Articles de revues : « Analogical Model »

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Okubo, Yoshiaki, et Makoto Haraguchi. « Attacking Legal Argument by Pointing Out the Incoherence of Interpretation of Statute ». Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 1, n^o 2 (20 décembre 1997) : 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.1997.p0104.

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This paper presents a computational model for attacking legal arguments. Assume that, for a case with which we are concerned, an opponent side has constructed a legal argument based on analogical interpretation of a statute. In our model, the argument is attacked by pointing out the incoherence of the analogical interpretation of the statute. To examine such incoherence, we create a hypothetical case C' that is similar to the case in question, with the help of a Goal-Dependent Abstraction framework. Intuitively speaking, we create C' based on a similarity that is consistent with the similarity based on which the opponent's analogical interpretation has been made. Therefore, we can reasonably consider from the viewpoint of legal stability that the statute should be analogically interpreted to apply it to C' if we accept the opponent's interpretation. The incoherence of the analogical interpretation can be examined by finding a precedent in which the statute has been applied to C' based on complete interpretation. It should be noted that a legal argument based on complete interpretation of the statute has a conclusion that is opposite to that of the argument based on analogical interpretation. Therefore, if we find such a precedent, we attack the opponent's argument by pointing out the incoherence of interpretation of the statute and presenting a counterargument having the opposite conclusion.

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Li, Bo, et Qinping Zhao. « A computational model of analogical reasoning ». Science in China Series E : Technological Sciences 40, n^o 2 (avril 1997) : 214–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02916955.

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Kristayulita, K. « Indirect Analogical Reasoning Components ». Malikussaleh Journal of Mathematics Learning (MJML) 4, n^o 1 (30 mai 2021) : 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/mjml.v4i1.2939.

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If using different instruments obtained a different analogical reasoning component. With use people-piece analogies, verbal analogies, and geometric analogies, have analogical reasoning component consists of encoding, inferring, mapping, and application. Meanwhile, with use analogical problems (algebra, source problem and target problem is equal), have analogical reasoning components consist of structuring, mapping, applying, and verifying. The instrument used was analogical problems consisting of two problems where the source problem was symbolic quadratic equation problem and the target problems were trigonometric equation problem and a word problem. This study aims to provide information analogical reasoning process in solving indirect analogical problems. in addition, to identify the analogical reasoning components in solving indirect analogical problems. Using a qualitative design approach, the study was conducted at two schools in Mataram city of Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia. The results of the study provide an overview of analogical reasoning of the students in solving indirect analogical problems and there is a component the representation and mathematical model in solving indirect analogical problems. So the analogical reasoning component in solving indirect analogical problems is the representation and mathematical modeling, structuring, mapping, applying, and verifying. This means that there are additional components of analogical reasoning developed by Ruppert. Analogical reasoning components in problem-solving depend on the analogical problem is given.

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Pohar, Borut. « The Analogical Model of Cognitive Principles and Its Significance for the Dialogue between Science and Theology ». Religions 12, n^o 4 (25 mars 2021) : 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12040230.

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Analogical models in science enable us to understand unobservable theoretical entities. We need this basic understanding, even in the case of mental phenomena, where multiple cognitive principles are involved. In this article, we suggest an analogical model of cognition that incorporates basic insights from the philosophies of science and theology, which could serve as a point of contact for the dialogue between science and theology. For this purpose, we presuppose six stages of understanding and the existence of six different theoretical cognitive principles that have their own characteristics, which coincide with some Biblical characters, theological reflections and scientific approaches to finding the truth. The choice of the analogical model and the cognitive principles is justified with their ability to organize, structure and make sense of different segments of scientific and theological knowledge, which otherwise seem confused, unrelated and without structure. The analogical model gives us a big picture of their relations and confirms the ability of the observable macroworld and phenomenological experience to assist us in understanding the realities that, at first sight, seem incomprehensible.

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Voskoglou, Michael Gr. « A Fuzzy Model For Analogical Problem Solving ». International Journal of Fuzzy Logic Systems 2, n^o 1 (31 janvier 2012) : 11–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijfls.2012.2101.

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White, Gladys B. « Analogical Power and Aristotle's Model of Persuasion ». American Journal of Bioethics 6, n^o 6 (décembre 2006) : 67–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265160600939177.

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Chandler, Steve. « Predicting Naming Latencies with an Analogical Model ». Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 37, n^o 4 (15 mars 2008) : 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10936-008-9070-6.

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Nuridddinovich, Mirzoyev Narzullo. « Analogical Model Development Methodology For Mathematical Modeling Of Energy Efficiency Control System ». American Journal of Engineering And Techonology 02, n^o 10 (31 octobre 2020) : 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajet/volume02issue10-10.

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Markman, Arthur B., et Jeffrey P. Laux. « Analogical inferences are central to analogy ». Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31, n^o 4 (29 juillet 2008) : 390–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x08004603.

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AbstractIt is important to take a developmental approach to the problem of analogy. One limitation of this approach, however, is that it does not deal with the complexity of making analogical inferences. There are a few key principles of analogical inference that are not well captured by the analogical relational priming (ARP) model.

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Saure, Heidi Iren, Nils-Erik Bomark et Monica Lian Svendsen. « Modeller i kjemiundervisning - et eksempel på hvordan de kan bidra til læring og feillæring ». Nordic Studies in Science Education 17, n^o 2 (28 avril 2021) : 181–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/nordina.8363.

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We discuss the use of analogical models in science education using examples from online learning resources. We have conducted a teaching program for a group of 7th grade pupils and a group of science teacher students, and the main theme of this program is the use of models in chemistry. Specifically, we study the effect of an analogical model that is designed to promote understanding of the properties of molecules, related to a paper chromatography experiment. Our research indicates that analogical models can be a useful tool to convey understanding of abstract concepts and non-visible phenomena, but they hold serious pitfalls that can lead to misunderstandings amongst students if not used in a proper manner. These findings are in line with other studies. Our data indicate that respondents` knowledge about molecular properties may have increased after participating in this teaching program. However, both groups of respondents consistently used wrong properties to explain the paper chromatography experiment. Conversation transcripts and respondents` models indicate that these misconceptions are enhanced by the analogical model they were given to work with during the teaching program. Based on our findings, we give some advice for how to best present analogies in the classroom.

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Salgueiredo, Camila Freitas, et Armand Hatchuel. « Beyond analogy : A model of bioinspiration for creative design ». Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 30, n^o 2 (18 avril 2016) : 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060416000044.

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AbstractIs biologically inspired design only an analogical transfer from biology to engineering? Actually, nature does not always bring “hands-on” solutions that can be analogically applied in classic engineering. Then, what are the different operations that are involved in the bioinspiration process and what are the conditions allowing this process to produce a bioinspired design? In this paper, we model the whole design process in which bioinspiration is only one element. To build this model, we use a general design theory, concept–knowledge theory, because it allows one to capture analogy as well as all other knowledge changes that lead to the design of a bioinspired solution. We ground this model on well-described examples of biologically inspired designs available in the scientific literature. These examples include Flectofin®, a hingeless flapping mechanism conceived for façade shading, and WhalePower technology, the introduction of bumps on the leading edge of airfoils to improve aerodynamic properties. Our modeling disentangles the analogical aspects of the biologically inspired design process, and highlights the expansions occurring in both knowledge bases, scientific (nonbiological) and biological, as well as the impact of these expansions in the generation of new concepts (concept partitioning). This model also shows that bioinspired design requires a special form of collaboration between engineers and biologists. Contrasting with the classic one-way transfer between biology and engineering that is assumed in the literature, the concept–knowledge framework shows that these collaborations must be “mutually inspirational” because both biological and engineering knowledge expansions are needed to reach a novel solution.

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Hummel, John E., et Keith J. Holyoak. « Relational Reasoning in a Neurally Plausible Cognitive Architecture ». Current Directions in Psychological Science 14, n^o 3 (juin 2005) : 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00350.x.

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Human mental representations are both flexible and structured—properties that, together, present challenging design requirements for a model of human thinking. The Learning and Inference with Schemas and Analogies (LISA) model of analogical reasoning aims to achieve these properties within a neural network. The model represents both relations and objects as patterns of activation distributed over semantic units, integrating these representations into propositional structures using synchrony of firing. The resulting propositional structures serve as a natural basis for memory retrieval, analogical mapping, analogical inference, and schema induction. The model also provides an a priori account of the limitations of human working memory and can simulate the effects of various kinds of brain damage on thinking.

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Fam, Rashel, et Yves Lepage. « A Study of Analogical Density in Various Corpora at Various Granularity ». Information 12, n^o 8 (5 août 2021) : 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12080314.

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In this paper, we inspect the theoretical problem of counting the number of analogies between sentences contained in a text. Based on this, we measure the analogical density of the text. We focus on analogy at the sentence level, based on the level of form rather than on the level of semantics. Experiments are carried on two different corpora in six European languages known to have various levels of morphological richness. Corpora are tokenised using several tokenisation schemes: character, sub-word and word. For the sub-word tokenisation scheme, we employ two popular sub-word models: unigram language model and byte-pair-encoding. The results show that the corpus with a higher Type-Token Ratio tends to have higher analogical density. We also observe that masking the tokens based on their frequency helps to increase the analogical density. As for the tokenisation scheme, the results show that analogical density decreases from the character to word. However, this is not true when tokens are masked based on their frequencies. We find that tokenising the sentences using sub-word models and masking the least frequent tokens increase analogical density.

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Lv, Xue, Li Li, Liping Guo, Ting He et Sirui Liu. « Game-Based Formative Assessment of Analogical Reasoning in Preschool Children : Support from the Internet of Things Technology ». Sustainability 14, n^o 21 (25 octobre 2022) : 13830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142113830.

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Emerging information technology such as Internet of Things (IoT) has been continuously applied and deepened in the field of education, and the learning analytics technology based on children’s games is gradually moving toward practical application research, but there are few empirical studies on the micro level of emerging information technology and learning analytics methods in the evaluation of young children’s learning process and learning effects. As the research content, the study examines preschool children’s analogical reasoning abilities, reflecting their thinking levels and processing abilities. Using a decision tree model in learning analytics, the process data and result data of children’s analogical reasoning games based on Internet of Things technology are analyzed, and the classification model of preschool children’s analogical reasoning is constructed. The study found that the learning analysis of analogical reasoning based on games mediated by IoT technology is feasible and effective.

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Spanoudakis, George. « Analogical reuse of requirements specifications : A computational model ». Applied Artificial Intelligence 10, n^o 4 (août 1996) : 281–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/088395196118515.

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Cambria, Erik, Paolo Gastaldo, Federica Bisio et Rodolfo Zunino. « An ELM-based model for affective analogical reasoning ». Neurocomputing 149 (février 2015) : 443–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2014.01.064.

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Mascarenhas, Oswald A., Ram Kesavan et Michael Bernacchi. « Global marketing of lifesaving drugs : an analogical model ». Journal of Consumer Marketing 22, n^o 7 (décembre 2005) : 404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07363760510631147.

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Jehiel, Philippe, et Larry Samuelson. « Reputation with Analogical Reasoning* ». Quarterly Journal of Economics 127, n^o 4 (1 novembre 2012) : 1927–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjs031.

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Abstract We consider a repeated interaction between a long-run player and a sequence of short-run players, in which the long-run player may either be rational or may be a mechanical type who plays the same (possibly mixed) action in every stage game. We depart from the classical model in assuming that the short-run players make inferences by analogical reasoning, meaning that they correctly identify the average strategy of each type of long-run player, but do not recognize how this play varies across histories. Concentrating on 2 × 2 games, we provide a characterization of equilibrium payoffs, establishing a payoff bound for the rational long-run player that can be strictly larger than the familiar “Stackelberg” bound. We also provide a characterization of equilibrium behavior, showing that play begins with either a reputation-building or a reputation-spending stage (depending on parameters), followed by a reputation-manipulation stage.

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CHANDLER, STEVE. « The analogical modeling of linguistic categories ». Language and Cognition 9, n^o 1 (27 octobre 2015) : 52–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2015.24.

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abstractIn recent years proponents of usage-based linguistics have singled out ‘categorization’ as possibly the fundamental cognitive operation underlying the acquisition and use of language. Despite this increasing appeal to the importance of categorization, few researchers have yet offered explicit interpretations of how linguistic categories might be represented in the brain other than vague allusions to prototype theory, especially as implemented in connectionist-like frameworks. In this paper, I discuss in some detail the implications of superimposing the theoretical representations of linguistic structures onto domain-general models of categorization. I first review the evidence that instance-based, or exemplar-based, models of categorization provide empirically and theoretically better models of both domain-general categorization and of linguistic categorization than do the most commonly cited alternative models. I then argue that of the three exemplar-based models currently being applied to linguistic data, Skousen’s Analogical Model (AM) appears to provide the simplest, most straightforward account of the data and that it appears to be fully compatible with our current understanding of the psychological capabilities and operations that underlie categorization behavior.

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Schwartz, Ruth, et Frederic Murphy. « Organizing a Model Base of Linear Programming Models Using Analogical Processes ». Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance & ; Management 5, n^o 4 (décembre 1996) : 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1174(199612)5:4<217 ::aid-isaf111>3.0.co;2-9.

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Mattiello, Elisa, et Wolfgang U. Dressler. « The Morphosemantic Transparency/Opacity of Novel English Analogical Compounds and Compound Families ». Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 53, n^o 1 (1 mars 2018) : 67–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/stap-2018-0004.

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Abstract This study deals with novel English analogical compounds, i.e. compounds obtained via either a unique model (e.g. beefcake after cheesecake) or a schema model: e.g., green-collar based on white-collar, blue-collar, pink-collar, and other X-collar compounds. The study aims, first, to inspect whether novel analogical compounds maintain the same degree of morphosemantic transparency/opacity as their models, and, second, to find out the role played by the compound constituents in the constitution of compound families, such as X-collar and others. To these aims, the study proposes a scale of morphosemantic transparency/opacity for the analysis of compound constituents. In particular, the compound constituents in our database (115 examples) are analysed in connection with: 1) their degree of transparency (vs. opacity, including metaphorical/metonymic meaning), linked to their semantic contribution in the construction of the whole compound’s meaning, and 2) their part-of-speech. Against the common assumption that productive word-formation rules mostly create morphosemantically transparent new words, or that rule productivity is closely connected with transparency, the study of our database demonstrates that novel analogical compounds tend to maintain the same transparency/opacity degree as their models. It also shows that, in nuclear families and subfamilies of compounds, the part-of-speech of the constituents, their degree of transparency/opacity, and their semantic relation are reproduced in all members of the analogical set.

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Liu, Hongwei, Yan Li, Jian Chen, Ye Tao et Wenhan Xia. « A structure mapping–based representation of knowledge transfer in conceptual design process ». Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B : Journal of Engineering Manufacture 234, n^o 3 (29 octobre 2019) : 400–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405419883070.

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By the knowledge transferring in different areas, analogical design has been considered as a powerful approach to promote the generation of novel ideas in product conceptual design. An efficient representation scheme for design knowledge is vital to implement analogical transferring. In this article, inspired from the structure mapping mechanism of analogical reasoning, a structure mapping–based representation was proposed to support designers to search and use design analogies. This representation can provide designers with insights into the structural information of knowledge situations, and consequently designers are able to implement the corresponding design analogy search at the level of the structural similarity, rather than the functional or superficial similarity. Based on this new representation scheme, a structure mapping–based analogical design framework was developed. In this framework, patents are used as the source of analogical knowledge, and the relational structure–based representation for the patent knowledge is created using the advanced natural language processing tools/algorithms. Next, the search of design analogies is implemented by means of the vector space model, and a new structure mapping–based concept generation model can finally guide the designers to use design analogies. An industrial case and a compared experiment were carried out to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed framework.

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Rigoni, Adam. « AA-RM WRESTLING : COMPARING ANALOGICAL APPROACHES AND RULE MODELS FOR LEGAL REASONING ». Legal Theory 27, n^o 3 (septembre 2021) : 207–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135232522100015x.

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ABSTRACTLegal reasoning is commonly thought of as being based on either rules or analogies. More specifically, there is ongoing debate regarding whether precedential reasoning is best characterized as rule-based or analogical. This article continues that work by comparing recent and representative approaches from each camp, namely, Stevens's analogical model and the “rule-based” model of Horty and Rigoni. In the course of the comparison improvements on each approach are suggested and the improved models serve as the basis for the ultimate evaluation. The evaluation demonstrates that the “best” approach depends on the goals one has in theorizing legal reasoning as well as the jurisprudential assumptions one is willing to make.

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Stahl, Ann Brower. « Concepts of Time and Approaches to Analogical Reasoning in Historical Perspective ». American Antiquity 58, n^o 2 (avril 1993) : 235–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281967.

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Analogy is fundamentally important to archaeological inquiry, yet archaeologists remain profoundly ambivalent about its use. In this paper I address issues of how we develop and subsequently apply analogical models. Selecting an analogue requires that we have some implicit or explicit sense of its relevance to the case at hand. In the past, archaeologists often assumed that principles of relevance implied extensive similarities between the ethnographic and archaeological contexts and diverted attention away from the need to compare the analogical model with the archaeological context. In the first part of the paper, which is historically oriented, I examine the role that concepts of time (e.g., stone age, traditional, modern) have played in selecting relevant analogues. Fabian's critique of how anthropologists have used time to distance contemporary peoples guides this inquiry. In the remainder of the paper I explore the implications of recent historical-anthropological studies that document tremendous changes that resulted from European contact; this literature challenges archaeologists to develop more critical approaches to the use of so-called traditional societies as analogical models. In the final sections of the paper I explore the need for enhanced source-side criticism in developing relevant analogues, and advocate a comparative approach to the application of analogical models.

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Feldbacher-Escamilla, Christian J., et Alexander Gebharter. « Confirmation Based on Analogical Inference : Bayes Meets Jeffrey ». Canadian Journal of Philosophy 50, n^o 2 (20 novembre 2019) : 174–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/can.2019.18.

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AbstractCertain hypotheses cannot be directly confirmed for theoretical, practical, or moral reasons. For some of these hypotheses, however, there might be a workaround: confirmation based on analogical reasoning. In this paper we take up Dardashti, Hartmann, Thébault, and Winsberg’s (2019) idea of analyzing confirmation based on analogical inference Bayesian style. We identify three types of confirmation by analogy and show that Dardashti et al.’s approach can cover two of them. We then highlight possible problems with their model as a general approach to analogical inference and argue that these problems can be avoided by supplementing Bayesian update with Jeffrey conditionalization.

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Dierbach, Charles, et Daniel L. Chester. « Abstractional Concept Mapping : A Foundational Model for Analogical Reasoning ». Computational Intelligence 13, n^o 1 (février 1997) : 32–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0824-7935.00028.

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Klenk, Matthew, et Ken Forbus. « Analogical model formulation for transfer learning in AP Physics ». Artificial Intelligence 173, n^o 18 (décembre 2009) : 1615–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2009.09.003.

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Cabanes-Gumbau, Soto-Peñaloza, Peñarrocha-Diago et Peñarrocha-Diago. « Analogical and Digital Workflow in the Design and Preparation of the Emergence Profile of Biologically Oriented Preparation Technique (BOPT) Crowns over Implants in the Working Model ». Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, n^o 9 (12 septembre 2019) : 1452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8091452.

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: The Biologically Oriented Preparation Technique (BOPT), developed by Ignacio Loi and published in 2008, is a consolidated concept in the modeling and preservation of pericoronal soft tissues. The present study describes the analogical and digital methods allowing adequate design and preparation of the emergence profile of BOPT crowns in the working model, with a view to comparing the workflow and advantages of each method. At present, not all the digital procedures have been fully optimized to completely replace the traditional analogical methods. Nevertheless, it is only a matter of time until dental digitalization technology totally replaces the analogical clinical methods. The digital workflow for this procedure is quickly implemented and optimized, and represents the most realistic option, with possibilities for further development in the immediate future.

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Wang, Shyue-Liang, Tzung-Pei Hong et Wen-Yang Lin. « Answering Null Queries by Analogical Reasoning on Similarity-based Fuzzy Relational Databases ». Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 5, n^o 3 (20 mai 2001) : 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2001.p0163.

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We present here a method of using analogical reasoning to infer approximate answers for null queries on similarity-based fuzzy relational databases. Null queries are queries that elicit a null answer from a database. Analogical reasoning assumes that if two situations are known to be similar in some respects, it is likely that they will be similar in others. Application of analogical reasoning to infer approximate answers for null queries using fuzzy functional dependency and fuzzy equality relation on possibility-based fuzzy relational database has been studied. However, the problem of inferring approximate answers has not been fully explored on the similarity-based fuzzy relational data model. In this work, we introduce the concept of approximate dependency and define a similarity measure on the similaritybased fuzzy model, as extensions to the fuzzy functional dependency and fuzzy equality relation respectively. Under the framework of reasoning by analogy, our method provides a flexible query answering mechanism for null queries on the similarity-based fuzzy relational data model.

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Araj, Houda. « Integration of an Analogical Reasoning Model in a Model of Case Resolution ». KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION 23, n^o 3 (1996) : 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-1996-3-130.

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Solehah, Mar'atus, et Masriyah Masriyah. « PROFILE OF STUDENTS’ ANALOGICAL REASONING IN SOLVING MATHEMATICS PROBLEMS : A STUDY BASED ON SELF-REGULATED LEARNING ». MATHEdunesa 10, n^o 2 (16 juin 2021) : 220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/mathedunesa.v10n2.p220-229.

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Analogical reasoning is an important ability for students related to reasoning activities by thinking carefully about the regularity of patterns found in mathematics. One of the factors that influence analogical reasoning is self-regulated learning, which shows the ability of the student to analyze, take strategies, and the ability to control their learning environment. This research aims to describe students’ analogical reasoning in solving mathematics problems based on self-regulated learning. The subjects were one student with low self-regulated learning and one student with high self-regulated learning. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, and data were obtained through analogical problem-solving tests and interviews. Subjects were chosen based on the questionnaire instruments’ categorization regarding the student's self-regulated learning and the mathematical ability test instruments. The results of this study were (1) Analogical reasoning of a student with low self-regulated learning: passed through the stages of structuring, mapping, and applying. At the structuring, the student identified all the information completely, but did not understand the problem correctly and could found the relationship between the source problem and the target problem. At the mapping stage, the mapping process only appears in the student’s mind. At the applying stage, not completely mentioned all the possible solutions to the given problems. Meanwhile, (2) Analogical reasoning of a student with high self-regulated learning passed all the analogical reasoning stages of structuring, mapping, applying, and verifying. At the structuring, the student identified all the information completely and understand the problem. At the mapping stage, the student built a new mathematical model for the target problem. At the applying, the student mentioned all the possible solutions correctly. And student did the verification. Keywords: analogical reasoning, self-regulated learning, problem-solving

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Morrison, Robert G., Daniel C. Krawczyk, Keith J. Holyoak, John E. Hummel, Tiffany W. Chow, Bruce L. Miller et Barbara J. Knowlton. « A Neurocomputational Model of Analogical Reasoning and its Breakdown in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration ». Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 16, n^o 2 (mars 2004) : 260–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892904322984553.

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Analogy is important for learning and discovery and is considered a core component of intelligence. We present a computational account of analogical reasoning that is compatible with data we have collected from patients with cortical degeneration of either their frontal or anterior temporal cortices due to frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). These two patient groups showed different deficits in picture and verbal analogies: frontal lobe FTLD patients tended to make errors due to impairments in working memory and inhibitory abilities, whereas temporal lobe FTLD patients tended to make errors due to semantic memory loss. Using the “Learning and Inference with Schemas and Analogies” model, we provide a specific account of how such deficits may arise within neural networks supporting analogical problem solving.

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Juthe, Andre. « Analogical Argument Schemes and Complex Argument Structure ». Informal Logic 35, n^o 3 (2 septembre 2015) : 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/il.v35i3.4211.

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This paper addresses several issues in argumentation theory. The over-arching goal is to discuss how a theory of analogical argument schemes fits the pragma-dialectical theory of argument schemes and argument structures, and how one should properly reconstruct both single and complex argumentation by analogy. I also propose a unified model that explains how formal valid deductive argumentation relates to argument schemes in general and to analogical argument schemes in particular. The model suggests “scheme-specific-validity” i.e. that there are contrasting species of validity for each type of argument scheme that derive from one generic conception of validity.

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Friedman, Scott, et Kenneth Forbus. « An Integrated Systems Approach to Explanation-Based Conceptual Change ». Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 24, n^o 1 (5 juillet 2010) : 1523–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v24i1.7572.

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Understanding conceptual change is an important problem in modeling human cognition and in making integrated AI systems that can learn autonomously. This paper describes a model of explanation-based conceptual change, integrating sketch understanding, analogical processing, qualitative models, truth-maintenance, and heuristic-based reasoning within the Companions cognitive architecture. Sketch understanding is used to automatically encode stimuli in the form of comic strips. Qualitative models and conceptual quantities are constructed for new phenomena via analogical reasoning and heuristics. Truth-maintenance is used to integrate conceptual and episodic knowledge into explanations, and heuristics are used to modify existing conceptual knowledge in order to produce better explanations. We simulate the learning and revision of the concept of force, testing the concepts learned via a questionnaire of sketches given to students, showing that our model follows a similar learning trajectory.

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Bechet, J., J. Duc, M. Jaboyedoff, A. Loye et N. Mathys. « Technical Note : Erosion processes in black-marls at the millimetre scale, the input of an analogical model ». Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, n^o 2 (21 février 2014) : 2263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-2263-2014.

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Abstract. An analogical model of badland soil has been created in the aim to study the erosion process at the millimetric scale when exposed to rainfall. The analogical model is composed of a sample of black-marls soil, coming from a badlands area of southern of France. It is holding in a 0.5 m2 metal case. For the experiment the model has been exposed to a natural rainfall with an angle of 45°. It was monitored by a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS). This experiment allowed identifying several processes as micro-landslides, swelling of the clay content in the black-marls, the compression and creeping of the ground. All these processes have been studied and identified at the millimetre scale.

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Eliasmith, Chris, et Paul Thagard. « Integrating structure and meaning : a distributed model of analogical mapping ». Cognitive Science 25, n^o 2 (mars 2001) : 245–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog2502_3.

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Casans-Francés, R., A. T. Roberto-Alcácer, T. A. Martínez-Mejía et M. A. Gómez-Ríos. « Model of conversion of analogical fibroscope to digital wireless fibroscope ». Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (English Edition) 66, n^o 4 (avril 2019) : 235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.redare.2018.12.006.

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Jia, Lizhen, Qingjin Peng, Runhua Tan et Xuehong Zhu. « Analogical stimuli retrieval approach based on R-SBF ontology model ». Journal of Engineering Design 30, n^o 10-12 (18 juillet 2019) : 599–624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09544828.2019.1643830.

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Yi, Ping, Wuqiang Long et Ming Jia. « An analogical multi-component vaporization model for single diesel droplets ». International Journal of Thermal Sciences 127 (mai 2018) : 158–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2018.01.014.

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Liang, Ting-Peng. « Analogical reasoning and case-based learning in model management systems ». Decision Support Systems 10, n^o 2 (septembre 1993) : 137–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-9236(93)90035-2.

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Nag, Barin N., et H. Harry Zhou. « ARMMS : Analogical reasoning model management system for multicriteria vehicle scheduling ». Annals of Operations Research 38, n^o 1 (décembre 1992) : 421–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02283660.

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Reyes, George. « ANALOGIA E HERMENÊUTICA : EM BUSCA DE UMA EPISTEMOLOGIA ANALÓGICA PARA O TEXTO NARRATIVO BÍBLICO E SUA TEOLOGIA ». Perspectiva Teológica 43, n^o 120 (24 octobre 2011) : 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.20911/21768757v43n120p227/2011.

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A pesquisa e a aplicação do modelo analógico ao texto narrativo bíblico pode ajudar a hermenêutica bíblica não só a beneficiar-se da melhor contribuição das tendências epistemológicas modernas e pós-modernas, mas também a evitar a dura univocidade objetivista da primeira e a dura equivocidade subjetivista da segunda tendência. A principal razão é que esse modelo analógico procura colocarse prudentemente entre essas duas tendências, sem predominância de nenhuma delas.ABSTRACT: The research and application of the analogical model to the biblical narrative text can help biblical hermeneutics not only to benefit from the best contribution of modern and postmodern epistemological tendencies, but also to avoid the hard objectivist univocality of the first and the hard subjectivist equivocality of the second trend. The main reason is that this analogical model seeks to place itself prudentially between these two tendencies, without predominance of any of them.

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Barbella, David, et Kenneth Forbus. « Analogical Dialogue Acts : Supporting Learning by Reading Analogies in Instructional Texts ». Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 25, n^o 1 (4 août 2011) : 1429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v25i1.7835.

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Analogy is heavily used in instructional texts. We introduce the concept of analogical dialogue acts (ADAs), which represent the roles utterances play in instructional analogies. We describe a catalog of such acts, based on ideas from structure-mapping theory. We focus on the operations that these acts lead to while understanding instructional texts, using the Structure-Mapping Engine (SME) and dynamic case construction in a computational model. We test this model on a small corpus of instructional analogies expressed in simplified English, which were understood via a semi-automatic natural language system using analogical dialogue acts. The model enabled a system to answer questions after understanding the analogies that it was not able to answer without them.

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Cambraia Franco, Gustavo. « O ‘Espelho dos Santos’ : analogias da Virgem Maria nos sermões de São Vicente Ferrer (1350-1419) ». SCRIPTA. Revista Internacional de Literatura i Cultura Medieval i Moderna 10 (6 décembre 2017) : 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/scripta.10.11073.

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Resumo: Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar um estudo sobre a exegese bíblica e doutrinária que o frei valenciano tardo-medieval São Vicente Ferrer faz sobre o tema da mariologia. Baseado no caudal da multissecular tradição teológica e literária patrístico-escolástica, na vertente do pensamento analógico e em uma cosmovisão especular e simbólica, o pregador apresenta em seus sermões uma extensa série de analogias, metáforas, alegorias e tipologias bíblicas mediante as quais enaltece a figura da Virgem Maria, e define seu significado como a personagem sagrada universal de devoção na Idade Média. Palavras-chave: São Vicente Ferrer, mariologia, pensamento analógico, exegese bíblica medieval Abstract: This article aims to present a study on the biblical and doctrinal exegesis that late medieval Valencian Dominican friar Saint Vincent Ferrer does on the subject of mariology. Based on the flow of the multisecular theological and literary patristic-scholastic tradition, on the strand of analogical thought and on a specular and symbolic worldview, the preacher presents in his sermons an extensive series of analogies, metaphors, allegories and biblical typologies by which he exalts the figure of the Virgin Mary, and defines its meaning as icon and universal hagiographic model of the Middle Ages. Keywords: Saint Vincent Ferrer, mariology, analogical thinking, medieval biblical exegesis

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Steinhart, Eric. « Beyond proportional analogy ». Pragmatics and Cognition 2, n^o 1 (1 janvier 1994) : 95–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.2.1.04ste.

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A model of analogical mapping is proposed that uses five principles to generate consistent and conflicting hypotheses regarding assignments of elements of a source domain to analogous elements of a target domain. The principles follow the fine conceptual structure of the domains. The principles are: (1) the principle of proportional analogy; (2) the principle of mereological analogy, (3) the principle of chain reinforcement; (4) the principle of transitive reinforcement; and (5) the principle of mutual inconsistency. A constraint-satisfaction network is used to find the set of assignments that preserves the greatest relational structure of the source. In contrast to the model proposed here, most models of analogical mapping use only the principle of proportional analogy. The use of many principles is shown to be superior in that it permits smoother integration of pragmatic factors and results in a more efficient mapping process.

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Sari, D. K., S. Supahar et U. Ralmugiz. « The Influence of Android-Based Isomorphic Physics (Forfis) Application on Analogical Transfer and Self-Diagnosis Skill of Students at SMA Negeri 3 Kupang ». Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia 7, n^o 2 (16 juillet 2018) : 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v7i2.14268.

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This research intended to understand the effect of Isomorphic Physics (FORFIS) application to the analogical transfer and self-diagnosis skill of high school students. The use of Android applications in physics learning has given a considerable influence in improving the various abilities of learners. However, no one has measured the influence of the Android application on the analogical transfer and self-diagnosis skill of students, especially in physics subject. This research type was experimental research of pre-test post-test control group design. The subjects involved in this research were 1 physics teacher and 87 students of SMA Negeri 3 Kupang; 28 students in the experimental class I (G1), 35 students in the experimental class II (G2), and 24 students in the experimental class III (G3). The data obtained were analyzed using the ANOVA Mixed Design method in combination with General Linear Model. The results of the analysis show that the FORFIS application could improve 0.912 or 91.2% of the students’ analogical transfer and self-diagnosis skill. Therefore, the FORFIS application employed in physics learning had a great influence on the improvement of analogical transfer and self-diagnosis skill of high school students.

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Zhao, San Ping. « The Micro Fluidic Integrated Circuits Design Method based on the CAD System ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 66-68 (juillet 2011) : 1930–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.66-68.1930.

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In this study, SPICE program is applied to design micro fluidic circuits based on the analogical relationship with MOSFET models for the first time. A SPICE model of pneumatic-FET is established to express the behavior of them in micro fluidic circuits. Construction of pneumatic-FET model, its optimization, and effectiveness in circuit design and comparison are discussed in the later sections.

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Łukasik, Zbigniew, et Małgorzata Górska. « Probabilistic analysis of a virtual road traffic model ». AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, n^o 12 (31 décembre 2018) : 776–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.496.

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Based on the road infrastructure model developed in the publication [4], having data obtained from sources - observation points - in [6], and transferred thanks to telecommunications techniques analyzed in [8], it was possible to reflect traffic components and its monitoring on the examined virtual reality area. Using the simulation method, the problem of road traffic was transformed into the analogical problem of monitoring the trajectory in an computer model. This article considers the system's analytical layer.

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Yaner, Patrick W., et Ashok K. Goel. « Analogical recognition of shape and structure in design drawings ». Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 22, n^o 2 (2008) : 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060408000085.

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AbstractWe describe a method for constructing a structural model of an unlabeled target two-dimensional line drawing by analogy to a known source model of a drawing with similar structure. The source case is represented as a schema that contains its line drawing and its structural model represented at multiple levels of abstraction: the lines and intersections in the drawing, the shapes, the structural components, and connections of the device are depicted in the drawing. Given a target drawing and a relevant source case, our method of compositional analogy first constructs a representation of the lines and the intersections in the target drawing, then uses the mappings at the level of line intersections to transfer the shape representations from the source case to the target; next, it uses the mappings at the level of shapes to transfer the full structural model of the depicted system from the source to the target.

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Gong, Rui, Dengxin Dai, Yuhua Chen, Wen Li, Danda Pani Paudel et Luc Van Gool. « Analogical Image Translation for Fog Generation ». Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, n^o 2 (18 mai 2021) : 1433–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i2.16233.

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Image-to-image translation is to map images from a given style to another given style. While exceptionally successful, current methods assume the availability of training images in both source and target domains, which does not always hold in practice. Inspired by humans' reasoning capability of analogy, we propose analogical image translation (AIT) that exploit the concept of gist, for the first time. Given images of two styles in the source domain: A and A', along with images B of the first style in the target domain, learn a model to translate B to B' in the target domain, such that A:A' :: B:B'. AIT is especially useful for translation scenarios in which training data of one style is hard to obtain but training data of the same two styles in another domain is available. For instance, in the case from normal conditions to extreme, rare conditions, obtaining real training images for the latter case is challenging. However, obtaining synthetic data for both cases is relatively easy. In this work, we aim at adding adverse weather effects, more specifically fog, to images taken in clear weather. To circumvent the challenge of collecting real foggy images, AIT learns the gist of translating synthetic clear-weather to foggy images, followed by adding fog effects onto real clear-weather images, without ever seeing any real foggy image. AIT achieves zero-shot image translation capability, whose effectiveness and benefit are demonstrated by the downstream task of semantic foggy scene understanding.

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