Livres : « Analisi implicita »

1

L' implicite. Paris : A. Colin, 1986.

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A, Caughey D., Chima Rodrick V et United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., dir. A diagonally inverted LU implicit multigrid scheme. [Washington, D.C.] : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1988.

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3

Dingli, Alexiei. Knowledge Annotation : Making Implicit Knowledge Explicit. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.

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4

Krantz, Steven G. The Implicit Function Theorem : History, Theory, and Applications. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2013.

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5

1935-, Rockafellar R. Tyrrell, et SpringerLink (Online service), dir. Implicit functions and solution mappings : A view from variational analysis. Dordrecht : Springer, 2009.

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6

A, Crivelli Luis, Roux F. X et United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., dir. A transient FETI methodology for large-scale parallel implicit computations in structural mechanics. Boulder, Colo : Center for Space Structures and Controls, College of Engineering, University of Colorado, 1992.

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7

Yann, Schorderet, dir. Market risk management for hedge funds : Foundations of the style and implicit value-at-risk. John Wiley & Sons : Chichester, West Sussex, England ; Hoboken, NJ, 2008.

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8

Lassaline, Jason V. A Navier-Stokes equation solver using agglomerated multigrid featuring directional coarsening and line-implicit smoothing. [Downsview, Ont.] : University of Toronto, Institute for Aerospace Studies, 2003.

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9

Mollo-Bouvier, Suzanne. La sélection implicite à l'école : Pratique du discours et discours de la pratique. Paris : Presses universitaires de France, 1986.

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Mollo-Bouvier, Suzanne. La sélection implicite à l'école : Pratiques du discours et discours de la pratique. Paris : Presses universitaires de France, 1986.

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11

Ken ding / fou ding pian zhang yin han qing gan qing xiang xing fen xi : Identification of positive/negative implicit sentiment at the document level. Zhengzhou : Henan da xue chu ban she, 2011.

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12

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., dir. [Massively parallel and scalable implicit time integration algorithms for structural dynamics] : RNR NAS, NASA Ames Research Center, grant NAG 2-827, final report - April 1997. [Washington, DC : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Duignan, Michael B., dir. Managing events, festivals and the visitor economy : concepts, collaborations and cases. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242843.0000.

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Abstract This book vast array of philosophical, political, cultural, and ethical perspectives on how best to organise the visitor economy. The book presents a series of international cases, from Cambodia to China, Egypt to the British cathedral city of Lincoln. Therefore, it, if not explicitly, implicitly intimates a view on 'how things are done' differently around the world and at various levels of analysis.

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Schneider, Jörg, et Ton Vrouwenvelder. Introduction to safety and reliability of structures. 3^e éd. Zurich, Switzerland : International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed005.

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Society expects that buildings and other structures are safe for the people who use them or who are near them. The failure of a building or structure is expected to be an extremely rare event. Thus, society implicitly relies on the expertise of the professionals involved in the planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance of the structures it uses.Structural engineers devote all their effort to meeting society’s expectations effi ciently. Engineers and scientists work together to develop solutions to structural problems. Given that nothing is absolutely and eternally safe, the goal is to attain an acceptably small probability of failure for a structure, a facility, or a situation. Reliability analysis is part of the science and practice of engineering today, not only with respect to the safety of structures, but also for questions of serviceability and other requirements of technical systems that might be impacted by some probability.The present volume takes a rather broad approach to safety and reliability in Structural Engineering. It treats the underlying concepts of safety, reliability and risk and introduces the reader in a ﬁ rst chapter to the main concepts and strategies for dealing with hazards. The next chapter is devoted to the processing of data into information that is relevant for applying reliability theory. Two following chapters deal with the modelling of structures and with methods of reliability analysis. Another chapter focuses on problems related to establishing target reliabilities, assessing existing structures, and on effective strategies against human error. The last chapter presents an outlook to more advanced applications. The Appendix supports the application of the methods proposed and refers readers to a number of related computer programs.This book is aimed at both students and practicing engineers. It presents the concepts and procedures of reliability analysis in a straightforward, understandable way, making use of simple examples, rather than extended theoretical discussion. It is hoped that this approach serves to advance the application of safety and reliability analysis in engineering practice.The book is amended with a free access to an educational version of a Variables Processor computer program. FreeVaP can be downloaded free of charge and supports the understanding of the subjects treated in this book.

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Spain) UIMP-RSME Lluis Santaló Summer (2012 Santander. Recent advances in real complexity and computation : UIMP-RSME Lluis A. Santaló Summer School, Recent advances in real complexity and computation, July 16-20, 2012, Universidad Internacional Menéndez Pelayo, Santander, Spain. Sous la direction de Montaña, Jose Luis, 1961- editor of compilation et Pardo, L. M. (Luis M.), editor of compilation. Providence, Rhode Island : American Mathematical Society, 2013.

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Dontchev, Asen L., et R. Tyrrell Rockafellar. Implicit Functions and Solution Mappings : A View from Variational Analysis. Springer London, Limited, 2014.

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Implicit Functions and Solution Mappings : A View from Variational Analysis. Springer, 2014.

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Dontchev, Asen L., et R. Tyrrell Rockafellar. Implicit Functions and Solution Mappings : A View from Variational Analysis. Springer New York, 2016.

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Implicit Function Theorem : History, Theory, and Applications. Birkhauser Verlag, 2012.

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Krantz, Steven G., et Harold R. Parks. The Implicit Function Theorem : History, Theory, and Applications. Birkhäuser, 2012.

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21

Composite grid and finite-volume LU implicit scheme for turbine flow analysis. [Washington, D.C.] : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987.

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Implicitly restarted Arnold/Lanczos methods for large scale eigenvalue calculations. Hampton, Va : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1996.

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23

A transient FETI methodology for large-scale parallel implicit computations in structural mechanics : Progress report, part II. Boulder, Colo : College of Engineering, University of Colorado, 1993.

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24

Stanghellini, Giovanni. The P.H.D. method. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198792062.003.0033.

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This chapter reports the main principles of the P.H.D. method:Phenomenological unfolding (P): unfolding means to open up and lay bare the pleats of the patient’s experiences. Unfolding enriches understanding by providing further resources in addition to those that are immediately visible. The main aim is to rescue the logos of the phenomena in themselves, the implicit, automatic, forgotten sources that make phenomena appear as they appear to the patient.Hermeneutic analysis of the person’s position-taking towards her experience (H): rescuing from the implicit the active role that the patient has in shaping her symptoms, helping her to recalibrate her miscarried position-taking and, finally, to recover her sense of responsibility and agency.Dynamic analysis of the life-history in which experiences and position-taking are embedded (D): making sense of a given phenomenon is finally to posit it in a meaningful context, and this context includes the personal history of the patient.

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Berg, Andrew, Tokhir Mirzoev, Rafael Portillo et Luis-Felipe Zanna. The Short-Run Macroeconomics of Aid Inflows. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785811.003.0012.

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The authors develop a tractable two-sector New Keynesian model to analyse the short-term effects of aid-financed fiscal expansions. The analysis distinguishes between spending the aid (increasing expenditures and/or cutting revenues) and absorbing the aid—using the aid to finance a higher current account deficit. The standard treatment of the transfer problem implicitly assumes spending equals absorption. Here, a policy mix that results in spending but not absorbing the aid, a common reaction, generates demand pressures and results in an increase in real interest rates. It can also lead to a temporary real depreciation. Certain features of low-income countries, such as limited domestic financial markets, make a real depreciation more likely. The analysis presented in the chapter can help understand the experience of Uganda in the early 2000s.

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Kharchenko, Sergey, Nikita Zhizhin et Dmitry Kucher. RISKS AND PROBLEMS OF 5G NETWORKS DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA. LCC MAKS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2574.978-5-317-06740-3.

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The authors describe the advantages and the adverse consequences of 5G networks development. They propose their own classification of the advantages, dividing them into explicit, implicit and hidden. The hidden advantages are determined to be decisive. Special attention is paid to the potential of 5G networks to provide police functions, in particular, to ensure all issues of total surveillance of any person. The risk-cost-benefit analysis is carried out, allowing us to draw conclusions about the justification for the 5G networks development. The analysis makes us doubt the justification of spending trillions of rubles for the development of 5G networks in the Russian Federation. The book is intended for specialists in the field of ecology, environmental protection and for students studying and specializing in these areas.

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Thurner, Paul W. Networks and European Union Politics. Sous la direction de Jennifer Nicoll Victor, Alexander H. Montgomery et Mark Lubell. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190228217.013.24.

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The European Union (EU) is a regional cooperation regime with a specific and still fluid governance structure. It constitutes the world’s largest and institutionally most deeply integrated system of international relations with supranational features. As a consequence, the literature on the EU often emphasizes informality, multilevel aspects, and its “network governance” character. Network analysis is therefore a promising perspective for the systematic investigation of complex networks of formalized actor relations as well as of informal and implicit political structures and processes in the EU. Applied network analysis is meanwhile used for the investigation of multi-level policy preparation, of collective decision-making in the political system in the EU, and of the implementation process of EU policies in the Member States.

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Goldman, Alan H. Representation in Art. Sous la direction de Jerrold Levinson. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199279456.003.0010.

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Of all the long-standing debates that raise doubts about progress in philosophy, that concerning the nature of representation in the arts stands out. For Plato's analysis, charitably interpreted and amplified, holds up remarkably well in the face of strong criticism earlier in this century and yet more recent revisions. And the question that he raised about the value of representation as he analysed it, while less prominent as a philosophical topic, proves still difficult to answer, although here it is much clearer that Plato is wrong in the negative answer he gave. At the centre of the former debate is the question whether representation depends essentially on resemblance, but this is just part of Plato's analysis, and the other parts, while only implicit, have been unduly neglected.

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Silberstein, Sandra. Maintaining “Good Guys” and “Bad Guys”. Sous la direction de James W. Tollefson et Miguel Pérez-Milans. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190458898.013.18.

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The ideological work of national media renders (inter)national crises intelligible, often without challenging systemic or institutional practices or the policy agenda of political elites. What becomes speakable and legible represents a form of language policy. This chapter explores the policies implicit in the virtually simultaneous media coverage of two international crises: the July 2014 downing of Malaysian Airlines Flight 17 over Ukraine and Israel’s “Operation Protective Edge” into Gaza. The analysis focuses on the intertexualities produced by US-based media and the ideological tensions and labor these occasioned, particularly the construction of “good guys” and “bad guys,” victims and villains, for a national and international audience.

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Stone, Adrienne, et Frederick Schauer, dir. The Oxford Handbook of Freedom of Speech. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198827580.001.0001.

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This book discusses freedom of speech, which is central to the liberal democratic tradition. Freedom of speech touches on every aspect of our social and political system and receives explicit and implicit protection in every modern democratic constitution. Moreover, it is frequently referred to in public discourse and has inspired a wealth of legal and philosophical literature. The book provides a critical analysis of the foundations, rationales, and ideas that underpin freedom of speech as a political idea, and as a principle of positive constitutional law. In doing so, it examines freedom of speech in a variety of national and supranational settings from an international perspective.

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Ramsay, Stephen. ’Patacomputing. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036415.003.0005.

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This chapter surveys some of the newer text-analytical tools—claiming them, unabashedly, as potential instruments of algorithmic criticism. It demonstrates that the degree to which the text-analysis systems WordHoard, Text Analysis Portal for Research (TAPoR), HyperPo, and MONK (Metadata Offer New Knowledge) show the way forward, they do so largely by embracing the contingencies that once threatened the discipline of rhetoric, but that, like rhetoric, may come to form the basis for new kinds of critical acts. In an age when the computer itself has gone from being a cold arbiter of numerical facts to being a platform for social networking and self-expression, one may well wonder whether those new kinds of critical acts are in fact already implicit in the many interfaces that seek only to facilitate thought, self-expression, and community.

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Bickford, Andrew. Demilitarization : Unraveling the Structures of Violence. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037894.003.0002.

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This chapter presents a case study regarding East Germany after reunification, and frames it in terms of a larger and interdisciplinary inquiry into what demilitarization is all about. Narrow conceptions of demilitarization that are centered solely on the destruction of weapons fetishize weapons, and these narrow views obscure analysis of the social relations and cultural constructions upon which militarization programs are dependent. Demilitarization implies a reversal of an implicit process or program—an unraveling—of ways of thinking and sensing that made a military solution thinkable and desirable. The chapter also looks at the salient foci of demilitarization at the “micro” level of everyday life and lived experience, and how states attempt to make certain kinds of citizens.

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Taylor, Helena. The Exile Writes Back. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796770.003.0005.

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This chapter focuses on the historiographical difficulties entailed in telling Ovid’s story. It analyses the entry on Ovid in Pierre Bayle’s biographical encyclopaedia, Dictionnaire historique et critique. Bayle surveys the historiographical tradition of the Lives of Ovid and, in line with the intentions of the Dictionnaire, which was initially conceived to reveal errors in scholarship, identifies the limitations of many of the sources. Through close reading, this chapter examines how Bayle reads Ovid, situating this within the hermeneutical debates about reading Bayle. Bayle’s analysis of Ovid’s elusive explanations for why he was exiled allows for a paradoxical demonstration of both the need for, and the limitations of, historical enquiry, illustrating the scepticism towards knowledge and authority implicit in the Dictionnaire as a whole.

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Taylor, Helena. Ovid and Historiography. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796770.003.0006.

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This chapter focuses on the historiographical difficulties entailed in telling Ovid’s story. It analyses the entry on Ovid in Pierre Bayle’s biographical encyclopaedia, Dictionnaire historique et critique. Bayle surveys the historiographical tradition of the Lives of Ovid and, in line with the intentions of the Dictionnaire, which was initially conceived to reveal errors in scholarship, identifies the limitations of many of the sources. Through close reading, this chapter examines how Bayle reads Ovid, situating this within the hermeneutical debates about reading Bayle. Bayle’s analysis of Ovid’s elusive explanations for why he was exiled allows for a paradoxical demonstration of both the need for, and the limitations of, historical enquiry, illustrating the scepticism towards knowledge and authority implicit in the Dictionnaire as a whole.

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Eisenberg, Melvin A. The Certainty Principle. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199731404.003.0018.

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Chapter 18 concerns the principle of contract law that damages must be proved with reasonable certainty. In practice this principle is usually applied to cut off profits that a promisee claims he would have made if the promisor had performed. Under classical contract law the degree of certainty required to prove lost profits was typically set at a high level and the use of probability-based analysis was explicitly or implicitly rejected. This approach is often referred to as the all-or-nothing rule. It is dramatically out of touch with the reality of probability and has begun to be less widely followed.

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Sartor, Giovanni. Human Rights and Information Technologies. Sous la direction de Roger Brownsword, Eloise Scotford et Karen Yeung. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199680832.013.79.

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The social changes brought about by the deployment of information technologies are wide-ranging and fundamental. A human rights analysis of such technologically driven changes shows how they implicate significant opportunities as well as risks. The chapter argues that human rights are a core aspect of regulating such technologies, particularly as human rights provide a unifying purposive perspective for diverse technologies and deployment contexts. To this end, the chapter examines how the opportunities and risks of information technologies affect and relate to the fundamental values of freedom, dignity, and equality, as well as specific human rights, such as privacy or freedom of expression.

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Giebler, Heiko. Not Second-Order, but Still Second-Rate ? Patterns of Electoral Behavior in German State Elections. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792130.003.0009.

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Looking at differences in electoral outcome in first- and second-order elections, there is only scant evidence that the second-order approach holds when translated to and tested on the micro level. We present a more nuanced framework that distinguishes between direct and indirect contextual effects as implicit elements of the original second-order approach. Applying our framework to Länder and federal elections in Germany, we show that electoral behavior does not differ—there is no direct effect of the second-order arena. However, the analysis makes a strong case for an indirect effect that refers to the importance of first-order factors for their second-order counterparts. The first-order arena strongly influences individuals’ perceptions of the second-order arena and this indeed speaks in favor of a substantively revised second-order approach.

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Roffey, Simon. The Medieval Afterlife. Sous la direction de Christopher Gerrard et Alejandra Gutiérrez. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744719.013.36.

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This chapter discusses the influence of medieval beliefs in the afterlife on church form and fabric, as well as the role of archaeology in articulating a more holistic approach to the surviving evidence. In particular, this study reassesses traditional art historical approaches in light of recent archaeological research. It considers the various theoretical approaches, such as spatial and view-shed analysis, which have provided a more interpretative and contextual framework for the investigation of medieval religion, particularly with regard to the importance of ‘seeing’ within church memorial and intercessory ritual. In particular, this paper examines the development of Purgatorial beliefs and the role of the chantry chapel and related memorial spaces in late medieval religious experience, as well as the crucial and implicit role of the laity in church memorial practice.

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Kauppi, Nikko. Transnational Social Fields. Sous la direction de Thomas Medvetz et Jeffrey J. Sallaz. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199357192.013.8.

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This chapter excavates Bourdieu’s theoretical insights concerning political sociology to develop a theory of transnational structuration processes. The early Bourdieu implicitly imagined the state as a nationally bounded actor. Only later in his career did he begin to grapple with issues such as globalization, transnationalism, and neoliberalism; and it is this later germ of ideas that this chapter develops. Transnational social fields, this chapter argues, are not reducible to institutional or organizational structures. They require a more holistic analysis of institutions and their underpinnings. To provide an example of how Bourdieu’s political sociology can be extended to transnational spaces, this chapter considers the case of the European Parliament.

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Lebaron, Frédéric, et Brigitte Le Roux. Bourdieu and Geometric Data Analysis. Sous la direction de Thomas Medvetz et Jeffrey J. Sallaz. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199357192.013.22.

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Chapter abstract The extent to which the concepts of field and social space are linked to a concrete mode of empirical research—and in particular to a set of original statistical tools—has seldom been acknowledged. This chapter aims to re-establish the close link between the field concept and geometric data analysis (GDA), Bourdieu’s preferred technique for mapping the “social distances” between individuals. The elective affinity between the two is based on a relation of tight interdependence: on the one hand, the emergent practice of GDA sustains and strengthens the “implicit philosophy” of the theory of fields; on the other hand, the method’s widespread use by Bourdieu and his collaborators has facilitated GDA’s international reception in the social sciences. The chapter concludes by discussing the empirical research program that results from wedding a sociology of fields with the systematic use of GDA.

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Sugden, Robert. The Inner Rational Agent. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825142.003.0004.

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Chapter 4 reviews ‘behavioural welfare economics’—the approach to normative analysis that is favoured by most behavioural economists. This approach assumes that people have context-independent ‘true’ or ‘latent’ preferences which, because of psychologically-induced errors, are not always revealed in actual choices. Behavioural welfare economics aims to reconstruct latent preferences by identifying and removing the effects of error on decisions, and to design policies to satisfy those preferences. Its implicit model of human agency is of an ‘inner rational agent’ that interacts with the world through an imperfect psychological ‘shell’. I argue that there is no satisfactory evidence to support this model, and no credible psychological foundation for it. Since the concept of true preference has no empirical content, the idea that such preferences can be reconstructed is a mirage. Normative economics needs to be more radical in giving up rationality assumptions.

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Shea, C. Michael. Promise and Peril. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802563.003.0004.

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This chapter undertakes a comparison of John Henry Newman’s reflections on faith and reason with those of his French contemporary, Louis Bautain, and the German writer, Georg Hermes. Both writers faced scrutiny from ecclesiastical authorities on the issue of faith and reason in the middle decades of the nineteenth century. The analysis shows that Newman shared affinities with both thinkers on the level of technical language and teachings regarding faith and reason. Newman’s view of implicit reason was at times strikingly similar to Bautain’s notion of raison, and Newman’s passing statements on proofs for the existence of God and use of Butler’s language of probability bore close and sometimes misleading resemblances to Hermes’s notion of Wahrscheinlichkeit. There were also key differences between Newman and these writers, which are shown in later chapters to have played a role in the early reception of the Essay on Development.

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Velleman, Leah, et David Beaver. Question-based Models of Information Structure. Sous la direction de Caroline Féry et Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.29.

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We present approaches to the semantics and pragmatics of information structure which centre on Questions Under Discussion (QUDs). Questions, explicit or implicit, are seen as structuring discourse, and information structural marking is seen as reflecting that underlying discourse structure. Our presentation of the model is largely cast in terms of extensions of Roberts’s (2012b) analysis, which is itself related to Rooth’s (1985/1992) Alternative Semantics and Hamblin’s (1973) approach to the semantics of questions. We present the model in terms of a range of constraints that relate information structure to discourse structure, notably constraints on the ‘Relevance’ of utterances, on the ‘Congruence’ of answers to questions, and on the ‘Availability’ of discourse antecedents. We discuss the application of the approach to the interpretation of focus and some cases of contrastive topics, to discourse structure, to the interpretation of focus sensitive operators, and to certain cases of presupposition projection.

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Schor, Paul. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199917853.003.0023.

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This concluding chapter summarizes key themes and presents some final thoughts. It argues that while this study takes up the last half-century only marginally, it should be read as an implicit comparison with the present, since reflection on racial and ethnic categories is so much a historical focus of today. In showing that a certain number of attributes of modernity can be traced back through archival evidence, this study tried at once to historicize the categories of today and show the contribution of an approach that, if it takes concepts as the main object of analysis, assumes empiricism as its principle, staying as close as possible to the past meaning of the concepts, when they were clear as well as when they were muddled. It argues in favor of a longue durée approach. It concludes that this history of categories is specifically American.

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Langdridge, Darren. Benevolent Heterosexism and the “Less-than-Queer” Citizen Subject. Sous la direction de Phillip L. Hammack. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199938735.013.21.

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This chapter explores the dangers of “benevolent heterosexism” through an analysis of the implicit assumptions underpinning research on sexual prejudice and “coming out.” Although there has been considerable progress in the West with regard to increasing rights for people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or queer (LGBQ), this progress has been predicated on an individualistic liberal model of politics that is not without cost; namely, the danger of a gradual and pernicious assimilation and the growth of a “less-than-queer” citizen subject. This new sexual subject is being produced in psychological research that is ostensibly about advancing social justice for people who are LGBQ, as well as within the broader social world. All psychologists that are interested in social justice need to allow space—and indeed, embrace—the “anti-social” queer in order to realize the justifiable anger needed to effect radical social change for sexual minorities.

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Vanderschraaf, Peter. A Limited Leviathan. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199832194.003.0006.

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The state social contract relationship between rulers and the ruled in civil society is fruitfully understood as a governing convention. This relationship is modeled with an indefinitely repeated Humean Sovereignty game, where subjects and their sovereign maintain a governing convention by respectively obeying and providing adequate government. The ruled and their rulers maintain an implicit contract that is self-enforcing rather than an explicit contract requiring third-party enforcement. This model is motivated by the Trust problem in game theory and dynamic programming models of employment search. The governing convention idea has roots in Hume’s discussions of government. The closely allied Leadership Selection problem has roots in Hobbes’ account of commonwealth by institution. Hobbes’ original analysis fails, but his general strategy of justifying government by identifying an isomorphism between an actual regime and the regime of hypothetical choice motivates justifying democratic government via the salience of a democratic leadership convention.

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Gow, James. The Essence of Strategy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190851163.003.0015.

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The theoretical element that runs through Freedman’s scholarship and the world of strategy is constructivist realism, the implicit theoretical mechanism that underpins Freedman’s scholarship and practice. A form of analysis that combines realism and constructivism presents a ‘distinctive and beneficial’ approach to the study of issues of war and peace – one that runs throughout Freedman’s work and is consciously present in Strategy, where social theory is favored and rational actors are demolished. The chapter discusses each concept, including the constructed character of realism, and attempts to bring them together, arguing that necessity is the quality that sits at the heart of a constructivist realist approach, where the socially generated character of issues and sober acknowledgement that power (and other empirical realities) combine to offer an approach with which flux and stasis in international society and international security can be profitably studied in policy-friendly ways.

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Leong, Daphne. Performing Knowledge. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190653545.001.0001.

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This book brings a theorist and performers together to examine the interface of analysis and performance in music of the twentieth century. Nine case studies, of music by Ravel, Schoenberg, Bartók, Schnittke, Milhaud, Messiaen, Babbitt, Carter, and Morris, are co-authored with performers (or composers) of those works. The case studies revolve around musical structure, broadly defined to comprise relations among parts and whole created in the process of making music, whether by composers, performers, listeners, or analysts. Knowledge that is produced in the course of relating analysis and performance is conceived in three dimensions: wissen, können, and kennen. The collaborative process itself is viewed through three constructs that facilitate cross-disciplinary collaboration: shared items, shared objectives (activity objects and epistemic objects), and shared agents. The book’s collaborations “thicken” the description of analysis and performance by illuminating key issues around (a) the implicit identity of a work: the role of embodiment, the affordances of a score, the cultural understanding of notation; (b) the use of metaphor in interpretation: here metaphors of memory, of poetry, and of ritual and drama; and (c) the relation of analysis and performance itself: its antagonisms, its fusion, and—rounding out the perspectives of theorist and performer with those of composer and listener—the role of structure in audience response. Along with these broader insights, each collaboration exemplifies processes of analysis and of performance, in grappling with and interpreting particular pieces. Video performances, demonstrations, and interviews; audio recordings; and photographs partner with the book’s written text.

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Geltner, G. Fighting Corruption in the Italian City-State. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809975.003.0008.

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While auditing practices for public officials existed in all the Italian peninsula during the communal era, they had nowhere as prominent a place, or better surviving records, as in the Italian city-states. In this chapter, the author shows that the regulation of sindacato, an end-of-term audit for urban officials, was of a kind with normative and literary discourses about accountability, good government and the common good, but argues that these cannot be seen in isolation from documentary evidence. Based on a detailed analysis of the rich judicial and administrative records from fourteenth-century Perugia, this chapter shows that the connection between accountability of office and political legitimacy implicit in the sindacato is less straightforward than commonly thought. Rather than a marker of transparent, participatory politics, the sindacato was a complex, inherently biased, often slow and ineffectual mechanism, which could conceal as much as it revealed about the administration of the city.

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Borgoni, Cristina, Dirk Kindermann et Andrea Onofri, dir. The Fragmented Mind. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850670.001.0001.

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Mental fragmentation is the thesis that the mind is fragmented, or compartmentalized. Roughly, this means that an agent’s overall belief state is divided into several sub-states—fragments. These fragments need not make for a consistent and deductively closed belief system. The thesis of mental fragmentation became popular through the work of philosophers like Christopher Cherniak, David Lewis, and Robert Stalnaker in the 1980s. Recently, it has attracted great attention again. This volume is the first collection of essays devoted to the topic of mental fragmentation. It features important new contributions by leading experts in the philosophy of mind, epistemology, and philosophy of language. Opening with an accessible Introduction providing a systematic overview of the current debate, the fourteen essays cover a wide range of issues: foundational issues and motivations for fragmentation, the rationality or irrationality of fragmentation, fragmentation’s role in language, the relationship between fragmentation and mental files, and the implications of fragmentation for the analysis of implicit attitudes.

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