Thèses : « Amiata »

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Silva, Alexandre Vieira. « Síntese de organo-seleno aminas e sua resolução cinética via reação de acetilação enantiosseletiva mediada por lipases ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46135/tde-02072008-125408/.

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Nesse trabalho foi desenvolvido um método de síntese quimioenzimática de organo-seleno aminas (1-((2, 3 ou 4 selenocianato)fenil)etanonas) e amidas (N-(1-(2, 3 ou 4-(etilseleno)fenil)etil)acetamida) enantiomericamente enriquecidas. Inicialmente, as organo-seleno aminas, na forma racêmica, foram sintetizadas a partir das orto-, meta- e para- aminoacetofenonas. A incorporação do átomo de selênio nas cetonas aromáticas foi realizada através da reação de selenocianato de potássio com sais de diazônio, preparados a partir das aminoacetofenonas, para levar as o, m ou p-selenocianato acetofenonas (28-65 %). Reações desses compostos com NaBH4, formaram os intermediários organo-selenoboro, que foram posteriormente alquilados com haletos de alquila de modo a formar as organo-seleno acetofenonas (1-(2, 3 ou 4-(etilseleno)fenil)etanona) (63-78 %). As Organo-seleno aminas racêmicas foram preparadas por aminação redutiva das cetonas correspondentes (39-73 %). Após desenvolvido o protocolo de síntese das organo-seleno aminas, nós estudamos a resolução cinética desses compostos através de reação de acetilação mediada por lipases. Um estudo inicial foi conduzido com a amina para substituído, como substrato modelo, de modo a buscar a lipase, solvente, temperatura, razão lipase/substrato e acilante apropriados para a resolução cinética. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, as condições ideais para se conduzir a resolução cinética foi CAL-B como biocatalisador, hexano como solvente e acetato de etila ou metóxi-acetato de etila como acilante a 30°C. Utilizando esse protocolo, as organo-seleno amidas foram preparadas com excelentes excessos enantioméricos (99 %).
In this work, we have developed a chemoenzymatic method to enantiomerically synthesize enriched organoselenium amines (1-(2, 3 or 4 -(ethylselanyl)phenyl)ethanamine) and amides (N-(1-(2, 3 or 4-(ethylselanyl)phenyl)ethyl)acetamide). Initially, the organoselenium amines, in the racemic form, were synthesized from ortho-, meta- and para- aminoacetophenones. The incorporation of the selenium atom into the aromatic ketones was achieved by the use of reaction of potassium selenocyanate and diazonium salts, prepared from aminoacetophenones, to afford selenocyanate acetophenones (28-65 %). These compounds were alkylated with alkyl halide to yield the organoselenium acetophenones (1-(2, 3 or 4-(ethylselanyl)phenyl)ethanone) (63-78 %) which were converted into their corresponding racemic organoselenium amines by reductive amination (39-73 %). After developing the protocol for the synthesis of racemic organoselenium amines, we studied the kinetic resolution of these compounds by their acetylation mediated by lipases. An initial study was carried out with the organoselenium amine para substituted, as a model substrate, in order to screen for appropriate lipase, solvent, temperature, lipase/substrate ratio and acylant. This study showed that the ideal condition to conduct the kinetic resolution was CAL-B as biocatalyst, hexane as solvent and ethyl acetate or ethyl methoxyacetate as acylant at 30°C. By using this protocol, the organoselenium amides were prepared in excellent enantiomeric excess (99 %).

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Beretta, Carlotta Maria <1990&gt. « La casa e il mondo : la rappresentazione di Calcutta nelle opere di Amit Chaudhuri, Amitav Ghosh e Neel Mukherjee ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8936/1/Carlotta_Beretta_Tesi_XXXIciclo.pdf.

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L’obiettivo di questa tesi è l’analisi della rappresentazione di Calcutta nelle opere di tre scrittori postcoloniali di origine bengalese, Amit Chaudhuri, Amitav Ghosh e Neel Mukherjee. Per questi autori, Calcutta è il luogo del radicamento artistico e culturale e, al tempo stesso, un punto da cui partire per osservare e percorrere il resto del mondo. Rispetto al passato, oggi la città bengalese ha perso rilevanza economica e politica. Tuttavia, Calcutta ha ancora un ruolo significativo dal punto di vista culturale. L’obiettivo di questo lavoro è dunque di affrontare lo spazio di Calcutta dal punto di vista culturale e letterario. Nello specifico, nelle pagine che seguono ci occuperemo di esaminare la rappresentazione spaziale di Calcutta; di dare conto della complessa interazione tra locale e globale; di restituire valore alla dimensione locale in un contesto postcoloniale; infine, di analizzare le forme e i modi della modernità bengalese, così come vengono affrontati dagli autori del corpus. La tesi è organizzata in quattro capitoli. Il primo esamina e riassume il contesto teorico alla base dell’analisi dei testi e prende in considerazione tre ambiti fondamentali: la geografia letteraria; la dialettica spaziale; gli studi sulla città coloniale, modernista e postcoloniale. I successivi capitoli di analisi procedono per temi spaziali via via più ampi. La discussione si apre con una disamina della casa, guardando in particolare alla dicotomia tra spazio privato e pubblico. Il capitolo successivo si interessa dello spazio urbano come teatro di alcune pratiche moderne: la flânerie, l’adda, la lotta politica. L’ultimo capitolo, infine, intende offrire una prospettiva più ampia, prendendo in considerazione la relazione di Calcutta con il resto del mondo.
This dissertation analyses the representation of Calcutta in the works of three postcolonial authors of Bengali origin, Amit Chaudhuri, Amitav Ghosh, and Neel Mukherjee. For these writers, Calcutta is the place in which they are aesthetically and culturally rooted, and, at the same time, the place from which they look at the global world. Although it has less economic and political relevance compared to Bombay or Delhi, Calcutta is still extremely significant in defining Indian modernity, especially from a cultural point of view. Thus, this thesis will examine the space of Calcutta from a cultural and literary perspective. In particular, it will analyse the spatial representation of the city in relation to the complex interaction between the local and the global, with the aim of emphasising the value of the local in a postcolonial context. In addition, it will look at how the authors address the issue of Bengali modernity. The thesis consists of four chapters. The first examines and summarises the theoretical context at the basis of the rest of the analysis. It considers three main theoretical frameworks: literary geography; spatial dialects; studies on the colonial, modernist and postcolonial city. The following chapters revolve around specific spatial themes. The discussion opens with an analysis of the home, and of the opposition between private and public space. The next chapter deals with the urban space as the site of the practices of modernity: flânerie, adda, and various forms of political struggle. The last chapter takes on a wider perspective and considers the relationship of Calcutta with the rest of the world.

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Chamouard, Véronique. « Amiante et cancers ». Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR1M176.

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Cragnolini, Mónica B. « Nietzsche : la imposible amistad ». Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119564.

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De un modo u otro, la cuestión de la amistad siempre resuena en las páginas de Nietzsche. De un modo u otro, también nos enfrentamos con su obra desde las posibilidades que esa cuestión brinda al pensamiento, posibilidades que, tal vez, nos coloquen en la paradoja de la imposible amistad con la misma filosofía de Nietzsche.

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Pollet, Christelle. « Amiante et mésothéliome malin pleural ». Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P037.

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Frei, Toledo Raimundo. « Fundamentos sociológicos de la amistad ». Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2008. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/106652.

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A través de esas preguntas e interrogantes enuncié el objetivo principal de la tesis: Situar un concepto de amistad que pudiera dar cuenta de la relación que existía – en la amistad – entre lo subjetivo del vínculo y el lazo de dependencia que se generaba.

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Oré, Marcó Edgar Daniel. « Percepción del concepto de amistad en la campaña “Por la amistad todo” de Pilsen Callao ». Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653547.

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El mundo y las personas que se encuentra en un constante cambio. Los ideales cambian y se va adecuando a los contextos sociales de los cuales formamos parte. Este cambio no es ajeno a las marcas, las cuales saben que necesitan adaptarse para poder seguir teniendo presencia en la vida de sus consumidores. Es en ese camino donde aparecen marcas que nos hablan de valores y emociones contextualizados a su entorno, que nos hacen sentir que formamos parte de una comunidad que es avalada por ellas mismas. Tal es el caso de Pilsen Callao, que durante más de una década se ha dirigido al público peruano con concepto de amistad, pero que en su última campaña titulada “Por la amistad todo”, ha demostrado una ejecución emocional de este de una manera sin precedentes en la historia de la marca y en la del Perú. En ese sentido, el presente documento interpreta la recepción del consumidor de la marca con el propósito de esclarecer su percepción sobre esta última campaña realizada. De esta manera, se puede identificar si es que de verdad este cambio en el manejo del concepto ha sido bien recibido por el público al que se dirige. La población para esta investigación es de 18 a 29 años, estudiantes de la carrera de Comunicación Audiovisual y Medios Interactivos de la UPC.
The world and the people are in constant change. Ideals change and it adapts to the social contexts of which we are part. This change is no stranger to brands, which know that they need to adapt in order to continue having a presence in the lives of their consumers. It is on this path where brands appear that speak to us of values and emotions contextualized to their environment, which make us feel that we are part of a community that is endorsed by themselves. Such is the case of Pilsen Callao, which for more than a decade has addressed the Peruvian public with the concept of friendship, but in his latest campaign entitled "Por la amistad todo", have demonstrated an emotional execution of this in an unprecedented way in the history of the brand and in that of Peru. In this sense, this document interprets the consumer's reception of the brand in order to clarify their perception of this latest campaign. In this way, it is possible to identify if this change in the handling of the concept has really been well received by the public to whom it is addressed. The population for this research is between 18 and 29 years old, students of the Audiovisual Communication and Interactive Media career at the UPC.
Trabajo de investigación

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Dufet, Anne-Laure Pairon Jean-Claude. « Étude de la concentration pulmonaire en corps asbestosiques dans deux séries de patients atteints de cancer-broncho-pulmonaire ». Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2008. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0483133.pdf.

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Catherall, Amanda Louise. « (Thio)amidate precursors to metal chalcogenides ». Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760913.

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Figa, Vaello Jaume. « La amistad en el cine de Pixar : la noción aristotélica de amistad como clave de análisis cinematográfico ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/456829.

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Las producciones de Pixar Animation Studios han marcado un antes y un después en el cine, no solo en el llamado “cine de animación”; su nuevo modo de contar historias y la solidez de sus guiones han hecho que muchos estudios de Hollywood se replanteen cómo realizar las películas. Este nuevo modo de contar historias se manifiesta, sobre todo, en que los personajes de las películas de la compañía del flexo tienen una caracterización muy humana y, por lo tanto, manifiestan en su actuar las virtudes y/o vicios que fácilmente son extrapolables a cada uno de los espectadores que ven estas películas. De entre todas las virtudes presentes en sus historias, la más destacable es, sin duda, la amistad, que constituye uno de los temas casi constantes en cada una de las historias de Pixar. El objetivo general del presente estudio es analizar el concepto aristotélico de amistad sobre todo presente en la Ética a Nicómaco y mostrar su vigencia en la narrativa del cine contemporáneo, en concreto en las películas de Pixar. Para ello, se ha buscado identificar las características esenciales de la amistad en el filósofo griego, actualizando este pensamiento aristotélico con la visión de pensadores que han estudiado esta virtud en la obra del estagirita. La sistematización de este concepto aristotélico de amistad, concretada en seis características, busca ser un método útil de análisis cinematográfico, y hemos podido validarlo usándolo como metodología conceptual de análisis de las películas de Pixar. Concretamente, se han estudiado trece de las diecisiete películas hasta la fecha (en España, está a punto de estrenarse Cars 3, 2017) que son aquellas en las que la amistad tiene un papel nuclear; así, se da respuesta a la hipótesis planteada al comienzo de si podemos hablar de esta temática como la base del “toque Pixar” del que tantos han hablado para referirse a esta compañía. Llegar a estar respuesta, por tanto, ha implicado superar el reto al que nos enfrentábamos al comienzo de la investigación, ya que el planteamiento de base estudiar las características de la amistad en Aristóteles e indagar si pueden ser una base útil para analizar esa temática en las películas es totalmente novedoso. Les produccions de Pixar Animation Studios han marcat un abans i un després en el cinema, no només en l’anomenat “cinema d’animació”; la seva nova manera de contar històries i la solidesa dels seus guions han fet que molts estudis de Hollywood es replantegin com realitzar les pel·lícules. Aquesta nova manera d’explicar històries es manifesta, sobre tot, en què els personatges de les pel·lícules de la companyia del flexo tenen una caracterització molt humana i, per tant, manifesten en l’actuar les virtuts i/o vicis que fàcilment són extrapolables a cada un dels espectadors que veuen aquestes pel·lícules. D’entre totes les virtuts presents en les seves històries, la més destacable és, sense cap mena de dubte, l’amistat, que constitueix un dels temes quasi constants en cada una de les històries de Pixar. L’objectiu general del present estudi és analitzar el concepte aristotèlic d’amistat principalment present a l’Ètica a Nicòmac i mostrar-ne la vigència en la narrativa del cinema contemporani, en concret a les pel·lícules de Pixar. Amb aquesta finalitat, s’ha buscat identificar les característiques essencials de l’amistat en el filòsof grec, actualitzant aquest pensament aristotèlic amb la visió de pensadors que han estudiat aquesta virtut en l’obra de l’estagirita. La sistematització d’aquest concepte aristotèlic d’amistat, concretada en sis característiques, busca ser un mètode útil d’anàlisi cinematogràfic, y hem pogut validar-lo usant-lo com a metodologia conceptual d’anàlisi de les pel·lícules d’estudi. Concretament, s’han estudiat tretze de les disset pel·lícules fins a la data (a Espanya, és a punt d’estrenar-se Cars 3, 2017), que són aquelles en les quals l’amistat té un paper neuràlgic; així, es dona resposta a la hipòtesi plantejada al començament de si podem parlar d’aquesta temàtica com la base del “toc Pixar” del que tants han parlat per a referir-se a aquesta companyia. Arribar a aquesta resposta, per tant, ha implicat superar el repte al que ens enfrontàvem en començar la recerca, ja que el plantejament de base - estudiar les característiques de l’amistat en Aristòtil i indagar si poden ser una base útil per a analitzar aquesta temàtica en les pel·lícules - és totalment nou.

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Simiano, Maristella Pandini. « Cidade amiga da criança ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNISUL, 2014. http://www.riuni.unisul.br/handle/12345/578.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-30T14:54:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 109622_Maristella.pdf: 2388298 bytes, checksum: 342105a4c4f99079f86a850a34e6d079 (MD5) license.txt: 214 bytes, checksum: a5b8d016460874115603ed481bad9c47 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
A presente pesquisa tem por intenção investigar como as crianças veem e narram os espaços públicos de brincadeira na cidade de Tubarão/SC. Foi realizada com um grupo de 15 crianças, 10 meninas e 5 meninos, com idade entre 8 a 10 anos, de diferentes classes sociais, escolas e bairros da cidade de Tubarão/SC. O estudo apresenta uma pesquisa de campo com abordagem qualitativa, utilizando como instrumento metodológico a escrita de uma carta pelas crianças que procura dar visibilidade ao olhar das mesmas sobre espaços públicos de brincadeira de sua cidade. Na análise, apostou-se no diálogo com os seguintes autores: Tonucci (1996), Ariès(1981), Brougère (2001), Friedmann (1996), Sarmento (2008), Corsaro (2005), Santos (1988).Como resultado, identificou-se que as crianças sabem o que é um espaço público de brincadeiras, mas, muitas vezes, esses são percebidos por elas como inadequados e perigosos. As crianças expressaram o desejo de encontrar mais espaços de brincadeira em sua cidade e suas principais reivindicações são limpeza, segurança e gratuidade a esses locais. Destaca-se a importância de um olhar sensível e uma escuta atenta às crianças, para poder inventar outras formas de lidar com os equipamentos, praças, árvores, carros, prédios, ruas, enfim, com os espaços públicos de brincadeira de toda a cidade. As crianças são sujeitos de direitos e capazes e, por isso, devem ser consideradas nas discussões e rumos nas cidades em que habitam. Acredita-se que, juntos, adultos e crianças poderão criar soluções para viver em um lugar deliberdade,curiosidade, movimento. Um lugar que oportunize encontrar, brincar efazer amigos.
This research is intended to investigate how children see and narrate public spaces to play in Tubarão/SC. It was performed with a group of 15 children, ten girls and five boys, aged 8-10 years, from different social classes, schools and neighborhoods of Tubarão/SC. This study shows a field study with a qualitative approach using as a methodological tool, a letter written by children to give importance to their vision about public spaces to play in your city. In the analysis is bet in dialogue with the following authors: Tonucci (1996), Ariès (1981), Brougère (2001), Friedmann (1996), Sarmento (2008), Corsaro (2005), Santos(1988). As a result, it was found that children know what is a public space to play, but often these are perceived by them as inadequate and dangerous. Children express a desire to find more spaces to play in their city and their main demands are cleanliness, safety and gratuity to these places. Featured the importance of a sensible look and an attentive listening to children, to be able to invent other ways of dealing with equipment, squares, trees, cars, buildings, streets anyway with public play spaces in the city. Children are subjects with rights and capable, that's why should be considered in discussions and directions in the cities they inhabit. It believed that together, adults and children can create solutions for living in a place of freedom, curiosity, movement. A place with opportunity to stay together, play and make friends.

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Velasco, García Mª Isabel. « Study of lung asbestos content in a Spanish population ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285456.

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Las motivaciones para iniciar el desarrollo de esta tesis se basaron en un estudio previo, con pocos pacientes, que exponía que los individuos residentes en la ciudad de Barcelona presentan un determinado depósito pulmonar de amianto. Quisimos también establecer los niveles de cuantificación de amianto en pulmón, en población española, mediante microscopia óptica (MO) de manera que fueran precisos y reproducibles con tal de poder realizar análisis de cuerpos de amianto (CA) de forma rutinaria. Después estandarizar la técnica en nuestro laboratorio quisimos estudiar si unas patologías respiratorias presentaban un mayor depósito de CA pulmonares; así que estudiamos pacientes con carcinoma pulmonar y asbestosis, y comparamos sus resultados con los de individuos sanos no expuestos. Finalmente, y tras haber realizado estudios en pacientes de distintos hospitales españoles, quisimos profundizar más y estudiamos el tipo de amianto pulmonar más prevalente en población española. Las primeras investigaciones llevadas a cabo en el desarrollo de esta tesis nos han permitido determinar que la prevalencia de este mineral en población urbana española es de entre 0 y 300 CA/g tejido pulmonar seco, teniendo en cuenta que niveles superiores a 1000 CA/g se consideran internacionalmente como potencialmente causantes de patrología. Al estudiar la distribución de amianto en las distintas zonas pulmonares, no encontramos diferencias significativas; aunque pudimos observar que las concentraciones más elevadas se encontraron en el lóbulo inferior en el 48% de los casos. Al establecer un método reproducible de análisis de CA en pulmón, nos posicionamos como laboratorio de referencia en España. Demostramos que la lectura de los CA por un único observador era suficiente de manera sistemática, y que únicamente en aquellos casos con niveles alrededor de los 1000 CA/g tejido seco era necesaria doble lectura. El proyecto de investigación destinado a estudiar las enfermedades relacionadas con el amianto en trabajadores expuestos al amianto en el desarrollo de su trabajo nos permitió estudiar la relación entre los años de exposición a este mineral y el hábito tabáquico. Observamos que los trabajadores de los astilleros del Ferrol tenían unos elevados niveles de amianto pulmonar; y concluimos que el amianto debería considerarse como causa potencial de enfermedad pulmonar en trabajadores de los astilleros. Al caracterizar las distintas fibras de amianto encontradas en los pulmones de población española, con exposición al amianto y sin ella, pudimos ver que la crocidolita era el tipo de amianto más frecuente. Observamos la ausencia de crisotilo en las muestras analizadas y ello nos llevó a sugerir que se producía una eliminación de las fibras de crisotilo después de su inhalación.
The idea for this thesis emerged from the results of a previous study with a small patient sample which assessed the deposition of asbestos in the lung in residents of the city of Barcelona. Using light microscopy (LM), we also aimed to establish accurate, reproducible reference levels of asbestos in the lung in the Spanish population, in order to allow routine analyses of asbestos bodies (AB). After standardizing the technique in our laboratory, we aimed to assess whether certain respiratory diseases had a higher lung deposition of AB. To do so, we studied patients with lung cancer and asbestosis and compared their results with those of healthy, unexposed individuals. Finally, after performing studies in patients from different Spanish hospitals, we aimed to identify the most prevalent type of asbestos deposited in the lung in the Spanish population. The initial studies carried out as part of this thesis established that the prevalence of asbestos in the Spanish urban population was between 0 and 300 AB / g dry lung tissue. Levels over 1000 AB / g are regarded internationally as potential causes of pathology. Studying the distribution of asbestos in various areas of the lung, no significant differences were observed, although the highest concentrations were found in the lower lobe in 48% of cases. Thanks to our team’s development of a reproducible method for the analysis of lung AB, our laboratory is now established as a reference centre in Spain. We demonstrated that a single observer’s reading of AB was sufficient, and that a second reading was only necessary in patients with levels around 1000 AB / g dry tissue. The research project aimed to studying asbestos-related disease in workers exposed to the mineral in the course of their occupational activity. We were able to study the relationship between years of asbestos exposure and smoking. We found that the shipyard workers of El Ferrol had high levels of asbestos in the lung, and concluded that asbestos should be considered as a potential cause of lung disease in this population. In our characterization of the various types of asbestos fibre found in the lungs of Spanish population with and without exposure to asbestos, crocidolite was the most frequently identified. Chrysotile was not recorded in the samples analysed, suggesting that this form of the mineral is eliminated after inhalation.

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Agudo, Trigueros Antonio. « Mesotelioma pleural y exposición ambiental al amianto ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4597.

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La paraula amiant s'aplica a una família de silicats fibrosos i inclou tres varietats principals: el crisotil·lè, la crocidolita i l'amosita. Totes les varietats d'amiant són carcinogèniques i poden produir càncer del pulmó i mesotelioma. El mesotelioma maligne és un tumor poc freqüent que es localitza sobre tot a la pleura. Té un pronòstic molt dolent, i el període de latència pot ser molt llarg, de 20 a 50 anys. L'exposició ocupacional a l'amiant és una causa reconeguda de mesotelioma; però un cop s'ha controlat l'exposició a concentracions molt elevades que es donaven a l'ambient laboral, la principal preocupació s'ha desplaçat cap els possibles efectes de l'exposició a dosis baixes. S'ha estudiat l'efecte de l'exposició domèstica que pateixen els familiars de treballadores exposats que porten la roba de feina a casa per la seva neteja. També s'ha estudiat l'efecte de l'exposició ambiental de les persones que viuen prop d'una font puntual d'emissió d'amiant. Malgrat tot, no s'havia analitzat, fins ara, si la contaminació ambiental o domèstica en la població general de zones industrials és una causa de mesotelioma.
Es va dur a terme un estudi multicèntric de casos i controls de base poblacional en sis àrees d'Itàlia, Espanya i Suïssa. Es van incloure 215 casos nous de mesotelioma pleural amb confirmació histològica i 448 controls. Un grup d'higienistes industrials varen classificar els participants segons la seva probabilitat i intensitat d'exposició a l'amiant. La informació de la història laboral va ser la base de l'exposició ocupacional. Per la classificació de l'exposició ambiental i domèstica es van tenir en compte la utilització o presència d'amiant en cada domicili de la història de residències, així com les activitats industrials de l'entorn.
En els 53 casos i 232 controls sense exposició ocupacional es va observar un increment de risc de mesotelioma associat a la utilització domèstica d'amiant o la presència de productes que poden desprendre fibres, així com el fet de viure a menys de 2 km d'un establiment industrial que utilitzava amiant. Aquestes circumstàncies impliquen exposicions a concentracions de 0.1 a 5 f/l, unes mil vegades menys que les mesurades en moltes àrees amb exposició ocupacional. En l'anàlisi dels 232 casos i 257 controls a Espanya es van identificar com ocupacions amb més risc de mesotelioma el treball en la fabricació de fibrociment, la neteja i planxa de roba, el treball com a mecànic electricista, i els conductors de vehicles i maquinària de la construcció. Gairebé el 88% dels casos de mesotelioma són atribuïbles a l'exposició a l'amiant, 62% d'origen ocupacional i 26% no ocupacional.
L'amiant està prohibit actualment en la majoria de països industrialitzats, però encara s'utilitza en alguns països en desenvolupament. D'altra banda, atès el llarg període de latència, el mesotelioma pot ser un problema de salut durant les properes dècades. Cal doncs parar molta atenció a certs aspectes, com ara la problemàtica de l'amiant en edificis i instal·lacions, els efectes sobre la salut dels materials utilitzats en substitució de l'amiant i el seguiment i possible compensació dels treballadors que han estat exposats a l'amiant.
El término amianto designa de forma genérica un grupo de silicatos fibrosos con tres variedades principales: crisotilo, crocidolita y amosita. Todas ellas son carcinogénicas, capaces de producir mesoteliomas y cáncer de pulmón. El mesotelioma maligno es un tumor poco frecuente que se localiza preferentemente en la pleura. Tiene muy mal pronóstico y un largo período de latencia, de entre 20 y 50 años. Existe una clara relación causal entre el mesotelioma y la exposición ocupacional al amianto. Sin embargo, tras el control de la exposición a concentraciones elevadas propias de algunas ocupaciones, la preocupación por los efectos del amianto se ha centrado en las exposiciones a dosis bajas. Se ha estudiado el efecto de la exposición doméstica de los familiares que lavan la ropa de trabajadores expuestos al amianto; también se ha estudiado el efecto de la exposición ambiental debida a la residencia cerca de una fuente puntual de emisión de amianto. Sin embargo, hasta ahora no se había analizado si la contaminación ambiental o doméstica de la población general en áreas industriales puede ser una causa de mesotelioma pleural.
Se realizó un estudio multicéntrico de casos y controles de base poblacional en seis áreas de Italia, España y Suiza. Incluyó 215 casos nuevos de mesotelioma pleural con confirmación histológica y 448 controles. Un grupo de higienistas industriales evaluó la probabilidad e intensidad de la exposición al amianto de origen ocupacional y no ocupacional, a partir de la información de la historia laboral y de residencias. La exposición doméstica y ambiental se basó en la posible utilización o presencia de amianto en el domicilio, las características de la vivienda y las actividades industriales del entorno.
En los 53 casos y 232 controles sin evidencia de exposición ocupacional se observó un incremento del riesgo de mesotelioma pleural asociado a la utilización de amianto en el domicilio o a la presencia de productos que pudiesen desprender fibras, así como en los residentes en un radio de 2 km respecto a alguna industria que utilizase amianto. Ello supone una exposición a concentraciones de 0.1 a 5 f/l, unas mil veces menores que las habituales en el ambiente laboral. Las principales ocupaciones de riesgo identificadas en el análisis de los 232 casos y 257 controles de los centros españoles fueron: fabricación de fibrocemento, trabajadores del lavado, limpieza y planchado de ropa, ajustadores y mecánicos electricistas, y conductores de maquinaria de la construcción. El 88% de los casos de mesotelioma son atribuibles al amianto, de los cuales 62% a la exposición ocupacional y 26% a la exposición doméstica o ambiental.
El uso de amianto está prohibido casi en la totalidad de países industrializados, pero se utiliza aún en diversos países en vías de desarrollo. Incluso los países donde se ha prohibido el amianto deben prestar especial atención a otros aspectos de interés, tales como la problemática del amianto instalado, los posibles efectos de los materiales utilizados como sustitutos del amianto y el seguimiento de los trabajadores expuestos con vistas a la posible compensación a la que tienen derecho.
Asbestos is a generic term applied to a group of fibrous silicates. There are three commercially important forms: chrysotile, crocidolite, and amosite. All of them are carcinogenic, capable of causing mesothelioma and lung cancer. Malignant mesothelioma is a rare tumour mainly located in the pleura. Most mesotheliomas are fatal within 12-24 months of diagnosis, and have a latency period of 20-50 years. There is strong evidence supporting the causal association between mesothelioma and occupational exposure to asbestos. Nevertheless, with the virtual cessation of high-dose occupational exposure to asbestos, public health attention has turned to the risks of exposure at lower doses arising from non-occupational sources. Domestic exposure results from asbestos fibres brought home by workers exposed in the workplace. Environmental exposure may result from residence in the vicinity of a single well-identified source of asbestos pollution. However, further studies are needed to investigate whether the industrial and domestic use of asbestos may produce sufficient environmental pollution to cause mesothelioma.
A population-based case control study was carried out in six areas from Italy, Spain and Switzerland, including 215 new histologically confirmed cases of pleural mesothelioma and 448 controls. A panel of industrial hygienists assessed the probability and intensity of asbestos exposure separately for occupational, domestic and environmental sources. Each occupational period was classified based on the information collected in the occupational history. Classification of domestic and environmental exposure of each residence was based on the presence and use of asbestos at home, asbestos industrial activities in the surrounding area and their distance from the dwelling.
Among 53 cases and 232 controls without evidence of occupational exposure to asbestos, handling asbestos material or presence of asbestos material at home susceptible to damage, as well as living within 2000 m of asbestos industries was associated with increased risk of mesothelioma. Typically these circumstances entail exposure to concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 5 f/l, about 1000 times lower than those measured in occupational settings. Among the 132 cases and 257 controls in the Spanish centres the main occupations with increased risk of mesothelioma were manufacture of asbestos cement, launderers, cleaners and pressers, electrical fitters, plumbers, and drivers of material-handling and related equipment. Almost 88% of mesotheliomas were attributable to asbestos exposure, 62% due to occupation and 26% from non-occupational origin.
Utilisation of asbestos has almost completely ended in most developed countries as the result of government bans. Nevertheless, asbestos manufacture continues in parts of the developing world. Even countries that have banned the material still have to devise strategies to cope with the asbestos that remains in place, monitoring potential effects of fibres used as asbestos substitutes, and surveillance of former asbestos workers and exposed populations in order to provide them with access to compensation.

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Yim, Jacky Chun-Ho. « Synthetic applications of zirconium and titanium amidate complexes ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52684.

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The use of titanium or zirconium amidate complexes as either reagents or catalysts for targeted applications is described herein. The investigation is focused on a novel class of zirconocene amidate hydride complexes primarily used for the hydrozirconation reaction and a previously disclosed bis(amidate) bis(amido) titanium complex for the regioselective alkyne hydroamination reaction. A novel class of zirconocene amidate hydride complexes is synthesized and characterized. The amidate binding mode is significantly influenced by sterics. A rare example of an equilibrium between the structural isomers where the amidate ligand adopts either the κ¹ O-bound or κ² is shown. Reaction of styrene with these complexes resulted in the formation of the branched insertion products, which is in contrast to the observed regioselectivity when the well-known Schwartz’s reagent is used. Asymmetric insertion was attempted with a complex bearing an amidate ligand with a stereocenter. Reactivity with other alkenes and phenylacetylene were explored. Under harsh reaction conditions, the zirconocene amidate hydride complexes undergo a halide exchange reaction with phenyl halides. A competition experiment suggests two separate mechanistic pathways for styrene insertion and halide exchange. A primary kinetic isotope effect suggests Zr─H cleavage is involved in the rate-determining step. Experimental evidence is consistent with a coordination-insertion mechanistic proposal. The synthetic utility of a previously reported bis(amidate) bis(amido) titanium complex for the regioselective alkyne hydroamination reaction is further explored. The reactivity and regioselectivity of hydroamination with benchmark substrates using this bis(amidate) titanium complex is directly compared to other titanium based hydroamination catalysts. The substrate scope of this bis(amidate) titanium hydroamination catalyst is extended to include more difficult substrates, such as protected propargyl alcohols. Modifications to the reaction protocol allow for facile bench-top use. The bis(amidate) titanium complex was applied to tandem sequential reactions featuring hydroamination to afford secondary amines, a primary amine and a substituted primary allylamine. This hydroamination catalyst is also used for the oligomerization of alkynylanilines. By tuning the alkynylaniline monomer, a soluble N-containing oligomer was synthesized, which shows a degree of conjugation. This bis(amidate) titanium hydroamination catalyst was employed to assemble a small library of aminoether compounds targeted as T-type calcium channel blockers.
Science, Faculty of
Chemistry, Department of
Graduate

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趙穎璿 et Wing-suen Chiu. « Representations and problematics of hybridity in Amitav Ghosh ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/192982.

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Hybridity has been a privileged theory in post-colonial writings. It is considered as a source of empowerment that resists oppositional binarism and monolithic discourses that characterize dominant Western historical representations. Amitav Ghosh’s In An Antique Land and his ongoing Ibis Trilogy are historiographic projects that instantiate, both textually and formally, the employment of hybridity in resistance of cultural and political suppression. However, Ghosh at the same time interrogates the discourse of hybridity by highlighting its problematics. Such ambivalent stance creates a paradox that the author leaves open as a site for critical debates. Employing the strength of hybridity, Ghosh rewrites history and challenges the critiques that disapprove the theory for its lack of ethics and suggests that the theory of hybridity can fulfill our ethical imperatives by excavating forgotten voices of the past.
published_or_final_version
English Studies
Master
Master of Arts

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Holguín, Callo Oswaldo. « Palma y Riva-Agüero : calas a su amistad ». Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113821.

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Hontavilla, Espinosa Carlos. « Hacia la belleza, el amor y la amistad ». Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/110213.

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Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Filosofía.
En el siguiente escrito trato de acercarme a lo que entiende Platón por Belleza. Para no enturbiar en gran forma el juicio al interpretar de una forma o de otra el concepto de Belleza que aparece en Platón, me he limitado a mostrar cómo aparece este asunto en algunos de sus diálogos.

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Germer, Aminata [Verfasser]. « Food habits and nutrition security in West Africa : Practices from Southwestern Burkina Faso / Aminata Germer ». Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1224270568/34.

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Cougouliègne, Isabelle. « Toxicologie de l'amiante ». Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P132.

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Lecomte, Céline Jaurand Marie-Claude. « Modélisation génétique de l'oncogenèse mésothéliale induite par les fibres minérales ». Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2004. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0213829.htm.

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Mbaye, Aminata Cécile [Verfasser], et Ute [Akademischer Betreuer] Fendler. « Les discours sur l’homosexualité au Sénégal : L’analyse d’une lutte représentationnelle. / Aminata Cécile Mbaye ; Betreuer : Ute Fendler ». Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1161799621/34.

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Araújo, évelyn Cintra. « O AMIANTO CRISOTILA E O DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL DO BRASIL ». Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2011. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2629.

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Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la relación entre el uso, producción, explotación y comercio del amianto crisotilo y el desarrollo sostenible de Brasil. Sin embargo, la sustancia en cuestión debe ser analizada entretener, ya que se subclasifica en tipos, los efectos y riesgos tienden a ser diferentes, sobre todo porque no hay certeza científica sobre el potencial carcinogénico del tipo de crisotilo. Debe, sin embargo, la puntuación de la pregunta que la opinión pública nacional e internacional de gestión medioambiental adoptado hasta el momento, y que pueden ser adoptadas con el fin de promover el uso controlado, por lo tanto, capaz de conciliar, por un lado, el desarrollo económico y social de Brasil, y otros, un entorno de trabajo seguro y saludable, especialmente los que están expuestos al crisotilo. A raíz de razonamiento, el discurso se llevará a cabo de manera que, en primer lugar, los aspectos generales se abordarán en el mineral, poco después, su énfasis se refleja en el ambiente laboral de los trabajadores expuestos a ella, la vinculación alguna enfermedad derivada de, una tercera y última vez, frente a la posibilidad del uso sostenible de crisotilo, para considerar este enfoque de la disciplina jurídica, la posición nacional e internacional de la judicatura sobre la prohibición en referencia a los minerales, así como la presión de su sustitución por fibras alternativas y las consecuencias sociales y económicas derivadas de su destierro en esta verdadera guerra económica, social y legal en el que Brasil, uno de los mayores productores y exportadores, se insertan.
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo verificar a relação entre o uso, a produção, a exploração e o comércio do amianto crisotila e o desenvolvimento sustentável do Brasil. Contudo, a substância em questão deve ser analisada entretermos, posto que se subclassifica em tipos, cujos efeitos e riscos podem vir a ser diferentes, principalmente por não se ter certeza científica quanto à potencialidade cancerígena do tipo crisotila. É preciso, no entanto, pontuar a questão frente às políticas públicas, nacionais e internacionais, de gestão ambiental até então adotadas, e as que se possam vir a ser adotadas, no sentido de fomentar o uso controlado, capaz, portanto, de compatibilizar, de um lado, o desenvolvimento econômico-social brasileiro, e de outro, um meio ambiente de trabalho seguro e saudável, especialmente àqueles que se expõem ao crisotila. Nesta esteira de raciocínio, o discurso será conduzido de molde que, primeiramente, serão abordados os aspectos gerais acerca do minério; logo depois, será dada ênfase aos seus reflexos no ambiente ocupacional do trabalhador a ele exposto, relacionando as eventuais doenças decorrentes, para, num terceiro e derradeiro momento, abordar a possibilidade de uso sustentável do crisotila, a contemplar nessa abordagem a disciplina legal, nacional e internacional; a posição do Judiciário acerca da proibição ao mineral em referência; bem como a pressão pela sua substituição por fibras alternativas e as conseqüências sociais e econômicas decorrentes do seu banimento, nessa verdadeira guerra econômica, social e jurídica na qual o Brasil, um dos seus maiores produtores e exportadores, está inserido.

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Costa, Isabele Campos. « Estudo dos efeitos genotóxicos do amianto em trabalhadores expostos ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2009. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/2321.

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A pneumoconiose é uma das mais recorrentes doenças pulmonares ocupacionais em todo mundo, estando a asbestose, uma das doenças relacionadas ao asbesto, em crescente número. O asbesto corresponde a um conjunto heterogêneo de fibras natural minerais, muito utilizado desde a antiguidade, e seus efeitos nocivos sobre a saúde humana constatados em diversos países. A inalação destas fibras causa o desenvolvimento de fibrose intersticial pulmonar intensa, envolvendo reação inflamatória, produção de colágeno e formação de granuloma. Além disso, também, está associada com a formação de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) no trato respiratório inferior, resultando em estresse oxidativo. A produção elevada e contínua de ERO ou sua inadequada remoção pode suprimir o sistema de defesa antioxidante e ocasionar danos em moléculas celulares importantes, como proteínas e DNA, que futuramente podem resultar em câncer. Esteestudo teve como objetivo avaliar alterações de parâmetros enzimáticos do estresse oxidativo e os danos genotóxicos decorrentes de exposição ao asbesto, em trabalhadores expostos e não-expostos, sendo os trabalhadores expostos, advindos de empresas que utilizam asbesto nos seus processos produtivos, localizadas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, e os trabalhadores não expostos compostos de técnicos laboratoriais do Laboratório de Toxicologias do CESTEH / ENSP / FIOCRUZ. Para tanto, foram realizados exames físicos, radiográficos de tórax, espirometria e entrevista, com a finalidade de avaliar o grau de acometimento dos indivíduos e a evolução clínica dos sintomas. O teste de Ensaio Cometa e a determinação das atividades das enzimas Catalase (CAT) e Glutationa S-Transferase (GST) foram utilizados na avaliação dos danos genotóxicos e dos parâmetros enzimáticos do estresse oxidativo. Sendo assim, trabalhadores expostos apresentaram 79,8 por cento de alterações de função pulmonar e broncodilatação e 32,7 por cento foram diagnosticados com asbestose. A população exposta ao amianto apresentou diferença bastante significativa dos resultados de ensaio cometa (p<0,000) e da atividade da GST (p<0,01), em comparação com a população não exposta. Estes resultados demonstram a relação entre a exposição ao asbesto e alterações enzimáticas do estresse oxidativo e danos no DNA, caracterizando um risco para as populações expostas ao amianto e contribuindo com evidências toxicológicas na luta do banimento do asbesto no Brasil.
The pneumoconiosis is one of the most recurrent occupational lung disease worldwide, with asbestosis, a disease related to asbestos, in increasing numbers. The asbestos is a heterogeneous set of natural mineral fibers, widely used since antiquity, and its harmful effects on human health were found in many countries. The inhalation of these fibers causes the development of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis intense, involving inflammation, production of collagen and formation of granuloma. It is also associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the lower respiratory tract, resulting in oxidative stress. The high and continuous production of ROS or their improper removal can remove the antioxidant defense system and cause damage to important cellular molecules such as proteins and DNA, which in future may result in cancer. This study aimed to evaluate changes in enzymatic parameters of oxidative stress and genotoxic damage caused by exposure to asbestos in exposed workers and non-exposed, and the exposed workers are from companies that use asbestos in their production processes, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, and the workers not exposed to compound laboratory technicians of the Laboratory of Toxicology of CESTEH / ENSP / FIOCRUZ. Therefore, we performed physical examinations, chest radiography, spirometry and interview, in order to evaluate the degree of involvement of individuals and the clinical evolution of the symptoms. The Comet test and the determination of the activities of enzymes Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) were used to assess the genotoxic damage and enzymatic parameters of oxidative stress. Thus, workers exposed showed 79.8% of changes in lung function and bronchodilation and 32.7% were diagnosed with asbestosis. The population exposed to asbestos showed significant difference of the results of comet assay (p <0.000) and GST activity (p <0.01), comparing with the non exposed population. These results demonstrate the relationship between exposure to asbestos and enzymatic changes of oxidative stress and DNA damage, showing a risk for people exposed to asbestos and contributing with toxicological evidences into the fight against the use of asbestos in Brazil.

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Zirulia, S. « AMIANTO E DIRITTO PENALE. IL PROBLEMA DEL NESSO CAUSALE ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/217772.

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I processi penali per le vittime dell’amianto rappresentano un capitolo fondamentale della storia giudiziaria contemporanea. Prendono il via nei primi anni ’90, all’indomani della messa al bando del pericoloso minerale , sotto la spinta degli inquietanti dati epidemiologici relativi all’incidenza di gravissime e spesso letali malattie dell’apparato respiratorio tra la popolazione dei soggetti esposti. Muoiono d’amianto coloro che hanno lavorato maneggiandolo, e talvolta muoiono d’amianto anche i loro famigliari, venuti a contatto con gli indumenti da lavoro impregnati di fibre tossiche. Muoiono d’amianto persino coloro che hanno avuto la sfortuna di abitare accanto ad una fabbrica o ad un cantiere che disperdevano le micidiali polveri nei dintorni. I dati epidemiologici non lasciano dubbio alcuno in merito al fatto che l’impiego industriale dell’amianto abbia provocato una vera e propria ecatombe . La causa della strage, dunque, è da anni sotto gli occhi di tutti. Ma l’accertamento delle responsabilità penali è spesso ostacolato da insormontabili difficoltà relative alla prova del nesso causale tra le condotte dei singoli imputati, i quali magari hanno ricoperto incarichi di responsabilità per poco tempo, e le malattie che hanno colpito singole vittime, spesso esposte all’amianto per lunghi archi temporali. Vent’anni di processi penali per malattie d’amianto hanno messo in luce come la partita dell’innocenza o della colpevolezza si giochi quasi interamente sul piano dell’accertamento del nesso causale. Le aule penali si sono così trasformate in luoghi dove si dibatte attorno a delicatissime questioni relative all’eziologia delle patologie tumorali, oltre che alla effettiva conoscibilità dei rischi per la salute umana quando ancora l’utilizzo del minerale era legale. Questioni di fatto, che devono poi passare dal setaccio delle categorie della responsabilità penale; ma che, proprio in ragione della carica di drammaticità umana e sociale di cui sono intrise, inducono talvolta la magistratura ad allargare le maglie di quel setaccio, nell’ottica di intercettare istanze di giustizia sostanziale che altrimenti rimarrebbero – per i più, incomprensibilmente – prive di ascolto. I processi in materia d’amianto diventano così uno dei terreni più fertili per il germogliare delle tecniche di flessibilizzazione del paradigma causale; e, parallelamente, costituiscono uno dei principali bersagli delle voci dottrinali che denunciano un l’ingiusto squilibrio tra la protezione dell’innocente e la tutela delle vittime. D’altra parte, l’intima relazione che intercorre tra lo statuto stesso della causalità e la fase del suo accertamento processuale costituisce un problema che travalica il settore della responsabilità da amianto, investendo direttamente alcuni dei più spinosi – e tuttora irrisolti – rompicapo della parte generale del diritto penale. Ecco allora che la responsabilità penale da amianto assurge ad ineguagliabile occasione per riflettere su quei problemi; offrendo al contempo – questo il vantaggio dell’approccio settoriale – un serbatoio assai ricco di casistica giurisprudenziale. Il metodo che è stato adottato per lo svolgimento della presente indagine risulta coerente con il suo oggetto: alle delicate questioni che notoriamente colorano qualsiasi dibattito sulla causalità penale si cercherà infatti di dare delle risposte immerse nel processo, in omaggio all’idea popperiana che non esistono discipline – e tantomeno confini tra discipline – ma soltanto problemi a risolvere. L’approccio interdisciplinare, inoltre, sembra costituire il migliore antidoto rispetto ai rischi connessi ad un processo che troppo di frequente non si limita ad accertare ma indebitamente plasma le categorie sostanziali, compromettendo i canoni costituzionali di tipicità e tassatività della fattispecie: posto infatti che diritto e processo penale non possono vivere separatamente – a differenza di quanto accade in altre branche del diritto – l’unico modo per comprendere ed eventualmente contrastare indebite sovrapposizioni tra sostanza e rito pare essere quello di trattarli congiuntamente anche nell’ambito della riflessione dottrinale. Oltre che per le ragioni già esplicitate, l’approccio concentrato su questo specifico settore della responsabilità penale trova giustificazione nel fatto che i processi per le vittime dell’amianto rappresentano ancora oggi una pagina fondamentale delle cronache giudiziarie, e purtroppo continueranno ad esserlo per molto tempo, se è vero che il picco di incidenza di mesoteliomi – l’incurabile tumore tipicamente correlato alla fibra di amianto – si raggiungerà attorno al 2015 . Il presente lavoro si articola in quattro capitoli. Nel primo viene analiticamente passata in rassegna la giurisprudenza in materia di amianto formatasi nel corso di oltre vent’anni di processi, mettendo a fuoco i principali problemi che emergono nell’accertamento della causalità e della colpa. Nel secondo si rivolge l’attenzione alle categorie dogmatiche che vengono in rilievo ai fini dell’imputazione degli eventi lesivi nei reati colposi d’evento: la prospettiva che si adotta è dunque di più ampio respiro, benché molti dei riferimenti giurisprudenziali vengano siano tratti dalla rassegna condotta nel primo capitolo. Nel terzo capitolo vengono svolte considerazioni relative ai rapporti tra scienza e processo penale, tematica di centrale importanza in un sistema di accertamento causale improntato al modello di sussunzione sotto leggi scientifiche. Nel quarto capitolo, infine, si adotta la prospettiva in action cui si è fatto riferimento, nell’ottica di indagare l’intreccio tra le categorie della causalità e la fase del loro accertamento. I paragrafi introduzione, posti al principio dei capitoli II, III, e IV, hanno la funzione di congiungere, attraverso ideali ponti, gli argomenti trattati in quel capitolo con quelli trattati nel capitolo precedente ed in quello successivo.

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Vargas, Apaza Silver Luis. « Selección y evaluación de bacterias del género Bacillus productoras de amilasa en cultivo sumergido ». Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2002. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/2579.

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De los 120 microorganismos aislados de suelos de cítricos de la localidad de Huaral, se identificaron 46 cepas con capacidad de hidrólisis sobre el almidón que representan el 38.33%, existiendo un predominio de B. circulans, con 28.33%; B. Firmus, 23.91%; Faenibacillus spp. 17.39%; B. coagulns, 15.22%,; B. megaterium, 8.70%; B. alvei, 4.35%; B. Lentus, 2.17%. En la fermentación conducida en matraz agitado con caldo almidón modificado según Achi, (1992) B. megaterium MFFB-UNMSM-39 alcanza la mayor actividad de amilasa con 16.10 U/mL., a 45ºC, pH 7.5, y 150 rpm; mientras que en biorreactor de tanque agitado registra una producción de 25.38 U/mL. a 45ºC, pH 7.5, 150 rpm, y 1.5 vvm, que representa un incremento de 9.28 U/mL. (57.63%) por efecto de la aereación y agitación. En el screening al evaluar los ingredientes del sustratos almidón de yuca a 45ºC; pH 7.5; 75 rpm y 1.5 vvm, se encuentra significancia estadística con un α = 0.05, para almidón de yuca; extracto de levadura; citrato de sodio y cloruro de calcio. En la etapa de optimización ascendente, cuando los factores se incrementa en base al cloruro de calcio en 0.3 g/L, se logra incrementar la producción de amilasa y se acorta el periodo de latencia. En la etapa de optimización final se ha encontrado los valores óptimos de los factores; almidón de yuca (X1 = 25.41 g) y cloruro de calcio (X2 = 2.87 g), estos valores corresponden a la cima de la superficie respuesta descrita por el modelo matemático estimado. La enzima amilasa en biorreactor de tanque agitado con caldo almidón almidón de yuca tanto en la fase del screening, optimización ascendente, y optimización final, fueron de 27.40 U/mL; 32.84 U/mL; 33.22 U/mL respectivamente, y la aparición de la producción de amilasa se observó a las 20 horas hacia finales de la fase logarítmica, incrementándose rápidamente de las 28 a las 40 horas y de las 28 a las 36 horas en la fase estacionaria, alcanzando la máxima producción a las 60 horas, para el Screening y optimización ascendente; sin embargo en la optimización final, la enzima hace su aparición a las 16 horas hacia finales de la fase logarítmica, incrementándose aceleradamente de las 24 a las 36 horas para alcanzar su máxima producción a las 60 horas en la fase estacionaria.
Of the 120 isolated microorganisms of floors of citric of the town of Huaral, 46 stumps were identified with hidrólisis capacity on the starch that they represent 38.33%, existing a prevalence of B. circulans, with 28.33%; B. Firmus, 23.91%; Faenibacillus spp. 17.39%; B. coagulns, 15.22%,; B. megaterium, 8.70%; B. alvei, 4.35%; B. Lentus, 2.17%. In the fermentation driven in upset flask with broth starch modified according to Achi, (1992) B. megaterium MFFB-UNMSM-39 reaches the biggest amylase activity with 16.55 U/mL., at 45ºC, pH 7.5, and 150 rpm; while in biorreactor of upset tank it registers a production of amylase with 25.38 U/mL., at 45ºC, pH 7.5, and 150 rpm; that represents an increment of 57.82% for effect of the aereación and agitation. In the screening when evaluating the ingredients of the substrates cassaava starch to 45ºC; pH 7.5; 75 rpm and 1.5 vvm, It meets statistical significance with α = 0.05, for cassava starch; yeast extract; sodium of citrate and chloride of calcium. In the stage of upward optimization, when the chloride of calcium is increased in 0.3 g/L, the amylase production is increased in 1% and shortens the period of latency. In the stage of final optimization has been the good values of those factors; yucca starch (X1 = 25.41 g) and chloride of calcium (X2 = 2.87 g), these values correspond to the summit of the surface answer described by the dear mathematical pattern. The enzyme amylase in biorreactor upset tank with broth starch so much of the screening, upward optimization, and final optimization, the maximum productions of the amylase enzyme were of 27.40 U/mL; 32.84 U/mL; 33.22 U/mL respectively, and the appearance of the amylase production was observed at the 20 hours toward final of the logarithmic phase, increased fasted at the 28 at 40 hours and 28 at 36 hours reaching the maximum production at the 60 hours in the stationary phase for screening and upward optimization; however in the final optimization the enzyme appears at the 16 hours toward final of the logarithmic phase, increased fasted at the 24 at 36 hours for to reach the maximum production at the 60 hours in the stationary phase.
Tesis

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Wambi, Bruno. « La Greve des battu : la femme au pluriel / ». free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9964007.

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GOURDON, FLORENCE. « Pathologies pleurales liees a l'inhalation de poussieres d'amiante : etude retrospective sur 40 cas de mesotheliomes pleuraux, diagnostiques au chru de clermont-ferrand, de decembre 1981 a septembre 1992 ». Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CLF13840.

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Boulangé-Lecomte, Céline. « Modélisation génétique de l'oncogenèse mésothéliale induite par les fibres minérales ». Paris 12, 2004. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002138290204611&vid=upec.

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Le mésothéliome est une tumeur primitive qui se développe, au niveau de la plèvre et du péritoine, après exposition à l'amiante. Les modèles animaux de mésothéliome permettent d'étudier le mécanisme de l'oncogenèse mésothéliale et d'évaluer l'efficacité de nouvelles thérapeutiques. Le gène NF2 étant fréquemment inactivé dans le mésothéliome, nous avons développé un modèle de deuxième génération, basé sur l'exposition à l'amiante de souris hétérozygotes pour une mutation du gène Nf2. Ces souris ont développé plus de tumeurs, analogues d'un point de vue histologique à celles du mésothéliome humain, que les souris sauvages. De plus, les cellules tumorales murines ont présenté des altérations moléculaires similaires à celles observées dans la pathologie humaine, tant sur le plan de la fréquence d'altération des gènes que sur le plan de leur mécanisme d'inactivation. Ces résultats renforcent la validité du modèle qui apparaît représentatif du mécanisme d'action de l'amiante sur les cellules humaines
Mesothelioma is a severe disease mainly related to asbestos exposure. The development of animal models of human mesothelioma is of interest to study the mechanisms of mesothelial carcinogenesis and to investigate the efficiency of new therapeutical strategies. Genotypic analyses of human mesotheliomas showed frequent inactivation of the NF2 gene. According to this background, we developed an experimental model of mesothelioma induced by intraperitoneal inoculation of asbestos in mice carrying a heterozygous mutation in the Nf2 gene. These mice developed more tumours, with histological features similar to those of human mesothelioma, than their wild-type counterparts. Moreover, murine tumoural cells and human mesothelioma celi lines presented similar molecular alterations, as regards both the frequency of tumour suppressor gene alterations and the rnechanisms of gene inactivation. These data stressed the validity of this murine model, which appears representative of the human pathology

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Baud, Mariette. « Biomarqueurs dans le mésothéliome pleural malin : expression de la neurotensine (NTS) et du récepteur de haute affinité de la neurotensine (NTSR1). Facteurs pronostiques, facteurs prédictifs et enjeux thérapeutiques ». Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066420.

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L’objectif de la thèse est d’évaluer les facteurs pronostiques du mésothéliome pleural malin (MPM). Des paramètres cliniques, histologiques et biologiques ont été étudiés. Une étude spécifique de l’expression de la neurotensine (NTS) et de son récepteur de haute affinité (NTSR1) a été réalisée. Méthodes : Tous les patients adressés au service de chirurgie thoracique de l’Hôtel Dieu à Paris entre 2000 et 2010 pour diagnostic de MPM par thoracoscopie ± pleurodèse ou pour son traitement chirurgical ont été inclus. L’expression de NTS et NTSR1 par les cellules tumorales, étudiée en immunohistochimie (Neurotensin FL-170, Santa Cruz Biotechnology®et NTR1 C20, Santa Cruz Biotechnology®), a été appréciée de façon semi-quantitative. Les données cliniques, biologiques et le type histologique ont été rapportés. L’analyse statistique a utilisé le student-t test, le chi-carré, la corrélation rank Spearman ou H-Test, la méthode de Kaplan-Meier et le test de log rank. Les facteurs identifiés en analyse univariée comme influençant possiblement le pronostic ont été repris en analyse multivariée par un modèle de Cox. Résultats : 202 patients : 170 thoracoscopies ± pleurodèses, 32 pleuro-pneumonectomies extra pleurales. La survie médiane était de 12 mois (IC 95%, 10-15). NTS et NTSR1 sont exprimés respectivement par 78% et 60 % des cellules tumorales. Une forte expression de NTS et NTSR1 est associée à une meilleure survie (survie médiane de 344 jours vs 227 jours et 437 jours vs 281 jours, respectivement). En analyse univariée, âge >70 ans, altération de l'état général, protéine C-réactive >50 mg/L, faible expression NTS ou NTSR1, leucocytes >12 000/mm3, score ASA III, histologie non-épithélioïde, influencent la survie. En analyse multivariée, histologie non-épithélioïde (HR 2. 068, IC 95%, 1. 19-3. 57), leucocytes >12 000/mm3 (HR 0. 44, IC 95%, 0. 23-0. 84), score ASA III (HR 0. 49, IC 95%, 0. 29-0. 84) et faible expression de NTS (HR 2. 04, IC 95%, 1. 13-3. 70), sont des facteurs pronostiques indépendants. Conclusion : NTS et NTSR1 sont surexprimés dans les MPM. L’histologie non épithélioïde, le score ASA III, une leucocytose élevée et une faible expression de NTS sont identifiés comme des facteurs indépendants de mauvais pronostic
The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the prognostic factors of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Clinical, histological and biological parameters were studied. A specific study of the expression of neurotensin (NTS ) and its high affinity receptor ( NTSR1 ) was performed. Methods: All patients referred to the thoracic surgery department of the Hotel Dieu in Paris between 2000 and 2010 for diagnosis of MPM by thoracoscopy ± pleurodesis or for its surgical treatment were included. The expression of NTS and NTSR1 by tumor cell was studied by immunohistochemistry ( Neurotensin FL- 170, Santa Cruz Biotechnology® and NTR1 C20 , Santa Cruz Biotechnology ® ) with semi-quantitative assessment. The clinical, and laboratory parameters and the histological type were reported. Statistical analysis was performed using the student t-test, chi-square, Spearman rank correlation or H- Test, Kaplan -Meier and log rank test. The factors identified by univariate analysis as possibly influencing the prognosis were included in multivariate analysis by Cox model. Results: 202 patients: 170 ± thoracoscopy ± pleurodesis, 32 radical surgery by extrapleural pneumonectomy. The median survival was 12 months (95% CI, 10-15). NTS and NTSR1 are expressed respectively by 78% and 60% of tumor cells. A strong expression of NTS and NTSR1 is associated with better survival (median survival of 344 days vs. 227 days and 437 days vs. 281 days , respectively). In univariate analysis , age> 70 years , poor general condition, C-reactive protein > 50 mg / L, or low expression NTS or NTSR1, WBC> 12 000/mm3 , ASA score III , non- epithelioid histology, influence survival. In multivariate analysis, non-epithelioid histology (HR 2. 068 , 95% CI, 1. 19-3. 57 ) , WBC> 12 000/mm3 (HR 0. 44 , 95% CI, 0. 23-0. 84 ), ASA score III (HR 0. 49, 95% CI , 0. 29-0. 84 ) and low expression of NTS ( HR 2. 04, 95% CI, 1. 13-3. 70 ) were independent prognostic factors. Conclusion: NTS and NTSR1 are overexpressed in MPM. The non-epithelioid histology, ASA score III, high leukocytosis and low expression of NTS were identified as independent prognostic factors

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Roland, Patrick. « Contribution à l'étude du broyage des amiantes et du mica muscovite ». Mulhouse, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MULH0014.

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Etude de l'influence du milieu liquide dans lequel est opéré le broyage (aqueux ou organique). Dans le cas de la muscovite, au comportement beaucoup plus complexe que celui de l'amiante, on met en évidence l'influence non seulement du milieu liquide mais aussi de la présence d'ions ou d'autres réactifs ajoutés en faibles quantités. L'ensemble des résultats s'explique en postulant l'existence d'un film d'eau aux propriétés particulières, en surface, des minéraux étudiés

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CHOUVENC, BERTIN GISELE. « L'amiante : methode de prelevement dans l'atmosphere et nouvelles reglementations ». Saint-Etienne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STET6210.

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Thompson, Maximillian. « Making friends : amity in American foreign policy ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:314db049-15df-4c1d-8a58-feaad76b1c28.

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This thesis examines an important but understudied phenomenon in international politics: the role of amity in foreign policy. The core research question is "how have American friendships for specified others been made possible?" Drawing on the logic of securitization, this thesis employs Aristotle's notion of character friends as Other Selves and Judith Butler's concept of performativity to elaborate an international process of friendship or amitization. In doing so, the thesis employs critical discourse analysis of presidential rhetoric and popular culture to elucidate the process through which discourses of similarity become naturalized frames of reference within the conduct of foreign policy. It argues that friendship emerges when a state comes to see itself in an other and that this similarity (re)produces a certain form of state identity that enables and forecloses certain policy options vis-à-vis friends. Friendship manifests in a habitual, or naturalized, disposition to treat friends better than others. As such, it can account for how certain policies and postures, such as uncritical and often unconditional support for subjects positioned as "friends," have come to be pursued as common sense. Amitization is illustrated by assessing three case studies: the Anglo-American "special relationship;" the US-Israel "unbreakable bond;" and America's membership of "the Atlantic Community." Specifically, the thesis similarly demonstrates the ways in which amity accounts for how supererogatory commitments such as vast financial assistance, diplomatic support, information sharing, security guarantees and concern for the welfare of these specified others have come to be seen as unquestionably legitimate policies in the broader trajectory of American foreign policy. Amity matters and the practices of amitization are inseparable from intelligible foreign policy.

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Biberle, Zdeněk. « Emulátor domácího počítače Amiga A500 v FPGA ». Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-363876.

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This work takes a look at existing hardware reimplementations of the Amiga 500 home computer and examines the possibility of implementing a similar solution based on the Minerva a and Pipistrello development platforms. The result of this work is an emulator od the Amiga 500 based on a combinator of both platforms.

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Tarrés, Olivella Josep. « Patologia per amiant a la comarca del Vallès Occidental (Barcelona) ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668035.

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INTRODUCCIÓ: L’amiant o asbest es un mineral que ha estat molt utilitzat per la industria de l’estat espanyol durant el segle XX, la inhalació d’aquest silicat pot provocar patologia pleuropulmonar a Cerdanyola del Vallès, comarca del Vallès Occidental de la província de Barcelona es va instal·lar i va estar en funcionament durant 90 anys la major fabrica del país de fibrociment, del que l’amiant és un dels principals components. OBJECTIU: L’objectiu principal ha estat valorar si l’activitat industrial d’aquesta fàbrica de fibrociment ha condicionat l’estat de salut de les poblacions properes. Altres objectius han estat elaborar un protocol d’estudi que fos d’utilitat per a futurs treballs i contribuir a establir els factors determinants de la distribució dels mesoteliomes pleurals d’origen ambiental en aquesta comarca. MÈTODE: Aquesta memòria de tesi s’estructura mitjançant l’anàlisi de dos articles prèviament publicats en revistes científiques indexades. RESULTATS: En la primera publicació s’ha posat de manifest que davant de la presencia d’un focus emissor de fibres d’amiant que actua com agent contaminador, la distància i els factors meteorològics locals són els determinants de la distribució dels pacients afectats de mesotelioma pleural d’origen ambiental. En la segona publicació cal significar què es presenta un protocol d’estudi de les patologies per amiant i que aquest, constitueix una eina per aprofundir en la investigació d’aquestes afeccions. CONCLUSIONS: La conclusió general és que els resultats exposats confirmen la hipòtesi global de que l’activitat de la fàbrica de fibrociment ha condicionat l’estat de salut dels habitants de la comarca, no tant sols dels treballadors de la factoria sinó també dels convivents amb treballadors i també dels ciutadans que residien a prop de la mateixa. En aquest últim grup de exposats les conclusions han estat què la distancia del seu domicili al focus emissor i les característiques dels vents locals (direcció i intensitat) tenen un marcat impacte en el risc de desenvolupar un mesotelioma d’origen ambiental. Del segon article la conclusió es de que ara disposem d’un protocol d’estudi científic què és podrà utilitzar per a futurs treballs de investigació.
INTRODUCTION; Asbestos or asbestos is a mineral that has been widely used by industry in Spain during the 20th century, the inhalation of this silicate can cause pleuropulmonary disease in Cerdanyola del Vallès, the region of the Vallès Occidental in the province of Barcelona It was installed and was operating for 90 years the largest factory in the country of cement, of which asbestos is one of the main components. OBJECTIVE: The main objective was to assess whether the industrial activity of this fibrocement factory has conditioned the health status of nearby populations. Other objectives have been to elaborate a study protocol that would be useful for future work and contribute to establishing the determinants of the distribution of pleural mesotheliomas of environmental origin in this region. METHOD: This thesis report is structured through the analysis of two articles previously published in indexed scientific journals. RESULTS: In the first publication it has been shown that in view of the presence of an asbestos-emitting spotlight that acts as a contaminating agent, distance and local weather factors are the determinants of the distribution of affected patients of pleural mesothelioma of environmental origin. In the second publication, it is necessary to indicate what is presented as a protocol for the study of pathologies for asbestos, and that this is a tool to deepen in the investigation of these conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The general conclusion is that the results shown confirm the global hypothesis that the activity of the fibrocement factory has conditioned the state of health of the inhabitants of the region, not only of the workers of the factory but also of the coexistence with workers and also of the citizens who resided near it. In the latter group of exposures, the conclusions have been that the distance from home to the emitting focus and the characteristics of local winds (direction and intensity) have a marked impact on the risk of developing mesothelioma of environmental origin. From the second article, the conclusion is that we now have a scientific study protocol which can be used for future research work.

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Zaragoza, De Leon Jeanette de los Ángeles. « The Critical Translation and Interpreting Stories of the Amistad Case ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/14110.2018.495168.

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This doctoral thesis entitled, "The Critical Translation and Interpreting Stories of the Amistad Case," unravels the role and impact of the interpreting and translation matters in the Amistad Case. Until now, academic and colloquial versions of the story have mentioned the intervention of a court interpreter (s) who enabled the African-Amistad-Mendi to testify in their defense in court. This researched revealed 13 interpreters involved in the case. The abolitionists who organized the recruitment for the linguistic mediator knew that this represented the critical strategy for a chance to win the trial in a socio-political context divided along pro-slavery and anti-slavery ideologies and policies. Nineteenth century courts lacked a judicial mandate to provide linguistic rights for LEPs. This dissertation investigates how IT matters responded to the political and racial background shaping the development of the Amistad story applying a Critical Race Theory lens.
Esta tesis doctoral titulada "The Critical Translation and Interpreting Stories of the Amistad Case" pone de manifiesto los importantes aspectos traductológicos y de interpretación que facilitaron el desarrollo del caso judicial de La Amistad. Los cristianos abolicionistas lideraron la búsqueda de un intérprete judicial como la única estrategia más confiable para lograr la liberación de los africanos que habían tomado posesión de la goleta Amistad. Los españoles que capiteaban la goleta lo hacían contreveniendo acuerdos internacionales vigentes en el 1839 en contra de la trata esclava. Cuando la marina EEUU remolcó la goleta, el país se encontraba dividido entre posturas esclavistas y anti esclavistas. El lado pro esclavista hizo todo lo posible para impugnar al intérprete previo y al comienzo del juicio sin éxito. Esta investigación académica indaga sobre los asuntos cruciales de interpretación y traducción aplicando un filtro metodológico conocido como Critical Race Theory.
Programa de Doctorat en Llengües Aplicades, Literatura i Traducció

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Menezes, Marco Antonio Carneiro. « O uso do amianto e avaliacao de impacto na saude ». Rio de Janeiro : [s.n.], 2001. http://teses.cict.fiocruz.br/pdf/menezesmacm.pdf.

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Séguier, Fabrice. « Amiante et droit : contribution à l'élaboration d'un droit de l'amiante ». Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON10007.

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L'amiante est une fibre minérale qui peut pénétrer dans les alvéoles pulmonaires. Sa dangerosité est connue depuis au moins le 19ème siècle mais, produit miracle, pour ses qualités thermiques, d'imputrescibilité et d'absorption acoustique , elle a été abondamment utilisée dans la construction. En 1996 l' ''affaire de l'air contaminé'' est portée à la connaissance du public alors que jusqu'ici la prise de position des gouvernements face à de puissants lobbies était hasardeuse, la France prend une position plus ferme en s'attirant les foudres du Canada, son principal fournisseur. En réglementant tout d'abord, puis en interdisant de manière catégorique l'utilisation du ''magic minéral''. La conjonction du doute scientifique et de l'inertie de l'Etat, de la pression des lobbies industriels explique une réglementation tardive. Le retard pris dans l'édiction des normes qui constituent aujourd'hui ''le droit de l'amiante'' découle de légèreté, de négligence et de concurrence entre nations productrices. La faute de l'état est donc revisitée au regard du '' principe de précaution '' appliqué en quelques sortes ''rétroactivement''. Les nombreux intéressés sont destinataires d'obligations étendues, mais ne savent pas toujours que faire tant la réglementation est complexe ; de plus, une évolution de jurisprudence que personne n'aurait pu prévoir aussi favorable aux victimes il y a quelques années, s'effectue dans un contexte d'affaire sanitaires et sociales trop nombreuses et trop graves. D'autre part, des responsabilités inattendues ont vu le jour avec le nouveau dispositif. De nouvelles professions sont apparues avec le contrôle et les travaux à effectuer dans le cadre de la réglementation de 1996. Ces nombreux cas de figure permettent d'aborder les sanctions possibles. Il est donc temps de faire le bilan des imperfections juridiques de ce volumineux ensemble réglementaire et contribuer ainsi à l'élaboration du ''droit de l'amiante''. Les maladresses, qu'elles aient été prévisibles ou non, se sont principalement matérialisées sur le terrain. Pourtant les pouvoirs publics n'ont pas systématiquement corrigé les vices qui en ont été la cause, consistant en quelques lignes souvent en quelques mots.

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Menezes, Marco Antônio Carneiro. « O uso do amianto e avaliaçäo de impacto na saúde ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2001. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/5175.

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Made available in DSpace on 2012-09-06T01:12:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 229.pdf: 2676574 bytes, checksum: 475aa6f6338da10569c40365566c9cfd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001
O amianto é uma substância reconhecidamente cancerígena, largamente utilizada no país como matéria-prima em diversos ramos da indústria. A experiência do seu uso no Brasil, exemplifica o problema da importaçäo de tecnologia e processos perigosos para uso em grande escala, sem um estudo de impacto à saúde. Um estudo de estimativa de casos divulgado pela ECO/OPS-OMS, indica que do período atual até o ano de 2010, o Estados Unidos teräo 1,6 milhöes de mortes relacionadas a trabalhadores expostos ao amianto. Nossa realidade vem revelando os inúmeros casos de adoecimento e mortes, causados pelo uso desta substância, e atualmente no país, discute-se o custo benefício do seu uso e os diversos setores da sociedade debatem o uso controlado ou o banimento. O atual estágio do desenvolvimento tecnológico, a pressäo social e questöes de ordem político/econômica, apontam a substituiçäo do amianto por outras fibras como uma realidade. Para subsidiar estas discussöes e a tomada de decisäo, é importante dar visibilidade a realidade brasileira quanto aos agravos a saúde e ao meio ambiente e, a determinaçäo do nível de risco e prevalência das doenças causadas pelo uso desta substância. Aplica a metodologia para avaliaçäo e gerenciamento de riscos-EPA/OMS e a adequaçäo proposta por Landrigan, 1999, para calcular o risco relativo, nos processos de remoçäo e setor de fiaçäo na indústria têxtil.

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Kruger, David Johannes Donnavan. « Tadpole morphology of high altitude frogs from the Drakensberg mountains / D.J.D. Kruger ». Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4464.

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This study resulted from the identification of gaps in the literature pertaining to the morphological descriptions of the tadpoles occurring at high altitudes in the Drakensberg Mountains in South Africa. These tadpoles are exposed to low temperatures, high desiccation risk, elevated ultraviolet radiation, competition, and predation and inhabit the clear, flowing streams and marsh areas of the mountain. Highly varying environmental conditions caused tadpoles to have considerable intraspecific variation. The high degree of plasticity necessitated extensive descriptive studies of tadpole morphology in order to document intraspecific variation and set up reliable keys for species identification. Specified adaptations to the extreme montane conditions are present in tadpoles of certain species. An especially interesting adaptation is the elygium, a hemispherical pigmented area above the eye, which apparently protects the retina from harmful ultraviolet radiation. There are no known studies of elygium plasticity in tadpole eyes in relation to variation in ultraviolet radiation. Particular attention was given to the functionality and cytology of this structure. Detailed measurements of tadpoles of six frog species of the high altitude Drakensberg Mountains were made. Morphological adaptations were described on the basis of these measurements. The cytological origin of the elygium of Amietia vertebralis was revealed through histological and cellular ultrastructure studies. The change in elygium morphology over time was studied as a function of ultraviolet intensity by exposing tadpoles to different levels of ultraviolet radiation. From the detailed morphological descriptions a more reliable binomial key was constructed, which made it possible to distinguish between Amietia umbraculata and A. vertebralis. A new amended definition of the epidermal elygium can now be given as an area of melanophores originating from the pigmented epithelium of the retina, forming a hemispherical shape from the dorsal margin of the iris. It is positioned in such a way as to protect the retina when light enters directly from above. This empirical study of the functional significance of the elygium showed that elygium morphology was considerably plastic, and that there were differences in elygium area and base length in the presence or absence of UVB radiation. In the presence of high UV radiation tadpoles produced an elygium with a broader base rather than longer elygia with a larger area. A wider elygium base shaded the pupil more effectively, thus protecting the retina from harmful UV radiation. The presence of a ventral elygium was also discovered.
Thesis (M.Sc. (Environmental Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

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Daghino, Stefania. « Rischio amianto nelle Alpi Occidentali : utilizzo di funghi del suolo in processi di biorisanamento di fibre di amianto in un ambiante naturale ; un'analisi integrata chimico-molecolare ». Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE10235.

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L'étude de l'impact des champignons sur les processus géologiques qui altèrent les mineraux s'appelle la “géo-mycologie”. Les serpentinites sont des roches de la famille des ophiolites et peuvent contenir du chrysotile (amiante serpentine). La réactivité des fibres d'amiante est due à la composition chimique de surface et principalement à la présence d'ions métalliques qui peuvent catalyser des réactions chimiques dangereuses. L'amiante est un problème ambiantale à cause de la présence de roches contenant ce minéral mais aussi à cause des anciennes mines d'amiante. La revalorisation (remediation) de ces sites naturellement contaminés passe par la modification de la toxicité des fibres. Les champignons sont des bons candidats pour la bioremediation de l'amiante. L'objectif de cette thèse est l'isolement de souches fongiques à partir de sols serpentiniques afin de savoir quelles sont les espèces fongiques les plus abondantes dans ces sols et de sélectionner les souches les plus efficaces pour leur interaction avec les fibres d'amiantes. Les modifications des fibres et l'altération du métabolisme fongique ont été considérés. Verticillium leptobactrum semble être l'espèce fongique dominante dans tous les sols serpentiniques examinés : cette espèce n'avait jusque là été que rarement isolée, ce qui rend ces résultats intéressants. Trois espèces fongique peuvent extraire Fe et Mg des fibres de amiante (chrysotile et crocidolite), en modifiant la composition et la réactivité chimique de la surface de fibres et la génotoxicité mesuré dans un système acellulaire. Les champignons expriment, en présence des fibres, des enzymes liés à la réponse aux stress oxydants
The interaction of soil fungi with rocks and minerals is called geomycology. Serpentine rocks belong to the ophiolites family and can contain chrysotile (serpentine asbestos). Asbestos fibres reactivity is related to their surface chemical composition, i. G. The presence of iron, catalysing free radicals release, which is harmful for cells and tissues. Asbestos represents an environmental issue, related not only to serpentine rocks naturally exposed and weathered, but also (and mainly) to asbestos mines and wastes. Soil fungi are good candidates for the bioremediation of asbestos rich soils. The main goal of this thesis is the isolation of soil fungi from asbestos rich soils and the selection of the more suitable to interact and modify asbestos fibres in vitro. The metabolic responses of fungi are also investigated. Verticillium leptobactrum is the most abundant specie in all the serpentinic soils considered. This and interesting result, since this specie has bees previously seldom isolated. V. Leptobactrum and other fungal species are able to extract iron and magnesium from chrysotile and crocidolite fibres, modifying their surface chemical composition and reactivity, and their génotoxicity (in acellular experiments). The fungi express anti-oxydant enzymes

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Bárcena, Reynoso Jorge Antonio. « La amistad y el «cuidado de sí» como formas de relación terapéutica : una investigación sobre la psicología y prácticas terapéuticas del epicureísmo ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673292.

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Mucho se ha escrito acerca del valor y el papel de la amistad en la filosofía epicúrea, poco, sin embargo, acerca de su dimensión moral y terapéutica. Esta tesis examina la amistad epicúrea como una relación terapéutica, es decir, la asociación y el vínculo entre un filósofo terapeuta (o maestro) y un paciente (o estudiante) orientada al progreso moral y la salud psicológica. Para los epicúreos, la amistad es una parte crucial de la vida placentera y virtuosa, así como una condición necesaria para la obtención de la tranquilidad y el florecimiento humano. No obstante, para llegar a ser un auténtico filósofo, todo aprendiz de epicúreo debe fundar una relación consigo mismo, mediante la práctica de ejercicios morales y espirituales que, en muchos casos, son la continuación individual de la amistad filosófica. Por tal razón, el epicureísmo, como forma de vida, comprende filosofar con uno o varios amigos y filosofar con uno mismo. El segundo enfoque se relaciona con la concepción de la filosofía como terapia del alma y la práctica filosófica del «cuidado de sí», la cual analizo como otra forma de relación terapéutica. Para alcanzar este objetivo, afirmo la existencia de una interrelación entre el amigo (philoi) y el “compañero filosófico” ―i. e. la persona con quien se practica la filosofía (sunephilosóphoun)―. Por consiguiente, examino la base del epicureísmo para explicar la sustancia de esta amistad filosófica. También analizo el papel del amigo como guía espiritual, maestro moral y médico del alma, en el contexto de la vida comunal de los epicúreos, análisis que conduce a la descripción de las prácticas psicagógicas de exhortación, guía, corrección y tratamiento. Posteriormente, propongo un análisis de los fundamentos psicológicos del epicureísmo, incluyendo el comportamiento humano, la agencia moral y las emociones. Finalmente, desarrollo algunas técnicas y estrategias terapéuticas del epicureísmo, en concordancia con ciertos métodos e intenciones, que pueden comprenderse como la respuesta pragmática a las causas del sufrimiento humano y la infelicidad. Practicar el “examen de las creencias” y las estrategias de la tanatología epicúrea supone el cultivo de amistades filosóficas y el cuidado de sí.
Much has been written on the value and role of friendship in Epicurean philosophy, however, little has been said on its moral and therapeutic dimension. This thesis examines Epicurean friendship as a therapeutic relation, that is, the association and bond between a philosophical therapist (or teacher) and a patient (or student), oriented towards moral progress and the healing of the soul. I argue that, for the Epicureans, friendship was a crucial part of the pleasurable and virtuous life, and a necessary condition for the achievement of tranquility and human flourishing. Nevertheless, in order to become a true philosopher, every apprentice of Epicureanism would have to engage in a relationship with oneself, by practicing moral and therapeutic exercises, which, in many cases, are the individual continuation of philosophical friendship. For this reason, I argue that Epicureanism, as a way of life, understood philosophizing with one or many friends as well as philosophizing with oneself. The second approach is related both to the Epicurean conception of philosophy as therapy of the soul and the philosophical practice of the «care of the self», which I study as a form of therapeutic relationship. To reach such a goal, I claim the existence of an interrelation between the friend (philoi) and the “philosophical partner” ―i. e. the person with whom to practice philosophy (sunephilosóphoun)―. Subsequently, I examine the basis of Epicureanism in order to explain the substance of this philosophical friendship. I then analyze the role of the friend as spiritual guide, moral teacher and physician of the soul, in the context of the Epicurean communal life, which leads to the description of psicagogical practices of exhortation, guidance, correction and treatment. Next, I propose an analysis of the psychological foundations of Epicureanism, including the understanding of human behaviour, moral agency and the emotions. Finally, I develop some of the Epicurean therapeutic techniques and strategies, in line with certain methods and intentions, that can be understood as the pragmatic response to the causes of human suffering and unhappiness. To practice the “examination of beliefs” or Epicurean thanatology requires one to engage in philosophical friendships and the care of the self.

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Rubini, Béatrice. « Etudes de toxicité de l'amiante au niveau cellulaire ». Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P077.

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Genin, Guillaume Paris Christophe. « Suivi des salariés et retraités professionnellement exposés à l'amiante définition des populations cibles à partir des résultats d'une étude nationale / ». [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2007_GENIN_GUILLAUME.pdf.

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Trallero, Cordero Maria del Mar. « La huella de la amistad en los exilios de Concha Méndez ». Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1530.

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The poet, dramatist, and scriptwriter Concha Méndez (1898-1986), like many of the women of the Spanish Generation of 27, has been forgotten by the scholars that have been working in this generation. Few articles analyze the work done by Concha Méndez, but there are still some of Méndezs texts that are unknown and so many questions about her work that we already know. As far as we know Méndez was influenced by her generations colleagues, such as the poets Alberti and Lorca. We dont know anything about the influence from her women colleagues. Concha Méndez was not only supported by her family, but she was condemned and rejected for being a woman who did not follow the social rules in those times in Spain. But she decided to be a poet and an independent woman. In order to pursue that, she had to suffer exile many times during her life. In her first exile Méndez met Maruja Mallo, a painter who was always breaking the socials rules and fighting for the liberation of women. Together they enjoyed an intellectual life and they contributed to enrich it and to destroy the image of woman as an obedient and submissive mother and wife. After that experience, she traveled to Argentina. She was in her second exile when she met Consuelo Berges, a writer. Berges offered her friendship to Méndez and also her influence in intellectual circles. Later, when Méndez had to suffer political exile after the Spanish Civil War, she reinforced her friendship with María Zambrano, a philosopher who also lived in exile and who was always there to advise her about her works and support her from the pain of many personal incidents. All these friendships are traces in her work. My thesis is going to study all these traces in order to better know Méndezs works and also to expand the study of the women in the Generation of 27, which has been studied from a mans perspective very well but still lacks study from a womans point of view.

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Stanlake, Louisa Janet Easton. « Yttrium amidate complexes : fundamental reactivity and applications in catalysis and polymerization ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7589.

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Rare-earth complexes are attractive catalyst systems due to their low cost, low toxicity and high reactivity. Modular ligand sets are ideal for complex formation since the steric and electronic properties of the resultant metal complexes can be easily varied. This thesis explores the structure and reactivity of new yttrium amidate complexes, which combine the highly reactive metal with the modular amidate ligand set. A library of tris, bis and mono(amidate) yttrium complexes have been directly synthesized from yttrium tris(trimethylsilyl)amidate and simple amide proligands. The tris(amidate) yttrium complexes are highly active initiators of ring-opening polymerization of Ɛ-caprolactone, yielding some of the largest molecular weight values for poly(Ɛ-caprolactone) reported. The initiation of this polymerization is proposed to be ligand initiated; however, a side-reaction is postulated where formation of a Ɛ-caprolactone-enolate yttrium complex results in broad polydispersity values of the resultant polymers. The bis(amidate) yttrium complexes are also excellent precatalysts for the hydroamination of aminoalkenes. Simple modification to the amidate backbone to include electron-withdrawing groups was found to significantly enhance reaction efficiency. These catalysts can mediate cyclohydroamination with both primary and secondary amine containing substrates. The mono(amidate) yttrium complexes were also investigated as novel precursors for the synthesis of the elusive terminal yttrium imido complex. Mixed anilido/amidate yttrium complexes were synthesized in high yield and a-H abstraction and deprotonation reactions were attempted in the hopes of isolating a crystalline compound. The addition of monodentate and neutral donors was required for isolation and characterization of the key reactive intermediates. This new family of yttrium complexes has proven to be very successful in preliminary catalytic studies. The ease with which the complexes can be synthesized and their steric and electronic properties make these complexes ideal for further catalytic investigations.

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Ramos, Regiane Corrêa de Oliveira. « Entre Oriente e Ocidente : as vozes das travessias em Amitav Ghosh ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8147/tde-20092011-093307/.

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A literatura indiana de lingua inglesa desenvolveu uma identidade própria desde que o gênero romance foi levado para o subcontinente indiano pelos ingleses no século XIX. O encontro desse romance com as narrativas orais e as tradições locais favoreceu um tratamento diferente do tempo e do espaço nas obras. Esta disertação tem por objetivo analisar dois romances de Amitav Ghosh, The Shadow Lines (1988) e The Hungry Tide (2004), tendo como foco as questões relativas ao tempo e ao espaço, às fronteiras, às grandes e perquenas narrativas e às figuras femininas nelas retratadas. Ao ultrapassar os limites impostos pelos ideais nacionalistas e patriarcais, a mulher dos romances de Amitav Ghosh cruza as fronteiras culturais e sociais, rompendo com os padrões atribuídos a ela. Sua capacidade de transformar um espaço, vista antes como uma tribuição do homem, é folcalizada nas duas obras estudadas. Se Ghosh questiona as grandes narratibas em contraponto com as pequenas, as quais retratam as pessoas excluídas da historiografia oficial, e redefinem o papel da mulher na sociedade que atua, quais são os conflitos gerados por esse contraponto? O ato de cruzar das fronteiras é um espaço simbólico das transformações e rupturas originadas pela ação feminina ou elas não dependem da mulher? Na nossa apreciação, a agência política da mulher propicia tais transformações, devido às rupturas ligadas ao processo do deslocamento, e acontecem em dois níveis: no sujeito, na busca identitária do pertecimento, analisada no primeiro capítulo com o romance The Shadow Lines, e no da prática social pela agência do próprio sujeito, assim como apresentado no romance The Hungry Tide. Um dos tópicos analisados na dissertação é a representação da mulher como agente dessas rupturas por meio dos diferentes recursos textuais usados pelo narrador. Desde uma perspectiva da teoria pós -colonial, destacamos nas duas obras o uso de paralelismos históricos e sociais como via de entendimento dos dramas e lutas pessoais. Tendo a consciência de que todas as narrativas, sejam oficiais ou secundárias, caminham lado a lado estabelecendo relações conflituosas, ressaltando o papel das personagens femininas, cujos recorrentes deslocamentos questionam e problematizam os paradigmas sociais vigentes e constroem espaços simbólicos que se configuram pelo cruzamento de fronteiras geográficas e sócio-culturais.
Indian literature in english has developed its own identity since the genre novel was taken to the Indian subcontinent by the British in the 19th century. The encounter of the novel with the oral narratives and the local traditions made different ways of dealing with space and time in the works possible. The main purpose of this dissertation is to analyse two of Amitav Ghosh\'s novels, The Shadow Lines (1988) and The Hungry Tide (2004), focusing on the questions related to time and space, frontiers, history, and stories and the female characters depicted in them. Crossing the borders imposed by nationalist and patriarcal ideals, woman ideals, womam in Ghosh\'s novels crosses cultural and social frontiers, breaking stereotypes and social patterns given to them. Her ability to transform a space, normally dominated by men, is studied in the two novels. If Ghosh questions history as opposed to stories which depict peopel excluded from national historiography, redefining the woman\'s role in the society where she lives, which are the conflicts that spring from this opposition? Is the act of crossing borders a symbolic space of transformation and ruputures caused by female action, or do these ruptures not depend on the women? According to our view, woman\'s political agency provides these transformations, due to the broken bonds resulting from the process of dislocation, and they happen on two levels: the level of the subject , in her desire for bellonging, analyzed in the first chapter with the novel The Shadow Lines, and the level of social practice by the subject agency, as represented in the novel The Hungry Tide. Onde of the themes analyzed in this dissertation is the representation of woman as the agent of these ruptures through different literary approaches used by the narrator.Following the post-colonialtheory, we highlight in the two novels the use of historical and social parallelisms as a means of understanding the dramas and human predicaments. Being aware that all narratives, primary or secondary, have the same background, establishing conflicting relations, we point out the role of female characters, whose various displacements question and challenge the existing social paradigms and construct symbolic spaces which are built up by crossing geographical, social and cultural frontiers.

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Martins, Maria Antónia Poupas. « Empresa amiga do aleitamento materno : desenvolvimento de candidatura ». Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/21877.

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O aleitamento materno é um conceito milenar. Com a sociedade moderna, a industrialização e a força de interesses económicos, este conceito empobreceu e é necessário (re)aprendê-lo. São necessários esforços conjuntos das várias entidades e agentes de saúde. Perante a solicitação de empresa local, desenhou-se um projeto, com o objetivo de desenvolver a candidatura da TE Connetivity a Empresa Amiga do Aleitamento Materno. Na carência de modelos nacionais, o projeto orienta-se para o modelo da World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action de 5 passos. As intervenções realizadas, contextualizadas no momento académico, orientaram-se para diagnóstico de situação, formação sobre aleitamento materno na empresa, construção de materiais educativos, definição de políticas promotoras. Foram acautelados procedimentos e princípios éticos. Conclui-se e sublinha-se a importância da defesa e proteção das mulheres que amamentam e trabalham. O dossier de candidatura e a carta de intenção foram presentes à Presidente da Comissão Nacional Iniciativa Amiga dos Bebés; ABSTRACT: Breastfeeding Friendly Workplace Breastfeeding is a millenarian concept. In modern societies, facts that gave development, like industry, economic interest, impoverished the concept, and it´s necessary to learn it again. Joint efforts of the various entities and health workers are needed. At the request of a local company, a project was designed, and the aim is to develop the candidacy of TE Connetivity to the title of breastfeeding-friendly company. In the absence of national models, the project is oriented toward the 5-step World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action. The interventions carried out, contextualized in the academic moment, were oriented to diagnosis of situation, training on breastfeeding, construction of educational materials, definition of promoting policies. Procedures and ethical principles were taken care of. It concludes and stresses the importance of advocacy and protection for breastfeeding at work. The application dossier and the letter of intent were presented to the President of the National Baby Friendly Initiative.

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CLAUDEL, REGIS. « Reconstitution et etude d'une cohorte de 170 travailleurs retraites anciennement exposes a l'amiante ». Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU31573.

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ROMERO, BISOGNO MARIE-JOSE. « Validation de l'etude metrologique en microscopie electronique sur biopsies thoracoscopiques des sujets exposes a l'amiante ». Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX20399.

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Diebold, Valérie. « Amiante et cancers digestifs : discussion à propos d'une observation : revue de la littérature ». Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR1M024.

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