Bibliographies thématiques / Alpine mountains

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Alpine mountains »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 27 juillet 2024
Mis à jour le 29 juillet 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Alpine mountains"

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Tərlan oğlu Məmmədli, Qüdrət. « The main characteristics of the wrinkled relief on the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus ». NATURE AND SCIENCE 09, no 04 (21 juin 2021) : 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2707-1146/09/24-26.

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Like other mountainous regions of the Caucasus, the South-Eastern Caucasus is an epigeosynclinal mountain system formed by the first and middle alpine folds. Between the Alpine fold stage and the orogenic stage, the South-East Caucasus Mountains were denuded and turned into hilly, low mountain plains in the Oligocene and Miocene. Wrinkled structures were destroyed by denudation and a mostly neutral relief type was formed. Key words: Greater Caucasus, southern slope of the Greater Caucasus, morphostructure, wrinkled relief, geological development
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Mackovčin, Peter, Ivo Machar, Jan Brus et Barbora Žáková. « Land Use Changes in the Alpine Tree Line Ecotone in the Hrubý Jeseník Mountains (Czech Republic) ». Journal of Landscape Ecology 14, no 3 (1 décembre 2021) : 65–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2021-0014.

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Abstract Currently, we expected a altitudinal shift of forest vegetation upward under predicted climate changes impacts to European mountains ecosystems. In this context can be very interesting, that changes in alpine tree line ecotone in high European mountains were induced by human activities relatively often also in history. Probably one of the most important driver in land-use changes in high mountains was grazing, which significantly have influenced both mountain spruce forests and open alpine grasslands in central-Europe. This paper deals with historical changes of land-use in Hruby Jesenik Mountains (Czech Republic) during 19th and 20th centuries. Results revealed consequences of former grazing in mountain grasslands above alpine tree line ecotone in the frame of land-use analyses based on historical maps and other sources. These results, based on historical data, support our better understanding to current dynamic changes in European mountain landscapes.
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Ufimtsev, G. F. « ALPINE-TYPE MOUNTAINS ». Geomorphology RAS, no 1 (29 juin 2015) : 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15356/0435-4281-2008-1-16-24.

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Ding, Wen-Na, Richard H. Ree, Robert A. Spicer et Yao-Wu Xing. « Ancient orogenic and monsoon-driven assembly of the world’s richest temperate alpine flora ». Science 369, no 6503 (30 juillet 2020) : 578–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abb4484.

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Understanding how alpine biotas formed in response to historical environmental change may improve our ability to predict and mitigate the threats to alpine species posed by global warming. In the world’s richest temperate alpine flora, that of the Tibet-Himalaya-Hengduan region, phylogenetic reconstructions of biome and geographic range evolution show that extant lineages emerged by the early Oligocene and diversified first in the Hengduan Mountains. By the early to middle Miocene, accelerated diversification and colonization of adjacent regions were likely driven jointly by mountain building and intensification of the Asian monsoon. The alpine flora of the Hengduan Mountains has continuously existed far longer than any other alpine flora on Earth and illustrates how modern biotas have been shaped by past geological and climatic events.
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Konvička, Ondřej, et Ladislav Kandrnál. « Alpine longhorn (Rosalia alpina alpina) in the Chřiby mountains ». Acta Carpathica Occidentalis 11, no 1 (15 juin 2020) : 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.62317/aco.2020.004.

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Varga, Zoltán. « BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE HIGH MOUNTAIN LEPIDOPTERA IN THE BALKAN PENINSULA ». Ecologica Montenegrina 1, no 3 (22 octobre 2014) : 140–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2014.1.21.

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Balkanic high mountains represent nearly all types of European vertical zonation. The elevation and vegetation character of the timberline and allied vegetation types (scrubs, tall vs short, closed vs. open rupicolous swards) but also the edaphic traits, etc. considerably influence the biogeographical composition of butterfly and moth assemblages. The habitats of the high elevations are populated by several types of mountain species. They belong to five main biogeographical groups: (i) boreo-montane (“Siberian”) species, often represented by isolated, partly differentiated populations mostly in the coniferous forests zones; (ii) arctic-alpine (in majority Eurasiatic!) species represented by isolated, most often taxonomically differentiated populations in alpine zones of highest Balkanic mountains; (iii) alpine (nearly exclusively European!) species represented by isolated, mostly taxonomically differentiated populations in subalpine-alpine zones of Balkanic mountains; (iv) Balkanic-oreal species often with isolated populations (subspecies) also in the Southern or Southwestern Alps and Massif Central, in special cases also Appenines and/or in Southern and Eastern Carpathians, as well; (v) oro-Mediterranean-xeromontane species occurring in the southern Balkanic mountains, being either endemic or represented by differentiated subspecies of western Asiatic species. The most typical biogeographical patterns in butterflies and macro-moths are as follows: (i) close connections of the western Balcanic (Dinaric) populations of alpine and arctic-alpine species with southeastern Alpine ones; (ii) close connections of the eastern Balcanic (Thracian) populations of alpine and arctic-alpine species with southern Carpathian ones; (iii) the “Central Balcanic split” in taxonomic subdivision of several alpine and arctic-alpine species; (iv) the southern limit of distribution of boreo-montane, arctic-alpine and alpine species agrees with the “Adamović-line”, i.e. the southern limit of the alpine type of vertical zonation of vegetation; (v) the northern limit of oro-Mediterranean xeromontane species also well agrees with this important line, since these species are connected with the oro-Mediterranean type of vegetation (partly by food plant specialisations, see: endemic Polyommatina or by rupicolous habitats, as some Noctuinae).
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ACHARYA, SURYA N. « GERMINATION RESPONSE OF TWO ALPINE GRASSES FROM THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS OF ALBERTA ». Canadian Journal of Plant Science 69, no 4 (1 octobre 1989) : 1165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps89-139.

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Germination studies on alpine bluegress (Poa alpina L.) and broad-glumed wheatgrass (Agropyron latiglume Scribn. and Smith [Rydb.]) were undertaken to determine optimum germination conditions, the presence of seed dormancy and the extent of variability among populations for rapid germination. Poa alpina seeds germinated best under darkness and 16/8 h cycles of 22/15 °C temperature, while A. latiglume needed a 29/22 °C regime and darkness for best germination. Rapid germination in both species occurred within a narrow range of temperature conditions. Light and suboptimal temperatures appeared to have an inhibitory effect on seed germination during the initial period of imbibition. Germination inhibition through external factors (secondary dormancy) and the presence of primary dormancy in the nursery-grown seeds may be a genetic adaptation to stressful alpine environments. This and the differences among populations for seed germination in both species are encouraging for our breeding program which is developing genotypes for alpine and subalpine reclamation.Key words: Alpine bluegrass, broad-glumed wheat grass, temperature effect, light, population, seed germination.
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Geering, Corinne. « Zufluchtsorte in den Bergen : Die Bautätigkeit von Gebirgsvereinen und die Idealisierung der Karpaten in der Moderne ». Góry, Literatura, Kultura 13 (22 septembre 2020) : 229–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4107.13.19.

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Mountainous regions have long been considered dangerous and difficult to penetrate. Only few people used to enter the widely uninhabited landscape for occupational purposes such as herding cattle, transporting goods, and mapping and surveying the land. At night and in the case of bad weather, these people found refuge at higher altitudes in rudimentary mountain huts. In the nineteenth century, the number of mountain travellers increased rapidly due to the construction of new train lines and other means of transportation, and they set out to spend their leisure time with climbing and hiking. This novel recreational use of mountain landscapes placed higher demands on local facilities and infrastructure. Newly established alpine clubs attended to the construction of new mountain huts from the Alps through the Carpathians to the Caucasus. This article discusses the construction activity of alpine clubs as a process of idealisation that continues to shape mountain landscapes until today.Idealisation was not only achieved by means of written and visual representation, but complementarily by means of infrastructure, and it thus had a strong impact on the local social fabric. Mountain huts played a pioneering role in the touristic development of mountain regions, and in many instances, well equipped guesthouses and hotels were later constructed at the same site. This article analyses the appropriation of mountain landscapes through mountain huts and pays particular attention to the interactions between members of alpine clubs and the local population living in the mountains. The discussion is based on a set of travelogues, guidebooks, and annals by the Tatra Society, the Hungarian Carpathian Society, and the Transylvanian Carpathian Society which were published between the foundation of the first alpine clubs in the Carpathians in the 1870s and the beginning of the First World War. By highlighting the role of social background of agents, this article seeks to go beyond the focus in scholarship on nationalist interpretations. Rather, it reveals how landscape architecture attributed new cultural values to mountains in modernity.
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Geering, Corinne, et Monika Witt. « Miejsca schronienia w górach. Działalność budowlana towarzystw górskich i idealizacja Karpat w czasach nowoczesnych ». Góry, Literatura, Kultura 13 (22 septembre 2020) : 248–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4107.13.20.

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Mountainous regions have long been considered dangerous and difficult to penetrate. Only few people used to enter the widely uninhabited landscape for occupational purposes such as herding cattle, transporting goods, and mapping and surveying the land. At night and in the case of bad weather, these people found refuge at higher altitudes in rudimentary mountain huts. In the nineteenth century, the number of mountain travellers increased rapidly due to the construction of new train lines and other means of transportation, and they set out to spend their leisure time with climbing and hiking. This novel recreational use of mountain landscapes placed higher demands on local facilities and infrastructure. Newly established alpine clubs attended to the construction of new mountain huts from the Alps through the Carpathians to the Caucasus. This article discusses the construction activity of alpine clubs as a process of idealisation that continues to shape mountain landscapes until today. Idealisation was not only achieved by means of written and visual representation, but complementarily by means of infrastructure, and it thus had a strong impact on the local social fabric. Mountain huts played a pioneering role in the touristic development of mountain regions, and in many instances, well equipped guesthouses and hotels were later constructed at the same site. This article analyses the appropriation of mountain landscapes through mountain huts and pays particular attention to the interactions between members of alpine clubs and the local population living in the mountains. The discussion is based on a set of travelogues, guidebooks, and annals by the Tatra Society, the Hungarian Carpathian Society, and the Transylvanian Carpathian Society which were published between the foundation of the first alpine clubs in the Carpathians in the 1870s and the beginning of the First World War. By highlighting the role of social background of agents, this article seeks to go beyond the focus in scholarship on nationalist interpretations. Rather, it reveals how landscape architecture attributed new cultural values to mountains in modernity.
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Dakskobler, Igor. « Phytosociological description of dwarf shrub communities with dominant Rhododendron hirsutum and Juniperus alpina in the Julian Alps and Trnovski Gozd Plataeu / Fitocenološki opis grmišč s prevladujočima vrstama Rhododendron hirsutum in Juniperus (...) ». Folia biologica et geologica 63, no 1 (23 juin 2022) : 41–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/fbg0092.

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We surveyed shrub communities with dominant Rhododendron hirsutum and Juniperus alpina in the subalpine and lower alpine belt of the Julian Alps. Based on comparison with similar communities in the Southeastern Alps and northwestern Dinaric Alps we classified them into the association Rhodothamno chamaecisti-Juniperetum alpinae and a new subassociation laserpitietosum peucedanoidis. Similar stands in the altimontane-subalpine belt of the Trnovski Gozd Plateau (Kozja Stena under Mt. Javorški Vrh) and the Snežnik Mountains (Ždroclje) are classified into the association Rhododendro hirsuti-Juniperetum alpinae. On some sites, stands of the association Rhodothamno chamaecisti-Juniperetum alpinae are a successional stage on former or still active alpine pastures, but they also have a strong protective function and play an important role as biotopes. IZVLEČEK V podvisokogorskem in spodnjem visokogorskem pasu Julijskih Alp smo popisali grmišča s prevladujočima vrstama Rhododendron hirsutum in Juniperus alpina in jih na podlagi primerjave s podobnimi združbami v Jugovzhodnih Alpah in v severozahodnem delu Dinarskega gorstva uvrstili v asociacijo Rhodothamno chamaecisti-Juniperetum alpinae in v novo subasociacijo laserpitietosum peucedanoidis. Podobne sestoje v zgornjegorsko-podvisokogorskem pasu Trnovskega gozda (Kozja stena južno pod Javorškim vrhom) in Snežniškega pogorja (Ždroclje) uvrščamo v asociacijo Rhododendro hirsuti-Juniperetum alpinae. Sestoji asociacije Rhodothamno chamaecisti-Juniperetum alpinae so ponekod sukcesijski stadij na nekdanjih ali še dejavnih podvisokogorskih pašnikih, a imajo tudi pomembno varovalno in biotopsko vlogo.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Alpine mountains"

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Allen, Charles Edward. « Alpine Soil Geomorphology : The Development and Characterization of Soil in the Alpine-Subalpine Zone of the Wallowa Mountains, Oregon ». PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5217.

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Alpine soils are young, poorly developed soils that occur above treeline. This study investigates soils located in the alpine-subalpine zone of the Wallowa Mountains, northeast Oregon. Parent material, topography, and vegetation are the most influential pedogenic factors in the high alpine landscape of the Wallowas. Soil samples were collected from the Eagle Cap Wilderness Area of the Wallowas at three mountain locations: Eagle Cap, Sacajawea, and Matterhorn. Catenas were studied in the Windblown and Minimum Snowcover zones to examine different pedogenic factors, according to the Synthetic Alpine Slope model. · Field and laboratory testing characterized the alpine soils as predominantly loamy-sands with weak structural development. The 1:1 water pH values range from 6.5 to 7.3, and the soil hues are lOYR and 2. SY in color. Soil classification characterized Eagle Cap soils as Andisols: Lithic and Typic Haplocryands. The Matterhorn and Sacajawea residuum was not classified. Parent material influence on soil development was more noticeable on granodiorite than basalt, reflecting the propensity of granodiorite to weather rapidly. Marble and shale sites lacked soil development. All the soils exhibited eolian influence, determined from silt mineralogy results. While this component did not dominate the soils as in other alpine areas, its presence was ·proven by quartz and feldspars in soils developed on marble and calcite in soils developed on granodiorite. Sodium fluoride (NaF) pH tests indicate that there is also a high aluminum content in the alpine soils, probably due to influx of Mazama volcanic ash. Krummholz and alpine turf increase the organic content of the soil, although soils beneath krummholz were not as deep. This is partially due to decreased snowcover, subsequent lack of moisture, and different parent material. All soils show a decrease in organic carbon with depth indicating that bioturbation was either low, or the soil recovered from the disturbance rapidly. Organocutans found on the bottom of rocks in the B horizon illustrate organic trans location. The increase in pH with depth shows the influence of surficial organic matter, translocated dusts, and ash. Nunatak and landmass influence on soil development was undetermined.
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Lapp, Suzan L., et University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. « Climate warming impacts on alpine snowpacks in western North America ». Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2002, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/186.

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A wide area assessment of forecast changes in wintertime synoptic conditions over western North America is combined with a meso-scale alpine hydrometeorology model to evaluate the joint impact(s) of forecast climate change on snowpack conditions in an alpine watershed in the southern Canadian Rockies. The synoptic analysis was used to generate long-term climate time series scenarios using the CCCma CGCM1. An alpine hydrometerology model is used to predict changes in wintertime precipitation at the watershed scale. A mass balance snow model is utilized to predict the overall snow accumulation throughout a watershed. A vapour transfer model has been incorporated in the snow model to estimate snow volumes more accurately. The synoptic analysis and GCM output forecasts a modest increase in both winter precipitation and temperatures in the study area, resulting in a decline of winter snow accumulations, and hence an expected decline in spring runoff.
ix, 87 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.
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Aho, Ken Andrew. « Alpine and Cliff Ecosystems in the North-Central Rocky Mountains ». Thesis, Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/aho/AhoK1206.pdf.

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Data collection and analysis for managed wild lands is vital to their effective stewardship. To address this I gathered and analyzed data for largely undocumented alpine and cliff ecosystems located in the North-Central Rocky Mountains. This information should aid in decision-making processes for regional land managers and increase the overall ecological understanding of these systems. This manuscript includes detailed community analyses of alpine vegetation and its environment on andesitic-volcanic substrates in the Washburn Range and the Northern Absarokas. It also places the Washburn Range and Northern Absarokas into a regional non-volcanic context by comparing them to alpine areas in the Beartooth Mountains. Cliff communities were studied to record common species and to describe variation with respect to water and substrate gradients. An understanding of both alpine and cliff systems is important given the growing presence of exotic mountain goats (Oreomnos americanus) in the region, and concerns over the impact of global climate change to the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, particularly in alpine areas. I also present here a number of original methods which should be of interest to ecologists. These include (1) methods for identifying objectively appropriate vegetation classification methods, and finding the correct number of data clusters in datasets, (2) methods for studying important environmental parameters on rock surfaces, and (3) a new protocol for efficiently determining soil water potentials.
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Osorio, Federico G. « Biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification of subalpine and alpine plant communities in the Cariboo Mountains ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46685.

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Terrestrial ecosystems in British Columbia are cataloged using the Biogeoclimatic Ecosystem Classification (BEC). My research is a continuation of the BEC program, specifically aimed at classifying high-elevation ecosystems (alpine and subalpine) of the western Cariboo Mountains of British Columbia. I’ve included a literature review describing the factors that contribute to the formation of high-elevation plant communities. My results include: five new site series for the Interior Mountain Heather wet cold alpine subzone; b) seven new site series for the Engelmann Spruce Subalpine Fir wet cold parkland subzone; c) two plant orders (one not previously described); d) 5 alliances (2 not previously described), and 19 plant associations (17 not previously described). These results contribute to the description of Site Associations, Site Orders and Site Alliances for the provincial Alpine classification. To develop the classification, I explored the interaction of vegetation with topographic and edaphic variables, and followed phytosociology methods to develop the nomenclature for the plant communities
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Kerr, Timothy Ross. « Precipitation distribution in the Lake Pukaki Catchment, New Zealand ». Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2650.

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Mountain precipitation, as a major component of global ecology and culture, requires diverse observation-based distribution studies to improve process characterisation and so enhance environmental management and understanding. Analysis of data from an array of precipitation gauges within the nationally important, and internationally extreme, mountainous Lake Pukaki catchment in New Zealand has been undertaken in an effort to provide such a study, while also improving local hydrological understanding. An objective observation based undercatch-corrected 1971-2000 average annual precipitation distribution has been prepared for the mountainous Lake Pukaki catchment, New Zealand. Precipitation records from 58 gauges at 51 sites, augmented with 10 new gauges, were used in preparation of the distribution. The assessed undercatch correction of 17 % across the catchment indicates that mountain hydrological investigations in New Zealand that use precipitation data and yet do not consider undercatch will be in considerable error. The average annual distribution confirms the existence of high precipitation magnitudes and horizontal gradients in the catchment in comparison with other mountain regions around the world. The high magnitude is unusual when its position in the lee of the principal orographic divide is considered indicating rare precipitation distribution processes occur in the region. Consideration of river flows, glacial change and evaporation led to a confirmation of the gauge derived average catchment precipitation. Precipitation to wind direction relationships identified the predominant westerly wind to be the primary precipitation generating direction with large magnitude events biased towards the northerly direction. All directions from the eastern side of the mountain divide had the lowest frequency and daily precipitation magnitude. Derivation of wind-classed precipitation distributions identified a distinctive south east to north west precipitation gradient for all wind directions, most severe for the north west direction and least severe for the easterly direction. Precipitation extent was greatest for the northerly direction and least for the south south westerly. The wind-classed distributions enable the estimation of daily precipitation likelihood and magnitude at any location in the catchment based on knowledge of the synoptic wind flow direction and precipitation at just one reference site. Improved river flow and lake inflow estimates resulted from the use of wind classed daily precipitation estimates validating the quality of the wind classed distributions. From 1939 to 2000 there has been no statistically significant trend in precipitation magnitudes, frequencies, or extremes in the catchment. At Aoraki/Mt Cook village, in the upper catchment, there have been significant increases in magnitude, frequency and extremes associated with the phase change of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) in 1978. This change can be explained by the increase in strength of westerly winds for the different IPO phases but not by a change in frequency of different wind directions. In the lower catchment the IPO relationship is of an opposite sense to that observed in the upper catchment, indicating that the areas operate under two different climate regimes with different precipitation controls. The significant relationship to the IPO phase indicates that it is more important than climate warming in terms of future precipitation distribution in the Lake Pukaki catchment, and by extension the Southern Alps. The distributions prepared provide a valuable tool for operational and academic hydrological applications in the region. In addition, they provide a valuable characterisation of the precipitation in a Southern Hemisphere mid-latitude lee to predominant westerlies glacierized mountain catchment. From this standpoint they highlight the contrast to Northern Hemisphere mountain precipitation distributions commonly used in model validation studies, thereby providing an extension of locations with which to refine orographic precipitation process understanding.
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Kedrowski, Jon J. « Assessing Human-Environmental Impacts on Colorado's 14,000- Foot Mountains ». [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001468.

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Seillé, Hoël. « Geoelectrical characterisation of Alpine orogenic belts in the Iberian Peninsula using the magnetotelluric method ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400759.

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The Iberian Peninsula is considered as a “micro-continent”, located between the Eurasian and the African plates. Several ranges formed during the Alpine orogeny, in the borders of the plate or intraplate. As part of this thesis the first magnetotelluric (MT) data was collected across the intraplate Iberian fold and thrust belt and the first long-period magnetotelluric was collected across the Cantabrian Mountains, located in the northern boundary of the Iberian plate. This MT data was used to image the electrical conductivity distribution of the crust beneath these two orogens. The analysis of the MT data revealed the presence of three-dimensional structures in both studied areas and therefore 3-D inversion algorithms were used to obtain the final resistivity models. In the Cantabrian Mountains the correlation between the geoelectric image, the existing geophysical models and the surface geology provided a deeper understanding of the lithospherical processes. The final model shows excellent correlation with the superficial geology, depicting the main faults and lithologies at depth. The Duero Basin sediments are well delineated. A thickness of 2.5 to 3.5 km was deduced, and is in agreement with the seismic studies and well log data. Conductive zones in the Palaeozoic basement are related to enhanced permeability along the main Alpine faults. These conductive zones detected in the model do not reach more than 10 km in the southern part of the Cantabrian Mountains and 15 km in the northern part, and are therefore concentrated in the upper crust. The hydration/serpentinization of the upper mantle within the mantle wedge and beneath the Moho of the Cantabrian Margin is imaged as a zone of low resistivities. In the Iberian Chain the 3-D inversion model indicates that several Alpine thrusts are imaged as dipping conductors, which are limited to the upper crust. Two of them are the North Iberian Thrust and the Serranía de Cuenca Thrust, which bound to the north and to the south respectively the basement involved areas of the Iberian Chain. Both faults do not reach more than 15 km depth, suggesting that they are linked to the thrust system detachment at 10–15 km depth. This indicates that the Cenozoic thrust system causing the crustal thickening of the Iberian Chain is concentrated in the upper crust, which confirms the previous geological hypothesis proposed by Guimerà and Alvaro (1990). The 3-D inversion model is consistent with the collocated seismic image. A statistical analysis of the correlation between seismic velocity and electrical resistivity along a NE-SW profile is carried out for the upper crust and shows a clear correlation between both parameters. An increase in both seismic velocity and electrical resistivity is observed and is related to the depth at which the geological formations are located.
La Península Ibérica es un micro continente situado entre las Placas Euroasiática y Africana. Existen varios orógenos alpinos situados en el borde de placa y en su interior. En esta tesis se han realizado perfiles de magnetotelúrica a través de dos de estos orógenos: la Cordillera Cantábrica y la Cadena Ibérica. A partir de los datos de magnetotelúrica se han obtenido las imágenes de resistividad eléctrica a escala litosférica en la Cordillera Cantábrica y a escala cortical en la Cadena Ibérica. En ambos casos el análisis de la dimensionalidad de la estructura geoléctrica ha puesto de relieve un comportamiento 3-D. Por tanto se han realizado en cada caso inversiones 3-D conjuntas de las cuatro componentes del tensor de impedancias y de la función de transferencia geomagnética. En la Cordillera Cantábrica, la correlación de la distribución de resistividad eléctrica con otros modelos geofísicos y la geología de superficie ha conducido a una mejor comprensión de los procesos litosféricos de formación de la cordillera. El modelo de resistividades obtenido da una imagen de las principales fallas y estructuras en profundidad. La Cuenca del Duero está formada por sedimentos con un espesor variable, entre 2.5 a 3.5 km. El basamento paleozoico resistivo presenta zonas de conductividad elevada relacionadas con las fallas alpinas que no superan los 10 km de profundidad en la parte más meridional de la Cordillera y los 15 km en la parte septentrional de la misma, lo que indica que se sitúan en la corteza superior. La hidratación /serpentinización en la cuña del manto del margen cantábrico aparece reflejada por una zona de elevada conductividad eléctrica. En la Cadena Ibérica el modelo de inversión 3D obtenido revela la geometría de los cabalgamientos alpinos mediante zonas de elevada conductividad. Los dos principales son el Cabalgamiento Frontal Noribérico y el de la Serranía de Cuenca que limitan, al Norte y al Sur respectivamente, el basamento de la Cadena Ibérica. Ambas fallas no superan los 15 km de profundidad, indicando que el sistema de cabalgamientos cenozoico causante del engrosamiento de la cadena se concentra en la corteza superior. Se ha realizado un análisis estadístico de la correlación entre el modelo de resistividades obtenido y un modelo de velocidades sísmicas existente. El resultado indica una coincidencia entre un aumento de velocidades sísmicas y un aumento de resistividad eléctrica relacionado con la localización de las formaciones geológicas a distintas profundidades.
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Young, Laura May. « Seed dispersal mutualisms and plant regeneration in New Zealand alpine ecosystems ». Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Biological Sciences, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6992.

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The New Zealand alpine zone has many fleshy-fruited plant species, but now has a relatively depauperate animal fauna. The key question is, therefore, are native alpine plants still being dispersed, if so where to and by what? I first measured fruit removal rates among nine common species using animal-exclusion cages to compare natural fruit removal by all animals, and by lizards only. Over two years, mean percent of fruit removed by early winter ranged from 25–60% among species. Speed of fruit removal also varied depending on species. Secondly, I quantified which animals disperse (or predate) seeds of those fruits, into which habitats they deposit the seeds, and the relative importance of each animal species for dispersal, in two ways. A 2-year study using fixed-area transects to monitor faecal deposition showed that introduced mammals (especially possums, rabbits, hares, sheep, pigs and hedgehogs) were abundant and widespread through alpine habitat. Of the 25,537 faeces collected, a sub-sample of 2,338 was dissected. Most mammals dispersed most (> 90%) seeds intact. However, possums (numerically the important disperser) moved most seeds into mountain beech (Nothofagus solandri) forest, while rabbits, hares, and sheep dispersed seeds mainly into open grassland dominated by thick swards of exotic grasses (e.g. Agrostis capillaris and Anthoxanthum odoratum); all are less suitable microsites. Kea (Nestor notabilis), the largest and most mobile of only three remaining native alpine bird species, are potentially useful as a long-distance seed disperser, even though parrots are typically seed predators. I found that kea are numerically more important than all other birds combined, damage very few seeds, and are probably responsible for most dispersal of seeds between mountain ranges. Finally, I investigated the effects of seed deposition microsite (shady/high-light), pulp-removal (whole/cleaned), competition (soil dug/not-dug) and predation (caged/ not) on germination, growth and survival of eight subalpine plant species. There were strong positive effects of shady microsites for seed germination and seedling survival to 3.5 years for six of the eight species. Effects of other treatments were less important and varied among species and stages. Hence, both native birds and introduced mammals are dispersing alpine seeds, but the mammals often deposit seeds in habitats unsuitable for establishment. Any evaluation of the dispersal effectiveness of frugivores must consider their contribution towards the long-term success for plant recruitment through dispersal quantity and quality.
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Oldani, Kaley Michelle. « Characterization of wet and dry deposition to the nitrogen sensitive alpine ecosystems in the Colorado Rocky Mountains ». Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18732.

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Master of Science
Department of Civil Engineering
Natalie Mladenov
The Colorado Front Range of the Rocky Mountains contains undeveloped, barren soils, yet in this environment there is strong evidence for a microbial role in increased nitrogen (N) export. Barren soils in alpine environments are severely carbon-limited, and organic carbon (OC) is the main energy source for heterotrophic microbial activity and sustenance of life. Atmospheric deposition can contain high amounts of OC. Atmospheric pollutants, dust events, and biological aerosols, such as bacteria, may be important contributors to the atmospheric OC load. In this stage of the research we evaluated seasonal trends and annual loadings in the chemical composition and optical spectroscopic (fluorescence and UV-vis absorbance) signatures of wet deposition and dry deposition in an alpine environment, at Niwot Ridge in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado to better understand the sources and chemical characteristics of atmospheric deposition. Dry deposition was found to be an important source of OC to the alpine. Wet deposition contributed substantially greater amounts of dissolved ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate. There were also positive relationships between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and ammonium, nitrate and sulfate concentrations in wet deposition, which may be derived from such sources as dust and urban air pollution. We also observed the presence of seasonally-variable fluorescent components in atmospheric samples that are different from aquatic dissolved organic matter (DOM). Finally, the quality of atmospheric organic compounds reflects photodegradation during transport through the atmosphere. These results are relevant because atmospheric inputs of carbon and other nutrients may influence nitrification in barren, alpine soils and, ultimately, the export of nitrate from alpine watersheds.
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Reichwein, PearlAnn Carleton University Dissertation History. « Beyond the visionary mountains : the Alpine Club of Canada and the Canadian National Park idea, 1906-1969 ». Ottawa, 1995.

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Livres sur le sujet "Alpine mountains"

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Schmidt, John G. The alpine environment : Geology, ecology, and conservation. Hauppauge, N.Y : Nova Science Publisher's, 2010.

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Steel, W. G. The mountains of Oregon. Portland : D. Steel, 1987.

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Duft, Joseph F. Alpine wildflowers of the Rocky mountains. Missoula : Mountain Press, 1989.

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Willard, Beatrice E. Alpine wildflowers of the Rocky Mountains. Estes Park, Colo : Rocky Mountain Nature Association, 1988.

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Willard, Beatrice E. Alpine wildflowers of the Rocky Mountains. Estes Park, Colorado : Rocky Mountain Nature Association, Rocky Mountain National Park, 1990.

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Scott, Richard W. The alpine flora of the Rocky Mountains. Salt Lake City : University of Utah Press, 1995.

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Vozár, Jozef. Variscan and Alpine terranes of the Circum-Pannonian region. Bratislava : Slovak Academy of Sciences, Geological Institute, 2010.

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Edmund, Walker. Greeting. [Winnipeg ? : s.n., 1997.

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Slack, Nancy G. 85 acres : A field guide to the Adirondack alpine summits. Lake George, N.Y : Adirondack Mountain Club, 1993.

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1954-, Venables Stephen, dir. Himalaya alpine-style : The most challenging routeson the highest peaks. London : Hodder & Stoughton, 1995.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Alpine mountains"

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Dax, Thomas. « Shaping New Rural and Mountain Narratives : Priorities for Challenges and Opportunities in Mountain Research ». Dans Alpine Landgesellschaften zwischen Urbanisierung und Globalisierung, 33–49. Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-36562-2_2.

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AbstractIn recent decades, analyses on spatial change have addressed mountains as specific and crucial places for resilience and global sustainable development pathways. Comprehensive studies have recognized the complexity of "mountain" research issues at local to global levels. This article takes stock of the emerging shift in priorities across European research towards analyzing interactions in social-ecological systems of mountain areas. The analysis builds on long-term engagement in mountain research networks, the elaboration of a European mountain research strategy, and expert interviews on key requirements for research on mountain opportunities and challenges. In order to understand the complex interrelations of mountain social-ecological systems, it is crucial to apply inter- and transdisciplinary methods enabling the elaboration of new narratives on mountain research that address pressing societal challenges.
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Haller, Andreas, et Domenico Branca. « Urbanization and the Verticality of Rural–Urban Linkages in Mountains ». Dans Montology Palimpsest, 133–48. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13298-8_8.

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AbstractMountains are commonly considered a rural or even wild counterpart to cities. But, is this view still relevant in times of “planetary urbanization”? What is actually “wild,” “rural,” and “urban,” and how do these categories differ in structural and/or functional terms? Are there urban specificities in mountains? Drawing on the concepts of planetary urbanization and verticality, and introducing examples from the Global North and South, this chapter presents a central theme of urban montology, the sustainability-oriented, transdisciplinary study of urbanizing mountain environments: rural–urban linkages between altitudinal zones. Ecosystemic, infrastructural, demographic, economic, and sociocultural linkages in mountains present numerous peculiarities due to relief and altitude of the urbanizing environment. “Flows” of mountain ecosystem services, cable cars linking valleys and peaks, vertical spatial mobility of people, and the deliberate use of alpine environments and identities for branding mountain cities—to attract investors and visitors—are just a few examples that underline the increasing interconnectedness of the former counterparts of intrinsically “urban” cities and “rural” (or “wild”) mountains. This must be taken into account when studying and facilitating the transition of urbanizing mountain spaces into places worth living in for humans and nonhumans.
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Romerio, Franco. « Hydroelectric Resources Between State and Market in the Alpine Countries ». Dans Mountains : Sources of Water, Sources of Knowledge, 83–102. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6748-8_6.

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Clivaz, Christophe, et Emmanuel Reynard. « Crans-Montana : Water Resources Management in an Alpine Tourist Resort ». Dans Mountains : Sources of Water, Sources of Knowledge, 103–19. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6748-8_7.

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Moser, Meinhard, et Kent H. McKnight. « Fungi (Agaricales, Russulales) from the Alpine Zone of Yellowstone National Park and the Beartooth Mountains with Special Emphasis on Cortinarius ». Dans Arctic and Alpine Mycology II, 299–317. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1939-0_20.

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Streicher, Bernhard. « Alpine Experiential Education : The Mountains as a Place of Learning ». Dans Philosophical Education Beyond the Classroom, 337–48. Stuttgart : J.B. Metzler, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05948-2_20.

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Cornejo-Nieto, Carlos. « Representing the Landscape of the Sierra Nevada (Granada) : A ‘Translated’ Mountain of Reception of the Nineteenth-Century Alpine Geographical Imaginations ». Dans Mountains, Mobilities and Movement, 213–35. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58635-3_11.

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Tueckmantel, Christian, Silke Schmidt, Markus Neisen, Neven Georgiev, Thorsten J. Nagel et Nikolaus Froitzheim. « The Rila-Pastra Normal Fault and multi-stage extensional unroofing in the Rila Mountains (SW Bulgaria) ». Dans Orogenic Processes in the Alpine Collision Zone, S295—S310. Basel : Birkhäuser Basel, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-9950-4_17.

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Ferrari, Carlo. « Timberline and Alpine Vegetation in the Northern Apennines : Bioclimate Scenery and Vegetation Diversity ». Dans Climate Gradients and Biodiversity in Mountains of Italy, 109–24. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67967-9_6.

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Greppi, Claudio. « Massimo Quaini e il viaggio : il ruolo della verticalità ». Dans Il pensiero critico fra geografia e scienza del territorio, 295–310. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-322-2.20.

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In the issue of Geotema dedicated to travel (“Travel as source of geographical knowledge”), in 1997, Massimo Quaini’s article topic was “The geographical invention of verticality: for the history of the ‘discovery’ of mountains”. It concerns a fundamental segment of the history of geographical knowledge, between eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, involving both the Old and New World: Saussure in the Alps and Humboldt in the Andes. He had already worked on this same topic in other occasions, investigating institutions like CAI in Italy, and mountain’s role in the ‘official’ geography. Such lectures mark a path that, I think, finds a theoretical output in 2006 Parma conference, dedicated to the “end of the travel”, where Quaini spoke about “Between Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century: the travel and the new paradigm of geography”: a rich and problematic lecture, opening to further researches. But perhaps before this point of arrival, the new paradigm, I would suggest to think on an idea offered by the Geotema article, where we read: “so, if we want to fully speak of discovering the mountains it will be necessary that the culture of the outside travellers meet that of the mountaineers”. Actually, in Quaini's last lecture I take into consideration, the one at Forte di Bard in September 2006, his attention shifts definitely on the figures of alpine travellers, who may encounter knowledge acquired from local culture.
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Alpine mountains"

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Machar, Ivo, et Peter Mackovcin. « HISTORY OF MOUNTAIN FORESTS BELOW ALPINE TREE LINE (HRUBY JESENIK MOUNTAINS, CZECH REPUBLIC) ». Dans 20th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings SGEM 2020. STEF92 Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2020/3.1/s14.088.

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Siedersleben, Jakob, Stefan Jocham, Stefan Achleitner et Markus Aufleger. « Morphodynamic Impact of Increasing Diversion Discharge in an Alpine River ». Dans 40th IAHR World Congress - "Rivers � Connecting Mountains and Coasts". Spain : The International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-90-833476-1-5_iahr40wc-p0713-cd.

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Bovenga, Fabio, Antonella Belmonte, Alberto Refice et Ilenia Argentiero. « Differential SAR interferometry for snow water equivalent estimation over Alpine mountains ». Dans Microwave Remote Sensing : Data Processing and Applications II, sous la direction de Emanuele Santi, Fabio Bovenga, Claudia Notarnicola et Nazzareno Pierdicca. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2680508.

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Bostan, Cristian, Loredana Copacean, Luminita Cojocariu, Marinel Nicolae Horablaga et Alina Agapie. « SITUATION OF PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS IN THE ALPINE BIOGEOGRAPHICAL REGION (ROMANIA) ». Dans 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/6.2/s25.38.

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Romania�s physical-geographical and lithological complexity creates a great diversity of climatic and pedological conditions, which determines the richness of the types of ecosystems and habitats, as well as the presence of five biogeographical regions, including the Alpine bioregion. In Romania this biogeographical region includes both Carpathians peaks and coniferous and mixed forests of the Carpathians, but also the intermountain depressions and higher hills along the mountain chain. Various mountains are home to endemic and relic species, virgin and quasi-virgin natural forests, virtually extinct from the rest of the European Union with a special biological diversity. The purpose of this paper is to present a study on the number and distribution of protected natural areas, their area and share in the Alpine biogeographical region of Romania in relation to the entire EU bioregion. The Digital Elevation with spatial resolution model at 25 m and geospatial data were used to develop this study. In Romania, the Alpine bioregion occupies an area of 5.005.266.03 ha, of which 3.726.354.88 ha, respectively 74,42% is included in different categories of protected natural areas: SPA�s = 1.133.419,10 ha; SCI�s = 1.760.940,84 ha; wetland of international importance = 695,93 ha; scientific reservations = 5,77 ha; natural reservations = 137.503,29 ha; biosphere reservations = 85.518,26 ha; national parks = 202.741,98 ha; natural parks = 405.520,97 ha; natural monuments = 8,73 ha. Due to a partial or total overlap of the protected areas, the range of protected areas in the territory (soil footprint) is 2.147.431.78 ha.
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Awadallah, Mahmoud O. M., David F. Vetsch, Robert M. Boes, Erik van Rooijen et Davide Vanzo. « Dynamics of Mesoscale Fluvial Habitats of an Alpine Reach Under Various Flow Conditions ». Dans 40th IAHR World Congress - "Rivers � Connecting Mountains and Coasts". Spain : The International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-90-833476-1-5_iahr40wc-p0831-cd.

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Stanley, Olivia, et Glenn Thackray. « ROCK GLACIER DISTRIBUTION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR ALPINE HYDROLOGY IN THE NORTHERN ROCKY MOUNTAINS ». Dans GSA Connects 2023 Meeting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Geological Society of America, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2023am-393658.

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Munroe, Jeffrey S. « PROPERTIES OF MODERN DUST ACCUMULATING IN THE ALPINE ZONE OF THE UINTA MOUNTAINS, UTAH ». Dans GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-321386.

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Hinckley, Eve-Lyn. « Rapid Warming in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, U.S. : The Alpine Critical Zone Under Transition ». Dans Goldschmidt2022. France : European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.12424.

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Bryant, Mana M., Will B. Larson, Spruce W. Schoenemann, Lee Corbett et Paul R. Bierman. « INVESTIGATING ARID ALPINE PLEISTOCENE GLACIATION IN THE PIONEER MOUNTAINS OF MONTANA USING COSMOGENIC 10-BERYLLIUM ». Dans GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-371324.

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Li, Jing, Yu Sheng, Shixing Jiao et Guojing Yang. « Analysis on factors affecting the development of alpine permafrost in Central-Eastern Qilianshan Mountains, Northwest China ». Dans 2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5418163.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Alpine mountains"

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White, Kayla. Monitoring Vegetation Response to Trampling in the Adirondack Alpine Zone. Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Cooperative, août 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18125/ep7era.

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Allen, Charles. Alpine Soil Geomorphology : The Development and Characterization of Soil in the Alpine-Subalpine Zone of the Wallowa Mountains, Oregon. Portland State University Library, janvier 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7093.

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Ketchledge, E. H., R. E. Leonard, N. A. Richards, P. F. Craul, A. R. Eschner et A. R. Eschner. Rehabilitation of alpine vegetation in the Adirondack Mountains of New York State. Broomall, PA : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rp-553.

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Ketchledge, E. H., R. E. Leonard, N. A. Richards, P. F. Craul, A. R. Eschner et A. R. Eschner. Rehabilitation of alpine vegetation in the Adirondack Mountains of New York State. Broomall, PA : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rp-553.

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Collins, Paul. Alpine vegetation of Steens Mountain. Portland State University Library, janvier 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2816.

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Baldessari, Gianni, Oliver Bender, Domenico Branca, Luigi Crema, Anna Giorgi, Nina Janša, Janez Janša, Marie-Eve Reinert et Jelena Vidović. Smart Altitude. Sous la direction de Annemarie Polderman, Andreas Haller, Chiara Pellegrini, Diego Viesi, Xavier Tabin, Chiara Cervigni, Stefano Sala et al. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, mars 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/smart-altitude.

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This final report summarizes the outcomes of the Smart Altitude project. The Smart Altitude project ran from June 2018 to April 2021 and was carried out by ten partners from six different countries in the Alpine Space (Austria, France, Italy, Germany, Slovenia, and Switzerland). The project was co-financed by the European Union via Interreg Alpine Space. The aim of the project was to enable and accelerate the implementation of low-carbon policies in winter tourism regions by demonstrating the efficiency of a step-by-step decision support tool for energy transition in four Living Labs. The project targeted policymakers, ski resort operators, investors, tourism, and entrepreneurship organizations. The Smart Altitude approach was designed to ensure suitability across the Alpine Space, thereby fostering its replication and uptake in other winter tourism regions and thus increasing the resilience of mountain areas.
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Birk, Steffen, Christian Griebler, Johannes C. Haas, Alice Retter, Ainur Kokimova, Constanze Englisch, Santiago Gaviria, Johannes Grath, Heike Brielmann et Christine Stumpp. Impact of extreme hydrological events on the quantity and quality of groundwater in alpine regions – multiple-index application for an integrative hydrogeo-ecological assessment. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, septembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/ess-integrative-groundwater-assessment.

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Freshwater ecosystems in mountain areas are considered important water resources and biodiversity hotspots that are highly sensitive to changes in climate. The Alpine region is known to be particularly affected by climate change, including changes in hydrological extremes such as droughts and floods, which are expected to become more frequent and intense. Despite the importance of groundwater as a primary water resource, climate change impacts on groundwater quality, including those resulting from hydrological extremes, have been rarely addressed to date. Moreover, groundwater monitoring is currently focused on physical-chemical indicators, whereas groundwater ecological features such as biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are hardly considered. Against this background, this project addressed the following overarching research question: How do groundwater systems in an alpine and prealpine environment respond to extreme hydrological events in terms of water quantity and chemical quality as well as ecological status? To address this question, the valley of the river Mur from its alpine source area at 2000 m a.s.l. to the Austrian–Slovenian border at 200 m a.s.l. was considered. Thus, the investigation area included alpine and prealpine areas, different type of hydrogeological settings and different human impacts. Existing long-term data was complemented by high-resolution monitoring over time and sampling campaigns addressing wastewater-borne micro-pollutants, microbiological parameters, and groundwater fauna. Our results demonstrate a deterioration of water quality from the alpine source area towards the foreland, corresponding to the more intense agricultural and urban land use in the foreland. The vulnerability of groundwater systems to hydrological extremes is closely related to linkages between water quantity and water quality, which are found to be determined by the groundwater recharge mechanisms and their spatiotemporal dynamics. To achieve a more holistic assessment of groundwater systems, we recommend that their ecosystem nature is taken into account by microbiological indicators that complement existing hydrological and hydrochemical indices. The B-A-(E) index is proposed for this purpose but needs further development by transciplinary research involving local experts and stakeholders to define appropriate reference conditions that enable classifications into meaningful water-quality categories.
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Safer, Scott M. The Alpini Effect : Why the US Army Should Train Units for Mountain Warfare. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, mai 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada612179.

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Blais-Stevens, A., A. Castagner, A. Grenier et K D Brewer. Preliminary results from a subbottom profiling survey of Seton Lake, British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/332277.

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Seton Lake is a freshwater fiord located in southwestern British Columbia, roughly 4 km west of Lillooet and 250 km north-northeast of Vancouver. Located in the Coast Mountains, it is an alpine lake about 22-km long and roughly 1-1.5 km wide. It is separated from nearby Anderson Lake, located to the west, by a large pre-historic rock avalanche deposit at Seton Portage. The lake stands at about 243 m above sea level and is up to about 150 m deep (BC gov., 1953). Water level is controlled by a hydroelectric dam (i.e., Seton dam) located at the eastern end of the lake. Here, the lake drains east into Seton Canal, a 5 km diversion of the flow of the Seton River, which begins at the Seton dam. The Seton Canal pushes water to the Seton Powerhouse, a hydroelectric generating station at the Fraser River, just south of the community of Sekw'el'was and confluence of the Seton River, which drains into the Fraser River at Lillooet. Seton Portage, Shalatlh, South Shalatlh, Tsal'alh (Shalath), Sekw'el'was (Cayoosh Creek), and T'it'q'et (Lillooet) are communities that surround the lake. Surrounded by mountainous terrain, the lake is flanked at mid-slope by glacial and colluvial sediments deposited during the last glacial and deglacial periods (Clague, 1989; Jakob, 2018). The bedrock consists mainly of mafic to ultramafic volcanic rocks with minor carbonate and argillite from the Carboniferous to Middle Jurassic periods (Journeay and Monger, 1994). As part of the Public Safety Geoscience Program at the Geological Survey of Canada (Natural Resources Canada), our goal is to provide baseline geoscience information to nearby communities, stakeholders and decision-makers. Our objective was to see what kind of sediments were deposited and specifically if we could identify underwater landslide deposits. Thus, we surveyed the lake using a Pinger SBP sub bottom profiler made by Knudsen Engineering Ltd., with dual 3.5 / 200 kHz transducers mounted to a small boat (see photo). This instrument transmits sound energy down through the water column that reflects off the lake bottom surface and underlying sediment layers. At the lake surface, the reflected sound energy is received by the profiler, recorded on a laptop computer, and integrated with GPS data. These data are processed to generate a two-dimensional image (or profile) showing the character of the lake bottom and underlying sediments along the route that the boat passed over. Our survey in 2022 recorded 98 profiles along Seton Lake. The red transect lines show the locations of the 20 profiles displayed on the poster. The types of sediments observed are mostly fine-grained glaciolacustrine sediments that are horizontally bedded with a subtle transition between glaciolacustrine to lacustrine (e.g., profiles A-A'; C-C'; F-F'; S-S'). Profile S-S' displays this transition zone. The glaciolacustrine sediments probably were deposited as the Cordilleran Ice Sheet retreated from the local area (~13,000-11,000 years ago; Clague, 2017) and the lacustrine sediments, after the ice receded to present-day conditions. Some of the parallel reflections are interrupted, suggesting abrupt sedimentation by deposits that are not horizontally bedded; these are interpreted as landslide deposits (see pink or blue deposits on profiles). The deposits that show disturbance in the sedimentation found within the horizontal beds are thought to be older landslides (e.g., blue arrows/deposits in profiles C-C'; E-E'; F-F'; G-G'; I-I'; J-J'; K-K'; N-N'; P-P'; Q-Q'; R-R'; T-T'; U-U'), but the ones that are found on top of the horizontally laminated sediments (red arrows/pink deposits), and close to the lake wall, are interpreted to be younger (e.g., profiles B-B'; C-C'; H-H'; K-K'; M-M'; O-O'; P-P'; Q-Q'). At the fan delta just west of Seton dam, where there was no acoustic signal penetration, it is interpreted that the delta failed and brought down coarser deposits at the bottom of the lake (e.g., profiles H-H'; M-M'; and perhaps K-K'). However, these could be glacial deposits, bedrock, or other coarser deposits. Some of the deposits that reflect poor penetration of the acoustic signal, below the glaciolacustrine sediments, could represent glacial deposits, old landslide deposits, or perhaps the presence of gas (orange arrows; e.g, B-B'; D-D'; J-J'; O-O', T-T'). The preliminary results from sub bottom profiling reveal that there are underwater landslides deposits of widely varying ages buried in the bottom of the lake. However, the exact timing of these is not known. Hence our preliminary survey gives an overview of the distribution of landslides where there seems to be a larger number of landslides recorded in the narrower eastern portion of the lake.
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Butterweck, Gernot, Alberto Stabilini, Benno Bucher, David Breitenmoser, Ladislaus Rybach, Cristina Poretti, Stéphane Maillard et al. Aeroradiometric measurements in the framework of the swiss exercise ARM23. Paul Scherrer Institute, PSI, mars 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55402/psi:60054.

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The flights of the civil (ARM23c) and military (ARM23m) parts of the exercise were performedbetween June 19th and 23rd and between September 11th and September 15th,respectively. The measuring system RLL001 was employed for all measurements. As usual, during the civil exercise the environs of some of the Swiss nuclear power plants were screened, on behalf of the Swiss Nuclear Safety Inspectorate (ENSI). At the site of the nuclear power plant Gösgen (KKG) with its pressurized water reactor, the activation products of the primary coolant loop are kept in the well shielded reactor building, thus generating no elevated readings neither on the premises nor in the vicinity of the power plant. The nuclear power plant of Mühleberg (KKM) is now being decommissioned. During this phase, activated components are temporarily stored and processed on the plant premises. The dose rate produced by these components, easily detected and identified with the Swiss airborne gamma spectrometry system, is nevertheless very modest and closely monitored by the Swiss Nuclear Safety Inspectorate (ENSI). Search exercises for radionuclide sources were performed in both parts of ARM23. The operational software of the RLL systems was able to detect the radionuclide sources placed in military training areas. The Man-Made Gross-Count (MMGC) ratio demonstrated a good sensitivity for the identification of radionuclide sources. Nevertheless, a weak radionuclide source placed in the field of view of the helicopter (300 m x 300 m at a ground clearance of 100 m) together with a much stronger radionuclide source emitting higher energy photons was obscured due to Compton scattered photons and therefore could not be detected. Measurements of two teams using drones equipped with radiation monitors demonstrated that low flying drones (ground clearance below 10 m) can be a valuable and complementary tool to identify sources and to further reduce the target area to be searched with ground teams. An altitude profile over Lake Constance confirmed the already observed influence of airborne radon progeny on the determination of cosmic and background corrections. Background flights were performed over several Swiss regions. Besides attenuation effects of water bodies, variations of natural radionuclide content could be observed. A new flight strategy in alpine topography was tested near the Swiss mountain Chrüz. Following contour lines of the topography reduces the necessity for drastic flight altitude changes compared to the parallel line pattern normally used, but is much more challenging for the pilots.
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