Bibliographies thématiques / Ambiguity attitudes

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Ambiguity attitudes »

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Publié le 11 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Ambiguity attitudes"

Liu, Yuanyuan, et Ayse Onculer. « Ambiguity Attitudes over Time ». Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 30, n^o 1 (9 novembre 2015) : 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdm.1922.

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Voorhoeve, Alex, Ken Binmore, Arnaldur Stefansson et Lisa Stewart. « Ambiguity attitudes, framing, and consistency ». Theory and Decision 81, n^o 3 (30 mars 2016) : 313–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11238-016-9544-1.

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Baillon, Aurélien, et Aysil Emirmahmutoglu. « ZOOMING IN ON AMBIGUITY ATTITUDES ». International Economic Review 59, n^o 4 (3 août 2018) : 2107–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/iere.12331.

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Enoki, Hiroyuki, Munenaga Koda, Sayako Nishimura et Tsuyoshi Kondo. « Effects of attitudes towards ambiguity on subclinical depression and anxiety in healthy individuals ». Health Psychology Open 6, n^o 1 (janvier 2019) : 205510291984061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055102919840619.

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This study aims to examine the effects of multidimensional attitudes towards ambiguity on subclinical depression and anxiety in healthy individuals. Attitudes Towards Ambiguity Scale, consisting of four clusters (enjoyment, anxiety, exclusion, and noninterference), Self-Rating Depression Scale, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory–trait version were administered to 1019 Japanese volunteers. The result of a regression analysis suggested that the score of Attitudes Towards Ambiguity Scale–enjoyment factor significantly contributed to the Self-Rating Depression Scale score while that of Attitudes Towards Ambiguity Scale–anxiety factor significantly contributed to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory–trait score. Among attitudes toward ambiguity, enjoyment may have protective effects against subclinical depression whereas anxiety can enhance anxiety-trait in nonclinical individuals.

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Blankenstein, Neeltje E., Jiska S. Peper, Eveline A. Crone et Anna C. K. van Duijvenvoorde. « Neural Mechanisms Underlying Risk and Ambiguity Attitudes ». Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 29, n^o 11 (novembre 2017) : 1845–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01162.

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Individual differences in attitudes to risk (a taste for risk, known probabilities) and ambiguity (a tolerance for uncertainty, unknown probabilities) differentially influence risky decision-making. However, it is not well understood whether risk and ambiguity are coded differently within individuals. Here, we tested whether individual differences in risk and ambiguity attitudes were reflected in distinct neural correlates during choice and outcome processing of risky and ambiguous gambles. To these ends, we developed a neuroimaging task in which participants ( n = 50) chose between a sure gain and a gamble, which was either risky or ambiguous, and presented decision outcomes (gains, no gains). From a separate task in which the amount, probability, and ambiguity level were varied, we estimated individuals' risk and ambiguity attitudes. Although there was pronounced neural overlap between risky and ambiguous gambling in a network typically related to decision-making under uncertainty, relatively more risk-seeking attitudes were associated with increased activation in valuation regions of the brain (medial and lateral OFC), whereas relatively more ambiguity-seeking attitudes were related to temporal cortex activation. In addition, although striatum activation was observed during reward processing irrespective of a prior risky or ambiguous gamble, reward processing after an ambiguous gamble resulted in enhanced dorsomedial PFC activation, possibly functioning as a general signal of uncertainty coding. These findings suggest that different neural mechanisms reflect individual differences in risk and ambiguity attitudes and that risk and ambiguity may impact overt risk-taking behavior in different ways.

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Bassanin, Marzio, Ester Faia et Valeria Patella. « Ambiguity attitudes and the leverage cycle ». Journal of International Economics 129 (mars 2021) : 103436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2021.103436.

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Berger, Loïc, et Valentina Bosetti. « Characterizing ambiguity attitudes using model uncertainty ». Journal of Economic Behavior & ; Organization 180 (décembre 2020) : 621–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2020.02.014.

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NISHIMURA, Sayako. « Attitudes towards ambiguity and multidimensional empathy ». Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 77 (19 septembre 2013) : 2AM—007–2AM—007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.77.0_2am-007.

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NISHIMURA, Sayako. « Attitudes towards ambiguity in psychotherapy(2) ». Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 75 (15 septembre 2011) : 1PM049. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.75.0_1pm049.

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Watkin, Thomas Glyn. « Bilingual Legislation : Awareness, Ambiguity, and Attitudes ». Statute Law Review 37, n^o 2 (2 septembre 2014) : 116–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/slr/hmu031.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Ambiguity attitudes"

Robinson, Jennifer J. « Mindfulness, Tolerance of Ambiguity, and Attitudes Toward Interracial Relationships ». Thesis, Alliant International University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13426037.

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This investigation considered the relationship among attitudes toward interracial relationships, tolerance of ambiguity, and mindfulness using a correlational design. The exploratory research question was: Does a tolerance of ambiguity plays a role in the acceptance of interracial relationships? Adult participants (N = 253) between the ages of 18 and 78 included male, female, and genderqueer adult individuals in the United States. Participants were recruited through online advertisements. They responded to items on a demographic questionnaire, along with four assessment instruments measuring mindfulness (MAAS), tolerance for ambiguity (MSTAT-II), attitudes toward interracial relationships (ATID), and cognitive load (WPM). The key finding in this study was that level of mindfulness was positively related to the level of tolerance for ambiguity (p < .001). However, no significant relationships among mindfulness, cognitive load, or attitudes toward interracial relationships were found. Results for the variable measuring attitudes toward interracial relationships was heavily skewed in the negative direction, indicating a very accepting group, which influenced the nature of data analysis.

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Wood, Gary W. « Intolerance of ambiguity, gender stereotypes, and attitudes to sexuality ». Thesis, Aston University, 2000. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/12251/.

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The premise of this thesis is that Western thought is characterised by the need to enforce binary classification in order to structure the world. Classifications of sexuality and gender both embody this tendency, which has been largely influenced by Judeo-Christian tradition. Thus, it is argued that attitudes to sexuality, particularly homosexuality are, in part, a function of the way in which we seek to impose structure on the world. From this view, it is (partly) the ambiguity, inherent in gender and sexual variation, which evokes negative responses. The thesis presents a series of inter-linked studies examining attitudes to various aspects of human sexuality, including the human body, non-procreative sex acts (anal an oral sex) and patterns of sexuality that depart from the hetero-homo dichotomy. The findings support the view that attitudes to sexuality are significantly informed by gender-role stereotypes, with negative attitudes linked to intolerance of ambiguity. Male participants show large differences in their evaluations of male and female bodies, and of male and female sexual actors, than do female participants. Male participants also show a greater negativity to gay male sexual activity than do female participants, but males perceive lesbian sexuality similarly to heterosexuality. Male bodies are rated as being less 'permeable' than female bodies and male actors are more frequently identified as being the instigators of sexual acts. Crucial to the concept of heterosexism is the assumption that 'femininity' is considered inherently inferior to 'masculinity'. Hence, the findings provide an empirical basis for making connections between heterosexism and sexism, and therefore between the psychology of women, and gay and lesbian psychology.

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Nebout, Antoine. « Decision making under compound uncertainty : experimental study of ambiguity attitudes and sequential choice behavior ». Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10051.

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Cette thèse appartient au domaine de la théorie de la décision en situation d'incertitude. Elle vise à comprendre, décrire, et représenter les choix individuels dans différents contextes de décision. Notre travail se concentre sur le fait que le comportement économique est souvent influencé par la structure et le déroulement de la résolution de l'incertitude. Dans une première expérience nous avons confronté nos sujets à différents types d'incertitude – à savoir du risque (probabilités connues), de l'incertain (probabilités inconnues), du risque composé et de l'incertain composé – en utilisant des mécanismes aléatoires particuliers. Le chapitre 1 analyse l'hétérogénéité des attitudes individuelles face à l'ambiguïté, au risque composé et à l'incertain composé alors que dans le chapitre 2, le modèle d'espérance d'utilité à dépendance du rang est utilisé comme outil de mesure afin d'étudier en détails ces attitudes au niveau individuel. Le chapitre 3 confronte à l'expérience l'interprétation de l'ambiguïté en terme de croyances de second ordre et propose une méthode d'élicitation de la fonction qui caractérise l'attitude face à l'ambiguïté dans les modèles « récursifs » de décision face à l'incertain. La seconde partie de la thèse s'intéresse aux comportements de décision individuelle dans un contexte dynamique et est composée de deux études expérimentales indépendantes. Néanmoins, elles reposent toutes deux sur la décomposition de l'axiome d'indépendance en trois axiomes dynamiques: conséquentialisme, cohérence dynamique et réduction des loteries composées. Le chapitre 4 rapporte les résultats d'une expérience de décision individuelle sur les facteurs de violations de chacun de ces axiomes. Le chapitre 5 présente une catégorisation conceptuelle des comportements individuels dans des problèmes de décision séquentiels face au risque. Le cas des agents ne se conformant pas à l'axiome d'indépendance y est étudié de façon systématique et les résultats d'une expérience spécialement conçue pour tester cette catégorisation sont présentés
This thesis belongs to the domain of decision theory under uncertainty and aims to understand, describe and represent individual choices in various decision contexts. Our work focuses on the fact that economic behavior is often influenced by the structure and the timing of resolution of uncertainty. In a first experimental part, we confronted subjects with different types of uncertainty, namely risk (known probabilities), uncertainty (unknown probabilities), compound risk and compound uncertainty, which were generated using special random devices. In chapter 1 we analyze the heterogeneity of attitudes towards ambiguity, compound risk and compound uncertainty whereas in chapter 2, we use rank dependent expected utility as a measuring tool in order to individually investigate these attitudes. Chapter 3 confronts the interpretation of ambiguity in term of second order beliefs with the experimental data and proposes a method for eliciting the function that encapsulates attitudes toward ambiguity in the “recursive” or multistage models of decision under uncertainty. The second part of the thesis deals with individual decision making under risk in a dynamic context and is composed of two independent experimental studies. Both of them rely on the decomposition of the independence axiom into three dynamic axioms: consequentialism, dynamic consistency and reduction of compound lotteries. Chapter 4 reports experimental data about violations of each of the three axioms. Chapter 5 presents a conceptual categorization of individual behavior in sequential decision problems under risk, especially those which do not conform to the independence axiom. We propose an experiment specially designed to test the predictions of this categorization

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Lorenzová, Karolína, et Charlotte Borlind. « Consumer Confusion and Attitudes : A Study of Eco-Labels ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355970.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explain whether the conceptualized model of consumer confusion regarding the multiple number of brands and products also applies to the increasing number of eco-labels. The study also examined how the attitudes were affected if confusion occurred amongst the consumers. More specifically, whether consumer confusion leads to negative attitudes. Theoretical Framework: The conceptualized model of consumer confusion, including the three dimensions of ambiguity, information overload and similarity was used in this research.In addition, theories regarding attitudes and indicators that affect consumer’s attitudes werepresented and used for the analysis. Methodological Framework: This research took an explanatory and deductive approach. The research was carried out with a quantitative method including three hypotheses derived from the literature. Data was collected through a questionnaire that was spread online on social media. The gathered data was coded accordingly in order to get the results from the frequencies, descriptive statistics, correlation and the regression analysis. Empirical Results: It was discovered that the respondents were confused by eco-labels and eco-labelled products regarding all the three dimensions of the conceptualized model of consumer confusion. However, the fact that the attitudes towards eco-labels and eco-labelled products were very positive, led to a rejection of all the three hypotheses. Consequently, supportive questions from the questionnaire and the demographic details of the sample served as additional support to further discuss the results of the study. Conclusions: This study showed that the conceptualized model of consumer confusion also applies to eco-labels. However, the consumers still had positive attitudes towards eco-labels and eco-labelled products which could be seen as contradictory. Nevertheless, positive beliefs about eco-labels and its effects and demographic details were found to have an impact on the positive attitudes.

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Crentsil, Christian. « Essays on the effects of risk and ambiguity attitudes on production choices of smallholder fish farmers in southern Ghana ». Thesis, University of Kent, 2018. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/65734/.

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This thesis contains four empirical chapters which together contribute to behavioural economics in the area of fish production in a developing country context. The key thread connecting all the empirical studies is the behavioural characteristic of farmers (risk and ambiguity attitudes) elicited through incentivised field experiments and general survey questions. The first empirical chapter seeks to answer the questions: What is the risk attitude of a typical smallholder fish farmer in a developing country? Do risk attitudes of fish farmers remain stable across different elicitation methods and contexts of validation? Risk attitude measures are known to be sensitive to the method of elicitation and context (Bauermeister and Mushoff, 2016). The purpose of this chapter is three-fold. 1. It elicits and compares the risk attitudes of within-subject sample of smallholder fish farmers in southern Ghana using three of the frontier methods used to elicit risk attitudes in the literature. The risk attitudes elicited from these methods are employed in the subsequent chapters of this thesis to investigate how risk preferences affect production efficiency and technology adoption. 2. It investigates how the risk attitude measures correlate with each other, and how they vary with farmer characteristics. 3. It assesses whether the risk attitude measures can predict farmer responses to questions on hypothetical economic choices. The results show that a typical smallholder fish farmer is risk preferring in the gains-only lottery experiment, risk averse in the gains-and-losses lottery experiment but is risk neutral from the self-reported risk attitude scale. However, the risk attitude measures from the two lottery experiments are positively correlated, consistent with the assumption that the two experiments capture similar traits of the same farmer. This confirms that risk attitude measures are influenced by the method of elicitation and the context being examined. Some personal characteristics of the farmers influence their risk attitudes. Finally, while risk preferences from the lottery experiments failed to explain hypothetical economic choices, the stated risk preferences were significantly correlated with some hypothetical economic choices, perhaps due to hypothetical bias. These results indicate that care should be taken to tailor the elicitation of risk attitudes to contexts and domains farmers are familiar with. The second empirical analysis attempts to answer the question: to what extent does a fish farmer's risk attitude affect his/her level of economic efficiency? This is predicated on the assumption that the types, levels and frequency of application of inputs could be influenced by the risk attitudes of farmers. Data on the units of inputs, outputs and prices are collated from the farmers in an earlier survey, and their risk attitudes obtained from the previous chapter are then juxtaposed on their production data. The economic efficiency of the farmers is assessed with both the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) and the Corrected Ordinary Least Squares (COLS) techniques. While the former assumes that all deviations from the cost frontier are due to farmer-specific factors (including risk attitudes) and stochastic factors, the latter, a deterministic procedure, attributes all deviations from the frontier to farmer-specific factors. The evidence from this chapter suggests that over 80% of the total deviation from the cost frontier results from stochastic factors beyond the control of the farmers. It is also found that risk attitudes play no significant role in the economic efficiency of fish production in the study area. Based on the findings, it is concluded that stochastic factors, such as government policies, may have a greater impact on economic efficiency rather than risk attitudes of farmers. The third empirical study assesses how risk attitudes of fish farmers affect the speed of technology adoption; adoption decisions are modelled with duration models. This study focuses on the adoption of Floating Cages, Extruded Feed and Akosombo Strain of Tilapia (AST) technologies in the fish farming sector in southern Ghana. Contrary to most existing literature on speed of adoption of technologies (e.g. Liu, 2013), the results from this chapter show that risk averse farmers have a higher proclivity to adopt the AST, Extruded Feed and Floating Cage technologies at a point in time. This novel outcome is due to the nature of the technologies in question, as perceived by the farmers. Liu's (2013) study, for instance, focuses on the adoption of cotton seeds modified genetically with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bacteria, which enables cotton plants to produce phytotoxins to kill pests. The subjective risks posed by these phytotoxins to the farmers themselves may be an additional source of uncertainty and a likely reason for the delayed adoption by risk averse farmers. However, in this chapter, even though the AST is also genetically modified, it produces no toxins and yet it is more disease-resistant than the local breeds, therefore it may be perceived by the farmers as risk-reducing and hence it may not be surprising that risk averse farmers adopt this technology earlier. In the final empirical study, attention is on how ambiguity attitudes affect the farming decisions of smallholder fish farmers, using the speed of adopting the AST technology as an example of such decisions. The speed of technology adoption is analysed with the hazard/survival model. Additionally, this chapter introduces and interacts the number of previous adopters in the same village with ambiguity attitude as a better test of the effect of ambiguity aversion on farmers' decisions. Where a farmer cannot predict with certainty the yield to be obtained from the new technology, an ambiguity averse farmer is expected to adopt the technology late. Ambiguity attitudes are elicited with Ellsberg's (1961) two-colour urn experiment. The results from this chapter show that the average fish farmer is ambiguity averse. However, risk aversion, but not ambiguity aversion, has a significant effect on the speed of adopting the AST technology in the study area, confirming the robustness of the finding in the previous chapter. I also find that the speed of adopting this technology increases with the number of prior adopters in the same village. The lack of any significant impact of ambiguity attitudes in determining the speed of adopting this technology suggests that there are other important determinants of adopting this technology, rather than lack of information about it, that affect other technology adoption decisions. Overall, this thesis demonstrates and presents the elicitation of risk and ambiguity preferences outside the usual laboratory setting by engaging fish farmers in a field experiment involving real cash incentives, as well as field surveys. The experiments and methods employed are at the frontier of research in the field of development economics. The results of the analysis presented in this thesis indicate that that risk preferences are sensitive to the method of elicitation, as well as the context or domain in which it is elicited. While contrary to findings from other studies, risk averse farmers are more prone to adopt improved fish farming technologies earlier than farmers who are not risk averse. This conclusion is plausible because the technologies may be perceived as risk-reducing by the farmers. This outcome remains robust when ambiguity aversion is introduced into the analysis of the technology adoption decision. Therefore, research on farmer production choices should take their risk attitudes into account, and such risk attitude measures should be elicited in a manner that is compatible with the context of operation of the farmers.

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Baker, Emily A. « The Mediating Role of Dichotomous Thinking in the Formation of Stigmatizing Attitudes Towards Substance Users ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1536059274709212.

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Sveticic, Jerneja. « Law enforcer or social worker ? Exploration of the role of police in responding to persons with mental illness ». Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/395108.

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Police are increasingly responding to incidents involving persons with mental illness (PMIs). This is an important area of research considering the well-documented challenges these types of interventions represent for police officers and police agencies more broadly. Yet, to date, there remains limited empirical knowledge about the extent of police involvement with PMIs, particularly in the Australian context. Similarly, little is known about police officers’ perception of the role they perform with PMIs and the influences that shape their role performance, despite evidence of the challenges modern-day police are facing in the attempt to consolidate the ‘law enforcer’ and ‘service’ elements of the police role. The overarching objective of this research program is to gain a better understanding of the role of police in responding to PMIs. Within this objective, three more specific aims are derived, each targeting a distinct, yet complementary, component of police roles with PMIs: 1) To examine the frequency, distribution and outcomes of police involvement with persons with mental illness in Queensland, Australia; 2) To examine police officers’ attitudes towards their role in responding to persons with mental illness; and 3) To use the role episode model to examine the perceptions and experiences of police officers in responding to persons with mental illness. The role episode model was chosen as a theoretical framework that guided this research program. This model allows for a comprehensive exploration of police officers’ perceptions of this element of police role through an identification of the members of their role set, analysis of the expectations held by each role sender, and finally by studying the presence and outcomes of role-related stress. Two research studies were conducted, addressing a total of 15 research questions. In Study 1, Queensland Police Service (QPS) administrative data from two selected police regions in Queensland were analysed for the frequency, distribution and the outcomes of police-PMI encounters. In Study 2, an online survey with 242 sworn QPS officers was undertaken to examine their perceptions of the role of police in responding to mental health related calls for service. In Study 1, 12,415 mental health related calls for service were identified, accounting for 2.6% of all calls for service. Significant temporal and spatial variation of these calls was noted. Socio-demographic characteristics identified as increasing the rate of police-PMI contacts included: younger median age, smaller population size, low percent of Indigenous population, high percent of population with severed disability, and a greater degree of socioeconomic disadvantage. An analysis of the outcomes of mental health calls showed frequent utilisation of health-related pathways, predominantly by initiating transfers to a mental health facility, and a very low incidence of arrests. The likelihood of a health-related outcomes was increased when the call was initiated by an ambulance officer or other professional agencies, when the incident occurred in a public location (rather than in a private residence), when there was a risk to PMIs’ life, or any indications of violence or aggression. In Study 2, police officers reported that on average, a quarter of their time is taken up by engagements with PMIs, and most of them felt that this is too much. Overall, officers accepted their involvement with PMIs as part of their role, though a considerable number continued to feel that the extent of their work with PMIs is excessive and reflective of the failings of the mental health system. Participating police officers identified on average four persons or groups as having an important influence on how they perform their work with PMIs: these were most commonly themselves, colleagues, their immediate supervisor and PMIs. Officers described their personal expectations regarding their work with PMIs as requiring an equal application of the ‘law enforcement’ and ‘service’ aspects of their role. Their expectations were aligned with those perceived to be held by other members of the police service, however, for the majority of officers, they were incongruent with the more service-oriented expectations attributed to the broader community and the mental health sector. The study results revelated moderate levels of role conflict and low levels of role ambiguity resulting from police work with PMIs. Various organisational and personal factors were found to predict the likelihood of experiencing high levels of these role-related stresses. Of particular interest is a positive association between the officers’ identification with the ‘crime control’ aspects of their role and high levels of role-related stress. Finally, results showed that role ambiguity, but not role conflict, increases the likelihood of officers reporting poor job satisfaction. The theoretical contribution of this research is through an innovative application of the role episode model to research on mental health policing. It offers a confirmation to the previously debated, but never empirically investigated, argument that engagements with PMI place police within a complex network of stakeholders and exposes them to role expectations from disciplines that are characterised by different expectations about provision of care to vulnerable members of society. There are also several practical implications of the findings of this research program. Most notably, information about spatial and temporal distribution of mental health calls for service can be used to guide the data-driven, targeted allocation of police resources using the principles of hot-spot policing. The information about the extent of police involvement with PMIs can also help improved police officers’ awareness of the realities of mental health policing. Finally, several recommendations for future research are highlighted, particularly around the need to examine the role of occupational socialisation on the development of police officers’ perception of their role as first responders to mental health related incidents. It is hoped that continued research into these topics can continue to support police in providing safe and effective responses to people experiencing mental health crises.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Crim & Crim Justice
Arts, Education and Law
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Hartmann, L. « Perceived ambiguity, ambiguity attitude and strategic ambiguity in games ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/35581.

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This thesis contributes to the theoretical work on decision and game theory when decision makers or players perceive ambiguity. The first article introduces a new axiomatic framework for ambiguity aversion and provides axiomatic characterizations for important preference classes that thus far had lacked characterizations. The second article introduces a new axiom called Weak Monotonicity which is shown to play a crucial role in the multiple prior model. It is shown that for many important preference classes, the assumption of monotonic preferences is a consequence of the other axioms and does not have to be assumed. The third article introduces an intuitive definition of perceived ambiguity in the multiple prior model. It is shown that the approach allows an application to games where players perceive strategic ambiguity. A very general equilibrium existence result is given. The modelling capabilities of the approach are highlighted through the analysis of examples. The fourth article applies the model from the previous article to a specific class of games with a lattice-structure. We perform comparative statics on perceived ambiguity and ambiguity attitude. We show that more optimism does not necessarily lead to higher equilibria when players have Alpha-Maxmin preferences. We present necessary and sufficient conditions on the structure of the prior sets for this comparative statics result to hold. The introductory chapter provides the basis of the four articles in this thesis. An overview of axiomatic decision theory, decision-making under ambiguity and ambiguous games is given. It introduces and discusses the most relevant results from the literature.

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Titt, Raphael [Verfasser]. « Investigating the attitude towards ambiguity : Interindividual differences in automatic activations of evaluations of ambiguity / Raphael Titt ». Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2021. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:21-dspace-1192903.

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Mahmud, Mohd Razali. « Precise three-dimensional attitude estimation from independent GPS arrays ». Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313601.

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Livres sur le sujet "Ambiguity attitudes"

Jaszczolt, Katarzyna. Discourse, beliefs, and intentions : Semantic defaults and propositional attitude ascription. Amsterdam : Elsevier, 1999.

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Kroszner, Randy. Does political ambiguity pay ? : Corporate campaign contributions and the rewards to legislator reputation. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000.

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Kurbakova, Marina, Vladimir Voropaev et Aleksandr Krinicyn. The concept of the family in the works of I.S.Turgenev. A family man or a wanderer ? ru : INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1871447.

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The monograph examines the problem of the family and the peculiar interpretation of the theme of childhood in the works of I.S. Turgenev, starting with the first poem "Parasha" and ending with the novel "Nov" and poems in prose. The analysis of the works was carried out taking into account new biographical data and the epistolary heritage of the writer. Such essential features of I.S. Turgenev's creativity as the role of life realities in his works, the typology of heroes, the structure of works and some features of their poetics are highlighted in a new way. It turns out what influence the facts of the biography, personality traits, views and beliefs of the writer had on his attitude to the institution of the family. The ambiguity of the concept of "children" and the originality of the artistic embodiment of this theme in the writer's work are revealed. The images of the central "lonely" characters in the writer's work are systematized. A separate chapter is devoted to the traditions and innovations of I.S. Turgenev in the covered topic and the Pushkin tradition in his work. It is surprisingly correlated in the personal aspect with the life of each person and now, what the reader has to learn. For a wide range of readers interested in the work of I.S. Turgenev. It can be useful for students, postgraduates and teachers of philological universities and faculties.

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Jaszczolt, Kasia. Discourse, Beliefs and Intentions : Semantic Defaults and Propositional Attitude Ascription (Current Research in the Semantics/Pragmatics Interface). Pergamon, 1999.

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Jaszczolt, Kasia. Discourse, Beliefs and Intentions : Semantic Defaults and Propositional Attitude Ascription (Current Research in the Semantics/Pragmatics Interface). Pergamon, 1999.

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Triana, María del Carmen, Tiffany M. Trzebiatowski et Seo-Young Byun. Individual Outcomes of Discrimination in Workplaces. Sous la direction de Adrienne J. Colella et Eden B. King. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199363643.013.23.

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This chapter reviews the recent literature on the outcomes of workplace discrimination against individuals. The chapter describes how discrimination affects individuals by reviewing theories related to outcomes of discrimination (e.g., social categorization, attributional ambiguity, and minority stress theories). From there, the review covers meta-analyses, empirical studies conducted between 2012 and 2014, and outcomes of discrimination (e.g., job attitudes, psychological outcomes, physical outcomes, and work-related outcomes). There is consistent support for an overall negative effect of discrimination on various individual-level outcomes. Recent studies are advancing our knowledge of individual-level consequences of discrimination by incorporating underrepresented samples, examining discrimination types other than race and sex, considering the nuances of boundary conditions, and connecting research streams from multiple areas (e.g., turnover, incivility). The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research directions on individual outcomes of workplace discrimination.

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Scheidt, Hannah K. Practicing Atheism. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197536940.001.0001.

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Practicing Atheism is a cultural study of contemporary atheism, focusing on how atheists negotiate meanings and values through media. This book examines a variety of cultural products, both corporate driven and grassroots, that circulate messages about what atheism means—what ideas, values, affinities, and attitudes the term denotes. Through the creation, consumption, and exchange of this media, atheism gains positive content, the term signaling much more than lack of belief in god(s) for those who identify with the emergent culture. Primary source materials for this book include grassroots Internet communities, popular television programming, organized atheist events, and material culture representations of the movement, such as those found in atheist fan art. Practicing Atheism argues that atheist culture emerges from a unique tension with religion—a category atheists critique and resist but also, at times, imitate and approximate. Using a framework based on ritual studies, this book theorizes ambivalence, ambiguity, and “in-betweenness” as the essential condition of contemporary atheist culture.

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Ataria, Yochai, Shogo Tanaka et Shaun Gallagher, dir. Body Schema and Body Image. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851721.001.0001.

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Body schema refers to the system of sensory-motor functions that enables control of the position of body parts in space, without conscious awareness of those parts. Body image refers to a conscious representation of the way the body appears—a set of conscious perceptions, affective attitudes, and beliefs pertaining to one’s own bodily image. In 2005, Shaun Gallagher published an influential book entitled ‘How the Body Shapes the Mind’. This book not only defined both body schema (BS) and body image (BI), but also explored the complicated relationship between the two. The book also established the idea that there is a double dissociation, whereby body schema and body image refer to two different, but closely related, systems. Given that many kinds of pathological cases can be described in terms of body schema and body image (phantom limbs, asomatognosia, apraxia, schizophrenia, anorexia, depersonalization, and body dysmorphic disorder, among others), we might expect to find a growing consensus about these concepts and the relevant neural activities connected to these systems. Instead, an examination of the scientific literature reveals continued ambiguity and disagreement. This volume brings together leading experts from the fields of philosophy, neuroscience, psychology, and psychiatry in a lively and productive dialogue. It explores fundamental questions about the relationship between body schema and body image, and addresses ongoing debates about the role of the brain and the role of social and cultural factors in our understanding of embodiment.

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Maloney, J. Christopher. Dual Aspect Theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190854751.003.0006.

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Carruthers proposes a subtle dispositionalist rendition of higher order theory regarding phenomenal character. The theory would distinguish unconscious movement management from conscious attitude management as perceptual processes. Each process takes perceptual representations as inputs. A representation subject to attitude management is apt to induce a higher order representation of itself that secures a self-referential aspect of its content supposedly determinative of phenomenal character. Unfortunately, the account requires a problematic cognitive ambiguity while failing to explain why attitude, but not movement, management, determines character. Moreover, normal variation in attitudinal management conflicts with the constancy typical of phenomenal character. And although an agent denied perceptual access to a scene about which she is otherwise well informed would suffer no phenomenal character, dispositionalist theory entails otherwise. Such problems, together with the results of the previous chapters, suggest that, whether cloaked under intentionalism or higher order theory, representationalism mistakes content for character.

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Konstam, Varda. The Romantic Lives of Emerging Adults. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190639778.001.0001.

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The romantic lives of emerging adults are often baffling and contradictory: they prize committed and authentic relationships, yet they appear to be reluctant participants, and they prefer to foster ambiguity in their romantic relationships, even as they value honesty and clarity. This book grapples with these perplexing questions and considers the challenging economic conditions in which today’s emerging adults find themselves. With an emphasis on the constructs of commitment and sacrifice and their centrality to emerging adults’ readiness for long-term relationships, the main milestones in transitioning from an I identity to a we identity are reviewed. The concepts of choice and risk are discussed and structures such as asymmetrically committed relationships, cohabitation, marriage, and divorce are examined through the lens of risk and risk avoidance. The book probes extensively into the romantic lives of emerging adults—their attitudes, values, and expectations. In doing so, this text examines some of the developmental and contextual realities against which romantic attachment must be viewed. Critical topics such as casual and sexual experiences and relationships, going solo, breakups, the integration of work and love, and social media and its influence are considered. Original qualitative data about the topic is presented. The chapters conclude with a “close-up look” at one or more emerging adults so that their romantic lives are brought to life more vividly. The commonality and the individuality of the emerging adults that are presented throughout this text contribute to a rich understanding of emerging adults and how they live and love.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Ambiguity attitudes"

Trautmann, Stefan T., et Gijs van de Kuilen. « Ambiguity Attitudes ». Dans The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Judgment and Decision Making, 89–116. Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118468333.ch3.

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Riff, Michael A. « The Ambiguity of Masaryk’s Attitudes on the ‘Jewish Question’ ». Dans T. G. Masaryk (1850–1937), 77–87. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20366-6_6.

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Schwarz, Klaus-Peter, et Ahmed El-Mowafy. « Testing of Epoch-by-Epoch Attitude Determination and Ambiguity Resolution in Airborne Mode ». Dans GPS Trends in Precise Terrestrial, Airborne, and Spaceborne Applications, 191–96. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80133-4_30.

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Giorgi, G., P. J. G. Teunissen, S. Verhagen et P. J. Buist. « Improving the GNSS Attitude Ambiguity Success Rate with the Multivariate Constrained LAMBDA Method ». Dans Geodesy for Planet Earth, 941–48. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20338-1_118.

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Nadarajah, Nandakumaran, Peter J. G. Teunissen et Gabriele Giorgi. « GNSS Attitude Determination for Remote Sensing : On the Bounding of the Multivariate Ambiguity Objective Function ». Dans International Association of Geodesy Symposia, 503–9. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37222-3_67.

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Georgalos, Konstantinos. « Playing with Ambiguity ». Dans Interdisciplinary Applications of Agent-Based Social Simulation and Modeling, 125–42. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5954-4.ch008.

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This chapter discusses the way that three distinct fields, decision theory, game theory and computer science, can be successfully combined in order to optimally design economic experiments. Using an example of cooperative game theory (the Stag-Hunt game), the chapter presents how the introduction of ambiguous beliefs and attitudes towards ambiguity in the analysis can affect the predicted equilibrium. Based on agent-based simulation methods, the author is able to tackle similar theoretical problems and thus to design experiments in such a way that they will produce useful, unbiased and reliable data.

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Hughes, Emily. « Messages and Values : Rape and Moral Ambiguity ». Dans Studying Talk to Her, 59–74. Liverpool University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781906733438.003.0007.

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This chapter assesses moral ambiguity and the representation of rape in Pedro Almodóvar's Talk to Her (2002). On first screening of the film, the spectator is placed in an unusual and morally ambiguous position. One grows to feel sympathy for Benigno and see him as the protagonist of the film. As the audience never sees the rape, they are spared from upsetting imagery and as Alicia is in a coma and thus unable to resist, they are protected from the violence and force that usually accompanies cinematic depictions of rape. Added to this is the challenging fact that Benigno feels that the sex was an act of mutually understood love rather than a carer taking advantage of a patient. Moreover, the film delivers the highly problematic message that rape is somehow beneficial for Alicia. Talk to Her, as with other art films, asks the spectator to reflect and engage with their own attitudes and values, and controversially, to consider whether some types of rape are 'worse' than others. The rape in Talk to Her can also be considered as a metaphor or symbol for several things, notably the symbolic rape of Spain under the dictator Franco, or as a symbol for Benigno reaching a delayed adolescence.

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Fuery, Kelli. « Sensuous Co-Performance : Lynne Ramsay’s We Need to Talk About Kevin and Beauvoir’s Aesthetic Attitude ». Dans Ambiguous Cinema, 177–200. Edinburgh University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781399504232.003.0008.

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This chapter outlines Beauvoir’s position on the aesthetic attitude and examines it via Lynne Ramsay’s film We Need to Talk about Kevin (2011). The aesthetic attitude is not specific to Beauvoirian phenomenology, rather it refers to the frame of interest that structures a relationship to and with reality. The aesthetic attitude, therefore, presents a paradoxical position, an ambiguous experience within which we are compelled to consciously determine our intention and attention. This chapter discusses how the characters in We Need to Talk About Kevin are disconnected with others, possessing morally ambiguous attitudes toward the people and world which surrounds them. At the same time, the film does not judge its characters or establish any moral position with regard to their actions. This is left up to the spectator to determine, or in Beauvorian terms, to disclose. We Need to Talk About Kevin explicates Beauvoir’s notion of ambiguity and relatedness, that human beings are equally dependent on each other as much as they are separate from them.

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Rønnow-Rasmussen, Toni. « ‘Sake’ ». Dans The Value Gap, 142–52. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192848215.003.0009.

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‘Sake’ tackles some problems to which the book’s analysis of Final Goodness and Final goodness-for gives rise. A core issue concerns how to understand the so-called sake-attitudes. The idiom ‘for someone’s sake’ plays a central role in the explanation of the distinction between impersonal and personal values—that is, between what is valuable (or good), period, and what is valuable (or good) for someone. There is a simple, in many ways naïve, objection to the involvement of ‘sake’ in the analysis. According to this, the ‘untranslatability objection’, the word ‘sake’ is, in many languages, untranslatable, and this ought to make us suspicious of its use in an analysis of ‘good for’. The objection is rejected, though. ‘Sake’ also identifies an ambiguity in fitting-attitude analysis (FA) deriving from the fact that ‘sake’ may be used either evaluatively or non-evaluatively (descriptively). This chapter culminates in a discussion of how ‘sake’ should be interpreted in FA analysis.

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« The de dicto/de re Ambiguity ». Dans Attitude Reports, 82–121. Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108525718.005.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Ambiguity attitudes"

Haurin, Donald, et Yu Zhang. « Attitudes Toward and Perceptions of the Ambiguity of House and Stock Prices ». Dans 26th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference. European Real Estate Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2019_75.

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Toh, Christine A., et Scarlett R. Miller. « The Role of Individual Risk Attitudes on the Selection of Creative Concepts in Engineering Design ». Dans ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35106.

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While creativity is often seen as an indispensable quality of engineering design, individuals often select conventional or previously successful options during the concept selection process due to the inherent risk associated with creative concepts. Surprisingly, prior research has shown that this preference for conventional design alternatives is often done in an unconscious manner and is attributed to people’s inadvertent bias against creativity. While we know that designers may prematurely filter out creative ideas, little is actually known about what factors attribute to the promotion or filtering of these creative concepts during concept selection. The current paper describes an empirical study conducted with 19 first-year engineering students aimed at investigating the impact of individual risk aversion and ambiguity aversion on the selection and filtering of creative ideas during the concept selection process. The results from this study indicate that individual risk attitudes are related to both creative ability and creative concept selection. However, an individual’s ability to generate creative ideas was found to be unrelated to their preference for creative ideas during concept selection. These results add to our understanding of creativity during concept selection and provide guidelines for enhancing the design process to encourage design creativity.

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Lightsey, E., John Crassidis et F. Markley. « Fast integer ambiguity resolution for GPS attitude determination ». Dans Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-3967.

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Liu, Chuang, et Pei Chen. « Resolution of Integer Ambiguity in GPS Attitude Determination ». Dans 2011 First International Conference on Instrumentation, Measurement, Computer, Communication and Control (IMCCC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imccc.2011.240.

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Wang, Boxiong, Xingqun Zhan et Yanhua Zhang. « Analytical Resolution Method based on ambiguity function for attitude determination ». Dans 2010 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium - PLANS 2010. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plans.2010.5507337.

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Castro-Arvizu, J. Manuel, Daniel Medina et Jordi Vila-Valls. « Precision-Aided Partial Ambiguity Resolution Scheme for GNSS Attitude Determination ». Dans 2023 International Technical Meeting of The Institute of Navigation. Institute of Navigation, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33012/2023.18673.

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Liu, Shuo, Lei Zhang, Jian Li et Yiran Luo. « Dual frequency long-short baseline ambiguity resolution for GNSS attitude determination ». Dans 2016 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plans.2016.7479755.

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Coias, Joao, Jose Sanguino et Paulo Oliveira. « Attitude determination using the Ambiguity filter with single-frequency L1 GPS receivers ». Dans 2012 International Conference on Localization and GNSS (ICL-GNSS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icl-gnss.2012.6253133.

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Turner, Kenneth J., et Farhan A. Faruqi. « Dynamic phase ambiguity resolution for GPS attitude determination using Gaussian sum filtering ». Dans AeroSense '97, sous la direction de Scott A. Speigle. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.277219.

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van Kampen, Erik-Jan, Elwin de Weerdt, Qi Chu et Jan Mulder. « Aircraft Attitude Determination Using GPS and an Interval Integer Ambiguity Resolution Algorithm ». Dans AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. Reston, Virigina : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-5973.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Ambiguity attitudes"

Anantanasuwong, Kanin, Roy Kouwenberg, Olivia Mitchell et Kim Peijnenberg. Ambiguity Attitudes about Investments : Evidence from the Field. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, février 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25561.

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