Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Alliages β-Métastable »
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Thèses sur le sujet "Alliages β-Métastable"
Duval, Thimothée. « Analyse multi-échelles des relations microstructure/propriétés mécaniques sous sollicitation monotone et cyclique des alliages de titane β-métastable ». Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ESMA0033/document.
Texte intégralThe improvement of specific performances of metallic materials used for aerospaceapplications needs continuous researches and developments. Titanium alloys are materials ofchoice for aerospace companies thanks to their high mechanical properties and low density.Among them, the β-metastable alloys that retain up to 40% of β phase are more and moreintroduced in aircraft engines (Ti-17) and for structural parts (e.g. landing gears in Ti-5553and Ti-10-2-3).This work aims to analyse the mechanical behaviour and durability of these alloyssubmitted to monotonic or cyclic loadings. Mechanical tests have been developed on differentindustrial microstructures as on academic simplified ones produced by specific thermaltreatments. Deformation mechanisms (slip systems) and damage processes (cracks initiation)were identified and analyzed at different scales using microscopes (optical and SEM) andcrystallographic features were studied by EBSD. Specific in situ tests performed undermicroscopes (optical and SEM) and digital images correlation techniques at scales of interesthave permitted to identify and to quantify the key microstructural parameters and the kineticsof these processes. One major result concerns the influence of the anisotropy of mechanicalproperties associated to the β phase
Duval, Thimothée. « Analyse multi-échelles des relations microstructure/propriétés mécaniques sous sollicitation monotone et cyclique des alliages de titane β-métastable ». Phd thesis, ISAE-ENSMA Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et d'Aérotechique - Poitiers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00959280.
Texte intégralZhang, Jinyong. « Mechanical Behavior and Microstructural Evolution in Metastable β Ti-Mo Based Alloys with TRIP and TWIP Effects ». Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066313/document.
Texte intégralIn this work, based on combination of the ‘d-electron alloy design method’ and controlling of electron/atom ratio (e/a), a model of binary Ti-12Mo (wt. %) and ternary Ti-Mo based alloys were designed, induced combined TRIP and TWIP effects (TRIP for Transformation Induced Plasticity and TWIP for Twinning Induced Plasticity). The tensile results show that so-designed alloys exhibit true stress-strain values at uniform plastic deformation, of about 1000-1200MPa and between 0.3 and 0.4 of strain, with a large strain-hardening rate. Several characterization techniques, such as conventional X-ray diffraction (XRD), In-situ Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), electrical resistivity measurements (ERM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and automatic crystal orientation measurements (ACOM) TEM, were carried out to to investigate the deformation mechanisms and microstructure evolution sequence. Various deformation mechanisms, i.e. {332}<113> mechanical twinning, deformation induced ω phase and stress-induced α’’ martensite, were identified after mechanical testing, resulting in a combination of high strength, large ductility and improved strain-hardening rate. Furthermore, low temperature aging (LTA) treatments were performed on the Ti-12Mo alloy to improve the mechanical property through controlling the ω phase transformation without excessive modification of β matrix chemical composition, keeping the possibility for combined TRIP and TWIP effects to occur. The influence of LTA treatment on the mechanical behavior and microstructural evolution of Ti-12Mo alloy was discussed in detail
Goetz, Morgan. « Contribution à l’étude des mécanismes mis en jeu au cours de la transformation β → α dans des alliages de titane à vocations aéronautiques ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0287.
Texte intégralThe first goal of the work is to investigate the influence of the nominal content in Al, Zr and Hf on the microstructural evolutions of beta-metastable Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr alloy during cooling (stepped and continuous) from the beta domain. Three beta-metastable alloys with different compositions are thus considered: Ti-5553 (reference), Natis 1 and Natis 2. We have monitored in situ the overall sequences and kinetics of phase transformations (electrical resistivity, HEXRD) and characterized post mortem the microstructures formed during these transformations (HEXRD, SEM, TEM, image analysis, macro-hardness). Coarse microstructures are also generated in the case of Natis alloys to unravel the role of Zr and Hf. Using all these techniques, we have been able to establish the time and temperature ranges where the stable (alpha, alpha2, beta) and metastable (alpha’’, omega) phases appear, to build TTT and CCT diagrams. It turns out that the overall kinetics of phase transformations and the resulting microstructures are highly dependent on thermal conditions but do not vary significantly between the three alloys. This results from the small difference in nominal composition between the alloys as well as from the neutral role of Zr and Hf elements in terms of partitioning. Based on the analysis of the isothermal kinetics using JMAK model, we have been able to predict the evolution of the phases and morphologies during cooling for the three alloys.The second aim of the work is to investigate the mechanisms involved in the beta => alpha and beta => alpha’’ transformations in Ti-5553 alloy. For this purpose, microstructures are generated during different isothermal treatments and the evolution of the microstructural features and compositions are determined following a quantitative multi-scale approach (HEXRD, SEM, TEM, STEM-EDX, APT). This investigation shows that there is a fast effective partition of the alloying elements during the beta => alpha transformation at high temperature (> 650°C): the compositions of alpha and beta do not vary significantly with holding time and are close to the predictions by Thermo-Calc®. At intermediate temperatures (600°C), alpha displays an initial non-equilibrium composition that evolves slowly towards equilibrium. This evolution has been analyzed using a phase field model, considering a ternary Ti-Mo-V alloy. The calculations have been shown to agree with the measurements if alpha growth is mixed mode, i.e. controlled by bulk diffusion and interfacial process. Finally, at low temperatures (325°C), beta => alpha’’ transformation is accompanied by short distance diffusion resulting in a slight partition between alpha’’ and beta that increases with the treatment duration
Wen, Jing. « Effet de l'hydrogène sur la microstructure et la déformation en laminage à froid du titane de pureté commerciale et d'un alliage de titane β métastable ». Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0167/document.
Texte intégralDue to an attractive combination of physical, chemical and mechanical properties, titanium and titanium alloys have become promising candidates in the field of chemical industry, aerospace and biomedical materials. During manufacturing procedures and applications, components are exposed to environments that can act as sources of hydrogen. Therefore, understanding their interaction with hydrogen upon various mechanical/thermal processing is important so that their properties and performance can be controlled and reliably predicted. With the aim of enhancing the properties and performance of titanium and reducing the cost of manufacturing products, the present work is primarily focusing on the effect of hydrogen on the cold rolling behavior and the subsequent annealing of titanium and titanium alloy characterized by different crystalline structure, i.e. hexagonal and body cubic centered (bcc) structure for the commercial pure titanium Ti50A and metastable β-titanium alloy β-21S, respectively. Since the microstructure of titanium and its alloys is the governing factor that determines their properties and performance, the microstructural evolution in the presence of hydrogen upon various procedures was analyzed by combination of XRD, SEM-EBSD and TEM. The introduction of hydrogen in Ti50A by electrolytic method induced the precipitation of two types of hydrides (δ-TiHx, ε-TiH2) in the phase matrix, and it was found that the volume fraction of these hydrides increased as the charging time increased. Five orientation relationships (ORs), three of them being new orientation relationships ever reported, between the -phase and the hydride δ-TiHx were determined. Moreover, the correlation between the rolling texture and the hydride precipitation was also established. It was found that the existence of the rolling texture facilitated the precipitation of δ-hydride following the OR2-type orientation relationship. X-ray analyses revealed a broadening of the diffraction peaks corresponding to the phase, indicating a increase of the dislocation density, these dislocations being necessary to accommodate the lattice misfit between hydrides and the matrix. Under compression loading, the observation of slip traces and tension twin {10 2}< 011> TT1 in the -grains containing hydrides, suggested that the hydrides had a certain ability to accommodate the imposed shear strain, depending on the orientation relationships between the matrix and the hydrides as well as on their thickness. Although no correlation between the nucleation of twinning and the hydride could be established in this study, the hydrides seemed to play an important role on the development of twinning deformation. The effects of hydrogen on the cold rolling behavior in Ti50A showed that, the formation of TT1tension twins can be facilitated due to the increase of the c/a ratio owing to the hydrogen addition and the existence of local stresses generated by the precipitation of hydrides. The refinement of the microstructure was also observed in the hydrogenated Ti50A-H suggesting that the presence of hydrides can enhance the generation of high angle boundaries (HABs). In addition, the formation of numerous geometrically necessary dislocations (GND) allowing the accommodation of the strain incompatibility between the hydride and matrix could be worked out by SEM-EBSD, which also confirmed analyses of the X-ray traces. In the case of β-21S alloy, with bcc structure that can accommodate a larger concentration of interstitial atoms, hydrogen was introduced by gas method. The effect of hydrogen on the microstructure was found to be closely related to the hydrogen concentration. In the range of hydrogen/metal ratio 0.052 < H/M < 0.300, the microstructure consisting of the single β-phase showed that the dissolved hydrogen atoms expanded the bcc β-lattice and suppressed the decomposition of the β phase upon cooling [...]
Voillot, Benoit. « Caractérisation de la tenue mécanique en fatigue de pièces en alliage de titane Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr contenant des défauts ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN012/document.
Texte intégralThe prediction of the fatigue life of sliders made by SAFRAN Landing Systems is the goal of this work. To manufacture big forged parts, high performance Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr (Ti5553) alloy is used.To ensure the in-service life, various mechanical treatments are carried out. Shot-peening at the end of the process is of prime importance in order to improve the mechanical performance. The knowledge of residual stresses resulting from this treatment is necessary to understand fatigue results for all part location. The two-phase microstructure of the alloy makes stress analyses difficult. A complete protocol to analyse stresses by X-ray diffraction has been developed and validated through in-situ test. The Ti5553 alloy exhibits high yield stress coupled with weaker toughness. Lifing of parts made of Ti5553 is currently carried out with no specific account of surface defects. To improve the knowledge of initiation processes in this alloy in the presence of defects, various tests have been carried out (elasto-plastic behavior, crack initiation and propagation studies). Tests are carried out on coupons with faces and edges with calibrated defects (i.e., machined scratches and indents). The influence of such defects on the fatigue lifetime are studied in terms of type, size and shot-peening level
Helstroffer, Aurélien. « Anisotropie de propriétés mécaniques d'origine morphologique et cristallographique de l'alliage de titane β-métastable Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr : influence sur la durabilité en fatigue ». Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ESMA0001/document.
Texte intégralΒ-metastable titanium alloys are widely used in the aerospace industry due to the combination of superior mechanical properties with a low density and a good corrosion resistance. In contrast with α or α/β alloys, 40 % of β phase are retained at room temperature in these alloys. This phase, with a body-centered cubic structure, is known to exhibit a high elastic anisotropy. A significant influence is expected on the deformation processes operating at the microstructure scale. The PhD work detailed in the present manuscript focuses on the relationship between durability of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr under cyclic loadings, which is a critical concern for aerospace components, and the elastic anisotropy of the β phase. Elastic anisotropy was first studied in order to enable a proper description of crystalline elasticity in the the β phase. Different academic microstructures were designed to isolate the contribution of the α phase. A characterization of the crystallographic texture using the EBSD technique combined with estimation of Young’s modulus using the dynamic resonance method enabled to review and criticize the elastic constants datasets available in the literature for the β phase. Finally, the contribution of the α precipitation was re-introduced in order to model the properties of the alloy with an industrially used microstructure.The plastic deformation and damage processes operating under monotonic and cyclic loadings were then characterized by considering the local crystallographic orientation of both phases. This enabled to study the influence of elastic anisotropy on the mechanical behavior at multiple scales as well as to identify the microstructural arrangements favoring damage. The consequences on durability of the Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr alloy under fatigue loading are finally discussed
Chini, Maria Rita. « Analyse des hétérogénéités de microstructure et de microtexture héritées par transformation de phase β→α dans des pièces massives en alliage Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al : influence sur la dispersion des propriétés mécaniques ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0149.
Texte intégralThe β-metastable titanium alloys such as Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al are gradually replacing α/β alloys in aeronautical applications thanks to their improved specific strength. However, their microstructures are complex and multi-scale, consisting of a β matrix (of millimetric grains) partially transformed into primary αp nodules (micrometric) and secondary αs lamellae (sub-micrometric). The final mechanical properties are very sensitive to local variations of the microstructure, which are not always fully controlled during forging of massive parts. Moreover, the β matrix, which represent 40% of the volume and whose elastic and plastic behavior is strongly anisotropic (like the α phase) complicates the understanding of the mechanisms of deformation. The first objective of this thesis was to efficiently characterize the microstructure/texture of the different constituents (β/αp/αs) and their heterogeneities within half-finished products and forged parts by using techniques of multi-scale characterization (neutron diffraction, electronic imaging coupled with image analysis and EBSD, reconstruction of high temperature microtextures β/αp). As a result the fragmentation of the β grains into subgrains, the αp macrozones, the destruction of the orientation relation between β/αp and the organization of the αs lamellae in colonies or basket weave was quantified and the differences in size of domains revealed by crystallography and by standard imaging were pointed out. The second objective is to apply this methodology to the analysis of fracture surfaces of samples exhibiting singular behavior (in tension or in fatigue) in order to characterize the microstructural configurations leading to early cracking. This analysis was mainly performed by manual polishing coupled with EBSD acquisitions but also by using 3D imaging by SEM-FIB (Focus Ion Beam) and TKD (Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction) technique on a thin foil FIB-extracted from the crack initiation site. Finally, this experimental study was completed by a micromechanical simulation on a 100% β model microstructure. The objective was to evaluate the influence of the elastic anisotropy of the β phase on the genesis of incompatibility stresses in the elastic and elasto-plastic regimes. The overall results contribute to a better understanding of the variations of mechanical properties related to the local microstructure
Chini, Maria Rita. « Analyse des hétérogénéités de microstructure et de microtexture héritées par transformation de phase β→α dans des pièces massives en alliage Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al : influence sur la dispersion des propriétés mécaniques ». Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0149.
Texte intégralThe β-metastable titanium alloys such as Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al are gradually replacing α/β alloys in aeronautical applications thanks to their improved specific strength. However, their microstructures are complex and multi-scale, consisting of a β matrix (of millimetric grains) partially transformed into primary αp nodules (micrometric) and secondary αs lamellae (sub-micrometric). The final mechanical properties are very sensitive to local variations of the microstructure, which are not always fully controlled during forging of massive parts. Moreover, the β matrix, which represent 40% of the volume and whose elastic and plastic behavior is strongly anisotropic (like the α phase) complicates the understanding of the mechanisms of deformation. The first objective of this thesis was to efficiently characterize the microstructure/texture of the different constituents (β/αp/αs) and their heterogeneities within half-finished products and forged parts by using techniques of multi-scale characterization (neutron diffraction, electronic imaging coupled with image analysis and EBSD, reconstruction of high temperature microtextures β/αp). As a result the fragmentation of the β grains into subgrains, the αp macrozones, the destruction of the orientation relation between β/αp and the organization of the αs lamellae in colonies or basket weave was quantified and the differences in size of domains revealed by crystallography and by standard imaging were pointed out. The second objective is to apply this methodology to the analysis of fracture surfaces of samples exhibiting singular behavior (in tension or in fatigue) in order to characterize the microstructural configurations leading to early cracking. This analysis was mainly performed by manual polishing coupled with EBSD acquisitions but also by using 3D imaging by SEM-FIB (Focus Ion Beam) and TKD (Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction) technique on a thin foil FIB-extracted from the crack initiation site. Finally, this experimental study was completed by a micromechanical simulation on a 100% β model microstructure. The objective was to evaluate the influence of the elastic anisotropy of the β phase on the genesis of incompatibility stresses in the elastic and elasto-plastic regimes. The overall results contribute to a better understanding of the variations of mechanical properties related to the local microstructure
Hamma, Juba. « Modélisation par la méthode des champs de phase du maclage mécanique dans des alliages de titane β-métastables ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS381.
Texte intégralBeta-metastable titanium alloys exhibit remarkable mechanical properties at room temperature, linked to the microstructure evolution under stress. A specific deformation mode plays an essential role: the {332}<11-3> twinning system. This thesis work thus concerns a modeling, by the phase field method, of {332} twin variants evolution under stress. The first part is devoted to an Allen-Cahn type phase field model with an elasticity taken into account in a geometrically linear formalism. This model is used with an isotropic or anisotropic interface energy in order to study the influence of the latter on the growth of twin variants. The role of an elasticity formulated in finite strain is then discussed and gives rise to the second part of this work. A mechanical equilibrium solver formulated in the geometrically non-linear formalism using a spectral method is then set up and validated. It is then used in the development of an Allen-Cahn type phase field model considering a geometrically non-linear elasticity. We then proceed to a fine comparative study of the microstructures obtained in linear and non-linear geometries. The results show a major difference between the microstructures obtained in the two elastic frameworks, concluding on the need for elasticity in finite strain formalism to reproduce the twin microstructures observed experimentally. Finally, we present a prospective study of a more general phase field formalism than the previous ones, based on a Lagrange reduction method, which would allow to fully take into account the reconstructive character of twinning and the hierarchical nature of the microstructures observed experimentally