Articles de revues sur le sujet « And Labour Mobility Agreement »
Pour voir les autres types de publications sur ce sujet consultez le lien suivant : And Labour Mobility Agreement.
Créez une référence correcte selon les styles APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard et plusieurs autres
Consultez les 50 meilleurs articles de revues pour votre recherche sur le sujet « And Labour Mobility Agreement ».
À côté de chaque source dans la liste de références il y a un bouton « Ajouter à la bibliographie ». Cliquez sur ce bouton, et nous générerons automatiquement la référence bibliographique pour la source choisie selon votre style de citation préféré : APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
Vous pouvez aussi télécharger le texte intégral de la publication scolaire au format pdf et consulter son résumé en ligne lorsque ces informations sont inclues dans les métadonnées.
Parcourez les articles de revues sur diverses disciplines et organisez correctement votre bibliographie.
1
Lilly, Meredith B. « Advancing labour mobility in trade agreements ». Journal of International Trade Law and Policy 18, no 2 (17 juin 2019) : 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jitlp-06-2018-0025.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose Labour mobility is increasingly recognized as an important component of a globalized international trading system. This paper aims to examine the role of temporary entry commitments in international trade agreements toward facilitating global labour mobility. Design/methodology/approach This paper traces three decades of temporary entry provisions in international trade agreements signed by the USA and Canada, beginning with their bilateral Canada–US Free Trade Agreement and culminating in the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). Findings The paper finds that while many countries have continued to liberalize their temporary entry commitments in various trade agreements, the USA has reversed course in the previous decade, hampering international progress. Meanwhile, Canada has pursued ever greater labour mobility provisions with most of its trading partners. Practical implications The unique roles played by the USA, Canada and other trading partners in advancing a coherent international labour mobility agenda are considered. To continue to advance labour mobility in trade agreements moving forward, policy alternatives to the “all” or “nothing” approaches pursued by Canada and the USA are suggested. Originality/value To the author’s knowledge, this paper is the first to formally evaluate labour mobility in the TPP and the only paper to outline the evolution of temporary entry in the US vs Canadian trade agreements over three decades.
2
Engblom, Samuel, et Åsa Odin Ekman. « Expanding the Movement of Natural Persons Through Free Trade Agreements ? A Review of CETA, TPP and ChAFTA ». International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 35, Issue 2 (1 juin 2019) : 163–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2019009.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Researchers and international institutions have tried to solve a fundamental paradox in the politics of migration. While introducing stricter migration policy stands high on the agenda of many countries, demographic facts suggest that they will need to introduce more extensive labour immigration to avoid labour shortages. Meanwhile, attempts to introduce a legally binding international regime on labour mobility, most ambitiously through Mode 4 of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and as requested by developing countries, have had limited success. This article explores one of the political options for resolving this: regulating the movement of natural persons through free trade agreements. It examines three recently concluded free trade agreements (FTAs), the EU–Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), the China–Australia Free Trade Agreement (ChAFTA) and the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), in an attempt to answer two questions. First, do the signatories commit to more expansive possibilities for labour mobility than through the GATS? Second, what has the political reception of such measures been? While most of the signatories are willing to schedule more far-reaching commitments through FTAs than through the GATS, these commitments typically fall within the realm of existing work permit systems in domestic law. In addition, we find examples of political backlash in countries that have included somewhat more ambitious mobility provisions in FTAs, particularly in Australia. These FTAs may still play a role by improving mutual recognition of skills, and limiting the impact of national reforms to restrict labour migration. However, we conclude that FTAs appear to be neither a manifestly successful instrument for significantly liberalizing labour mobility, nor an evidently desirable one. We call for a more holistic approach that refrains from temporary labour mobility programmes to meet permanent demand for labour, with respect for migrant workers’ rights at its core.
3
Jurje, Flavia, et Sandra Lavenex. « Mobility Norms in Free Trade Agreements ». European Journal of East Asian Studies 17, no 1 (21 juin 2018) : 83–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700615-01701005.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Notwithstanding their traditional attachment to sovereignty, Southeast and East Asian countries have embraced a dynamic agenda of labour mobility liberalisation through trade agreements. This article assesses the free movement agenda within ASEAN from a multi-level perspective, comparing it to ASEAN countries’ corresponding commitments within the World Trade Organisation’s General Agreement on Trade in Services and Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) concluded as a group or individually with non-ASEAN countries. Contrary to other trade aspects it turns out that intra-regional commitments within ASEAN do not significantly exceed multilateral ones, and score below the level of liberalisation achieved in ASEAN+ and bilateral FTAs. This article interprets this discrepancy as a consequence of strong economic and labour market differences among ASEAN members as well as the lower sensitivity of allegedly technocratic FTAs for considerations of national sovereignty. The article concludes with the limits of this trade policy approach for migration governance and migrants’ rights.
4
Chanda, Rupa. « Mobility of Less-Skilled Workers under Bilateral Agreements : Lessons for the GATS ». Journal of World Trade 43, Issue 3 (1 juin 2009) : 479–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2009020.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Temporary cross-border movement of service providers is a form of trade in labour services. The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) provides a framework for liberalizing such trade flows. There has, however, been little progress in the GATS negotiations on movement of service providers or mode 4, especially with regard to low-skilled movement. This is in contrast to several bilateral arrangements that cover low-skilled labour mobility. This article outlines the desirable characteristics of selected bilateral labour agreements that facilitate the movement of low-skilled workers. It argues that the GATS mode 4 negotiations could draw upon these desirable features to improve market access commitments for less-skilled service providers while also addressing host country sensitivities. It outlines possible ways of incorporating these features into the GATS framework of commitments and limitations.
5
Viano, Emilio C. « AN AMERICAN DILEMMA : THE FLOW OF TRADE VERSUS THE FLOW OF PEOPLE IN NAFTA ». Denning Law Journal 22, no 1 (26 novembre 2012) : 87–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/dlj.v22i1.355.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) of 1994 aims at creating the legal, political, and business conditions for a freer circulation of goods, capitals and services in North America. However it gives scant attention to the mobility of workers. The basic premise of this paper is that globalisation of trade and the universal diffusion of human rights have evolved and progressed side by side, even though with difficulty and reluctantly, and that the regional liberalisation of trade must be deeply interwoven with issues related to socio-economic rights to be ultimately and durably successful. This paper’s major questions are: How does NAFTA address labour mobility? Does NAFTA neglect, oppose or support the free movement of people across its borders? Does the agreement deal with labour mobility in a clear and definite manner or does it ignore it and give it short shrift? Should NAFTA support the liberalisation of immigration within its area as a long term objective, as part of a deeper and broader regional integration, conditioned on considerable reforms by its Member States, especially Mexico’s legal system, and energy, tax and banking policies, among others? Is the free movement of people needed to be truly successful and provide economic security, survival and prosperity for its member countries in view of vastly changed economic and trade conditions since its inception? This paper first traces the history of the drafting of NAFTA. Then it examines what NAFTA means for labour mobility within the complex interaction between an economic colossus like the United States and a developing country like Mexico, also taking into account current migration trends. In this section, the paper also covers the liberalisation of the mobility of labour (albeit limited) brought about through administrative regulations. Interspersed with this there is a discussion of what should be a mutually reinforcing relationship between international free trade and social policy.
6
Kukucha, Christopher J. « Internal Trade Agreements in Canada : Progress, Complexity and Challenges ». Canadian Journal of Political Science 48, no 1 (mars 2015) : 195–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423915000232.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractDespite criticism of ongoing protectionism, this study argues that Canada's internal trade regime has evolved significantly since the implementation of the original Agreement on Internal Trade (AIT). This includes thirteen formal amendments to the AIT and numerous regional agreements in Western, Central, and Atlantic Canada. Borrowing from the liberal International Political Economy (IPE) literature it argues that existing regional agreements complement and offer a potential framework for broader internal trade reforms at the national level. Of these the New West Partnership Trade Agreement (NWPTA) offers a promising model for Canada's internal market, with revised rules and norms related to negative lists, labour mobility, procurement, and investment and dispute settlement. Ongoing efforts to remove barriers will also be linked to a strengthened Internal Trade Secretariat, confidence-building measures, increased transparency and further reform of technical language.
7
Bui Thi Ngoc, Lan, et Hang Tran Thuy. « The Hybrid Approach to the Free Flow of Skilled Labour in ASEAN : Analysis and Implications ». Legal Issues of Economic Integration 50, Issue 4 (1 novembre 2023) : 415–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/leie2023026.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The free flow of skilled labour, business persons, and talents (referred to as skilled labour) is considered as one of the elements contributing to the foundation of the Association of Southeast Asian Nation (ASEAN) Economic Community (AEC). The facilitation of ASEAN’s free flow of skilled labour is arguably unsuccessful because ASEAN members have preserved many constraints on the mobility of skilled workers. This research aims to analyse the hybrid approach to the free flow of skilled labour in ASEAN, which combines the liberalization of the movement of natural persons and qualification harmonization in accordance with the ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services (AFAS), ASEAN Trade in Services Agreement, ASEAN Agreement on Natural Persons, Mutual Recognition Arrangements (MRAs), and ASEAN Qualification Reference Framework). The authors conceptualize the hybrid approach to the free flow of skilled labour in ASEAN to more effectively implement the regional provisions on the free flow of skilled and analyse its appropriateness and limitations. The research concludes that, for the long-term goal of upgrading the skills of ASEAN’s workforce, the hybrid approach is appropriate to ASEAN’s regional labour integration, under the principle of non-interference and the status of shortage of skilled labour. The authors propose several implications for ASEAN’s Member States to take advantage of the hybrid approach, maximize opportunities and reduce impediments from the impacts of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the ‘job polarization’ phenomenon. Free flow of skilled labour, ASEAN, hybrid approach, brain circulation, job polarization, MNP, MRA, AQRF
8
Jestrab, Ross. « The effects of domestic labour mobility on trade agreements : Empirical evidence ». World Economy 44, no 8 (5 février 2021) : 2238–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/twec.13101.
Texte intégral
9
Weber, Eberhard. « Trade agreements, labour mobility and climate change in the Pacific Islands ». Regional Environmental Change 17, no 4 (15 septembre 2016) : 1089–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-016-1047-7.
Texte intégral
10
Lutsenko, O. « Legal regulation of employee internship as a manifestation of labour mobility ». Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series : Law 1, no 74 (31 janvier 2023) : 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.74.31.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the article, the author proves that an internship can manifest an employee’s labour mobility when it is carried out within the framework of employment relations as a qualification improvement, additional activity, and flexibility of the employee in professional development and growth. Internship of employees is carried out with the aim of gaining practical experience of the person in the performance of production tasks and duties at the workplace at the enterprise after theoretical preparation before starting independent work under the direct supervision of an experienced employee. The internship is also one of the components of high-risk employment, and can also be the basis for obtaining a permit (certificate, license, etc.) to carry out a certaintype of professional activity.
The article establishes that a special legal mechanism for internships is provided for employees of certain categories, for example, for civil servants, academic staff and pedagogical employees, etc.
It was determined that the purpose of the internship is for a person to gain practical experience in performing tasks and duties at the workplace before starting independent work under the direct supervision of an experienced specialist or already in the process of working with the aim of expanding the list of professional competencies, i.e. as a manifestation of the employee’s labour mobility.
In the article, the author argues that the condition of an employee’s internship should be specified in the employment contract. And therefore, this would mean that this condition would be an additional condition of the employment contract, and after its conclusion, it would, accordingly, become mandatory for the parties to perform. And as a result, the relationship that arose during the fulfilment of this condition is labour, and the contract would not be recognized as a contract for the provision of services.
If the internship condition did not arise during the conclusion of the employment contract, but later, in such a case, we believe that an additional agreement should be concluded to the employment contract, in which the internship condition should be prescribed. If internships were to be regulated in this way, then, firstly, it would guarantee labour mobility for employees, secondly, the relations that arose during such an internship would be regulated exclusively by the norms of labour law, and accordingly, responsibility would follow under the labour legislation. thirdly, it would protect employers from non-fulfilment of the conditions for completing an internship and working for a certain period of time at this particular employer who paid for the internship.
11
Sosnow, Clifford R., Sean Stephenson et Peter Kirby. « The Canada-European Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement and the Mining Sector : Key Issues and Opportunities ». Global Trade and Customs Journal 9, Issue 6 (1 juin 2014) : 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2014028.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) between Canada and the EU has the potential to be a generational 'game changer'. This potential is particularly robust for the mining sector. CETA will reduce tariffs on all mining commodities to zero, allow greater trans-Atlantic labour mobility, and access to capital and investments critical to capital intensive mining projects. Changes will not be immediate; however if CETA fulfils its potential, the benefits for Canadian and European mining companies could be considerable. While technical aspects of CETA continue to be negotiated and finalized, this article highlights publically available information at the time of writing on CETA's chapters on goods, services, investment, and the environment and how they apply to the mining sector.
12
Moreno-Brid, Juan Carlos, Joaquín Sánchez Gómez et Luis Ángel Monroy Gómez Franco. « Mexico’s latest –and probably last– package of market reforms (2012- 18) : The remains of the day ». Cuadernos de Economía 39, no 80 (1 juin 2020) : 425–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/cuad.econ.v39n80.84746.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Pact for Mexico signed in 2012 identified 108 policy actions to be implemented during the government of Enrique Peña Nieto. The signing of this agreement was the prelude to a new wave of market reforms. This article summarizes a previous document in which we analysed each reform implemented in several areas: labour, education, fiscal, financial, economic competition, telecommunications, and energy. This paper affirms and insists on the need to launch a new development agenda that promotes sustained growth, with the main focus being to reduce inequality and promote social mobility.
13
Spengel, Christoph, Jost H. Heckemeyer, Leonie Fischer et Daniela Steinbrenner. « Tax Policies in a Transition to a Knowledge-Based Economy : The Effective Tax Burden of Companies and Highly Skilled Labour ». Intertax 50, Issue 4 (1 avril 2022) : 286–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2022036.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Globalization and the fast-approaching digitalization increase capital and labour mobility which fosters tax competition among countries worldwide. Based on a unique dataset, the authors have analysed the development of effective tax burdens on corporations and highly skilled labour for 26 countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) over the last decade. The synthesis of both indicators allows to identify tax strategies of the considered countries and further elaborate on the scope of future tax competition in the context of current developments. Overall, the authors ascertain a declining trend in effective tax burdens on corporate investments whereas increases in the top statutory tax rates for high-income earners and a rather constant average effective tax burden on labour for a disposable income of EUR 100,000 are observed. Current developments such as the agreement on a global minimum tax or the transition to a knowledge-based economy can establish a new lower bound to tax competition on corporate investments and might shift its focus. Effective tax rates, tax competition, location attractiveness, corporate location decision, devereux/Griffith methodology, human resource tax analyser.
14
Rass, Christoph. « Temporary Labour Migration and State-Run Recruitment of Foreign Workers in Europe, 1919–1975 : A New Migration Regime ? » International Review of Social History 57, S20 (29 août 2012) : 191–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859012000466.
Texte intégralRésumé :
SummaryTemporary labour migration was one of the characteristic phenomena of human mobility in Europe during the twentieth century. The predominant answer in several European countries to the growing economic demand for an external labour supply on the one hand, and political demands to limit the numbers of foreign workers and to protect the native workforce from the competition of “cheap” migrant labour on the other, was a growing direct and active involvement of the nation state in regulatory efforts and recruitment operations abroad. Besides bureaucratic organizations on a national level, bilateral recruitment agreements – starting in their modern form in 1919 – became the most important tool to regulate labour migration between two countries. This article takes a look at the evolving system of bilaterally fixed migration relations in Europe and its implications for sending and receiving countries as well as for the labour migrants involved. It argues that the network of bilateral recruitment agreements provided controlled and selective migration channels in Europe between the 1950s and 1970s. These agreements installed and protected certain minimum standards to migrants and led to a general improvement of the rights and conditions offered to temporary labour migrants in Europe.
15
Chugaiev, O. А., et D. O. Andriunina. « STRATEGIES FOR UKRAINE’S ADAPTATION TO THE FREE MOVEMENT FOR WORKERS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION : ANALYSIS AND PROSPECTS ». Actual Problems of International Relations, no 158 (2024) : 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2024.158.1.85-96.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article considers the problems related to the access of Ukrainian workers to the labour market in the context of Ukraine’s accession to the EU. The authors identify potential risks and issues that may arise during the negotiation process, including concerns about labour market competition, the impact of migration on domestic employment, and the need to harmonize labour laws and standards. It is also emphasized on the importance of addressing these issues in a proactive and strategic manner to ensure that Ukrainian workers can fully enjoy the benefits of EU membership. The paper argues that this can be achieved through measures such as the establishment of transitional measures, the implementation of targeted policies to support labour market integration and the adoption of mutually beneficial agreements on labour mobility.
16
Dowlah, Caf. « Cross-border labor mobility ». Journal of International Trade Law and Policy 13, no 1 (11 mars 2014) : 2–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jitlp-12-2012-0020.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to examine convergence of economic interests – both empirically and theoretically – among labor-abundant (labor-sending) and labor scarce (labor receiving) countries, in the context of Mode 4 of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) of the WTO. The paper also explores regional trade associations as an interim alternative forum for promoting temporary cross-border labor mobility in the backdrop of failure of multilateral trade negotiations under the Doha Round. Design/methodology/approach – The research methodology of the paper involves literature review, an analysis of databases and theoretical findings, and a critical examination of pertinent empirical and secondary information on the subject matter. Findings – The findings reveal that although a convergence of economic interests seem to exist between the labor-sending and receiving countries for promoting cross-border labor mobility, this sector faces formidable trade and non-trade barriers across the world, especially in the developed countries. As multilateral trade negotiations under the Doha Round have failed to make any progress toward liberalization of this sector, regional trade associations, especially those pursued by the USA, Canada and Australia, seem to provide a credible alternative vehicle, as an interim measure, for further liberalization of this sector. These RTAs can serve as examples for other RTAs to promote regional mobility of labor. Research limitations/implications – Cross-border temporary labor mobility, as envisaged by GATs of the WTO, is a burgeoning field. Although some serious works are available, especially sponsored by the World Bank and some leading universities, there is a considerable dearth in this field, especially in respect to contribution from individual scholars and researchers. This paper fills the void to some extent by ascertaining factors and forces that help or hinder cross-border mobility, by pointing out limitations of multilateral trade negotiations under the WTO, and by exploring the regional trade associations as an interim measure for promoting cross-border labor mobility. Practical implications – This paper points out factors and forces that help or hinder cross-border mobility, ascertains crucial limitations of multilateral trade negotiations under the WTO, and explores the RTAs as an interim measure for promoting cross-border labor mobility – all these would have practical policy implications. Originality/value – The originality of the paper lies with its critical and careful review of existing literature and available databases, with the determination of factors and forces that help or hinder cross-border mobility in the contemporary world, in pointing out the limitations of multilateral trade negotiations under the WTO, and in exploring the RTAs as an interim measure for promoting cross-border labor mobility.
17
Trampusch, Christine. « Social partners’ policy reactions to migration in occupational labour markets : The case of the Swiss construction industry ». European Journal of Industrial Relations 26, no 2 (5 avril 2019) : 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959680119840574.
Texte intégralRésumé :
There has been extensive research into policy reactions to migration with regard to wages and labour conditions, but not vocational training. I show that employers’ associations and unions in the Swiss construction industry have reacted to increasing mobility by protecting existing occupational labour markets through policies regulating the entry to these. The multi-layered structure of employers’ associations, trade unions and collective agreements along occupational and territorial lines explains the high level of collective occupational protectionism in this industry. The Swiss case thereby presents a particularly interesting and controversial example of regulation of free movement of workers in Europe.
18
Mills, Suzanne. « The geography of skill : Mobility and exclusionary unionism in Canada’s north ». Environment and Planning A : Economy and Space 51, no 3 (30 septembre 2018) : 724–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x18801025.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper explores the spatial politics of racism and inter-worker competition through a case study of Indigenous employment during the construction of the Voisey’s Bay mine in northern Labrador. Over the course of construction, the building and construction trades unions (BCTUs) sought to restrict the hiring of local Inuit and Innu workers by challenging the legitimacy of place-based entitlements to work. Inuit and Innu workers had preferential access to employment as a result of unresolved land claims and the ensuing Impact and Benefit Agreements (IBA) between the Voisey’s Bay Nickel Company and both the Innu Nation and the Labrador Inuit Association. IBA provisions that local Inuit and Innu be hired preferentially ran counter to the unions’ organizational structures and cultures, which privileged worker mobility and skill. The BCTUs used the geographic incompatibility between the scale of Indigenous claims and that of construction worker organization to justify a competitive approach to unionism and to veil racist portrayals of Innu and Inuit workers. By drawing out the relation between skill, racism and beliefs about entitlements to work, this paper explores how workers selectively use place-based and mobile identities to participate in inter-worker competition, reifying colonial patterns of labour mobility and labour market segmentation.
19
Fudge, Judy. « Migration and Sustainable Development in the EU : A Case Study of the Seasonal Workers Directive ». International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 31, Issue 3 (1 septembre 2015) : 331–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2015018.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Most discussions of the EU’s development agenda that emphasize the social dimension of globalization in general or labour rights and standards in particular tend to focus on either trade agreements or aid. However, in 1999, the EU explicitly linked migration to its development objectives, and in 2011, the European Commission launched the Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM), which lists ‘maximizing the development impact of migration and mobility’ as one of its four pillars. A distinctive feature of the GAMM’s approach is that migrants are placed at the centre and their human rights are to be mainstreamed throughout the migration cycle. To what extent is the GAMM’s commitment to migrants’ rights being put into practice? How does the GAMM’s emphasis on migrants’ rights impact upon development? Using the recently adopted Seasonal Workers Directive as my focus, I will attempt to address these questions. First, I will examine the extent to which the Directive protects migrant workers’ human rights and ensures that they have access to meaningful labour standards. Second, I will explore the extent to which the Directive facilitates circular migration, which is seen as a key component of development-oriented migration. Third, I will consider the relationship between this Directive and Mobility Partnerships, which are the EU’s key instruments for linking migration to development, when it comes to migrant workers’ rights and circular migration.
20
G. Tijdens, Kea, Esther De Ruijter et Judith De Ruijter. « Comparing tasks of 160 occupations across eight European countries ». Employee Relations 36, no 2 (20 décembre 2013) : 110–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-05-2013-0046.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose – Do similar job titles refer to the same work activities, as assumed often, but hardly empirically tested? The purpose of this paper is to analyze the similarity of 160 occupations within and across eight European countries using interrater agreement statistics (rWG). Design/methodology/approach – Using a multilingual web survey, experts and jobholders in the eight countries rated the frequency of ten tasks per occupation they had knowledge of (n=4,197 ratings). Three hypotheses are investigated: first, interrater agreements of occupations are similar regardless the country; second, interrater agreements of occupations are similar within countries; and third, experts and jobholders are similar in their ratings. Findings – Half of the occupations reveal no agreement across ratings, one-third shows a weak/moderate agreement and one in ten shows a strong agreement. H1 is rejected for task frequency but not for task importance. Within-country similarity of occupations is larger than across-country similarity. H2 is supported for two countries and rejected for two other countries. H3 is not supported. Jobholders demonstrate higher agreement than experts. Research limitations/implications – An empirical testing of occupation-specific tasks for a wide range of occupations across Europe seems a viable approach. Practical implications – The paper contributes to the challenges related to labor market mobility across borders. Originality/value – Work tasks for a wide range of occupations and countries, using job-specific work activities in combination with web surveys and the internet for recruitment of jobholders, have not been used before.
21
Losheniuk, Oksana. « The concept of regulation of international labour migration in Ukraine ». Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no 3(85) (8 août 2017) : 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2017.03.064.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article deals with challenges and opportunities for international labour migration in Ukraine. It is stressed that the approach to regulation of international labour migration should be comprehensive and should encompass a whole range of factors influencing migration flows, which will ensure making appropriate economic and social changes. The present concept of regulation of international labour migration in Ukraine is analyzed and the need for its improvement is discussed. The priority goals of the Concept of State Migration Policy in Ukraine are highlighted. It is stated that state migration policy is carried out in both emigration and immigration. Some of the key factors of immigration and emigration are identified. It is proved that migration policy in Ukraine is being shaped towards the European Union, which envisages a mutually beneficial redistribution of human resources over the countries. The paper claims, that achieving the quality of life as high as in the EU countries is a key demand for the integration into the European Union. It is emphasized that the existing legislation on migration has some weak points related to developing and fulfilling human potential of migrants. A range of measures to regulate international labour migration is introduced. Based on the research findings, the following actions are proposed to meet the aims of regulation of international labour migration in Ukraine: reduction of emigration from Ukraine by improving its socio-economic status; training and retraining of potential emigrants tailored to the specific characteristics of labor market growth in the country; stimulation of internal mobility aimed at the reduction of emigration; regulation of external employment of Ukrainian citizens; creation of conditions for attracting and efficient using of migrants’ money transfers; using transnational connections of migrants; halting the employment of national human resources; stimulation of immigration attractiveness for certain professional; halting illegal and undesirable migration; regulation of immigrants in Ukraine; legalization of illegal present immigrants; signing bilateral agreements between countries on return migration; stimulating re-emigration; protection of the rights and interests of labour migrants in Ukraine and abroad.
22
Hagen, Inger Marie, et Sissel Charlotte Trygstad. « Local flexicurity : resolving the conflict between direct and representative participation ». Transfer : European Review of Labour and Research 15, no 3-4 (août 2009) : 557–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10242589090150031901.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Norway is often praised for its flexible workforce and flexible workers, which contribute to the adaptive capacity and competitiveness of the economy. At national level, the interplay between strong welfare arrangements, active labour market policies and generous protection in the event of lay-offs also contributes to labour mobility: being laid off does not entail personal catastrophe, as unemployment benefits are universal and generous, and access to new employment is likely to come quickly, due to an active employment and labour market policy. At company level, flexible employees are characterised by their ability and willingness to combine different tasks, take on new responsibilities and use their skills in the best interests of the company. At the same time, laws and agreements secure employees against arbitrary and unfair treatment from management and colleagues. What sort of mechanisms provide for this combination of security and flexibility at company level? We argue that this security and flexibility can be attributed to the manner in which representative and individual participation interact at company level in Norway. We call it ‘local flexicurity’.
23
Hoogenboom, Alexander. « Turkish Nationals and the Right to Study in the European Union : A Progressive Interpretation ». European Journal of Migration and Law 15, no 4 (2013) : 387–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718166-00002042.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract This contribution has as its main aim to analyse the rights that a Turkish national can derive from EU law, and in particular the Ankara Agreement acquis, with a view to engage in a course of study in one of the Member States of the European Union. In that regard, it is argued that a progressive interpretation of the applicable legal regime supportive of free movement of students is both necessary and warranted as (greater) student mobility may contribute to a closer relationship between the peoples of the (Member States of the) EU and Turkey as well as the realisation of mutual economic benefits. Coupled with the fact that the Ankara acquis allows for broad room of interpretation, this point of departure is used as a springboard and justification for reading an extensive set of rights into the acquis, including a right of entry and residence for study purposes, equal treatment with host Member States as regards access to education and under certain circumstances rights of access to the labour market and/or equal treatment as regards study grants.
24
Bruce, Don, Jon C. Rork et Gary Wagner. « State income tax reciprocity agreements and small businesses ». Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 3, no 1 (14 avril 2014) : 118–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jepp-07-2012-0037.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose – Small businesses play a vital role in job creation and economic growth, and previous studies have noted that higher state tax rates may reduce entrepreneurial activity, growth, and hiring. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, the authors use a 1989-2005 panel of state-level data to explore the effects of state income tax reciprocity agreements on several measures of small business activity. Since a reciprocity agreement exempts non-resident income from a state's personal income tax base, it has the potential to reduce barriers to entrepreneurial activity and lower tax compliance costs. Findings – The results indicate that reciprocity agreements appear to have reduced the tax-rate sensitivity of entrepreneurial activity, which may lead to more small business and entrepreneurial activity in states with more active agreements, other factors constant. This suggests that personal income tax reciprocity agreements may be a credible policy tool to expand small business activity. Originality/value – In this study, the paper sets out to determine if small business and entrepreneurial activity is greater in states that have reciprocity agreements and if such activity is dependent on the number of active agreements in place. Given recent nationwide efforts to ease compliance costs for business through other initiatives such as the Telecommuter Tax Fairness Act and the Streamlined Sales Tax Agreement, this study is the first to quantify how decreasing tax compliance and eliminating barriers to labor mobility affects small business activity. The results therefore have the potential to help shape debates in many states today.
25
Palmer, Robin. « Working Conditions and Worker Responses on Nyasaland Tea Estates, 1930–1953 ». Journal of African History 27, no 1 (mars 1986) : 105–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700029224.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The tea industry of southern Nyasaland employed intermittently a heterogeneous labour force of some twenty to thirty thousand and paid workers minimum wages of 7s. in 1930, rising to between 17s. 6d. and 20s. in 1953. A complex wage structure offered different rates to hoers, pluckers, factory workers and clerks. Thousands of children, butvirtually no women, were employed. Wages and working conditions were acknowledged to be unattractive, even by the industry itself, and compared favourably only with those offered in Portuguese East Africa. The initial viability of the plantation sector in the Shire Highlands was made possible by the immigration of hundreds of thousands of Lomwe from Portuguese East Africa. Lomwe workers, who sought assimilation and upward mobility, have been depicted as virtual slaves of the planters, but there is evidence of effective local, day-to-day and passive resistance on their part which left planters feeling impotent, unable to turn labour out on Sundays or in the rains or enforce unpopular thangata (labour rent) agreements, and obliged to reduce the daily tasks demanded of the worker. Confronted with an increasingly severe shortage of labour, which caused millions of pounds of tea to remain unpicked, planters began to improve working conditions on their estates, but this failed to resolve their labour problem or to dampen post-war militancy. Irresponsible actions by the British Central Africa Company increased tensions in Cholo which culminated in the serious riots of 1953 in which eleven people were killed. Government responded to this growing rural radicalism by repurchasing half of the million acres of freehold estate land which had initially been ‘bought’ from chiefs prior to the colonial occupation.
26
Traversa, Enrico. « The Consequences of European Monetary Union on Collective Bargaining and the National Social Security Systems ». International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 16, Issue 1 (1 mars 2000) : 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/260938.
Texte intégralRésumé :
There is no indication that the European Monetary Union (EMU) will increase labour mobility within the euro area. Even if the social partners are still responsible for collective agreements on wages at national level, the introduction of a single currency has already compelled trade unions to coordinate national wage policies and will increasingly continue to do so. In certain Member States compliance with the convergence criteria for admission to monetary union entailed measures aimed at cutting excessive budget deficits. It was just as inevitable that such restructuring of public finances would have repercussions on the development of social costs, owing to their high proportion in relation to total budgetary expenditure in the Member States.
27
Frankenstein, Susan, Maria Stevens et Constance Scott. « Ingestion of Simulated SMAP L3 Soil Moisture Data into Military Maneuver Planning ». Journal of Hydrometeorology 16, no 1 (1 février 2015) : 427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-14-0032.1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract This paper uses simulated SMAP level-3 (L3) soil moisture data to calculate soil strength directly and compares the results against the current Noah Land Information System–based climatology approach. Based on the availability of data, three sites were chosen for the study: Cheorwon, South Korea; Laboue, Lebanon; and Asham, Nigeria. The simulated SMAP satellite data are representative of May conditions. For all three regions, this is best represented by the “average” soil moisture used in the current climatology approach. The cumulative distribution frequency of the two soil moisture sources indicates good agreement at Asham, Nigeria; mixed agreement at Cheorwon, South Korea; and no agreement at Laboue, Lebanon. Soil strengths and resulting vehicle speeds for a High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV) M1097 were calculated based on the Harmonized World Soil Database soil types used by the two soil moisture sources, as well as with a finer-resolution National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency product. Better agreement was found in soil strengths using the finer-resolution soil product. Finally, fairly large differences in soil moisture become muted in the speed calculations even when all factors except soil strength, slope, and vehicle performance are neglected. It is expected that the 0.04 volumetric uncertainty in the final SMAP L3 soil moisture product will have the greatest effect at low vehicle speeds. Field measurements of soil moisture and strength as well as soil type are needed to verify the results.
28
PEETERS, HANS, ANNELIES DEBELS, GERT VERSCHRAEGEN et JOS BERGHMAN. « Flexicurity in Bismarckian Countries ? Old Age Protection for Non-standard Workers in Belgium ». Journal of Social Policy 37, no 1 (3 décembre 2007) : 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279407001523.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the debate on ‘flexicurity’, relatively little attention has been paid to how responsive traditional areas of social security have been to increasing flexibility in the labour market. This article tries to fill this gap by focusing on the Belgian pension system. In particular, it asks to what extent pension regulation in the three pillars has been adapted to the proliferation of atypical forms of employment. It does so by examining whether there are significant differences between old age protection of standard and non-standard workers. The article pursues a double research strategy: an analysis of Belgian legislation and relevant collective labour agreements is complemented with a statistical analysis of the Panel Study of Belgian Households (PSBH). The results show that part-time employment results in a lower first-pillar pension, while other forms of temporal flexibility such as career interruptions and temporary unemployment do not. In the second pillar, our findings suggest that workers with contractual flexibility and job mobility are discriminated against. Finally, non-standard workers do not appear to compensate for lower pension protection through increased participation in the third pension pillar. Our findings suggest the need for a re-assessment of the system of ‘assimilated’ periods. To conclude, we point to some implications for the design of flexicurity policies.
29
Garcia-Esteban, Soraya, et Stefan Jahnke. « Skills in European higher education mobility programmes : outlining a conceptual framework ». Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning 10, no 3 (6 mars 2020) : 519–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/heswbl-09-2019-0111.
Texte intégralRésumé :
PurposeCredit mobility has been acknowledged not only to broaden personal and intellectual horizons but also to have positive effects on the skills development and employability of undergraduate students. Academics, policymakers and organizations representing the labour market have presented a broad number of skills-related explorations proposing different frameworks to help develop students' skills. However, the identification of explicit skills is still a difficult endeavour. This study aims to revise main conceptual skills frameworks applicable in the European higher education area (EHEA), determine the skills relevant in European credit mobility and categorize skills among the examined schemes in order to create a normative model of the skills students should obtain in exchange programmes.Design/methodology/approachThe approach used to identify related literature was a search in three main databases such as Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar for scientific and relevant articles after 1990 using the following combination of keywords: “skill frameworks” AND “higher education” OR “skill frameworks” AND “mobility exchange programs”. It produced 391 articles but only 32 deal with skill frameworks in European higher education. After the review of these existing literature (summaries, tables and conclusions), we found out that most articles focused on specific skills (transferable, employable, etc.) in the EHEA, but merely 16 academic publications offered a complete depiction of skills frameworks applicable in credit mobility programs. Most current accounts about skills outlines, specifically the ones related to employability, come from grey literature, namely comprehensive records and reports.FindingsData seem to confirm that there is scarce agreement on a common taxonomy of skills. However, considering the results, which summarize relevant educational, institutional and occupational perspectives, it can be noticed that there is consensus on the classification of only four skills: ICT, literacy and numeracy, which are considered basic, key or core skills in most researched papers together with problem solving, which is generally regarded as a cognitive skill. The general tendency is that policymakers and academia focus on some particular domains: basic/key, core/global foundation/fundamental skills, transferable, transversal and other skills. Studies analysing the workforce skill requirements have projected mainly cognitive and learning skills, whereas mobility programmes concede relevance to employability, management, career and life skills.Research limitations/implicationsMeasuring skills involves limitations as records vary depending on continuous emerging data from institutions, occupations and education. The key frameworks surveyed have provided a representative classification and depiction of the current skills from specific perspectives which are also believed to have their shortcomings. In combination, however, it is believed that the results presented can help provide a theoretical basis for assessing skills in credit mobility and Erasmus programmes within the EHEA. The resulting framework presents a founded basis for skills appraisal which expects to be meaningful for various stakeholders and helps determine how mobility policies can help improve the attainment of skills in the EHEA.Practical implicationsResearch has suggested that education systems will have to adapt to the changing needs of the labour markets' reshaping roles to balance technology and human intellect. The workforce seems to realize that cognitive skills such as problem solving, organization and decision-making are needed in today's society; advanced basic learning skills such as numeracy and literacy are essential. Findings appoint to new areas for exploration in skills development in order to prepare European higher education students for current trends in the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the fusion between digital, physical and biological spheres.Social implicationsData seem to confirm that a sole degree does not guarantee success, but the maturity of certain skills and the commitment to lifelong learning. This can be strengthened by taking part in EHEA credit student mobility that has proved to improve not only basic and linguistic skills but also self-development and respect for several aspects such as diversity and (inter)cultural awareness. Taking into account the perceptive and interpersonal abilities mentioned in reports on future skills, it seems that education will need further support for updated teaching practices and assessment of the skills that are expected to have greater demand, namely STEM. Institutions will need to update and promote the teaching of new skills based on a new collective and moral consciousness as recently indicated in OECD's (2018) Global Competence in order to make future citizens understand and act on issues of universal significance in today's interconnected world.Originality/valueFor several decades, government, education and industry have proposed different outlines for what graduates should know and be able to do. Limited academic studies have been found, however, with updated concrete data on which skills should preferably be developed or whether and how students can further improve these skills as part of EHEA credit student mobility. This study has synthesized works and identified domains which featured the importance of generic core, cognitive and employability skills. The revision of skill frameworks has underscored existing literature and reports on future skills which anticipate that, in order to confront the expanding and prevalent role of technology, graduates will need to focus on developing unique human skills such as effective communication and creative innovation, critical thinking and collective ethical values.
30
Karunaratne, Thashmee, et Efstratios Kontopoulos. « Supporting Learning Mobility with Student Data Harmonisation - A European Perspective ». European Conference on e-Learning 21, no 1 (21 octobre 2022) : 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/ecel.21.1.908.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Digitalisation promotes online education, internationalisation and student mobility. Based on the Bologna process and the European higher education area, learning mobility has been successful under Erasmus and other similar initiatives. However, a key issue for students and universities is that a significant amount of time is spent on the manual labour involved in the process of applying to degree programs overseas. It is therefore essential for higher education institutions to better exploit the potential of technology and Web 2.0 to enable a secure exchange of evidence during application for degree programs and academic courses in foreign Higher Education Institutions, as well as applying for study grants and obtaining recognition for academic and other types of studies. Harmonisation of the student data is a key initial step for enabling such exchange. In this study, an approach to a secured exchange of education evidence is instrumented under the H2020 project Digital Europe for All (DE4A). Existing semantic standards for Web 2.0 applications, core vocabularies for public service data and semantic assets from existing best practices such as W3C, ISA2 core vocabularies, and Europass data model are used to curate data models that allow the exchange of a higher education diploma, secondary education diploma and information of special needs (disability, large family), which is required by students when requesting study grants (waive of tuition fees). The semantic interoperability agreements are established cross-border through these data models called canonical evidences. The canonical evidences are tested with the national data services of three countries, Portugal, Slovenia, and Spain. The final data models are implemented in XML Schema format that could be used by any educational organisation intending to use trusted public service databases within Europe to automatically retrieve information on students’ degrees. The validity of the canonical evidences is tested on two pilot occasions within the DE4A project. The outcome of this study summarises the procedural requirements for evidences when applying for a higher degree program and seeking grants. Furthermore, it resulted in verified canonical evidence data models that fulfil the procedural requirements for applying for studying abroad.
31
Merło, Paweł, Radosław Kułak et Zbigniew Warzocha. « ASEAN as an Optimal/Nonoptimal Currency Area ». Olsztyn Economic Journal 16, no 1 (30 novembre 2021) : 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/oej.7311.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Economists have been arguing to this day about the benefits and risks of introducing a community currency. It is very difficult to clearly determine which side is right. Most often, scientists refer to the example of the so-called Eurozone, but it is still far from reaching an agreement between supporters and opponents of such a solution. This paper presents the issues of monetary integration in ASEAN+3 (i.e. ASEAN member countries, China, South Korea, and Japan) in terms of the optimal currency area and other necessary conditions for the creation of a sustainable development region. The researchers argue about whether ASEAN+3 should introduce a single currency. Some suggest that the group meets several OCA theory criteria, i.e. labour mobility and economic openness. According to the results of the study, ASEAN+3 is an economically diverse area and there is a lack of institutions enabling effective monetary integration in the short term. Optimization assumptions included in the analysis determine the real chances of development and survival within the currency area. The author's analysis has indicated that ASEAN+3 should not introduce a single currency for three reasons: failure to meet the optimization criteria, diversification of socio-economic development, lack of an institutional framework and inconsistency in the perception of monetary integration. On the other hand, it should be noted that a single currency could contribute to increasing the monetary security of the entire South-East Asian region, which means that the monetary integration may be a long-term idea.
32
Desiatov, Tymofiy. « Professionalisation as a Modern Global Tendency in the Development of Higher Pedagogical Education in Foreign Countries and Ukraine ». Comparative Professional Pedagogy 4, no 2 (1 juin 2014) : 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rpp-2014-0013.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract The paper deals with the professionalisation of higher pedagogical education as a modern global tendency that places new demands on the quality of education, direction and level of training. It has been noted that the modernization of European education appeared legitimate, since geographical and socio-economic transformations have led to the increase of European citizens’ mobility. The need for the European labor market’s correspondence with international standards of qualification, recognition of diplomas and standardization of education has been thoroughly justified. It has been stressed that the main purpose of the Bologna reforms is to harmonize European educational architecture through the elaboration of common descriptors and quality standards. It has been noted that the increasing demands of the labor market, rapid technological change, globalization, the rise of academic and labor mobility require the use of the competency approach to the formation of would be teachers to improve their professional level, which is a prerequisite and a priority in modernization of higher pedagogical education in Ukraine. The thesis that defines professionalisation as a modern global tendency in the development of higher education has been confirmed. The role of the Bologna agreement in the development of higher education in the EU and Ukraine in the context of implementing a two-stage education, since it deals with a flexible choice of higher educational qualifications and complete upgrade of training programs, as well as strengthening its professional component, has been stressed. The attention has been drawn to the fact that the predominance of bachelor and specialist levels in Ukrainian higher education prevents the effective operation of the master’s degree education.
33
Rivadeneira, W. Merino. « Agreement Against Cancer : A Citizen Proposal to Fight Cancer and Influence in Public Policies ». Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (1 octobre 2018) : 164s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.40900.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background and context: The Constitution of Ecuador provides the right to free and specialized attention. The state has fallen short due various reasons: limited political support, weak infrastructure and limited resources, inadequate cancer information system, lack of integration and coordination of efforts to control the disease, scarce research, lack of monitoring and evaluation of interventions and social inequity. Agreement Against Cancer was born aiming to improve disease control and priority attention with a comprehensive approach: health promotion and prevention, early detection, adequate treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care: it adheres 18 organizations who have worked in the promotion and defense of the rights of cancer patients. Aim: Raise the national debate around cancer and influence in public policies to combat this catastrophic disease. Strategy/Tactics: 1) Social mobilization to awaken interest in the disease: 2) Proposal of a bill to fight cancer and include the issue in the public agenda Program/Policy process: Acc decided to act on 3 axis: Social: strategy to fight cancer was established: 1. Creation of National Cancer Control Council 2. Investigation 3. Prevention 4. Integral attention: timely diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation, palliative care, access to blood products, emotional health 5. Education 6. Labor security 7. Mobility: transparent, prehospital care, hostels and home 8. Family surroundings 9. Infrastructure 10. Economic fund Communication: This proposal was taken to the 8 presidential candidates in 2017. Emphasis was placed on digital communication. A public relations campaign mobilized the media, stakeholders and opinion makers. The problem was risen at a national level and citizens demanded a response from the authorities, private company and other actors in society. However, this social demand needed a channel to introduce it to the government´s agenda. Political: it was decided the construction of a bill, that required the submission of citizen signatures to reach the National Assembly. A campaign was launched to collect a minimum of 35,000. Outcomes: • Approximately 150,000 citizens signed; more than 5000 volunteers mobilized. • Concert for Life, participation of more than 10,000 people. • Support of 8 presidential candidates. • Bill proposed to the National Assembly. Validation of 111,157 signatures. The bill meets all the requirements necessary by the law and is awaiting its analysis. What was learned: 1. Cancer management from the legal, political and social point of view. 2. Reality of cancer patients. 3. Collaborative network. 4. Public–private articulation to promote citizen initiatives. 5. Social mobilization supported by new technologies. 6. Use of volunteers and training. 7. Citizen participation mechanisms and their empowerment. 8. Structuring process of a bill.
34
Islam Khondaker, M. Shahidul, et Azharudin Dali. « Exploring the Nexus : A Study of Malaysia-Bangladesh Relations in the Context of Migrant Workes, 1980-2022 ». Malaysian Journal of History, Politics & ; Strategic Studies 51, no 2 (28 juin 2024) : 218–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jebat.2024.5102.05.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article examines the genesis of the migrant workers-based relationships between Malaysia and Bangladesh that commenced in the 1980s and persists to recent days, particularly up to 2022. It provides a delineation of migration-related issues including the establishment of reciprocal relations, the commencement of labour migration to Malaysia, associate expenses, wages and remittance flow and the legitimacy of the worker’s mobility. The research further uncovers the socio-cultural constraints faced by Bangladeshi workers in Malaysia. The enduring connection between Malaysia and Bangladesh dates back to the ancient period characterised by a responsive interplay. Migrant worker issues have emerged as a pivotal aspect of their bilateral ties and were symptomatic with a new bilateral buildout with exercising diplomatic promptness after Bangladesh became an independent country. Employing the historiographic approach as a method, this study synthesises primary and secondary sources such as occasional reports, agreements, newspapers, books and articles. The findings present an empirical account and factual illustration of the reciprocal relationships and their constraints concerning the migration process, financial transactions and legalities of movement. The insights derived from this research would be the source for the policymakers and diplomats enabling them to reshape strategies in light of these perspectives. Additionally, this research paves the way for further studies by addressing gaps in the existing literature on Malaysia-Bangladesh relations.
35
Osadchaya, G. I., et T. N. Yudina. « Higher education in the Eurasian Economic Union : Potential and problems of cooperation ». RUDN Journal of Sociology 24, no 1 (15 mars 2024) : 140–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2024-24-1-140-154.
Texte intégralRésumé :
To solve the integration tasks of forming a common labor market, interpenetration of values and ideas, ensuring mutual understanding and trust between peoples, the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) needs a single educational space, similar educational and professional standards, mutual recognition of diplomas, academic degrees and titles. The article considers academic mobility within the EAEU and current practices of cooperation between its member-states and observer countries in the field of higher education based on the data of the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) and the Russian Federal State Statistics Service (to assess the efficiency of promoting the ideas of Eurasian integration) and on the results of the authors’ empirical research (to identify potential for the development of cooperation between the EAEU member-states and observer countries in the field of education). The authors show a decrease in student exchange between universities of member-states and an increase in the number of students from non-CIS countries; Russia still accepts more students than its EAEU partners, which proves the inequality of student and teachers’ academic mobility and the need for changes in legislation and funding under the growing competition with Turkey, Europe and China in the field of education. The article considers the development of the structure and programs of educational cooperation, the expansion of branches of leading universities in other countries, the creation by leading universities of the Consortium, Eurasian Network University and Slavic Universities, and so on. The development of cooperation between the EAEU member-states and observer countries in the field of higher education requires an agreement between participants of integration at the highest level, classification of the higher education issues as a separate area of cooperation, expansion of legal regulation of cooperation issues and creation of an institutional form for the EAEU management in the sphere of higher education.
36
Schmutz, Benoît, et Modibo Sidibé. « Frictional Labour Mobility ». Review of Economic Studies 86, no 4 (19 septembre 2018) : 1779–826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdy056.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract We build a dynamic model of migration where, in addition to standard relocation costs, workers face spatial frictions that decrease their ability to compete for distant job opportunities. We estimate the model on a matched employer–employee panel dataset describing labour market transitions within and between the 100 largest French cities. Our identification strategy is based on the premise that frictions affect the frequency of job transitions, while mobility costs impact the distribution of accepted wages. We find that: (1) controlling for spatial frictions reduces mobility cost estimates by one order of magnitude; (2) the urban wage premium is driven by better opportunities for local job-to-job transitions in larger cities; (3) migration reduces lifetime inequalities by providing insurance against unsatisfactory initial location draws; (4) labour mobility policies based on relocation subsidies are inefficient, unlike switching from nationwide to local minimum wages.
37
Burgess, Simon, et Fiorella Padoa Schioppa. « Mismatch and Labour Mobility. » Economic Journal 102, no 410 (janvier 1992) : 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2234865.
Texte intégral
38
Lux, Martin, et Petr Sunega. « Labour Mobility and Housing ». Urban Studies 49, no 3 (23 mai 2011) : 489–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098011405693.
Texte intégral
39
Dell'Aringa, Carlo. « Mismatch and labour mobility ». Labour Economics 1, no 1 (juin 1993) : 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0927-5371(93)90009-7.
Texte intégral
40
Biswas, Rajit. « Innovation and labour mobility ». Journal of Economics 116, no 3 (24 février 2015) : 229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00712-015-0437-5.
Texte intégral
41
Skilton, Nick. « Re-imagining Geographic Labour Mobility through ‘Distance Labour’ ». Australian Journal of Public Administration 74, no 3 (4 février 2015) : 364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12137.
Texte intégral
42
COLLIER, PAUL. « LABOUR MOBILITY AND LABOUR UTILIZATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ». Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 37, no 3 (1 mai 2009) : 169–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1975.mp37003001.x.
Texte intégral
43
Naveed, Amjad, Nino Javakhishvili-Larsen et Torben Dall Schmidt. « Labour mobility and local employment : building a local employment base from labour mobility ? » Regional Studies 51, no 11 (11 octobre 2016) : 1622–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2016.1223284.
Texte intégral
44
Cremers, Jan. « The European Labour Authority and rights-based labour mobility ». ERA Forum 21, no 1 (14 février 2020) : 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12027-020-00601-1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Regulation (EU) 2019/1149 establishes the European Labour Authority (ELA) as a decentralised operational EU-agency. The ELA has to help individuals and businesses to get most out of the opportunities offered by free movement and to ensure fair labour mobility. According to the Commission, it will serve the double mission of helping national authorities to fight fraud and abuse and making mobility easier for citizens. This article addresses existing problems with labour mobility and analyses reasons for insufficient compliance with local standards and other enforcement problems. The author reflects on the added value and future functioning of the ELA.
45
Chatzidimou, Konstantinos D., et Pela A. Stravakou. « The Teaching and Learning of German as a Foreign Language in Greece – A Critical Investigation and Assessment ». Journal of Advances in Education and Philosophy 8, no 01 (30 janvier 2024) : 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/jaep.2024.v08i01.003.
Texte intégralRésumé :
It is commonplace that the knowledge and use of foreign languages contribute positively to various and diverse fields in all countries of the world as well as to many social, cultural, labour, commercial, economic, political discussions and interactions of any civil society. Their role has been decisive in the past, still is today and it is more than evident that foreign languages will continue to play a decisive role in the future, especially on the personal, collective, state and cross-border levels, due to the ever-increasing mobility of people, whether voluntarily or involuntarily, from one continent to another, from one country on the same continent to another, from one poor, war-torn, oppressive and fascist country to a peaceful, democratic one, from one democratic country to another democratic one, etc. In particular, it plays a key role in: a. the acceptance of others with different origins, culture, religion, language, etc.; b. the mutual understanding, communication and the establishment of social relations between citizens of different cultures; c. the intellectual cultivation, cultural exchange, personal, professional rehabilitation and development of people; d. the conception and understanding of citizens that education and culture are the main pillars of the economic development of a country and of each individual; e. the cultivation and promotion of interdisciplinarity and the general progress of science and research; f. the friendship between States; g. the diplomatic (inter)negotiations, commercial transactions, various agreements between States. The present paper has been written for all these reasons and a few more discussed further on. It studies in a critical-interpretative way various aspects of the teaching and learning of German as a foreign language in Greece, a language spoken by several million people all over the world.
46
Lopes, Marlene Isabel, Margarida Vieira, Isabel Mendes, Rosa Moreira, Cláudia Brás et Alexandrina Cardoso. « ANTENATAL EDUCATION STRATEGIES DESIGNED TO SUPPORT MOBILITY IN LABOUR : A SCOPING REVIEW PROTOCOL ». Practising Midwife 27, no 1 (1 janvier 2024) : 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.55975/cqhb3724.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Empowering women for labour mobility is acknowledged as a component of good midwifery care, yet challenges persist in hospital settings. While the benefits of antenatal education are recognised as supporting labour mobility, specific details and correlations with outcomes remain deficient. A comprehensive synthesis of interventions empowering women for labour mobility is lacking. This study aims to map strategies in antenatal education for labour mobility, utilising JBI methodology. The review will centre on antenatal education, highlighting crucial information for strategies to enhance women’s decision-making and childbirth self-efficacy, fostering labour mobility and upright positions during labour.
47
Kilpatrick, Sue, et Bruce Felmingham. « Labour mobility in Australian industry ». Applied Economics Letters 3, no 9 (septembre 1996) : 577–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/135048596355998.
Texte intégral
48
Kettunen, Juha. « Labour mobility of unemployed workers ». Regional Science and Urban Economics 32, no 3 (mai 2002) : 359–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-0462(01)00083-7.
Texte intégral
49
Russek, Stephan. « Differential labour mobility and agglomeration ». Papers in Regional Science 89, no 3 (5 février 2010) : 587–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2009.00269.x.
Texte intégral
50
Guo, Yanrong. « Labour mobility and international trade ». Catallaxy 8, no 1 (30 juin 2023) : 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/cxy.2023.001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Motivation: The academic debate on whether the relationship between factor mobility and international trade is one of complementarity or substitution is inconclusive. In general, the relationship between the two can vary depending on the specific research methodology and the object of study. Moreover, there are fewer empirical analyses with China and the European Union as subjects, so studying the relationship between labour mobility and trade in the case of China and Europe is worthwhile. Aim: The purpose of this paper is to determine, through empirical analysis, the relationship between labour mobility in the form of dispatched labour and bilateral trade between China and the European Union in the period of 2005-2021. Materials and methods: This paper utilises quantitative analysis to investigate the relationship between labour movements and trade (imports and exports) based on data from 2005 to 2021, primarily through co-integration analysis and Granger causality testing. Results: The study found that there is a substitution relationship between the number of dispatched labour from China and the trade in goods between China and the European Union in the research period. Additionally, Granger causality tests show that China's dispatched labour to the EU is the Granger cause of China-EU export trade, and vice versa. However, China's dispatched labour to the EU is not a Granger cause of China-EU import trade.