Thèses sur le sujet « Analyse du marché du travail »
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Kamionka, Thierry. « Analyse microéconométrique des transitions sur le marché du travail ». Toulouse 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU10038.
Texte intégralIn this work we present estimates of reduced form transition models and of a dynamic random utility model. These models provide a unified framework allowing studying relationships existing between stocks, flows and mean sojourn durations in labour market states. To analyse the development of unstable job patterns, we consider the French labour force surveys panel collected by the French national institute for statistics and economic studies (INSEE) for the period 1986-1988. Particular attention is paid to the problem of the estimation of continuous-time Markov models using discrete-time panel data. We also study the existence of individuals confined out of stable jobs and alternating between unstable jobs, unemployment and nonparticipation, using a mixture of time-homogeneous Markov processes
Gilbert, Lucie. « Analyse dynamique des transitions des jeunes sur le marché du travail ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0005/MQ44730.pdf.
Texte intégralLimon, Emeline. « Une Analyse du Dualisme Contractuel sur le Marché du Travail Français ». Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CERG0859/document.
Texte intégralThis thesis study the dualism existing on the French labor market. Especially, I study job and worker flows and the role played by temporary contracts in those flows. The employment protection legislation is stringent in France then firms are subject to important rules when they adjust their workforce. However, it seems that the employment legislation governing the use of temporary contracts is not so binding in practice since this type of contract is widely used and that their duration is more and more shorter. In order to have a better knowledge of the French labor market and of the dualism, this thesis is divided in three chapters. The first one quantifies job and worker flows over the 1998-2012 period and explores the possible impact of the 2008 crisis on those flows taking into account industry characteristics. In addition, I study the evolution of contracts' duration and I propose an econometric analysis that highlight the determinants of temporary hirings.The second chapter quantifies transitions existing on the French labor market and their impact on unemployment volatility. I use a three-state (employed, unemployed, inactive) and a four-state model (permanently employed, temporary employed, unemployed, inactive). This latest model has never been studied for the French case yet.Finally, the last chapter analyzes the consequences of the implementation of a tax on short-term contracts that is supposed to encorage firms to hire with permanent contracts and increase the duration of contracts. This kind of reform has been in several european countries. In France, this tax was implemented by the Interprofessional agreement in july 2013. A search and matching model is estimated on French data from UNEDIC using the model proposed by Caguc, Charlot and Malherbet (2016)
Decreuse, Bruno. « Exclusion du marché du travail dans les modèles d'appariement ». Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX24003.
Texte intégralTripier, Fabien. « Croissance et imperfections du marché du travail : les apports d'une analyse intégrée ». Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100174.
Texte intégralHagneré, Cyrille. « Les minima sociaux en France : analyse économique d'une réforme ». Cergy-Pontoise, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CERGA001.
Texte intégralDuring the depressive phase that the European economy has known in the first half of the 1990's, the stress laid on minimum benefits as a net of security was the object of a wide social consensus. Today, the question to know if these same minimum benefits do not constitute a large-scale brake on the return to employment of this fringe of the population worries the analysts. Using original instruments, we suggest in this thesis to evaluate the impact, incentive as much redistributive, that could have a reform which consists in reducing the implicit marginal tax rates on labor income faced by the French working poor. With this intention, we develop a microsimulation model whose originality lies in the taking into account of the temporal specificity of the fiscal system. To estimate the redistributive effects, we build a modified version of the dominance sequential criteria. This new criterion allows to conclude that the reform has a normative interest whereas the usual criteria lead to a much more vague diagnosis. With regard to the incentive aspect, we study the consequences that could have the reform on the individual labour supply, using a model which combines econometrics and microsimulation. The results reveal that the financial incentives play indeed a significant role in the return to employment. However, and even in the case of very advantageous scenarios, the number of individuals who would be brought back to the labour force remains modest. Moreover, the reform would encourage a considerable share of the individuals working before reform to reduce their labour supply
Lainé, Guillaume. « La segmentation de la gestion des ressources humaines au sein des entreprises françaises : recherche et analyse des facteurs déterminants ». Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090062.
Texte intégralEl, Badaoui Eliane. « Analyse du marché du travail dans les pays en développement : théories et applications ». Cergy-Pontoise, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CERG0435.
Texte intégralThe aim of this PhD thesis is to analyze different aspects concerning the labor market in developing countries. The informal sector, frequent in developing countries, has a significant contribution to economic activity and employment. Chapter 1 proposes an estimation of the employment wage penalty in the informal sector, whose existence is largely documented in the literature. Using South Africa data, we conclude that there is no penalty in terms of net wages. Moreover, the firm size is used by ILO in order to define the informal sectors. Chapter 2 extends the Burtett-Mortensen (1998) model by introducing the informal sector. In this model, the formal sector wage premium is just a firm size premium. An empirical analysis on Ecuadorian data confirms our theoretical results. Extended families are frequent in developing countries. Tis family structure allows individuals to share ressources, to have economies of scale in consumption, and affects individual labor market participation. Chapter 3 presents a labor supply structural model for individuals living in extended families. The empirical analysis use South African micro-data
Royannez, Gil-ian. « Le marché de la formation continue : une analyse de la relation signalisation-capital humain ». Toulon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUL2002.
Texte intégralAt each period of his life, the man learns and evolves. The formation continues is the share of this training which takes place during the active life. We seek to know at which point the two great theories o fthe market of the formation - theory of the signal and theory of the human capital - are complementary,. And allow to explain the mechanisms of this market. In our first part we see that there is an infinity of solutions of balance to the determination of the optimal level of investment in formation, according to characteristics' of the companies and the workers. And according to their environment. In thc second part, the analysis of the differences in outpul which can exist between "général" training and "spécifie" training show us that the two investments are complementary. The imperfection of the market makes it possible the company to invest in two cases. Our third part relates to the impact of the continuous training on continuing education The initial formation bas a strong impact, by giving access quickly to a formative environment. The more the formation intervenes in a repeated way, the more it bas a notable positive effect. The function of development consumer loyalty and selection ofthe workers is done over ail the duration of the course. With final, we see that the formation increases simultaneously the level of human capital and ils visibity, allowing the company "to classify" his workers, aod to pair them as well as possible. The companies invest in formation lo attract and preserve the employees most suited, while counting on the profits that the acquisition of human capital nol observed by the market allows
Bayad, Mohamed. « Demande de travail, structures et stratégies d'entreprises : une analyse théorique et empirique ». Nancy 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN20001.
Texte intégralThe subject of this thesis is to present a dynamic analysis of behavioural adjustments in employment and in labour demand related to company structure strategy. The research has been undertaken using a sample of 1285 firms of the french industrial sector over the period 1974-1985
Seegmuller, Thomas. « La concurrence imparfaite comme source de fluctuations endogènes : une analyse en générations imbriquées ». Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00194090.
Texte intégralMagnac, Thierry. « Analyse de l'offre de travail sur un marché concurrentiel ou segmenté : applications à la participation sur le marché du travail des femmes mariées en Colombie : 1980-1985 ». Paris, EHESS, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987EHES0038.
Texte intégralThe study of married women' participation in the major towns of colombia, using labour supply microeconomic models, leads to confirm and reveal some of its determinants, such as human capital or family composition variables. Econometric methods, for limited dependent variables, are used to estimate these models on microeconomic data, drawn out from household surveys in the major towns of colombia. Moreover, while female labour supply has been strongly increasing since 1975, several cross section (1980-1985) estimations of the standard labour supply model allow to test the predictive power of these methods. On the other hand, a critical analysis of these models, with the help of dualist theory of development and segmentation theory leads to build up a theoretic model, and test labour market rationing hypothesis on microeconomic data. This method is applied on the same household surveys data using an econometric model of bivariate probit. In particular, this allows to reject the standard competitive hypothesis of labour supply models
Petit, Héloïse. « Fondements et dynamique de la segmentation du marché du travail : une analyse sur données françaises ». Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010036.
Texte intégralMaillard, Martial. « Essai sur les marchés locaux du travail : analyse théorique et application à la Picardie ». Paris 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA020061.
Texte intégralThe aiml of this thesis is the study of local labour markets efficiency. It is analysed in the first chapter through the models of the labour market organised around the aggregate matching function and the beveridge curve. Spatial mismatch is introduced in the second chapter. Propositions derived from this first part enable us to carry on econometric investigations of local labour markets matching functioins and beveridge curves, in the case of a french region, picardy. Such aggregate studies are completed by anhalysing the effects of some local factors on labour market working. So, the fifth chapter studies the effect of industry mix on local unemployment rates. Original theoretical analysis of spatial unemployment differentials are developped and tested in the sixth chapter. These are respectively based on managers consumption choices and commuting. Taxation is introduced in the seventh chapter through a theoretical model. It shows that local labour taxation raises the resortto the temporary help supply industry. Empirical findings based on panel data for firms localised in picardy support this model
Zenou, Yves. « Marché du travail et analyse spatiale : essai de modélisation théorique et application à la Picardie ». Paris 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA020110.
Texte intégralThe aim of this thesis is to make the connection between the labor market and spatial analysis, and more precisely between the efficiency wage theory and the new urban economics. For that, the thesis develops in the first part two theoretical models of the efficiency wage hypothesis within a regional context. From different hypothesis, the two models show, at the equilibrium, how the boundary of the city is endogenously determinated and why urban unemployed workers do not change their locations to obtain better chances of acquiring jobs. The second part of the thesis is concerned with the empirical analysis based on a panel of plants located in "picardie" region of france. Usual statistics, data analysis and especially panel econometrics show the relevance of the models but also their limits
Lescure, Emmanuel de. « Les formateurs d'adultes, un groupe professionnel incertain : marché du travail et professionnalisation ». Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10054.
Texte intégralCourtioux, Pierre. « Marché du travail, politiques de l'emploi et sélection : une analyse évolutionnaire des préretraites en France ». Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010044.
Texte intégralMoysan-Louazel, Anne. « Analyse de la transformation recente du marche interne du travail et du modele de carriere des ingenieurs dans l'entreprise : une approche institutionnaliste. economique et de gestion ». Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN11040.
Texte intégralThe object of the research is the analysis of internal labor market f5rom the point of view of careers. We think that it is possible to interpret caree's policies as structural elements of internal labor market. Then, we have a double framawork to understand present innovations in human resources policies. The increase of engineers and the decisive asset of their creative and innovatoru potential in present competitiveness make that it is no more possible to ignore employment and carrer's policies of this population. First. We propose a theorical quote of the buildingy of the internal labor market's concept. Then, we pose and explain the existence of a traditional internal labor market where the engineer's carrer force them to leave their origin's category and force them to give up technical job. They are promoted in managerial functions. At the end of the research and the exam of technoloogical, economical and organisational change. We suggest some results. First, the internal labor market of engineers blowed up in sub-internal labor markets. Secondly, one of them is there to form the elite of the firm and propose an expert, manager or coordinator career. Finaly, the other internal labor market proposes a new relation between engineers and employers with no secure of car5eer, more functinnal flexibility and an internal labor market more open on the external market
Kobou, Georges. « Analyse spatio-temporelle par la modélisation log-linéaire : une approche structurelle de l'offre d'emploi salarié en France ». Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100114.
Texte intégralThe traditional conception of the labour market does not take into consideration the structural effects. Consequently, the spatial size of labour market is erased. And even if this appears, it does so through imposed limits in which gross mechanisms have been reproduced. Now, there is an obvious relation between space and labour market: firms and workers are located in space. On the other hand, firms nowadays are inclined to use many spaces, according to the characteristics of the labour force, which has an important part in the structuration of space. These structures have been placed in a prominent position by a method of multidimentional analysis, the log-linear model. In the period 1976-1981, this method has been applied to exploratory study of wage-earners employment in france. Many differences by age, sex, profession and region are observed; there are interactions between these variables. But the most important result is that some phenomenons which are verified at national level are not observed at the regional scale. That is the illustration of a regional effect, and it shows the necessity of taking into account space in the functioning of the labour market
Rault, Christophe. « Exogénéité et non-causalité dans les modèles VAR-ECM : une analyse macro-économétrique du marché français du travail ». Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010066.
Texte intégralSellem, Faouzi. « Statut résidentiel, mobilité et marché du travail : analyses empiriques et théoriques ». Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00753388.
Texte intégralAspilaire, Roseman. « Économie informelle en Haïti, marché du travail et pauvreté : analyses quantitatives ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0122/document.
Texte intégralThe predominance of the informal sector in the economy of Haiti, where more than 80% of the population lives below the threshold of poverty and more than 35% unemployed, suggests links between the informal economy, poverty and the labour market. Highlight these interrelationships, requires an assessment of the informal economy, which is the subject of the four chapters of this thesis, dealing successively with the evolution of the macroeconomic situation, human capital, the informal earnings of workers, and the segmentation of the labour market.The first chapter made a diagnosis of the phenomenon according to the State of affairs of the developed theories and the evolution of the macroeconomic framework of Haiti from 1980 to 2010. And then offers a macroeconomic assessment of the informal sector as a percentage of GDP from a PLS (Partial Least Squares).Chapter two sets out the relationship between the evolution of the informal economy, deregulation and neo-liberal policies through a LISREL (Linear Structural Relations) model. We look at the impact of the budgetary, fiscal and monetary policies of the past 30 years on the informal economy. We also reassess the causes of the evolution of the informal economy generally evoked by the empirical studies (taxes, social security).In the chapter three, we analyse the micro-real dimension of the informal economy through a model of the Mincer earnings estimated by the equations logit from data in a national survey on employment and the informal economy (EEEI) in 2007. We analyse the determinants of informal gains in terms of the position of the market workers (employees, entrepreneurs and self-employed); and revenues (formal and informal) and the socio-economic characteristics of the working poor and non-poor compared to the poverty line.In chapter four, we first test the competitiveness and the segmentation of the labour market by making use of model of Roy and the expanded Roy model through an estimate a model Tobit. We use a model of Dirichlet process: first analyse the segmentation and possible informal work and market competitiveness as its determinants, according to data from the EEEI 2007; then, to distinguish the fundamental characteristics of the involuntary informal (excluded from the formal labour market) than the voluntary informal who gain comparative advantages
Simonnet, Véronique. « Déterminants et rentabilité de la mobilité sur le marché du travail : analyse théorique et empirique (Allemagne, Etat-Unis, France) ». Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010088.
Texte intégralOur thesis focuses on the decision to dissolve a job match and its consequences. First, a theoretical and econometric model of the worker decision to leave his job is developed and estimated on german panel data (german socio-economic panel, 19841994). In this model, the worker mobility desire depends on his expressed job satisfaction and his past and present pecuniary and non-pecuniary job attributes. The worker's mobility desire is then estimated as the residual of a job satisfaction equation and used to predict his quit decision. The empirical evidence of the relationship between quit and job mobility desire allows to confirm job satisfaction model and the standard microeconomic mobility decision interpretation. Second, job mobility effects on wages have first been estimated on french retrospective data (enquete carriere, insee, 1989). Next, an original measure of job mobility effects on wages is proposed and estimated on german and american panel data (german socio-economic panel and national longitudinal survey of youth 1984-1993). We compare the quality of successive job matches. We retain a wage model in which error term is decomposed in three components : a fixed individual specific error term, a fixed job match specific error term and a random effect. Second, the quality of the job match is given by the estimated fixed job match specific error term. If the quality of the new job match or if the average quality of the new and the following job matches are better than the quality of the previous job, mobility enables the worker's transition to better jobs, then, job mobility effects on wages are positive
Gendron, Bénédicte. « D'une stratégie de formation à une stratégie d'employabilité : analyse de la poursuite d'études après un BTS ou un DUT ». Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010024.
Texte intégralThe BTS's holders and the IUT's holders have been set up to bring a vocational training to young people during two years after the high school diploma. But more and more students pursuit their studies after this credential according to the last data of CEREQ's inquiry : 63% after the DUT and 39% after BTS in 1992. The choice of this holders can be interpretated as a double strategy : a training's strategy and an employability's strategy. Indeed, in one hand because of the selection at the entrance and the low rate of failure and drop out in these kinds of institutions, the BTS and DUT's classes can be used as a first step of training (pseudo-deug) to minimize the risk of failure at the university and, thus to go further in the educational system and. In an other hand, because of the employement's crisis, the holders try to adjust their training according to the labor market's needs and to reach their initial job's expectation. Therefore, the educational choice should be considered as a sequentiel choice and a multiple process of education
Tattolo, Giovanna. « Migrations féminines dans les pays euro-méditerranéens : analyse comparée de la participation au marché du travail des femmes immigrées en Italie et en France ». Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0026.
Texte intégralThe feminisation of migration flows, coinciding with an increase in the share of women amongst first-generation migrants, including for work purposes, makes it all the more important to examine the conditions governing the entry of foreign women into the labour market. Despite the progress recorded as regards women’s access to employment in the majority of the European countries, which is attributable mainly to the increase in the female participation rate, there is ample evidence that migrant women are generally in a disadvantaged position in the labour market in relation to both male migrants and native women. However, there are also substantial differences between women from various countries/regions of origin and between EU Member States. The aim of this study is to analyse the specific effects of migration processes (the length of stay as well as the reason for migration) and socio-demographic characteristics (number of children and educational attainment) in Italy and in France. A special focus will also be done on the segmentation of the labour market among migrants from different origins (agricultural, industry, services) as a possible explanatory variables. The Census data used are available in an individual format allowing specific tabulations and statistical analysis (regressions models)
Archambault, Richard. « Le marché du travail canadien : une analyse des chocs cycliques, de redistribution et sur la population active ». Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8255.
Texte intégralDivay, Sophie. « La recherche d'emploi protocolaire : analyse des interactions dans des situations de conseil sur le marché du travail ». Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUEL287.
Texte intégralIntermediaries intervene on behalf of the unemployed in the employment market in order to assist them in their job search. Examination of the advice preferred brings to light the availability of Job Search Assistance (J. S. A. ) Manuals as well as situations of direct interaction between councilors and the unemployed. A quantitative analysis in this domain proved to be impossible ; the characteristics of the councilors, the unemployed as well as the job search advisory structures remain vague since no precise numbers have been established. Only a micro-sociological study, based on an interactionist theoretical approach, has permitted an observation from the "inside" of these counseling techniques. These techniques are not insignificant and are not based uniquely on good intentions towards the victims of unemployment. They propose a behavioral model, that is a prescribed role for the good job seeker that takes into account the balance of power present in the confrontation between offer and demand in the employment market. In this way, the councilors' discourse transmits a behavioral norm designated herein by the term "regulatory job search". Those counseled should acquire a social competence, a know-how that consists of skillfully manipulating the codes of interaction in order to assume an inferior position in regards to the recruiter without losing face. J. S. A. Is not affiliated with any particular theoretical contribution, but provides an on-site apprenticeship that includes several sessions where employment interviews are simulated. Councilors utilize some forms of symbolic violence in order to initiate a secondary socialization process. (Berger, Luckmann, 1996). This behavioral modeling aims at the internalization of a subjected, non-valuing role that contributes to the maintenance of the established order, and thus to social peace
Hocquet, Laetitia. « Déterminants et effets de la formation professionnelle continue en France et en Grande-Bretagne : une analyse empirique comparative ». Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010045.
Texte intégralCahuzac, Eric. « Modélisation de la recherche d'emploi, une analyse micro-économétrique des transitions sur le marché du travail en Belgique ». Toulouse, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU10002.
Texte intégralThe present research gives an economical and statistical frame, necessary in the study of individual behaviours on the labour market in presence of administrative data. An application for Belgian workers is performed. In a first approach the data bank is discredited to allow a structural characterisation of individual behaviours. The challenge is to check whether this discretization is economically meaningful and eventually amenable to structural modelling. In particular, the problem is to know whether the categories so defined may be considered as defining an economically meaningful "position" of an individual on the labour market. Two kinds of questions are here envisaged. First, we want co control whether the discretized data display interpretable stability among individuals and interpretable time paths. Second, we also want to check whether these discretized variables have a dynamic structure with an economically reasonable memory pattern. These controls are preliminary to any effort for modelling such data. In a theoretical part, the labour supply approach with imperfect information is privileged. Then, we are able to introduce more reality in the search process, taking into account to the individual past labour market history. Finally we use econometric duration models to extract all the information to these data. Beyond a stock analysis, an analysis in term of input-output unemployment probability give us some structural elements characterising the Belgian labour market
Périvier, Hélène. « Transferts redistributifs et offre de travail des ménages : analyse théorique et mise en perspective franco-américaine ». Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010020.
Texte intégralBen, Ayed-Mouelhi Rim. « Les comportements de demande de travail d'entrepreneurs tunisiens : analyse théorique et empirique ». Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOE011.
Texte intégralThe main object of the thesis is to apprehend the most important determinants of labour demand drawn from a tunisian panel data. In this respect, we have undertaken an empirical observation of the Tunisian industrial sector. Then, we have identified the main constraints operating on the producers, namely the output constraint and the capital constraint, and pointed out to the way these constraints determine the policy of labour demand. The choice of labour input was formulated as a classical problem of decision taking in which the firm aims a maximization of profit under technical as well as market constraints. This led us to make out different specifications of labour demand according to the contraints that interfer in decision taking. At the application level we have used a sample of tunisian industrial firms drawn from the annual survey of industrial activities. The preliminary results obtained led to a partial understending of the determinants of labour demand and gave rise to many incoherences, hense the need to revise the basic theoretical hypothesis. The laxity of these hypothesis paved the way for other specifications whose estimation led to results that clarified and sometimes confirmed the previous ones. The method of estimation used all along this work are those adapted to an error compound model
Pascal, Anne. « Le comportement d'activité des femmes en Russie au moment de la transition : analyse économique et étude économétrique ». Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010025.
Texte intégralGros, Julien. « Des classes populaires à la lisière du salariat : une analyse des bûcherons entre emploi, marché et stratification sociale ». Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0103.
Texte intégralWhereas most workers became salaried during the 20th century, lumberjacks have stayed on the margins of the wage system: in France, today, a lumberjack is usually a self-employed or piece-worker. The activity of lumberjacks thus highlights a theoretical tension: it is a manual job but it is practiced outside of the wage model. The goal of my thesis is to determine the conditions under which such a self-employed sector of the labor market can offer stability to working-class men in the working world. To this end, I conducted a localized analysis of forms of employment, market mechanisms and class relations from the point of view of both employers and workers. This research is based on quantitative and qualitative analyses of data collected during a six-year long fieldwork in a French rural region. This mixed-method strategy offers an opportunity to reflect on the possibility of the quantitative analysis of ethnographic material. The thesis identifies the various forms of subcontracting and highlights the role of the "capital of autochtony" (capital d'autochtonie) in the segmentation of the labor market: the hardest work is outsourced via the import of (often foreign) workers, allowing some independent lumberjacks to achieve economically stable positions despite the insecurity of their status. This research examines the effects of the distance from the wage system on the social trajectories of working-class men: being a self-employed lumberjack enables them to capitalize on distinctive resources at a time when the local labor market offers little prospect of upward mobility. Thus, I show the interest there is to consider these effects as a result of market mechanisms as well as class relations in a localized social space
Natsheh, Basel. « Analyses économiques du marché du travail et politiques de l'emploi dans les territoires palestiniens ». Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX32027.
Texte intégralThe Palestinian economy has been totally dominated by Israel since the occupation of the Palestinian territories 1967. This relation between the two economies translated in several forms, the trade, fiscal, custom, labour, and industry and showed a very high degree of interdependency. However, the Palestinian economy benefited such a growth from the integration between the two economies, even if this integration remains unclear, high degree of labour integration; low degree of trade integration; no policy tools available to correct imbalances. West Bank and Gaza experience of growth path passed by a certain convergence comparing with the Israeli economy, but in a certain point started to diverge, which make the case of the Palestinian economy more complex. Labour relations will continue to be important for both the Palestinian and the Israeli economies. However, they need to be based on economic priorities rather than on security as defined unilaterally by one side
Bonhomme, Stéphane. « Inégalité, mobilité et hétérogénéité sur le marché du travail : Contribution Empiriques et Méthodiques ». Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00163065.
Texte intégralDans le deuxième chapitre nous étudions l'effet de la mobilité entre emplois sur les corrélations entre salaires et caractéristiques non salariales. Dans notre modèle, de fortes préférences pour ces caractéristiques ne se traduisent pas nécessairement en corrélations négatives si les frictions de mobilité sont importantes. Sur données européennes, nous estimons de fortes préférences pour certaines caractéristiques telles que le type de travail ou la sécurité de l'emploi, ainsi que des différentiels de salaires très faibles entre niveaux d'aménités.
Les chapitres 3 et 4 introduisent une méthode de modélisation de l'hétérogénéité inobservée : l'analyse en composantes indépendantes. Celle-ci diffère de l'analyse en composantes principales en ce que les facteurs ne sont pas supposés simplement non corrélés, mais statistiquement indépendants. Cette hypothèse permet d'identifier les facteurs de manière non ambigüe. Nous appliquons notre méthode à des données de salaires de l'éducation pour l'année 1995 en France. Nos résultats suggèrent une relation complexe et multidimensionnelle entre le niveau d'étude et son rendement sur le marché du travail.
Sagaon, Teyssier Luis. « Analyses empiriques de la dynamique du marché du travail mexicain à partir de données longitudinales ». Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX24019.
Texte intégralThe aim of this thesis is to complete the literature on different aspects in order to improve our understanding about the role played by the different sectors in the Mexican labour market dynamics and its particular performance face to other Latin American countries. We used the data of the ENEU for the period 1987-2001. We devote the first chapter of this thesis to the comparison of the hiring behavior and separation within different sectors of employment. To doing so, we implement a non-parametric model for decomposing the unemployment and the employment dynamics. A second chapter is devoted to the comparative analysis of the business cycle effect on the access into employment and the mobility. We proceed by simulating the unemployment and the employment durations by distinguish between the effect of the business cycle and the one of the cohort composition. The simulation exercise is based on the estimation of a parametric duration model. The third chapter of this thesis is concentrated in the wage differentials between the sectors in the labour. We exploit the different wages and mobility captured for the same individual. Finally, we present a fourth chapter where we investigate which is the mechanism at the origin of the wage premium attributed to the employment not covered by the social security. We implement a structural job-search model –in partial equilibrium- in which the labour market is organized as an continuum of jobs where, additionally to the wages, the social security is offered as non-monetary remuneration
Plasman, Robert. « Les politiques du marché du travail : analyse et comparaisons européennes :procédures d'évaluation (micro et macro-économiques) :évaluation des politiques de résorption du chômage et des politiques du temps de travail en Belgique ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212651.
Texte intégralHenriet, Bruno. « Incertitude et déstabilisation de l'emploi : analyse des relations entreprise-travail dans le contexte français ». Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100214.
Texte intégralSalognon, Marie. « Evaluation de la qualité du travail et chômage de longue durée ». Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100083.
Texte intégralThis work accounts for long-term unemployment on the basis of two factors: the assessment of labour quality by firms and labor sorting by unemployment agencies. Our approach shows that in the context of long-term unemployment the assessment of labour quality depends no so much on the convergence of individual efforts around a selection criterion as on the variable mental images associated with the notion of a " skilled " laborer—what we call quality conventions. These vary from firm to firm; they work as principles of inclusion/exclusion. Using the TDE-MLT (DARES) survey, we conducted an econometric study to determine the complex relationships between quality convention and long-term unemployment. Our results suggest that employment policies should be amended
Rizavi, Sayyid Salman. « Analyse de l'emploi du temps : approche théorique et analyse comparative de quelques pays ». Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010016.
Texte intégralMare, Ndéye Andel Diagne. « Analyse de l'insertion différentielle sur le marché de l'emploi : étude de cas sur l'agglomération dakaroise ». Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010552.
Texte intégralBenhabib, Lamia. « Chômage des jeunes et inégalités d'insertion sur le marché du travail algérien : analyses multidimensionnelles et expérimentation ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0008/document.
Texte intégralThis thesis analyzes the determinants of youth unemployment and the inequalities regarding entry on the labour market in Algeria, especially in terms of gender.The first research hypothesis holds some individual characteristics as factors predisposing at risk of unemployment. A typology is issued from a sample of unemployed from three regions (Bejaia, Tizi-Ouzou and Tlemcen), thanks to a Multiple Correspondence Analysis associated with an Ascending Hierarchical Classification; it reveals that youth unemployment is more urban mainly among women and the higher education graduates. Using a Logit model, we then show that age, human capital and gender affect significantly the likelihood of the active people to be unemployed rather than access employment in the region of Tizi-Ouzou.The second hypothesis is based on the “voluntary” nature of inactivity of women. The results of logistic regression performed on the sample of women in the Tizi-Ouzou region indicate that age, human capital and marital status are the most significant variables in driving women to inactivity.The third hypothesis suggests that discrimination against women is likely to be the cause of gender inequalities on the Algerian labour market. We explore the issue of hiring discrimination through the first correspondence testing conducted in Algeria (Oran). Against conventional wisdom, the analysis of gross and conditional discrimination reveals a marked preference towards female candidates applying for various job positions in the accounting profession
Moreau, Nicolas. « Modèles collectifs d'offre de travail : analyses et tests sur données françaises ». Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX24016.
Texte intégralGangji, Amynah. « Analyse micro-économique du coût du chômage en Belgique : réflexions en matière de perspectives sur le marché du travail et de pauvreté ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210485.
Texte intégralLa première partie avait pour objectif d’analyser les entraves rencontrées par les chômeurs en Belgique lors de leur réinsertion, qu’elle soit professionnelle et sociale.
A partir du Panel Démographie Familiale, on peut observer qu’il n’y a pas réellement de rotation dans le phénomène du chômage en Belgique. Au contraire, ce sont souvent les mêmes individus qui y retournent régulièrement. Le premier chapitre de cette thèse a donc eu pour objectif d’étudier les causes de cette récurrence du chômage. A partir d’un modèle probit à effets aléatoires, on a montré que le phénomène est expliqué à hauteur de 57-82% par les caractéristiques des individus (observables ou non). La différence serait issue de la présence d’une dépendance d’état. Ainsi, par rapport à une personne identique en emploi, un individu qui aurait connu une expérience de chômage fera face à un risque accru (compris entre 11 et 33 points de pourcentage) de revivre cette expérience un an plus tard. Ces résultats montrent l’importance qu’il y a à concentrer les efforts sur la prévention du chômage.
Le deuxième chapitre a, quant à lui, plutôt étudié les conditions salariales auxquelles était confrontés le chômeur une fois réemployé. Pour ce faire, on a estimé une équation de salaires sur laquelle on a appliqué un modèle à effets fixes. Cette analyse s’est faite sur base du PSBH pour une période courant de 1994 à 2002. Les résultats démontrent qu’une expérience de chômage engendre une pénalité salariale de l’ordre de 6%. En outre, cette dernière s’accroît de manière linéaire à mesure que la période de chômage s’allonge dans le temps. Enfin, on a démontré que le chômeur peut recouvrir partiellement le différentiel de salaire si tant est qu’il reste suffisamment longtemps dans son nouvel emploi. Néanmoins, la présence de dépendance d’état dans le chômage implique qu’il y a un risque que certains individus n’arrivent jamais à créer une relation d’emploi durable dans le temps. Dans ce cas, la pénalité perdurera.
Si une expérience de chômage mène effectivement à des emplois moins bien payés ou plus instables, cela aura des implications en termes de conditions de vie. L'objectif du troisième chapitre a donc consisté à mesurer l’impact d’évènements dit « déclencheurs » (transitions sur le marché du travail des différents membres du ménage, bouleversement dans la structure familiale) sur les probabilités d’entrée dans et de sortie de la pauvreté en Belgique. La notion de pauvreté est approchée à l’aide de trois concepts recouvrant des réalités différentes :la pauvreté monétaire, la pauvreté subjective et la pauvreté des conditions de vie. L’étude montre qu’il n’y a pas de trajectoire unique qui mène ou qui permet de sortir de la pauvreté, tous les évènements déclencheurs ayant un rôle à jouer. Cependant l’ampleur et le sens des effets peuvent varier en fonction de l’approche considérée. Ainsi, les flux d’entrée et de sortie à partir des indicateurs subjectif et d’existence sont influencés plus fortement par les changements dans la situation conjugale des individus. Les pauvretés monétaires sont, quant à elles, plutôt affectées par l’arrivée ou le départ de personnes à charge. Enfin, les transitions sur le marché du travail affecteront de manière plus importante les flux d’entrée et de sortie de la pauvreté lorsque celle-ci est approchée par l’indicateur de privation relative. Dès lors, l’utilisation de l’approche subjective et de l’indicateur des conditions de vie nous ont apporté un éclairage nouveau quant à l’impact de certains évènements déclencheurs sur la situation de précarité vécue par les individus.
La deuxième partie s’est concentrée sur les solutions existantes qui permettraient d’améliorer les conditions de vie des locataires aux revenus les plus bas pour la Région spécifique que constitue Bruxelles.
Plus spécifiquement, le quatrième chapitre de la thèse a analysé les effets de la mise en place du Plan pour l’avenir du logement (construction de 5000 logements publics endéans les cinq ans) sur le cycle immobilier à Bruxelles. Pour ce faire, un modèle économétrique déterminant l’investissement privé et l’indice du prix immobilier pour les appartements et les maisons individuelles a été estimé. A partir des résultats obtenus, nous avons été à même d’effectuer des simulations de l’effet attendu de la construction de 5.000 à 10.000 logements publics sur les prix immobiliers ainsi que sur l’investissement privé sur une période courant de 20 à 30 ans. Les résultats indiquent que l’investissement public dans la construction de logements sociaux a des effets positifs en termes d’encouragement de l’investissement résidentiel privé (9.000 logements supplémentaires dans l’hypothèse de 5.000 logements publics construits) et de baisse du prix immobilier (de l’ordre de 1 à 2% après une dizaine d’années). A Bruxelles, l’explication résiderait dans un assainissement de la concurrence dans le « bas de gamme » du marché immobilier et un ralentissement du « filtering down ». A très long terme, le différentiel de prix se résorberait (dissipation du choc) mais l’effet multiplicateur de l’investissement public initial sur l’investissement résidentiel privé cumulé serait de l’ordre de 1,8.
Le reproche fait au Plan pour l’avenir du logement est que la construction de 5.000 logements sociaux ne suffira pas à aider la totalité des ménages en difficulté à accéder à un logement décent. Or, à côté de cette politique d’offre, il existe, à disposition du gouvernement, un deuxième outil pour améliorer les conditions d’habitation des ménages devant se loger sur le marché locatif privé, qui cette fois agit du côté de la demande: l’attribution d’allocations-loyers, qui existe actuellement dans une grande majorité de pays européens.
Le cinquième chapitre de la thèse a donc étudié la faisabilité de l’implémentation d’un programme d’allocation en RBC et les conséquences qu’il engendrerait sur le marché immobilier bruxellois. Face au double constat d’un déficit excessif de l’offre de logements décents dans le segment « faibles revenus » à Bruxelles et de danger d’inflation des loyers, nous ne recommandons pas la mise en œuvre d’un programme d’allocations-loyers dans cette ville. Avant d’y envisager une telle politique de stimulation de la demande, il faudrait d’abord accroître l’offre de logements sociaux et/ou subventionner la construction en général. L’idée est d’assainir d’abord la concurrence dans ce segment de marché pour y stabiliser les prix.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Deguilhem, Thibaud. « Revisiter le marché du travail urbain en Amérique Latine : segmentation, réseaux sociaux et qualité de l'emploi à Bogota ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0258/document.
Texte intégralIn the Latin American context, shaped by rapid urbanization, high inequalities and the weakness of labor institutions, issues related to the structure of the labor market and the effect of relational intermediation on job performance appear fundamental. This thesis aims to describe the structure of employment and analyzes the effects of social networks on the quality of employment and the performance of workers in Bogota’s labor market (Colombia). This work adopts a multidisciplinary research approach based on a socioeconomic and institutionalist framework. In the first part, a theoretical and analytical reflection is conducted through the notion of quality of employment, to overcome the classical typologies commonly used in developing countries. From this perspective, quality of employment can be seen as a new performance indicator grasped through the prism of the labor market segmentation theory, making possible to consider the rationales and the differential effects produced by the use of social networks. Subsequently, based on quantitative data from the household survey (geih, 2013) supplemented by information collected through focus groups, the multidimensional, econometric and comprehensive exploratory analysis allows to empirically verify that : (i.) quality of employment reflects a strongly polarized structure of the labor market in Bogota, (ii.) the use of social networks is associated differently with the quality of employment of workers according to their segment ; opposing necessity networks (for the vulnerable segment) and opportunity networks (for the protected segment). Based on the theories of the embeddedness and the sociology of networks, the second part of this thesis proposes to explore the dimensions, configurations and mechanisms of different types of social networks to get a job. Using original data on egocentric networks collected from a specific mixed survey system deployed in Bogota between 2016 and 2018, the empirical results from multidimensional and econometric analyzes and, the application of quantified narratives method demonstrate that : (i.) the combination of an extended potential network and a cohesive active network increases the search time but also the probability of finding a satisfactory job, (ii.) the strength of ties appears contextualized and negatively correlated with income but positively with its evolution between the last and the current job, (iii.) during the actors’ labor market trajectories, the necessary resources for changing job and the relationships to access them are clearly differentiated by the type of evolution (incremental or radical)
Dupâquier, Michel. « Analyse de la segmentation des marchés du travail à partir d'une comparaison France-Suède : étude comparée des processus d'intégration à l'entreprise pour de jeunes ouvriers et employés français et suédois ». Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05H038.
Texte intégralThis dissertation is focused on the segmentation theory, as developed by economists and sociologists, from france and sweden, during the 1970s-80s. The discussion starts with michael j. Piore, and continues with the main researches included in what is called segmentation theory. Most writers have accepted the idea that labor markets are not independent of the way people live in the family. That's why the second chapter is concerned by cross-national comparisons about the family life, trying to precise the influence of family statuses, family functions on french and swedish labor markets. Finally, generation relationships are studied and this has lead to the idea that sociologists should give more attention to macrosocial generation-relationships than purely family-directed generation-relationships. To avoid a floating study, purely empirical, i have choosen to follow the aix-group theory, and a long chapter precises what are education, organization, industry-relationships (as well as labormarket policies ) in sweden, considering that it was not usefull to speak again of france, well described by the aix-group and his fellow-searchers. In this chapter, the cases of Volvo-Torslanda and Posten-Goteborg are examined. Oppositely, it was necessary to develop more the cases of Citroën-Rennes and "la poste" in Rennes that were not replaced in a societal analysis. Using these theories, and conscious of these structures, i have been able to state a typology of the young-blue-collar labor markets, as well as the white-collar and to precise the relationships between these segments (chapters 8 and 9 ). The conclusion comes back to the debate about segmentation, in a sociological point of view. What is a segment ? What is the relation between a social group and a segment ? What has changed since the first writings of Piore ?
Lizé, Laurence. « Analyse économique de la sortie du chômage : embauche des demandeurs d'emploi et intermédiation publique en France : une étude sur données locales ». Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010005.
Texte intégralThis research is concerned with the main mode of leaving unemployment, namely hiring of job seekers. In france, the process of return to employment takes place in the context of an relationship between of the national employment agency (anpe) and employers. Our hypothesis is that imbalances in the labour market and the difficulty of leaving unemployment stem largely from employers' construction of a norm of employability, rather than from the behaviour of the unemployed. We explore an original perspective, namely a theoretical and empirical study of dissymmetry during the hiring process. Firstly, symmetrical approaches are represented by a model of matching. The use of anpe statistical data matching characteristics of job offers with those of job seekers brings out the dissymmetry of the positions of the parties involved in the hiring relationship. Closer observation of the process by which employers choose candidates highlights the importance of preliminary selection. Secondly, the company is placed at the centre of the hiring relation. The economics of transaction costs provides the theoretical framework of reference. The hiring decisions studied here take place within an organisational space which can be considered a kind of hybrid space between recourse to the external labour market and internal company recruitment. The impact of hiring costs on employers' choices is examined. Lastly, observation of these forms of behaviour allows us to explain the process by which employers evaluate candidates. Though the use of dissymmetrical and interactive approaches, we show how a strategic space is structured, giving an important role to mediation by the national employment agency on the labour market. A better understanding of employers' behaviour clarifies the rules governing the allocation of job offers and sheds light on the options open to the national employment agency
Peney, Sandrine. « Evénements et analyse économique des comportements individuels : illustrations par l'usage de la notion d'événement dans les modèles reliant divorce et offre de travail ». Nancy 2, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc418/2004NAN20014.pdf.
Texte intégralSavard, Luc. « Analyse de la pauvreté et distribution de revenus dans le cadre de la modélisation en équilibre général calculable ». Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0092.
Texte intégralOver the last ten years, economists have proposed macro-micro modelling approaches to analyse the impact of economic policy reforms on poverty and income distribution. In this thesis, we propose an alternative general equilibrium approach that builds on the integrated multi-households and sequential micro simulation models. The approach is both flexible and rich and explicitly takes into account the feedback effects generated at the micro household level. A comparative analysis with the representative household approach revealed the importance of endogenizing the income distribution. The introduction of a flexible form for consumption has generated strong effects on poverty and inequality indices. Finally the non linear labour supply has shown the flexibility of the approach. Hence, the approach offers a rich and flexible alternative to researchers interested by impact analysis of macroeconomic reforms on poor households
Sauze, Damien. « Le recours aux contrats de travail à durée déterminée en France : Une analyse sur données d'entreprises (1985-2000) ». Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00134594.
Texte intégralAfin d'explorer les pratiques de recours des entreprises sur la période récente et face au manque de données directement disponibles, nous avons construit une base de données inédite qui renseigne sur les stocks de CDD par entreprises. Une première exploration de cette base fait apparaître d'une part l'absence de caractère cyclique du recours aux CDD pour deux tiers des entreprises, d'autre part la réduction au fil du temps du rôle d'intégration à l'entreprise que peuvent jouer les CDD, à partir de l'examen des durées des contrats et des taux de conversion de CDD en CDI.
D'un point de vue théorique, nous confrontons la représentation dominante mentionnée ci-dessus et privilégiée par le courant néoclassique à d'autres conceptions qui font du recours aux CDD une dimension d'une stratégie de gestion de la main-d'œuvre peu soucieuse de la fidélisation des salariés.
Les tests économétriques aboutissent à la remise en cause de la thèse du besoin d'ajustement. La représentation du recours aux CDD comme dimension d'une stratégie structurelle de gestion de la main-d'œuvre recueille plus d'éléments favorables.