PENYULUHAN HUKUM DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN KESADARAN HUKUM BERLALULINTAS MELALUI PEMAHAMAN TERHADAP ISI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 22 TAHUN 2009 TENTANG LALU LINTAS DAN ANGKUTAN JALAN ». JURNAL PENDIDIKAN ILMU SOSIAL 25, no 2 (10 avril 2017) : 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jpis.v25i2.6186.
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This study discusses the public understanding of the contents of Law No. 22 of 2009 regarding Traffic and Road Transportation. This is important, considering traffic and road transportation has an important role to realize the security, prosperity, order traffic and road transportation to support economic development. Methods Research method used is a normative juridical approach, Specifications descriptive analytical research, conducted research stage through the study of literature to examine the primary legal materials, secondary law, and tertiary legal materials. Data collected through the study of documents, and the method of data analysis is done through qualitative normative. The results showed that the understanding of the contents of Law No. 22 of 2009 regarding Traffic and Road Transportation is difficult to measure the level of legal awareness of citizens because there are other factors that affect the example of officials and oversight mechanisms in determining well.Keywords: legal education, legal awareness, understanding, traffic and road transportation law.
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Fialkoff, Marc. « Uniformity of transport law through international regimes ». Transport Reviews 40, no 1 (22 août 2019) : 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2019.1656678.
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Ziegler, Brian, et Eric Meale. « Financially Constraining Washington's Transportation Plan ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1518, no 1 (janvier 1996) : 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196151800108.
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The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) requires states and metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) to develop long-range transportation plans. These plans must be financially realistic and be based on available revenues. In the past, states and MPOs have not forecast transportation revenues beyond 6 years. The ISTEA requirements prompt the need for new approaches to forecasting revenue. An approach adopted by Washington State in developing its financially constrained 20-year plan for state highways is presented. The methodology predicts a revenue stream based on no changes in revenue sources or levels (called current law). The methodology also forecasts a revenue stream assuming a historical pattern of transportation revenue increases. In Washington State, the current law forecast will fund about one-third of the 20-year needs on state highways. The historical trend forecast will fund about two-thirds of these needs.
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Churniawan, Erifendi, Titiek Masdini Agustriana et Sapto Priyanto. « Railroad Crossings Seen from Indonesia's Positive Law ». Journal of World Science 1, no 11 (15 novembre 2022) : 1031–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.58344/jws.v1i11.110.
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Introduction: Rail transportation is part of land transportation in Indonesia. The extended rail network has level crossings, namely the crossing of railroads and highways. Judging from the existing laws in Indonesia, the law mentions avoiding accidents at level crossings. Several factors influence law enforcement at railroad crossings, including legal, law enforcement, facilities, community, and cultural factors. There needs to be legal awareness from the side of law violators themselves, law enforcement officers themselves, and the government side. It is also necessary to increase cooperation between networks of law enforcement officers in crossing railroad crossings. Method: The research method used in this study is comparative descriptive. Result: The public is stated to have not understood the regulations that discuss railroad crossings listed in Law Number 23 of 2007, which discusses railways. In Law Number 22 of 2009, which discusses Traffic and Road Transportation, it is stated that Government Regulation 56 of 2009 discusses the Implementation of Railways and Government Regulation Number 72 of 2009 concerning Railway Traffic and Transportation. Conclusion: The law of crossing a railroad plot according to positive law in Indonesia has a position as a reference for travelling a railroad plot as has been written based on: Article 124 of Law Number 23 of 2007, Article 78 of Government Regulation Number 56 of 2009, Article 110 paragraph (1) Government Regulation Number 72 of 2009 & Article 114 of Law Number 22 of 2009.
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Müller-Rostin, Wolf. « Air Carrier’s Liability for Surface Transportation ». Air and Space Law 17, Issue 6 (1 décembre 1992) : 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila1992046.
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van Fenema, Peter. « Cooperation and Competition in Space Transportation ». Air and Space Law 19, Issue 2 (1 avril 1994) : 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila1994012.
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Horn, Norman. « Can the Government Solve Transportation Pollution ? » Ethics, Place & ; Environment 12, no 2 (juin 2009) : 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13668790902863374.
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Joyner, Nancy D. « Challenges to security in air transportation ». Criminal Law Forum 3, no 2 (1992) : 333–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01096207.
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SEINO, Kaoru, et Eisuke DOHGAKI. « Historical study on the introduction of container transportation systems and the port transportation business law. » Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no 716 (2002) : 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.2002.716_23.
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Patel, Raman K., et Edward J. Seymour. « National transportation communication for its protocol (NTCIP) for transportation interoperability ». Computer Standards & ; Interfaces 21, no 2 (juin 1999) : 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5489(99)92078-0.
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Dimas Surya Guritno et Arikha Saputra. « IMPLEMENTASI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 22 TAHUN 2009 TENTANG LALU LINTAS DAN ANGKUTAN JALAN DI WILAYAH HUKUM KABUPATEN SEMARANG ». Juris 6, no 2 (13 décembre 2022) : 525–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.56301/juris.v6i2.626.
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Every motorized vehicle that is operated and/or used on the highway must meet all technical requirements and roadworthiness requirements as stipulated by Law No. 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation. The objectives of this study are to: 1) examine more deeply the implementation of Law No. 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation on roadworthiness tests for public transportation vehicles in the jurisdiction of Semarang Regency, 2) Knowing the obstacles related to Implementation of Law No.22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation on roadworthiness tests in the jurisdiction of Semarang Regency. This type of research is field research and uses a normative juridical approach in obtaining data, where a normative juridical approach is carried out based on the main legal material by examining the concepts, principles, and legal theories as well as legislation related to the Act. Law No.22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation in the jurisdiction of Semarang Regency. The results of this study obtained a conclusion that: The implementation of Law No. 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation on roadworthiness tests for public transport vehicles is in accordance with the provisions contained in Article 54 paragraph (3) regarding KIR testing of public transport vehicles. in the jurisdiction of Semarang Regency too has been implemented using a smart card where the implementation of a smart card is a substitute for a test book which is a policy of the Central Government through the Ministry of Land Transportation program.
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Muhammad Rafi’i, Fadia Fitriyanti, Moh. Lubsi Tuqo Romadhan, Susila et Nada Luqyana Mumtazah. « The Position of Online Ojek Based on the Perspective of Islamic Law ». International Journal of Social Science and Business 6, no 4 (10 novembre 2022) : 553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/ijssb.v6i4.51193.
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In today's era, humans prioritize systems and business, but along with Islamic progress, Sharia-based economy and business are now starting to develop. To meet daily needs, transportation is currently the urgent need for everyone. This is because transportation can support all activities in the community. This type of transportation too affects the rotation of activities that can be utilized in the economic sector, delivery of goods or services, and passenger transportation. This study aims to analyze the position of online ojek based on the perspective of Islamic law. Looking at the current development of the Islamic economy, many do not follow Islamic law in economic and business development. In this case, a compelling case for research is the development of the online transportation business. This study uses the normative juridical method. In normative research, to obtain data, you must use secondary data sources or library data and abuse laws and Hadith, or Al'qur'an as a writing reference. So, from the discussion, we can see that online transportation service companies have succeeded in achieving Sharia business principles. This is all proven by economic progress and has created community welfare.
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Dewi, Nur Kumala. « Supervision and Law Enforcement on Intelligent Transportation Systems on the Highway ». International Journal of Educational Research & ; Social Sciences 2, no 1 (7 avril 2021) : 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51601/ijersc.v2i1.20.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This research discusses the supervision and law enforcement on the transportation system, which will be applied to the smart transportation system. With this system, the police and local governments will be able to monitor the transportation system in a city, especially law enforcement on roads. The method used in this study is to use a literature review which is the basis for this research, by using a literature review it will be able to deepen a research, and be able to understand previous studies in order to create new research. The problem raised in this research is how to apply law enforcement on the highway to land transportation, both public vehicles and private vehicles that are on the highway every day, with strict law enforcement it will reduce crime on the road and can reduce accidents on the road Highway. This research will produce a proposed system, which can be used by the police and local governments in enforcing the law on public or private vehicles on the road.
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Bech Serrat, Josep M. « Re-routing under the Air Passengers Rights Regulation ». Air and Space Law 36, Issue 6 (1 décembre 2011) : 441–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2011041.
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This article analyses the alternative transportation requirement provided by Regulation (EC) No. 261/2004 in comparison with European sale of goods law, with a view to exploring the limits on re-routing to be provided by air transportation companies and the exercise of the passenger's right to be offered alternative transportation. The article concludes that this is a rarely regulated remedy, and there is room for improvement in a new Regulation to deal with re-routing when the original transportation contracted for is not provided.
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Sekar Bidari, Ashinta. « The Political Law of Government in Responding to The Development of Online Transportation in Indonesia ». SHS Web of Conferences 54 (2018) : 06012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185406012.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Government legal policy related to online transportation arrangements must provide the greatest benefit for all actors of online transportation and pay attention to all the interests of both non-online operators. Problems related to online motorcycle taxi and conventional motorcycle taxi that must be resolved by the Government are to realize fair business competition between online transportation and conventional transportation in Indonesia. The presence of new players in the transportation business, in the midst of poor public transport problems, has triggered tensions and even led to violence. This online-based transportation business if its existence must be supported by good regulations in order to balance conventional pre-existing companies with online-based companies so that there is healthy competition.
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Zelenko, Yulia, et Volodymyr Cherkudinov. « Energy-efficient means of transporting oil products to Ukraine during martial law ». MATEC Web of Conferences 390 (2024) : 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202439001007.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Carrying out transportation of oil products, there is a danger of having a negative impact on the environment - a leak of liquid can create an environmental problem for a certain area. Transportation of oil-containing cargoes to Ukraine, during martial law, is carried out by multimodal transport, namely, road, sea and rail modes of transport.As of June 2023, there are 14 border railway stations connecting Ukraine with five countries: Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Moldova. International railway transshipment stations were studied, which allow oil products to be transshipped into tankers for further customs clearance and transportation to warehouses, civilian or military recipients. The distance of the transportation path is not always decisive in the matter of energy saving. Environmental friendliness and energy consumption during the transportation of petroleum products are also affected by the topography of the road, the landscape of the area where the roads pass, and the traffic on the roads with other vehicles.
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변용완. « A Study of Civil Law in Intelligent Transportation Systems ». CHUNG_ANG LAW REVIEW 17, no 3 (octobre 2015) : 149–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21759/caulaw.2015.17.3.149.
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Bernicot, M. F., et J. M. Drouffe. « A Slug-Length Distribution Law for Multiphase Transportation Systems ». SPE Production Engineering 6, no 02 (1 mai 1991) : 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/17864-pa.
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Mascarenhas, Fábio Sampaio, Ricardo Begosso et Rodrigo Oliveira Salgado. « Transportation Planning and Development in Brazilian Constitutional Economic Law ». Beijing Law Review 14, no 04 (2023) : 2216–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/blr.2023.144122.
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Candrawati, Evidiannita, Rini Kusnari, Hermi Hermi, Nur Joko Sariono et Dwi Tatak Subagiyo. « Role Of Law And Social Stratification For Online Taxibike Consumer According To The Republic Of Indonesia Law Number 8 1999 Considering Consumer Protection ». IJEBD (International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Development) 4, no 3 (31 mai 2021) : 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/ijebd.v4i3.1419.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The role of law and social stratification for online taxi bike consumers regarding implementation Law No. 8 of 1999, using normative descriptive methods. The Law uncurtained concerning taxi bike position as a transportation mode. And since motorbike is likely uncommonly used public transportation. Not only for the taxi bike driver in general, but this issue is also addressed to Gojek driver since the main service of Gojek is using a motorbike as made of transportation.
Regarding the after-mentioned issue, according to article 1 1 of Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection (BFL) on 20 April 1999(Indonesia, 1999) it is obvious that the relation of online taxi bike system is so relevant, observe by social stratification approach since it is hierarchically structured. Thus causing a relationship between law and social stratification as are chain reactive it is stated within by the law. There is existing discrimination in public caused by social discrimination that can be legally overcome, and law guarantees equality for all.
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Sharipova, Assel. « Peculiarities of the carriage contract under the Kazakhstan Republic law ». Reality of Politics 3, no 1 (31 mars 2012) : 224–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/rop201214.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Contract of carriage and transportation terms and their special features are important problems of the civil law. Kazakhstan has chosen innovational development and it requires radical reforms in all spheres. Nowadays transportation is widely used , so there are different legal problems concerning it. The purpose of the given research was to systemize drawbacks in legal regulation of transport relations, to give legal assessment, theoretical and practical recommendations, tasks were the reason and base to define ways in reaching the purpose. Kazakhstani legislation relating to transportation sphere consists of six stages. The main tasks of our work were to determine different legal problems on those stages and to make right decisions.
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Fathurrahim, Fathurrahim. « LEGAL PROTECTION FOR CONSUMERS IN THE CASE OF EXCESS SPEED BOAT CAPACITY AT DUFA PORT – DUFA ». Khairun Law Journal 5, no 2 (17 mars 2022) : 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33387/klj.v5i2.5434.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In a carriage agreement, the position of the parties, namely the carrier and the service user, is equal. As for the things that can cause harm to passengers due to the fault of the carrier, among others, accidents caused by the negligence of the captain, conditions of transportation that are not suitable for use, or due to lost or damaged passenger luggage. The government should increase the socialization activities of Law no. 17 of 2008, both to sea transportation operators and to the wider community as users of sea transportation services, so that legal protection efforts against sea transportation service users (passengers) as regulated in Law no. 17 of 2008 can actually be implemented by all sea transportation companies.
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Khalid, Zuhriati. « ANALISIS JURIDIS KEDUDUKAN PERJANJIAN KEMITRAAN ANTARA PENGEMUDI JASA ANGKUTAN ONLINE DAN PERUSAHAAN PROVIDER DITINJAU DARI ASPEK HUKUM KEPERDATAAN ». Jurnal Hukum Kaidah : Media Komunikasi dan Informasi Hukum dan Masyarakat 18, no 3 (30 avril 2019) : 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/jhk.v18i3.1207.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The legal position between the drivers of online transportation services and the online transportation application service company is a partnership agreement as regulated in civil law. However, in practice the existing legal regulations have not provided legal protection to drivers of online transportation because not all drivers of online transportation understand their position as a partnership relationship. If it is associated with civil law, this is contrary to the principle of balance; it can even be said to be an abuse of the situation (misbruik van omstadigheden). The misuse of this situation can occur if an agreement is born due to economic excellence, psychological superiority and other advantages. The purpose of this study is to see how existing legal regulations actually runs effectively and efficiently in the community. The method of this research is qualitative research, namely based on the principles of law, doctrine and legislation that can answer the problems of this study. Keywords : Partnership Agreement, Driver, Online Transportation
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Wiryawan, I. Wayan Gde. « Urgency of Employment Protection Regulation for Online Transportation Driver ». Sociological Jurisprudence Journal 3, no 1 (27 mai 2020) : 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/scj.3.1.1319.34-42.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The phenomenon of online application-based transportation services is actually an answer to people's needs for transportation that is easy to get, convenient, fast, and cheap. There are many factors making this online-based application is needed by many people, especially in big cities in Indonesia. Online transportation has become an alternative mode that people want after previously they have to use the conventional modes. Behind the convenience provided, the presence of GO-JEK and Grab has contradictions from various parties. There are no regulations specifically regulating worker protection for the drivers because in Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower (hereinafter referred to as the Manpower Law) only regulates formal worker. Thus, worker standards in the Manpower Law cannot be applied to online transportation drivers. The urgency to make rules regarding worker protection for online transportation drivers should be considered by the Government. Therefore, it can create legal certainty and justice for the drivers like the formal workers.
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Cardozo-Muchari, Aldahir, Juan Alexander Parodi Carro, Ulises Martin Miranda Correa et Manuel Alberto Luis Manrique-Nuhent. « La Puesta en Valor de la Ley General de Transporte Terrestre en los Pobladores de Huanta, 2023 ». Alpha Centauri 4, no 4 (1 décembre 2023) : 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47422/ac.v4i4.156.
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The purpose of this work was focused on characterizing the value of the general law of land transportation in the inhabitants of Huanta, Ayacucho, Peru. The research corresponds to a quantitative method. (Héctor Cárcamo Vásquez, 2009) This law decrees the general, organizational and regulatory orientation of land transportation that governs the entire Peruvian territory (Palma, 2022). General Law of Land Transportation and Transit N. 27181, incorporated by Emergency Decree N. 019-2020, 4-A-1 establishes various obstacles for certain natural and legal persons to obtain authorized domain rights for the assistance of transportation or auxiliary services while the interference would be justified in the protection of the referred constitutional rights (Chafloque Tullume, 2022). Transportation in Peru is governed under free market principles, with legal facilities for permits and services under Law No. 27181, which establishes the general economic, organizational and regulatory criteria for road transportation and transit and applies throughout the territory of the Republic. The transporter, complying with regulatory requirements such as safety, technical condition of the vehicle, without monopolization or price standardization, has the opportunity to access, with prior authorization, on non-saturated roads, according to the services provided that are in areas or roads classified as saturated (Risco, 2020). So one of the criticisms to the people of Huanta is that they should put into practice the good management of the general transportation regulations, in order to stop committing accidents due to the same recklessness of the driver.
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Kussy, Edward V. A. « Surface Transportation and Administrative Law : Growing up Together in the 20th Century ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1527, no 1 (janvier 1996) : 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196152700101.
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The concurrent development of administrative law and America's modern transportation system is no accident. Both reflect the technological and societal changes that have defined what the United States is today. The importance of transportation is reflected by the fact that so many of the important events, statutes, and court decisions in the history of 20th century administrative law have involved transportation. The first really powerful administrative agency, the Interstate Commerce Commission, was created to regulate railroads and, later, interstate trucking. The Federal-Aid Highway Program, which can trace its roots to 1893, has been the largest federal grant program for much of this century. The statutory framework for this program, established by the Federal Road Act of 1916 and the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1921, became the model for all federal grant programs. The Interstate system and other highway programs helped shape the great economic expansion that followed World War II. The effects of these vast new road systems were among the most important factors leading to the growth of modern environmental law in the 1960s and 1970s. In the years ahead, with the accelerating integration of new technology into the transportation system, further concurrent change in transportation and administrative law is inevitable.
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Wassenbergh, Henri A. « Safety in Air Transportation and Market Entry ». Air and Space Law 23, Issue 2 (1 avril 1998) : 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila1998011.
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Litman, Todd. « Efficient vehicles versus efficient transportation. Comparing transportation energy conservation strategies ». Transport Policy 12, no 2 (mars 2005) : 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2004.12.002.
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Gorenskaya, Elena V. « Criminal Legal Mechanisms for Ensuring the Economic Security of Domestic Cargo Transportation ». Russian Journal of Legal Studies (Moscow) 10, no 4 (29 janvier 2024) : 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls623282.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The area of the Russian Federation exceeds 17 million km2, and the distance between the extreme geographical points is 8.230 km. Therefore, transport plays a crucial role in public relations, providing transportation of goods, passengers, and luggage. One of the serious threats to the transport complex is the increase in economic crimes, including those in internal cargo transportation.
This study aimed to analyze the current state and effectiveness of criminal law mechanisms for ensuring the economic security of domestic freight transportation considering the need to protect the domestic transport complex from criminal encroachments. This goal predetermined the following tasks: to characterize the transport complex as one of the leading branches of the national economy of key importance for the economy; to analyze the main types of crimes from the perspective of threats to the economic security of this complex; and to formulate conclusions and proposals for improving the criminal law provision of economic security of domestic cargo transportation. The study employed the dialectical method of cognition and general scientific methods of abstraction, analysis and synthesis, deduction, concretization, and modeling.
CONCLUSION: The study results revealed the current state and effectiveness of criminal law mechanisms for ensuring the economic security of domestic cargo transportation (by which we understand the symbiosis of the relevant criminal law norms and the possibilities of their application in practice). The proposals based on the study results will contribute to improving the effectiveness of criminal law mechanisms for ensuring the economic security of domestic cargo transportation.
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Derkach, E. M. « Legal issues on carriage of humanitarian aid cargo under martial law ». Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no 1 (2 juillet 2022) : 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.01.15.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article analyzes the legal framework on humanitarian aid transportation, as well as identifies vectors for improving the relevant legislation. It is emphasized that under martial law the possibilities of national economy is significantly limited, the logistics chains within the country are broken, that led to significant changes in approaches in organizing and implementing transport activities; reorientation of the transport market from commercial services to transportation of humanitarian aid cargo; priority road transportion of goods due to restrictions on other modes of transport. It is emphasized that current challenges need to be taken into account at the legislation level.
A comparative analysis of the general and simplified procedures for importing humanitarian aid cargoes to the territory of Ukraine has been provided. It is noted that under martial law the transportation of humanitarian goods has been gradually simplified according to legislation. The stages of developing the Ukrainian legislation concerning the import of humanitarian aid cargoes are covered.
The article focuses on the peculiarities of transportation of humanitarian aid by rail (JSC «Ukrzaliznytsia») under the martial law. It is concluded that the transportation of humanitarian goods as a type of economic (foreign economic) activity is characterized by certain features: 1) special (simplified under martial law) procedure for customs clearance and customs control; 2) special subjects: a) direct participants: donors, recipients, acquirers, transport organizations (carriers); b) indirect participants (authorized public authorities, etc.); 3) specific object of transportation (humanitarian goods). The peculiarities in carriage of humanitarian goods under martial law are highlighted. The article substantiates the need to reflect the features of formating and implementing the contracts on carriage of humanitarian goods in special transport legislation of Ukraine, in particular the Rules of Carriage of Goods.
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Wahyudi, Hesti Kristi, et Sri Kusriyah. « Owner's Responsibilities of Vehicles Used as Illegal Public Transport When Traffic Accidents Happened ». Jurnal Daulat Hukum 4, no 1 (6 mars 2021) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v4i1.13693.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The research objectives to be taken in the intended research plan are as follows: To know and analyzecriminal law construction for owners of vehicles used as public transportation or commercialized. To find out and analyzeconstruction of criminal law is the responsibility of owners of vehicles commercialized as public transportation. To find out and analyzesolution to the problem of responsibility of vehicle owners who commercialize their vehicles illegally when a traffic accident occurs on the highway. The method used by researchers isjuridical sociological approach to law and the specification in this research is including analytical descriptive. Based on the results of that research Construction based on criminal law Act No. 22 of 2009 concerningTraffic and road transportArticle 308 is a sanction for every person driving a public motorized vehicle not equipped with a license to carry out person transportation/not having a route. The construction of liability criminal law is based on Act No. 22 of 2009 concerningTraffic and road transport Article 315 states that when a criminal offense is committed by a Public Transportation Company, the criminal liability is imposed on the Public Transportation Company by adding a maximum fine of 3 (three) times the fines specified in each article and also subject to additional penalties in the form of temporary suspension or revocation transport operating license for the vehicle used.The obstacles: there are no articles in the Road Traffic and Transportation Act No. 22 of 2009 that can be used to ensnare vehicle owners. The solution is to hope that this article will exist so that in the future it can create a deterrent effect for vehicle owners so that they do not go around operating their vehicle without being equipped with existing terms and conditions in accordance with the law and in the future it is also expected to prevent the occurrence of traffic accident victims in large numbers.
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Wahjoe, Oentoeng, Dini Dewi Heniarti et Anita Puspawati. « THE IMPACT OF LIBERALIZATION OF ASEAN AIR TRANSPORTATION ON INDONESIAN AIRLINES ». International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no 9 (30 septembre 2019) : 332–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i9.2019.616.
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Liberalisation of air transportation practically is known as open sky policy. In the practice, the liberalisation of air transportation is divided into two group of services, i.e.: air transportation services, for passengers and goods (air service) which is categorized as hard rights and supporting services of the air transportation services (ancillary services) which is categorized as soft rights. The research in this paper focused in air transportation services for passengers and goods, consists of nine freedom of the air. The impact of the policy such as the Agreement regarding ASEAN open sky policy, is the readiness of Indonesian air transportation companies to compete with foreign air transportation companies. The government of Indonesia has to regulate the implementation of ASEAN Open Sky Policy to be projected in order to comply with national development, i.e. the function of air law in national development. The policy has been implemented by enact or amend the existing law as air law that regulate flight lines, the following provisions: To regulate flight line for foreign airlines to open flight lines in Indonesia region which may not or have not land and sea transportation. The regulation is intended to support mobility of humans, goods and services that may fulfil the needs of the people of Indonesia, which materially and spiritually and the development of the region. The regulation of flight lines of foreign air transportation for region of tourism, industrial and trade center. The regulation is intended to support the national economic development of Indonesia.
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Putu Inten Kanaya, I Nyoman Putu Budiartha et Desak Gde Dwi Arini. « Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Konsumen atas Pembatalan Tiket Keberangkatan Pengangkutan Udara Akibat Pandemi Covid-19 ». Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum 3, no 1 (2 mars 2022) : 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/juinhum.3.1.4636.43-48.
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One of the public transportation sectors affected by the COVID-19 pandemic is air transportation. Many cities or countries have imposed a system of lockdown or social distancing in their territory, resulting in almost all flights being cancelled. The purpose of this study is to analyze the form of legal protection for consumers who experience cancellations due to the COVID-19 pandemic? And discussed the form of responsibility of the air transportation company towards the obligation to refund air transportation departure tickets that were canceled due to the covid-19 pandemic. This study uses normative law as its method with conceptual and legislation as its approach. There are three sources used in this research, namely primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The legal materials contain the 1945 Constitution, the Criminal Code, the Consumer Protection Act, the Aviation Law and the Disaster Management Law, the Minister of Transportation, Government Regulations, legal journals, and other legal-related literacy. These materials are collected by means of recording techniques, file systems, and document studies which will later be analyzed systematically. The forms of legal protection listed in the results of this study show a form of legal protection for consumers who experience cancellation of departures due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the form of rights and consumer obligations described in Law no. 1 of 2009 regarding Aviation and Law no. 8 of 1999 regarding Consumer Protection. The responsibility of the air transportation company for the obligation to refund flight departure tickets that were canceled due to the covid-19 pandemic is to apply a refund mechanism in the form of vouchers
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Wahyuningtyas, Sih Yuliana. « The Online Transportation Network in Indonesia : A Pendulum between the Sharing Economy and Ex Ante Regulation ». Competition and Regulation in Network Industries 17, no 3-4 (décembre 2016) : 260–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/178359171601700304.
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The prominent role of innovation in the emerging digital market in Indonesia presents new challenges for current competition law and policy. Traditionally reliant on market definition for the analysis, the present competition law may not yet have sufficiently taken innovation into consideration. In the competition policy area, while innovation has not taken a clear role in tailoring suitable regulations or approaches, markets have attempted to adapt themselves to the new changes in order to meet rising demand. The present state of policy is illustrated by the development oj online transportation networks like those provided by Uber and GrabCar, services similar to those that have been traditionally offered by taxi companies. While regulation asymmetry has been accused of not allowing a level playing field for conventional taxis versus online transportation networks, the concept of the sharing economy seems to address today's policy approach in Indonesia, which favors ex ante regulation on public transportation service provision in the country. This paper examines the applicable regulations in the transportation network industry and discusses how competition policy might cope with this issue and in what cases competition law might deal with innovation brought by online transportation network in the public transportation industry in Indonesia.