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1
Scarmack, Emma E. « Tectonics Today : A Paradigm Shift in Tectonic Thinking ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1306502946.
Texte intégral
2
Anderson, Phillip. « THE PROTEROZOIC TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF ARIZONA (PRECAMBRIAN, PLATE TECTONICS, VOLCANIC, STRATIGRAPHY) ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183853.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Archean tectonics are irreconcilable with modern plate tectonics without clearly understanding Proterozoic tectonic accretionary prosesses. Arizona best displays a convergent margin where Proterozoic accretion to an Archean craton generated a new Proterozoic crust from 1800 to 160 Ma. This 12 year study independently formulated a definitive understanding of Arizona's Proterozoic tectonic evolution with new lithologic, petrologic, geochemical, structural and relative age data, and extensive new mapping. The Northwest Gneiss Belt contains an early Proterozoic arkosic clastic wedge at the Wyoming Archean edge, but only intraoceanic elements--Antler-Valentine and Bagdad volcanic belts--on Proterozoic oceanic crust south of the wedge. The Central Volcanic Belt evolved diachronously on oceanic crust: 1800-1750 Ma formative volcanism (Bradshaw Mountain, Mayer, Ash Creek and Black Canyon Creek Groups) stepped SE to form the Prescott-Jerome island arc above a SE-dipping subduction zone; a 1740 Ma NW subduction flip accreted the arc to the Archean craton, evolved I-type plutons of NW alkali-enrichment opposit to arc tholeiites, and formed calc-alkaline Union Hills Group volcanics at the southeast arc front. Except for hiatal Alder Group deposition in structural troughs, the central magmatic arc emerged as the trench stepped southeastward across SE Arizona with flattening of subduction, growth of the Pinal Schist fore-arc basin, 1700 Ma accretion of the Dos Cabenzas arc to the margin, eruption of felsic ignimbrite fans across the central arc front, and Mazatzal Group shallow marine sedimentation across the emergent arc. Proterozoic plate tectonics were subtly different from modern plate tectonics, producing oceanic crust, island arcs and other features very different in detail from modern and Archean analogs. The Proterozoic Plate Tectonic Style warrants clear distinction from those of other eras. This study establishes for Arizona an extensive, accurate and new Proterozoic data base, for central Arizona a detailed relative chronology surpassing isotopic resolution, and a new formal stratigraphic framework to be the foundation for future studies. This dissertation is superceded by a new book on Arizona's Proterozoic Tectonic Evolution, published by the Precambrian Research Institute, 810 Owens Lane, Payson, Arizona, 85541.
3
Tsamis, Alexandros 1976. « Software tectonics ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77777.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph. D. in Design and Computation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 365-370).
The resent shift of attention in the architectural discourse towards issues of ecological design, coupled with the undeniable role of computation, has already cast a new operative role to the notion of environment. Instead of being the passive, conceptualized or historicized context of an architectural object, environment is quite literally becoming the object of design itself. We are moving away from the imposed-preconceived Cartesian object which negotiates through its boundaries its presence within its immediate context. The discipline is already considering an architecture in which architectural form is only an instance of a designed environment. In many respects, this new understanding of environment aspires to be actively designed as a closed system of constant transformation, an autonomous milieu of exchange at all scales and all levels between substances, properties or qualities. The object of investigation in Software Tectonics is how technologies of design and construction allow newly forming propositions about the role of environment in the discipline to become operational tactics in the design practice. SOFTWARE TECTONICS proposes 3 design research projects. VSpace is a computer drawing application for designers. Unlike traditional CAD systems that work primarily by representing boundaries (B-reps), VSpace derives form by the representation and direct manipulation of properties (P-reps) in space. Boundaries and Properties here are considered simultaneously in the same design environment. Castit is a multi axis, Computer Numerically Controlled device that prints 3D objects by dynamically mixing at least two distinct but chemically compatible materials. Dynamic mixing allows for gradient transitions between two or more materials, resulting in objects with anisotropic material properties. CHUNK aims to eliminate a joint as a third mediating member between two building elements with an area of gradient transition. Conceived as a "dynamic insulation" architectural skin, this building technology project challenges the multi-trade and multi-component tectonics of dominant late-industrial building manufacture.
by Alexandros Tsamis.
Ph.D.in Design and Computation
4
Costanza, David (David Nicholas). « Fibrous tectonics ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97378.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 152-153).
The inherent possibilities of composites present an exciting frontier in architecture that has remained largely untapped. In light of the current computational capacities and new digital tools in manufacturing, composites are just beginning to re-situate themselves in the field of architecture. Efficiency and durability coupled with a load bearing capacity make a strong case for the use of composites as a primary building material. We now possess the computational and digital manufacturing tools that make the development of a composite building viable.On a holistic level, the research has concerned itself with an overarching focus on developing a composite building which minimizes the required costs and labor while simultaneously creating the potential for customized forms. Based on the concepts of mass customization, when the workflow from digital conception to digital production is seamless, a variety of composite structures can be produced at no greater expense. This potential for an efficient "one off" composite architecture empowered by digital manufacturing and computation, is where the research is positioned At present, the research has been focused on exploring surface composite structures through a reinvention of the 'mold'. This approach has involved using inflated bladders, rather than traditional molds of milled foam or aluminum in order to produce composite structures. In doing so, the benefits of inflatables are all encompassing. Not only do they allow for inexpensive transportation and rapid deployment, but they also lend themselves to the production of large scale structures through the simple use of air and pressure, thus minimizing both material and effort. This lies in stark contrast to traditional composite manufacturing techniques which require molds to be milled out of solid aluminum blocks or high density foam volumes, whereas inflatable molds are easily heat seamed and inflated. When considering issues of scalability, traditional molding techniques demand significantly more labor, material, and with that, overarching costs. Inflatable molds however, require only more air. Coupled with the rethinking of molding techniques is a consideration in the technological methodologies in order to produce such composite structures. The research looks to the new developments in the composite industry, such as Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) and Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM). These processes greatly simplify the manufacturing of composites and eliminate much of the manual labor traditionally associated with composite structures. By taking advantage of the existing vacuum bag used for compaction while producing composites, the VARTM process pulls resin through the bag under vacuum pressure, thus wetting out the fibers and eliminating typical layup deficiencies while producing a nearly weightless composite structure.
by David Costanza.
S.M.
5
Ngala, Umar Jibrin. « 4 D Delta Tectonics : Tectonic Evolution of the Deepwater South Central Niger Delta ». Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498744.
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Bayasgalan, Amgalan. « Active tectonics of Mongolia ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251670.
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7
McClay, K. R. « Structural geology and tectonics / ». Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SD/09sdm126.pdf.
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8
Goldsworthy, Mary. « Active tectonics of Greece ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272731.
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Tai, Yen-Ju Timothy. « Towards material-informed tectonics ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120393.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis introduces, demonstrates, and implements a unified computational design framework for material distribution modeling that enables the production of geometrically complex, materially heterogeneous, and functionally graded objects, across scales, media, and platforms. Receiving user-defined performance mappings as input, the workflow generates and evaluates instructions for designated fabrication systems, informed by the extrinsic constraints presented by the hardware and the intrinsic characteristics embedded in the materials utilized. As a proof of concept to the generalizable approach, three novel design-to-fabrication processes within the framework are introduced with material and materialization precedents and implemented through computational and robotic platforms: implicit modeling for the fabrication of photopolymers, trajectory optimizing for the fabrication of water-based material, and toolpath planning for the fabrication of fiber-based material. Titled Material-informed Tectonics, the framework extends the domain of parametric design processes from geometry to material, expands the potential application of volumetric material modeling techniques beyond high resolution multi-material 3D printing systems, and bridges between the virtual and the physical by integrating material information into the tectonic relationship between manufactured objects and manufacturing methods; thereby outlining an approach towards a synthesis of material properties, computational design, digital fabrication, and the environment.
by Yen-Ju Timothy Tai.
S.M.
10
Edgar, Lynette. « A Tectonics of Opportunity ». Thesis, Curtin University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/77965.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis investigates the forces, processes and themes presenting in understandings of opportunity as experienced through young peoples’ lives, (aged 15-17), where disengagement from formal learning arrangements creates displacement against a range of societal norms. The work delivers through narrative, phenomenology, and writing, within an embodied hermeneutic inquiry. A dialogue with the work of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and student voices is in juxtaposition with the shifting ground of politics and policy within the Tasmanian (Aust) landscape.
11
Hollingsworth, J. « Active tectonics of NE Iran ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604169.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this dissertation I use historical and instrumental seismicity, along with observations from satellite imagery, topographic data and field observations of the geomorphology to clarify the active tectonics of NE Iran. The aim is to better understand the deformation occurring within NE Iran in the context of the Arabia-Eurasia collision. In the Central Kopeh Dagh, an array of active right-lateral strike-slip faults cut obliquely across the range, and which are almost certainly responsible for a number of destructive earthquakes. These faults have identifiable ends, where they turn into thrusts, which indicate that they are restricted to the Kopeh Dagh range and do not continue beyond it. Their significance to the regional tectonics appears to be in achieving an across-strike shortening and along-strike elongation by rotating about vertical axes. Simple calculations using the cumulative offset between faults, and their associated rotation, can account for ~30 km of along-strike elongation and ~50 km across-strike shortening in the Central Kopeh Dagh, since the onset of strike-slip faulting. Along-strike elongation in the Central Kopeh Dagh is taken up by the westward component of motion between the NW Kopeh Dagh-South Caspian block, relative to both Eurasia and Central Iran. From the limited GPS data currently available, ~50% of the shortening across NE Iran (i.e. ~6 mm/yr) is accommodated in the Kopeh Dagh. Estimates of the total deformation across this range could be achieved in ~10 Ma, at present-day rates. The remaining 50% of shortening across NE Iran is accommodated south of the Kopeh Dagh, across the sub-parallel East Alborz, Sabzevar (Siah Kuh) and Kuh-e-Sorkh mountain ranges. The active tectonics of the East Alborz vary significantly along strike. East of 57°E, regional shortening is accommodated on thrust faults bounding the southern margin of the range. OSL dating of displaced geomorphology indicates <1 mm/yr (i.e. <20% OF NE Iran shortening) across this range, at longitude of Neyshabur. The remaining 30% of shortening across NE Iran is probably accommodated across the Sabzevar and Kuh-e-Sorkh mountain ranges, south of the East Alborz.
12
Duerto, Leonardo. « Shale tectonics, eastern Venezuelan basin ». Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497506.
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Helman, Marc. « Tectonics of the Western Mediterranean ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8d799ab4-d55f-4f58-92a6-1478dd14e5f3.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The evolution of the Western Mediterranean takes place between the converging African and Eurasian plates, therefore the motion between them cannot be determined directly. The motion between them is the finite difference between the independent seafloor spreading systems in the Central and North Atlantic Oceans. Primary magnetic anomaly data from the North and Central Atlantic was reexamined. All Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic anomalies (Anomaly 34 - Anomaly 2) were remapped. Fracture zones were remapped using bathymetic maps, topographic profiles from ship tracks, SEASAT altimetry (geoid deflection) data, and SEASAT derived gravity images. Fracture zones were used as the primary control for the determination of rotation parameters. Finite difference solutions were computed between matched anomalies using the newly determined rotation parameters for each ocean with parameters of Pindell et al. (1988) used for Early Cretaceous and Jurassic spreading in the Central Atlantic. The product was a kinematic model describing the motion of Africa with respect to Europe from 175 Ma to the present. The motion of Africa was seen to be much smoother and not marked by the sharp, unusual direction changes that characterized previous work. On a gross scale the motion could be divided into phases that correlated with major geological events, but on a smaller scale it was clear that relative motion between Africa and Eurasia did little more than set very broad boundary conditions within which a variety of geological events occurred. Africa's motion is divisible into several distince phases. From the Jurassic start of seafloor spreading until the Late Cretaceous Quiet Zone (KQZ) the motion between the plates was sinistral strike-slip. During the KQZ, but prior to Anomaly 34 (84 Ma, Campanian) Africa's motion changed to northeasterly directed compression. Shortly after Anomaly 30 (68 Ma), close to the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, until after Anomaly 24 (55 Ma, mid-Eocene) there was a period of little relative motion between the two plates. After Anomaly 24 strong relative motion recommenced between Africa and Eurasia. Africa continued on a trajectory between N and NNE until the Middle Miocene (Anomalies 5A - 5D) when motion became directed to the NW. Within the relative motion framework a model for the geological evolution of the Western Mediterranean Sea is evolved. Although the Western Mediterranean is a Neogene phenomena the history of the region prior to this time is also examined, albeit in less detail. Among the major problems for which solutions are suggested is the convergence direction of Iberia with respect to Europe and the reason extension initiated in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
14
Bentley, Mark Richard. « The tectonics of Colonsay, Scotland ». Thesis, Cardiff University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329747.
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15
Ruppel, Carolyn Denise. « Thermal-modelling of extensional tectonics ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/57922.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, 1986.Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science.
Bibliography: leaves 81-82.
by Carolyn Denise Ruppel.
M.S.
16
Nimmo, Walter Heron Francis. « Volcanism and tectonics on Venus ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627116.
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17
Dugan, Robert. « Tectonics of the heart [poems] / ». Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
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18
Janes, Daniel Mark. « Tectonics of one-plate planets ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185087.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Voyager 2 encounter with Neptune and its moons in August of 1989 completed the discovery phase of planetary exploration. In the 25 years since Mariner 4 returned the first images of another planet, geophysical models for such basic processes as mantle convection and loading which were developed for the Earth have been strained beyond their limits by features such as the Tharsis rise on Mars and the coronae of Miranda which cover as much as a quarter of their planetary circumference. In this work I develop a general planetary shell model in spherical coordinates that is capable of treating shells of arbitrary thickness and driving forces of arbitrary breadth. I then present a methodology for finding the forces exerted on the shell from two processes. I first develop a treatment for mantle convection driven by a density anomaly within a viscous mantle. This model is applied to the small moon of Uranus, Miranda, to study the three large coronae which dominate its surface and for which several competing hypotheses were offered, two of which invoked mantle convection driven by density anomalies of opposite sign. I then develop a general model for loading of the lithosphere and examine the effects of a range of load breadths and lithosphere thicknesses. I map out the combinations of these two variables where classical approximations such as the flat-plate and thin-shell models are applicable as well as determine the nature and extent of the transition between these two regimes. Finally, I employ finite element modeling to investigate the coronae on Venus, showing that morphological aspects of these features reported in the literature can be produced by flexure of the lithosphere beneath a volcanic load and gravitational sliding of a cooled crust off these volcanic mounds. I then, however, produce independent characteristic topographic profiles for three of the more regular coronae which question how typical the reported morphologies are in the coronae in general.
19
Lopes, Cardozo Gideon Gerrit Oscar. « 3-D geophysical imaging and tectonic modelling of active tectonics of the Upper Rhine Grabe Region ». Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13213.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le Fossé Rhénan Supérieur est considéré comme une example classique d'un fossé d'enffondrement continental. Le fossé est caractérisé par une activité sismique élevée dans l'avant-pays de la cha\^ine Alpine, qui est relativement calme au niveau sismique. Les tremblements de Terre sont le résultat direct de l'activité des failles dans le fossé sous une régime de compression résultant de la collision des plaques continentales Africaine et Européenne. Cette thèse présente une étude ciblée sur les failles qui sont responsables des tremblements de Terre, et sur la tectonique à grande échelle qui est la cause de l'activité de ces failles. A l'échelle crustale, la tectonique du fossé Rhénan est dominée par des failles qui existaient déjà avant l'ouverture du fossé. La position exacte, l'orientation et la profondeur de certaines de ces failles n'étaient pas encore connues jusq'à aujourd'hui. Dans cette étude, ces données sont obtenues par l'interprétation détaillée de la structure en vitesses sismiques, calculée par inversion des temps de trajet des séismes locaux. Cette interprétation détaillée était possible grâce à la combinaison du modèle de vitesses avec les autre données géophysiques et géologiques de la région. La modélisation numérique du système actif souligne l'aléa sismique associé à la configuration des failles sous le champ de contraintes actuel. A l'échelle lithosphérique, la tectonique est aussi influencée par les structures pré-existantes. Un modèle de vitesses sismiques pour toute la lithosphère montre que les structures dans le manteau ne sont pas parallèles à l'axe du fossé. Ceci montre que la formation du fossé n'ést pas expliqué par les modèles classiques d'extension continentale. Un nouveau modèle pour la formation et l'état actuel du fossé dans l'avant-pays Alpin est proposé dans cette thèseThe Upper Rhine Graben is considered to be a classical example of a continental rift. The graben is associated with an increased seismicity in the seismically rather quiet foreland of the Alpine chain. The earthquakes result from activation of the faults in the graben under the compression caused by the on-going collision of the African and European continental plates. This thesis presents a study into the faults that are responsible for the earthquakes, and larger scale tectonics that cause the activity of these faults. On a crustal scale, the tectonics of the Upper Rhine Graben are dominated by faults that were already existing before the opening of the graben. The exact position, orientation, and depth extent of some of these active faults were previously unknown. In this study, they are derived from a crustal seismic velocity model, obtained from a local earthquake tomography. Integration of various geophysical and geological data for the region allowed precise interpretation of the crustal seismic velocity structure. Numerical modelling of the kinematics of the active system outlines the possible seismic hazard that is associated with the present-day configuration of faults under the current stress field. On a whole lithosphere scale, the tectonics are proven to be also influenced by pre-existing structures. A teleseismic travel time tomography yielded images of the seismic velocity structure of the entire lithosphere. The observed structures are not parallel to the graben axis and prove that the graben has not formed following the classical ideas about continental rifting. A new model for the formation, and present-day state of the graben in the foreland of the Alps is proposed in this thesis
20
Mowlah, Naveem M. « Connective architecture : exploring relationships between tectonics of weaving and spatial tectonics of production and display ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33742.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-53).
An extended sense of the wrap of a fabric is the fiber or essential, a foundation or base. This thesis sprouts from a fascination with the structure of fabric and the loom. On one level, it deals with the tectonics of the woven fabric. On another, it deals with all environment for both process and product (production and display) -- a programmatic arrangement of independent industries but not associated with large scale displays. This thesis explores these two tectonic environments and weaves a series of spaces to create and celebrate the sari -- a stretch of fabric that is simultaneously utilitarian, empowerment, cultural, social and art object. The various elements explored in the research included the heritage of the sari, the Important/image of the sari to women from various backgrounds, the structure of the loom and the methods involved with the process from conception to finish -- pinning, spooling. dyeing, weaving, display and retail. The program aims to create, for the growing South Asian community ill Queens who are caught in a liminal space, a place to celebrate their culture and for visitors to learn more about it through the medium of one of the oldest crafts in South Asia.
by Naveem M. Mowlah.
M.Arch.
21
McCoy, Christina Glasgow. « Tectonics in the Twenty-first Century : The Expanded Notion of Structure and Its Perception in Architecture ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1242913668.
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Wollet, Travis J. « Tectonics transcended detailing in digital fabrication / ». Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1148477360.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Master of Architecture)--University of Cincinnati, 2006.Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed July 11, 2006). Includes abstract. Keywords: Detail; Tectonics; digital fabrication; cyclery; CAD/CAM; Technology Includes bibliographical references.
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Worthington, James, et James Worthington. « Paleozoic–Cenozoic Tectonics of Central Asia ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625855.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This dissertation investigates the evolution of continental orogenic systems in Central Asia during and between pre-collisional plate convergence (Cordilleran-style orogenesis), syn-collisional plate convergence (collisional orogenesis), and post-collisional tectonic processes within the scope of closing Paleo-Asian and Tethyan ocean basins. A brief introductory chapter outlines the scope and context of the research. Appendix A focuses on the Late Paleozoic closure of the Turkestan ocean basin and subsequent collision between the Karakum–Tarim and Kazakh–Kyrgyz terranes in the South Tian Shan, within the scope of the final amalgamation of the Mesoproterozoic–Permian Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Appendix B focuses on late Cenozoic syn-collisional exhumation of gneiss domes in the India–Asia collision, which is a component of the Triassic–recent Alpine–Himalayan orogenic belt. Abstracts of the results are provided in the respective appendices.
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Peschler, Anne P. « Archean tectonics : Analog and gravity models ». Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29186.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This work investigates Archean continental geodynamics. Three cratonic areas were studied: the Pilbara Craton, Australia (3.5--3.2 Ga), the Yilgarn Craton, Australia (2.7 Ga) and the Abitibi Subprovince, Canada (2.7 Ga). Each region is modeled using several 2-D gravity profiles. In the 3.5 Ga Pilbara craton, some modeled batholiths have well defined roots that extend to depths greater than 10 km whereas others have roots extending to less than 6 km depth. The model results from the 2.7 Ga Yilgarn craton and the Abitibi Subprovince show no major differences between the two terranes. The rarity of deep roots and a thickness of 5 to 6 km are characteristics of the ca. 2.7 Ga batholiths. The surrounding greenstones form keels of up to 10 km depth, in the three modeled regions. Compassion of the results from the older and younger cratons suggests: (1) the presence (Middle Archean) or quasi-absence (Late Archean) of deep batholith roots may indicate changes in continental geodynamics from 3.5 Ga to 2.8 Ga. (2) greenstones in the Middle and Late Archean terranes form deep keels, which are consistent with the gravity driven, diapiric model in the case of the older greenstones, and may be explained by crustal folding in the younger cases. A more detailed gravity study was done on the Abitibi Subprovince using modeled gravity profiles and a wavelet based inversion method, leading to a new proposed model to explain the structures of the Abitibi Subprovince. In this model the Abitibi upper-middle crust is folded, the deformations zones interpreted as detachment folds. We used analog experiments to investigate folding of continental crust subjected to different geothermal gradients. In our experiments, folding is the main response to shortening of the analog crust. The middle and lower crust analogs respond to the shortening by buckling. In the upper crust analog, detachment folds, thrust faults and grabens above anticlines are developed. For the lowest thermal gradient, one anticline-syncline pair is formed. For warmer gradients, multiple folds develop that have smaller amplitudes. Based on our models, we interpret that the increase of crustal temperatures may result in a decrease of the amplitude of the crustal folds. Our results suggest that the deformation style preserved within Archean greenstone belts is strongly influenced by the syndeformational thermal regime of the crust.*
*This dissertation is a compound document (contains both a paper copy and a CD as part of the dissertation). The CD requires the following system requirements: Microsoft Office.
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McLeod, Scott Stuart. « Isostatically compensated extensional tectonics on Enceladus ». Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/mcleod/McLeodS0509.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Saturn's moon Enceladus is the smallest body in the solar system known to be geologically active. Extensive, energetic resurfacing processes are ongoing and it possesses a system of geysers at the South Pole that supply material to the E-ring. The South Polar Terrain (SPT) is the youngest region on Enceladus and its contacts with the older cratered and grooved plains to the north are delineated by a variety of complex geologic features including mountain ranges and massive grabens. Many of the geologic features seen on Enceladus bear superficial resemblance to terrestrial structures associated with plate tectonics. A detailed structural geologic analysis, supported by crater counting studies, was used to determine whether the features seen on Enceladus are compatible with terrestrial-style plate tectonics. On Earth, new lithosphere is created at spreading centers and consumed at subduction zones, enabled by the compositional dichotomy between oceanic and continental crust. Enceladus's lithosphere appears to be made entirely of pure water ice, so any newly formed crust will have the same composition, but lower density due to higher temperature, making subduction and consequently spreading, as we understand it on Earth, impossible. Geometrically, the absence of fold-thrust belts and transform faults in the presence of normal faults and basin and range-style features implies extension without corresponding shortening elsewhere. This is not possible in a conventional (terrestrial) plate tectonic regime as surface area is not conserved; therefore, an alternate explanation is required. Topographic features associated with density contrasts between old and new terrain that are diagnostic of terrestrial spreading centers are also not observed on Enceladus. I conclude that features observed on Enceladus are inconsistent with terrestrial-style plate tectonic spreading, and represent a style of tectonism peculiar to bodies with icy lithospheres. I present an interpretation in which the cordillera surrounding the SPT is a broadly developed extensional regime, and describe a model for its formation that is consistent with the known physical properties of Enceladus, dependent on the presence of a water-ice phase transition below the south polar terrain.
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Green, Peter Wright. « Architecture and the tectonics of printmaking ». Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24005.
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Westaway, R. W. C. « Active tectonics of Campania, Southern Italy ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355873.
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Vazquez-Meneses, Mario Ernesto. « Gravity tectonics, Western Gulf of Mexico ». Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424310.
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Goodwillie, Andrew Michael. « Tectonics of the south central Pacific ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334191.
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Foster, Adrian Neill. « The seismicity and tectonics of Africa ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411175.
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Vulpe, Elena. « Molecular tectonics based on fluorinated porphyrins ». Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF048/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les travaux décrits dans ce manuscrit utilisent les principes de la tectonique moléculaire pour générer des polymères de coordination hautement fluorés et /ou chiraux pour une application potentielle en séparation chirale. La synthèse de 13 porphyrines de type A2B2 substituées en position méso par deux pyridines et par deux chaines fluorées et/ou alkyles a été mise au point. Des réseaux de coordination ont été obtenus en présence de Zn(II) et de Cd(II) et caractérisés par diffraction des RX sur monocristal (DRX). Une analyse systématique des interactions supramoléculaires et notamment de interactions F---F présentes à l’état solide a été conduite. Des réseaux à base de liaisons halogènes ont également été obtenus en présence de di- et tri-iodoarènes et caractérisés par DRX.Le premier chapitre est une introduction générale sur la tectonique moléculaire, le deuxième chapitre décrit les voies des synthèses utilisées pour générer les ligands chiraux et fluorés et leur caractérisation à l’état solide. Le troisième chapitre présente la structure des réseaux mono, bi, et tridimensionnels formés en présence de Zn(II) ou de Cd(II), l’analyse structurale met en évidence un nombre croissant d’interaction F---F en fonction du nombre de fluors présents à la périphérie du macrocycle porphyrinique. Le dernier chapitre se concentre sur l’utilisation des liaisons halogènes de type N---I impliquant des porphyrines ou des tectons de type bipyridine et une série d’ iodofluoroarenesThis manuscript focuses on the use of molecular tectonics to generate chiral and / or fluorinated coordination polymers based on porphyrin building blocks for potential application in chiral separation. Synthesis of novel A2B2 fluorinated porphyrin tectons is described and their combinations with metal ions and haloarenes molecules are characterized by X-Ray diffraction.The first chapter gives a general introduction on molecular tectonics; the second chapter focuses on the synthetic routes used for the synthesis of highly fluorinated and/or chiral porphyrins and their solid state characterization by X-Ray diffraction analysis, highlighting the importance of the number of fluorine atoms present at the periphery of the tecton on the crystal packing. The third chapter presents the mono-, bi- and three dimensional networks formed by a combination of the porphyrins with Zn(II) or Cd(II). In the solid state, short F---F contacts were observed depending on the number of fluorine atoms present on the porphyrin backbone. The last chapter focuses on the use of halogen bonds, by merging the neutral porphyrin or bipyridine tectons with a series of iodofluoroarenes. The crystalline materials described in this work can be used as potential candidates for the separation of chiral and fluorinated molecules
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Shedlock, Kaye M. « Structure and tectonics of North China ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/57725.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, 1986.Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science.
Includes bibliographies.
by Kaye M. Shedlock.
Ph.D.
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WOLLET, TRAVIS J. « TECTONICS TRANSCENDED : DETAILING IN DIGITAL FABRICATION ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1148477360.
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Williams, Elsie Joy Carleton University Dissertation Geology. « Precambrian plate tectonics ; a geodynamic approach ». Ottawa, 1986.
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Barker, Adam Daniel. « 3D Mechanical Evolution of the Plate Boundary Corner in SE Alaska ». Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/BarkerAD2007.pdf.
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Sattarzadeh-Gadim, Yosef. « Active tectonics in the Zagros Mountains, Iran ». Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7922.
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Middleton, Timothy A. « Active tectonics of the Ordos Plateau, China ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d03e3b5b-6056-4021-bab2-85316d64bd1c.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis is concerned with the active tectonics of the Ordos Plateau in northern China, an apparently non-deforming portion of continental lithosphere that sits at the northeastern edge of the India-Eurasia collision zone. Numerous, large-magnitude, historical earthquakes have occurred at the margins of the plateau, including some of the deadliest earthquakes in recorded human history. Furthermore, the adjacent North China Plain is one of the most densely populated regions on the planet, meaning that reliable seismic hazard assessments are of paramount importance. We investigate the 1739 Yinchuan earthquake, on the western side of the Ordos Plateau, using 14C dating and a new high-resolution Pleiades DEM of the entire rupture. We find that the event took place on the East Helanshan Fault and had a magnitude in the range Mw 7.1 to Mw 7.6, smaller than previously suggested. We then use IRSL and 10Be dating, along with high-resolution Pleiades DEMs, to determine a right-lateral slip rate on the Luoshan Fault of 4.3±0.4 mm/a and a throw rate on the East Helanshan Fault of < 0.8±0.1 mm/a, indicating that north-south right-lateral shearing is the predominant tectonic motion on the western side of the Ordos Plateau. In the northern Shanxi Grabens, at the northeastern corner of the plateau, we observe good agreement between Quaternary, seismic and geodetic rates of strain, and we find that the region is extending at around 1 to 2 mm/a at an azimuth of approximately 151°. However, there is a notable seismic strain rate deficit since 1750, which could indicate that we are quite late in the earthquake cycle with the potential for large earthquakes in the relatively near future. Finally, we combine our results with information from the literature to propose a kinematic model for the whole Ordos Plateau. We suggest that the plateau behaves as a pinned block, rotating anticlockwise within a large-scale WNW-ESE left-lateral shear zone. The previously enigmatic normal faulting at the margins of the Ordos block can then be explained as wedge-shaped grabens that develop during widening of the overall zone, or en echelon features that accommodate principally right-lateral motion.
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Filipic, Jacob G. « Tectonics an invesigation of a material language / ». PDF viewer required Home page for entire collection, 2007. http://archives.udmercy.edu:8080/dspace/handle/10429/9.
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Gleiser, Celina Gail. « The tectonics of Jorge Luis Borges' texts ». Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23980.
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Kennan, Lorcan. « Cenozoic tectonics of the central Bolivian Andes ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306963.
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Oliveira, Luis Otavio Aguiar. « Integrated tectonics and sedimentation in extensional basins ». Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340598.
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Riley, Dominic John. « Applications of numerical modelling to thrust tectonics ». Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242321.
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Bell, Andrew. « Silurian sedimentation and tectonics in North Wales ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292896.
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Baker, Calum. « The active seismicity and tectonics of Iran ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309153.
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Ji, Wenbin. « Late Mesozoic extensional tectonics in south China ». Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2037/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les structures extensives d'âge Mésozoïque tardif (Crétacé) sont très répandues en Eurasie orientale, depuis la Transbaïkalie en Russie jusqu'à l'intérieur de la Chine du Sud. Elles constituent la plus grande province de distension crustale dans le monde. Cette thèse a sélectionné des structures développées dans trois endroits différents du bloc de Chine du sud en utilisant les méthodes de la géologie structurale, de l'anisotropie de la susceptibilité magnétique et de la géochronologie (U-Pb sur zircon et titanite, U-Th-Pb sur monazite et Ar-Ar sur micas et amphiboles). L'expression des structures extensives diffère selon les endroits étudiés: (1) la ceinture orogénique de HP/UHP Tongbai-Dabie, le long de la bordure nord du bloc de Chine du sud a été remaniée par au Crétacé par la formation d'un antiforme ou d'un dôme métamorphique extensif. Contemporaine de la migmatisation et du magmatisme syntectonique, le régime extensif a commencé à environ 145 Ma et s'est approché de son point culminant vers 130 Ma. Ce qui a été interprété comme le résultat de la suppression de la racine orogénique. Localement, un nouvel épisode de distension vers 110-90 Ma a également été enregistré; (2) le batholite de Dayunshan-Mufushan intrudif dans l'orogène Neoproterozoic Jiangnan se compose de deux phases d'intrusions granitiques d'âge Jurassique (ca. 150 Ma) et Crétacé inférieur (ca. 132 Ma). Le pluton le plus récent s'est mis en place dans un contexte d'extension NW-SE correspondant au processus amincissement crustal du Crétacé inférieur, avec une faille de détachement développée le long de sa bordure ouest; (3) l'anticlinal de Huangling dans le craton du Yangtze est un pli asymétrique d'axe N-S formé entre le Jurassique et le Crétacé inférieur. Sur les deux flancs, la couverture sédimentaire a participé à une série de plis d'effondrement de vergence opposée et de glissements banc-sur-banc des couches. Les exemples étudiés ci-dessus représentent une série de structures d'extension d'âge Crétacé développées dans différents niveaux structuraux: exhumation de croûte inférieure et moyenne de accommodée par un fort étirement, mise en place syntectonique de plutons granitiques avec étirement limité, déformation de la couverture sédimentaire sous une faible extension. Ils indiquent que la Chine du Sud a également participé au régime extensif bien connu en Chine du Nord. Ces résultats apportent des données nouvelles de première main permettant de discuter le cadre tectonique et géodynamiques spatio-temporel du régime extensif du Crétacé sur la marge orientale de l'EurasieLate Mesozoic extensional structures are widespread in eastern Eurasia (from Transbaikalia region in Russia to inland South China). They constitute the largest crustal extensional province in the world. This thesis selected extensional structures developed in three different tectonic settings in the South China block. Detailed studies including structural geology, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and geochronology (zircon and titanite U-Pb, monazite U-Th-Pb, and mica Ar-Ar) were conducted. The expression of these extensional structures is not the same for each area: (1) the Tongbai-Dabie HP/UHP orogenic belt along the northern edge of the South China block was reworked by Cretaceous extensional antiform or metamorphic core complex. Coeval with migmatization and syntectonic magmatism, the extensional regime started at ca. 145 Ma, and approached its climax at ca. 130 Ma that was signaled by removal of the orogenic root. Locally, a late (110-90 Ma) extensional event was also recorded; (2) the Dayunshan-Mufushan batholith intruding the Neoproterozoic Jiangnan orogen is composed of two phases of granitic intrusions with Late Jurassic (ca. 150 Ma) and Early Cretaceous (ca. 132 Ma) ages, respectively. The late pluton emplaced under a NW-SE extensional setting corresponding to the Early Cretaceous crustal thinning process, with a detachment fault developed along its western margin; (3) the Huangling anticline within the Yangtze craton is a nearly N-S striking asymmetric dome formed between the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. The sedimentary cover on the two flanks was involved in a series of oppositely-directed collapse folding and layer-parallel slipping. These examples of Cretaceous extensional structures in different tectonic levels (exhumation of middle-lower crust by strong stretching, syn-tectonic emplacement of granitic pluton with limited stretching, deformation of sedimentary cover under a weak extension) indicates that South China also was involved into the regional extensional regime coeval with the destruction of the North China craton. These results provide first-hand new structural evidence for further discussing the temporal-spatial framework and geodynamic setting of the Cretaceous extensional tectonics on the eastern margin of Eurasia
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Abers, Geoffrey Alexander. « Active tectonics and seismicity of New Guinea ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/51475.
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Walker, Richard Thomas. « Active faulting and tectonics of eastern Iran ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620030.
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Shaw, Beth. « Active tectonics of the Hellenic subduction zone ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608877.
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Barišin, Ivana. « Optical sub-pixel matching and active tectonics ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:17d42603-1946-49d1-8144-edc0ca0ae501.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this thesis I use sub-pixel optical matching, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), and Light Detection and Ranging (lidar) spatial geodetic observations to produce reliable 3D displacement fields caused by co-seismic events and reliable earthquake source models with slip distribution on fault planes. I produce horizontal displacement maps for the 2005 Dabbahu segment, Afar using SPOT4 satellite images. By combining InSAR descending data and range offsets with optical sub-pixel I produced a vertical displacement map of the event. I attempted to perform the inversion of the dataset obtained by sub-pixel matching but I found that datasets are not well suited for the typical numerical inversion, and I fit data with direct dislocation modelling instead. I identify biases and errors that arise from optical sub-pixel matching of satellite images using many horizontal datasets constructed using SPOT5 images for the El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake. I develop algorithms for removal of some of these biases from horizontal displacement maps. Using sub-pixel matching I asses the quality of several DEMs available to me for study of the El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake. I developed a novel technique for producing vertical displacement maps caused by an earthquake by combining archived pre-event satellite images with post event acquired lidar. I use this technique to produce a vertical displacement map of the El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake. I produce a source model of the El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake by inverting InSAR datasets using the method. After attempts to do joint inversion of InSAR and optical sub-pixel matching I developed the code to use Bayesian inversion instead, because its advantages when it comes to joint modelling of datasets. I sucessfully invert four InSAR datasets on seven fault planes using the Bayesian approach. I found that the results of the Bayesian inversion are very similar to the results of the optimization inversion.
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Mandeville, Charles W. « Tectonics of the Ålen area, central Norway ». Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51906.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Investigation of primary features preserved within the Tremadocian - Lower Ordovician Fundsj∅ Group indicate that the succession accumulated in a deepwater environment. The ca. 4-5 km thick Fundsj∅ Group exposed in the Ålen area is dominated by thin-bedded, terrigenous clastic metasediments which exhibit gradational contacts with mafic dominated bi-modal volcanics. Blastoporphyritic to blasto-ophitic diabase sills (0.5 - 3 m thick) compose ca. 20 - 30% of the metavolcanic Hersj∅ and Reitan Formations, and were emplaced as shallow intrusive units contemporaneous with volcanic activity. Localized preservation of relict coarse pyroclastic textured rocks and cIast-within-clast fragments attest to the occasional occurrence of phreatomagmatic explosions. Very thin-bedded, fine-grained amphibolite which exhibits mm scale planar parallel Iaminae and non-erosive contacts suggest deposition by marine fallout. Primary features preserved within the terrigenous clastic Gudå, Kjurudal, and Slågrov Formations indicate deposition by turbidity currents throughout the succession.
A new stratigraphic correlation between the Dictyonema schist of the Nordaunevol locality, with the Kjurudal Fm. of this paper is proposed based on recent detailed mapping in the Ålen and southeast Haltdalen area. This correlation suggests that the Fundsj∅ Group is largely of Tremodocian - Lower Ordovician age.
The lithofacies contained within the oldest (Gudå Fm.) to youngest (Slågrov Fm.) formations in the Fundsj∅ Group suggest that this succession represents an accumulation of syn-rift to post-rift sediments deposited oceanward of the hinge zone of the Baltoscandian continent.Master of Science