Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Anarchismus <Motiv> »

Terrorism is a politically motivated violence that has its roots in the teachings and actions of anarchists. Often understood as a weapon of the weak, terrorism is a means of communication through the exploitation of fear that arises as a result of physical violence. Political motive and purpose determine the theoretical notion of terrorism, while in the specific case, the decision on what a terrorist act is is determined by political interest. Political determinism makes terrorism an ideal means of hybrid warfare which is based on the synergy of numerous individual acts that are compatible with each other and serve the same goal. Considering the complexity of hybrid warfare, the ways in which terrorism can be misused for the purpose of hybrid warfare are also different. The paper describes three terrorism misuse models for this purpose.

В статье рассматриваются проблемы трансформации чеховских мотивов в романе А. Иличевского «Анархисты». Чеховский контекст романа «Анархисты» определяется не только текстовыми и сюжетными сближениями с повестью «Дуэль». Он представлен единством мироощущения чеховского героя и современного человека. Осознание пустоты и быстротечности жизни, отсутствия смыслообразующего центра, невозможности обрести уверенность ни в одной из ключевых доминант, предлагаемых культурной традицией таких, как Бог, любовь, рай, ад, подчеркивается основным образом-лейтмотивом прозрачности. В романе прозрачность понимается во взаимоисключающих значениях как свет и как ночь, что определяет бессилие современного героя в акте выстраивания духовной вертикали. Сюжет романа «Анархисты» определяется трагическим настроением картины И. Левитана «Над вечным покоем». Пространство романа моделируется по принципу левитановского пейзажа. Герои А. Иличевского, переживая личные драмы, существуют в пограничном пространстве, структурированном по вертикали верх-низ , что является отражением сознания героя, не способного преодолеть промежуточности своего бытия. Образ Левитана, предстающий в романе как прозрачный великан, становится своеобразным кодом для расшифровки чеховского понимания вечности. Романная история Левитана перекликается с настоящей биографией художника, определяет один из основных мотивов поведения главного героя Соломина: найти Бога в пейзаже. Спор о Боге, ключевой мотив романа, актуализирует сюжет русской классики, определяет особенности авторской позиции. Художник-ученый - образ нового миссии, который не смог воплотиться ни в одном герое «Анархистов». The article deals with the problems of transformation of Chekhov's motives in the novel “Anarchists” by A. Ilichevsky. Chekhov's context of the novel is determined not only by textual and plot rapprochements with “Duel”. It is represented by the unity of the worldview of the Chekhov’s character and a modern man. Awareness of the emptiness and transience of life, the absence of a meaning-forming center, the impossibility of gaining confidence in any of the key dominants offered by the cultural tradition, such as God, love, heaven, hell, is emphasized by the main image of transparency. In the novel, transparency is understood in mutually exclusive meanings as light and as night, which determines the powerlessness of the modern character in the act of building a spiritual vertical. The plot of “Anarchists” is determined by the tragic mood of I. Levitan’s painting “Above Eternal Peace”. The space of the novel is modeled on the principle of Levitan’s landscape. The characters of A. Ilichevsky, experiencing personal dramas, exist in a border space structured vertically up-down, which is a reflection of the consciousness of the hero, who is unable to overcome the intermediateness of his being. The image of Levitan, who appears in the novel as a transparent giant, becomes a kind of code for deciphering Chekhov's understanding of eternity. The novel story of Levitan echoes the artist's real biography, defines one of the main motives for the behavior of the protagonist Solomin that was to find God in the landscape. The dispute about God, the key motive of the novel, actualizes the plot of the Russian classics, determines the peculiarities of the author's position. The artist-scientist is the image of the new mission, which could not be embodied in any hero of the “Anarchists”.

Social conflicts that occur in several areas in Indonesia lately, one of them is caused by the weakness of law certainty. This is feared to threaten the integration of the Republic of Indonesia. This study aims to determine the factors that affect social conflict in Manis Lor village in Kuningan district. The method used the explanatory quantitative methods, the statistical test Path Analysis. The study population was a formal and informal community leaders (village chief, clergy, and youth), and the people who involved in a conflict in Manis Lor village Kuningan regency. The result shows a) There is no significant influence between social identity factors with social conflict anarchist. b) There is significant influence between socio-economic factors with social conflict anarchists. c) There is no significant influence between the credibility factor anarchist leaders with social conflict. d) There is no significant influence between the motive factor with anarchist social conflict. e) There is significant influence between personality factors/beliefs with anarchist social conflict. f) There is significant influence of behavioral factors anarchist communication with social conflict.

Karel Toman started as a vagabond and anarchist poet, and accordingly the subjects of his lyrics were liberty, loneliness, need, and alienness. Turning away from his anarchistic way of life, the subjects changed, too: the war, the Czech land, the earth became new themes of his poems. In both stages, biblical motifs played a significant role.

This thesis aims to analyse two very strong notions - Religiousness and Anarchism. We are used to comprehend these two notions as very different from one another, or even as two opposites. This thesis will show that even though we see Anarchism as Atheism, it is not always possible to exclude Religiousness from it. This fact will be shown as specifically Russian phenomenon. That is why it will be needed to explain broader context of Russian thought in the 19th century. Thesis will also aim to works of prince and anarcho-communist Peter Alexej Kropotkin where it will be possible to exemplify the strong inveteracy of Religiousness in Russian (Anarchist) thought and also the possibility of a dialog between these two notions. Keywords religious motives, religiosity, russian thinking, anarchism, anarchokomunism, spiritual thinking