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Articles de revues sur le sujet "All Time Low (Musical group)"
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Nisha, Kavassery Venkateswaran, Devi Neelamegarajan, Nishant N. Nayagam, Jim Saroj Winston et Sam Publius Anil. « Musical Aptitude as a Variable in the Assessment of Working Memory and Selective Attention Tasks ». Journal of Audiology and Otology 25, no 4 (10 octobre 2021) : 178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7874/jao.2021.00171.
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Background and Objectives: The influence of musical aptitude on cognitive test performance in musicians is a long-debated research question. Evidence points to the low performance of nonmusicians in visual and auditory cognitive tasks (working memory and attention) compared with musicians. This cannot be generalized to all nonmusicians, as a sub-group in this population can have innate musical abilities even without any formal musical training. The present study aimed to study the effect of musical aptitude on the working memory and selective attention.Subjects and Methods: Three groups of 20 individuals each (a total of 60 participants), including trained-musicians, nonmusicians with good musical aptitude, and nonmusicians with low musical aptitude, participated in the present study. Cognitive-based visual (Flanker’s selective attention test) and auditory (working memory tests: backward digit span and operation span) tests were administered.Results: MANOVA (followed by ANOVA) revealed a benefit of musicianship and musical aptitude on backward digit span and Flanker’s reaction time (p<0.05). Discriminant function analyses showed that the groups could be effectively (accuracy, 80%) segregated based on the backward digit span and Flanker’s selective attention test. Trained musicians and nonmusicians with good musical aptitude were distinguished as one cluster and nonmusicians with low musical aptitude formed another cluster, hinting the role of musical aptitude in working memory and selective attention.Conclusions: Nonmusicians with good musical aptitude can have enhanced working memory and selective attention skills like musicians. Hence, caution is required when these individuals are included as controls in cognitive-based visual and auditory experiments.
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Гэ, Ч. « Analysis of the structure of development and influence of the Russian music education system ». Management of Education, no 1(59) (15 janvier 2023) : 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25726/n7190-5678-0457-z.
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Важнейшими институтами, которые должны создавать условия для музыкальной социализации всех юных членов общества, являются общеобразовательные школы. Но, по нашему мнению, в общем масштабе реальную ситуацию в сфере школьной музыкально-педагогической практики в России нельзя охарактеризовать положительно. Музыкально-образовательный уровень российских граждан в целом недостаточно высок. И это следствие не только глобальных общественных проблем (доминирование значения материальных ценностей в мире взрослых, ограниченность процесса музыкальной социализации большей части детей и молодежи вне школы малохудожественной, а иногда и антиэстетической „музыкальной” продукцией и др.), но и в значительной степени музыкальнообразовательного дефицита в школе. Среди негативных факторов, влияющих на качество музыкального образования в России, назовем следующие: дезинтерес политиков и чиновников к этой проблеме, проявляющейся прежде всего в крайне недостаточном количестве учебного времени, отведенного на музыкальные занятия, и скудном материально-техническом обеспечении; потеря мотивации учителей музыкального искусства к результатам собственной деятельности из-за низкой материальной заинтересованности; перегрузка учителей из-за чрезмерного количества бюрократической документации и недостатка учебного времени; проведение музыкальных занятий в начальной школе учителями начальных классов. Катастрофической является ситуация, когда учитель начальных классов сам не может петь, а иногда и не имеет музыкального слуха, когда за счет времени музыкальных занятий решают проблемы других предметов и тому подобное. Такие случаи не редки в нашей школе вследствие все еще распространенного отношения как учеников и их родителей, так и учителей других дисциплин и администрации школы к музыкальному искусству как к второстепенному предмету, что не приносит практической пользы в жизни. Не секрет, что вместе с повышением в школе интереса к модным предметам – экономике, логике, иностранным языкам, информатике и т.д. – блок эстетических дисциплин практически отодвинут на задний план. The International Music Council (IMC) is the world's leading membership-based professional organization dedicated to promoting the value of music in the lives of all peoples. IFC's mission is to develop sustainable music sectors around the world, raise awareness of the value of music, give music meaning in all sectors of society and protect the fundamental rights to music in all countries. IMC is represented by a Regional Music Council in each of the following 5 regions: Africa, America, Asia-Pacific, Europe and the Arab World. All members of the regional group are automatically also IMC members. As a member of the European Music Council (IMC), EMU is therefore also%The most important institutions that should create conditions for the musical socialization of all young members of society are secondary schools. But, in our opinion, on a general scale, the real situation in the field of school music and pedagogical practice in Russia cannot be characterized positively. The musical and educational level of Russian citizens as a whole is not high enough. And this is a consequence not only of global social problems (the dominance of the value of material values in the adult world, the limited process of musical socialization of most children and youth outside of school with low-artistic, and sometimes anti-aesthetic "musical" products, etc.), but also to a large extent the musical and educational deficit at school. Among the negative factors affecting the quality of music education in Russia, we will name the following: disinterest of politicians and officials to this problem, manifested primarily in the extremely insufficient amount of study time allocated to music classes and poor material and technical support; loss of motivation of music teachers to the results of their own activities due to low material interest; overload of teachers due to excessive amount of bureaucratic documentation and lack of study time; conducting music lessons in primary school by primary school teachers. A catastrophic situation is when a primary school teacher himself cannot sing, and sometimes does not have a musical ear, when problems of other subjects are solved at the expense of the time of music lessons, and the like. Such cases are not uncommon in our school due to the still widespread attitude of both students and their parents, as well as teachers of other disciplines and the school administration to musical art as a secondary subject, which does not bring practical benefits in life. It is no secret that along with the increase in interest in fashionable subjects at school – economics, logic, foreign languages, computer science, etc. – the block of aesthetic disciplines is practically pushed into the background.
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Sanfilippo, Katie Rose M., Bonnie McConnell, Victoria Cornelius, Buba Darboe, Hajara B. Huma, Malick Gaye, Hassoum Ceesay et al. « Community psychosocial music intervention (CHIME) to reduce antenatal common mental disorder symptoms in The Gambia : a feasibility trial ». BMJ Open 10, no 11 (novembre 2020) : e040287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040287.
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ObjectivesExamine the feasibility of a Community Health Intervention through Musical Engagement (CHIME) in The Gambia to reduce common mental disorder (CMD) symptoms in pregnant women.DesignFeasibility trial testing a randomised stepped-wedge cluster design.SettingFour local antenatal clinics.ParticipantsWomen who were 14–24 weeks pregnant and spoke Mandinka or Wolof were recruited into the intervention (n=50) or control group (n=74).InterventionMusic-based psychosocial support sessions designed and delivered by all-female fertility societies. Sessions lasted 1 hour and were held weekly for 6 weeks. Delivered to groups of women with no preselection. Sessions were designed to lift mood, build social connection and provide health messaging through participatory music making. The control group received standard antenatal care.OutcomesDemographic, feasibility, acceptability outcomes and the appropriateness of the study design were assessed. Translated measurement tools (Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20); Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)) were used to assess CMD symptoms at baseline, post-intervention and 4-week follow-up.ResultsAll clinics and 82% of women approached consented to take part. A 33% attrition rate across all time points was observed. 72% in the intervention group attended at least three sessions. Audio and video analysis confirmed fidelity of the intervention and a thematic analysis of participant interviews demonstrated acceptability and positive evaluation. Results showed a potential beneficial effect with a reduction of 2.13 points (95% CI (0.89 to 3.38), p<0.01, n=99) on the SRQ-20 and 1.98 points (95% CI (1.06 to 2.90), p<0.01, n=99) on the EPDS at the post-intervention time point for the intervention group compared with standard care.ConclusionResults demonstrate that CHIME is acceptable and feasible in The Gambia. To our knowledge, CHIME is the first example of a music-based psychosocial intervention to be applied to perinatal mental health in a low- and middle-income country context.Trial registration numberPan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR201901917619299).
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Sulaieva, N., et V. Berezan. « DISTANCE FORMS AND TOOLS OF ARTISTIC AND EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN PRESCHOOL, SECONDARY AND EXTRACURRICULAR EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS ». Aesthetics and Ethics of Pedagogical Action, no 29 (14 juin 2024) : 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2226-4051.2024.29.306164.
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The article highlights the relevance of distance music education in modern preschool, general education, and extracurricular institutions. Its effectiveness and efficiency depend on various factors: among which there is the ability of educators, music directors, or music teachers to implement the forms and tools of distance education according to the requirements of the time. The authors emphasize that various forms of distance music education are currently established. They are the following: chat classes, which take place synchronously; asynchronous web classes; as well as, hybrid (mixed) music education classes. Their implementation is provided by powerful support and the presence in the information space of various platforms, applications, and services for giving general musical education. The platforms Zoom and Google Meet, messengers Viber, Telegram, WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, and Instagram are the most popular among music teachers. In the course of musical and educational activities today, online tools are also used, which allow you to quickly and easily listen to the best musical samples, create projects, individual and group tasks, audio and video presentations, flashcards, professional selections, write music, make arrangements, etc. They are the following: virtual tours and concerts posted on the Google Cultural Institute online service in the Performing Arts section; the Melody-Marker, Song Maker, and Rhythm tools featured on the Chrome Music Lab website; Padlet web resource pages, etc. The usage of all the possibilities of distance learning has its advantages, as it allows for maintaining the system and continuity of general music education in difficult conditions. At the same time, there are certain requirements for teaching music online. The most relevant are the inadmissibility following: teaching children to sing online (in particular, the formation of the ability to intonate cleanly); use of video and audio recordings of classes with methodical errors; the use of low-quality recordings of songs for listening and playback by children; lack of control over the quality of provision of educational services, etc. Further research can be devoted to further research on the influence of distance music education on the development of musical abilities of students of different ages and levels of training, to the study of optimal strategies for learning music in the online format, taking into account the age and individual characteristics of students, to the study of the possibilities of using virtual reality and interactive technologies to improve distance learning, artistic and educational activities, analysis of the impact of such activities on the development of creativity and self-expression of students in the context of the modern digital environment, etc.
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Naiko, Natalia M. « SEMANTIC OVERTONES OF D. SHOSTAKOVICH'S NINTH SYMPHONY ». Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Kul'turologiya i iskusstvovedenie, no 39 (2020) : 170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22220836/39/16.
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The ninth symphony, created by D. Shostakovich in 1945 and a few years later defined as the “scherzo symphony”, was met with bewilderment by critics who expected a grandiose work praising the Victory. The deep layers of its content, the direction of the author’s thought, become accessible to understanding only as a result of the analysis of the composer’s work with thematic material having a “secondary” nature. This is material I (sonata allegro), III (scherzo) and V (final). The main themes of parts I and III are generalized in genre, they are characterized by being ori-entated at classicist style models. The remaining thematism reveals domestic origins: march (theme of the Second subject group of part I), tarantella (theme of the episode of part III), gallop (theme of the First subject group of the final), march song (theme of the Second subject group of the final). The reliance on these genre models determines the melodic-rhythmic, harmonic, textural, and structural characteristics of the corresponding themes. In the purest form, typical signs of genre-stylistic models appear during the exhibition. In the process of development of the themes, a general pattern is the exposure of the proto-intonation layer (E. Nazaikinsky's term), putting in the foreground the biological, the animal in a person – which is connected with the instinct of destruction, uncontrolled aggression, etc. Just as a predatory grimace disfigures a human face, in the aspect of musical decisions, protointonation is manifested through the deformation of the genre and style models comprising all the levels of musical organization, which is most clearly represented in the developments and reprises. These means serve as a metaphor for the destruction of the cultural layer, which determined the way of artistic imprinting of Homo agens, Homo sapiens, Homo ludens, Homo communis. In the Ninth Symphony, Shostakovich models the process of disintegration of human culture and a person, who has lost the spiritual core, the release of the dark component of his nature. This way he reveals the inner content of the themes-images that initially fit into the traditions and norms of musical culture – prima-ry, household, or professional, artistic. Since such techniques contribute to the detection of meaning, they are included in the sphere of superintonation, simultaneously expressing the author's concept. The result of the figurative development of parts II and IV is the repression of the living human principle, rooted in the native culture and at the same time addressed to the sublime, which manifests itself in feeling and thought. These processes express the idea of the doom of Personality under the pressure of vulgarity and dirt, which, refracted in the mind of the Artist, is generalized and grows up to the level of a symbol. The specificity, tangibility of images in the presence of a plan of philosophical understanding al-low us to speak about the presence in the given symphony of features of the parable genre. Author's musical “narration” contains, in a coded form, a system of value directions and modeling of the conditions under which ideals are destroyed.
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Köberlein, Marie, Laila Hermann, Sophia Gantner, Bogac Tur, Gregor Peters, Caroline Westphalen, Tobias Benthaus, Michael Döllinger, Stefan Kniesburges et Matthias Echternach. « Impulse dispersion of aerosols during playing the recorder and evaluation of safety measures ». PLOS ONE 17, no 9 (26 septembre 2022) : e0266991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266991.
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Introduction Group musical activities using wind instruments have been restricted during the CoVID19 pandemic due to suspected higher risk of virus transmission. It was presumed that the aerosols exhaled through the tubes while playing would be ejected over larger distances and spread into the room due to jet stream effects. In particular, the soprano recorder is widely used as an instrument in school classes, for beginners of all age groups in their musical education, in the context of leisure activities and in professional concert performances. Understanding the aerosol impulse dispersion characteristics of playing the soprano recorder could assist with the establishment of concepts for safe music-making. Methods Five adult professionally trained soprano recorder players (4 female, 1 male) played four bars of the main theme of L. van Beethoven’s “Ode to Joy” in low and in high octaves, as well as with 3 different potential protection devices in the high octave. For comparison they spoke the corresponding text by F. Schiller. Before each task, they inhaled .5 L of vapor from an e-cigarette filled with base liquid. The vapor cloud escaping during speaking or playing was recorded by cameras and its spread was measured as a function of time in the three spatial dimensions. The potential safety devices were rated for practicability with a questionnaire, and their influence on the sound was compared, generating a long-term average spectrum from the audio data. Results When playing in the high octave, at the end of the task the clouds showed a median distance of 1.06 m to the front and .57 m diameter laterally (maxima: x: 1.35 m and y: .97 m). It was found that the clouds’ expansion values in playing the recorder with and without safety measures are mostly lower when compared to the ordinary, raised speaking voice of the same subjects. The safety devices which covered the instrument did not show clear advantages and were rated as unpractical by the subjects. The most effective reduction of the cloud was reached when playing into a suction funnel. Conclusion The aerosol dispersion characteristics of soprano recorders seem comparable to clarinets. The tested safety devices which covered holes of the instrument did not show clear benefits.
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Kovalenko, Anatoliі. « DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN GUITAR EDUCATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF DISTANCE LEARNING ». Academic Notes Series Pedagogical Science 1, no 190 (novembre 2020) : 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2415-7988-2020-1-190-100-104.
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The article reveals the positive and negative aspects of the development of domestic guitar education in terms of distance learning. Applying the methods of historical and pedagogical analysis and a systematic approach, the recommendations of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine were analyzed, which considered this area of development of the educational process and scientific works of guitar researchers. It is determined that the standards of higher education in the specialty 025 «Musical Arts» do not specify the quality of computer and software. It has been found that students, teachers, and heads of educational institutions from time to time face the issue of updating computer equipment to implement a quality educational process. It is proved that when using the software «Zoom» or «Skype» for group practical classes, a small error in the work of the Internet can lead to desynchronization in the work of the music group. It is highlighted that professions related to training, individual services, and creativity will remain relevant, as they cannot be replaced by automated systems even with the use of artificial intelligence; «the introduction of distance learning tools in schools is positive, in particular the use of the Microsoft Teams for Education Center, which includes the following options: downloading materials, storing and sharing them; possibility to add electronic textbooks / educational games; placement of announcements, digests for all participants of the educational process», etc.; negative aspects of the development of domestic guitar education in terms of distance learning are the lack of live contact between teacher and student, the inability to visually adjust the performance movements (left and right hand, artistic gestures, etc.); the ability of the mentor to remove the mental and physiological clamp from the performer is lost; slow internet connection speed and low quality of computer components can hinder a quality educational process and others. In terms of distance learning, domestic guitar education has changed the vector of its development. Users of Internet resources became the target audience of performing guitar art, and music education of guitarists received new opportunities for improvement. However, there are still factors that hinder the full implementation of positive changes. We consider the following to be the main ones: the lack of live communication between the teacher and the student, the unstable speed of the Internet connection in some regions of Ukraine and the low quality of computer components among some participants in the educational process.
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Padulo, Johnny, Alin Larion, Olfa Turki, Ionel Melenco, Cristian Popa, Stefano Palermi, Gian Mario Migliaccio, Stefania Mannarini et Alessandro Alberto Rossi. « Ecological and Construct Validity of a New Technical Level Cuban Dance Field Test ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no 24 (16 décembre 2021) : 13287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413287.
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The study aimed to explore the sensitivity and specificity of a new methodological approach related to the musical rhythm for discriminating a competitive Cuban dancer’s (CDCs) level. Thirty CDCs (Age 23.87 ± 1.76 years, body mass 60.33 ± 9.45 kg, stature 1.68 ± 0.07 m) were divided into three groups: beginner (BEG, n = 10), intermediate (INT, n = 10), and advanced (ADV, n = 10) according to their training experience/level. Each dancer was assessed while dancing at three different musical rhythms: fast (118 BPM), medium (96 BPM), and slow (82 BPM). The assessed variables were average heart rate (HRM), peak (HRP), and dancing time (DCT). The ADV group succeeded at all three musical combinations (317, 302, 309 s for 82, 96, 118 BPM). The INT group correctly performed only the first two combinations (304, 304 s for 82, 96 BPM), while a significant time difference was shown at the fast musical rhythm (198 ± 6.64 s) compared to the medium (p < 0.001) and slow rhythms (p < 0.001) respectively. As the speed of the musical rhythms increased, the BEG group was not able to follow the rhythm: their results were 300 ± 1.25 s for the slow musical rhythm, 94.90 ± 12.80 s for the medium musical rhythm and 34.10 ± 5.17 s for the fast musical rhythm (p < 0.001). The HRM and HRP grew along with the increase in musical rhythm for all groups (p < 0.001). The ROC analysis showed a high sensitivity and specificity in discriminating the groups for each rhythm’s condition. The BEG and INT groups showed an AUC = 0.864 (95% CI = 0.864–0.954); INT and ADV showed an AUC = 0.864 (95% CI = 0.864–0.952); BEG and ADV showed an AUC = 0.998 (95% CI = 0.993–1.000). The results of this study provided evidence to support the construct and ecological validity of the time of the musical rhythms related to competitive CDCs. Furthermore, the differences in the performances according to various musical rhythms, fast (118 BPM), medium (96 BPM), and slow (82 BPM), succeeded in discriminating a dancer’s level. Coaches and strength and conditioning professionals should include the Cuban Dance Field Test (CDFT) in their test battery when dealing with talent detection, selection, and development.
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Carmon, Yehudith, Aryeh Wohl et Shmuel Even-Zohar. « The Musical Notes Method for Initial Reading Acquisition ». Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology 7, no 1 (janvier 2008) : 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/194589508787381935.
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A century of experimental approaches to reading instruction has not significantly reduced initial reading acquisition problems. Though researchers continue to identify more and more symptoms of deficiencies, they have, to date, come up with but few solutions. Reading instruction traditionally begins with the particular components of a specific language. In this study, we investigate a method that begins with general, basic reading components common to all written alphabetical languages, including musical notation. We propose to introduce reading by using an original and simple musical vehicle, the Toy Musical Notes (TMN) method. After creating a primary reading scheme through music, verbal reading becomes much easier. Our method was tested on 150 preschool children, who participated in three intervention programs: TMN, conventional music, and a control group, which had a non-musical intervention program. Pre- and posttests were administered with follow-up assessments in reading development conducted in the first grade. The results reflected significant achievements for the TMN group on all reading parameters: number of mistakes, vocal reading time, velocity, and comprehension. Applying this method allowed us to use children’s natural musical interest to help them learn to read and comprehend better.
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Stronsick, Lisa M., Samantha E. Tuft, Sara Incera et Conor T. McLennan. « Masculine harps and feminine horns : Timbre and pitch level influence gender ratings of musical instruments ». Psychology of Music 46, no 6 (10 novembre 2017) : 896–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305735617734629.
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We examined whether timbre (instrument), pitch level, or both influence gender ratings of musical instruments. According to previous research, a variety of musical instruments are categorized or rated as masculine, neutral, or feminine in a relatively consistent way. Gender associations to musical instruments have been rather reliable across time and across participant populations. We investigated the gender ratings of nine musical instruments (three masculine, three neutral, and three feminine) each heard at low, medium, and high pitch levels within the playable range of each instrument. Both timbre and pitch level influenced participants’ gender ratings. The effect of timbre is consistent with results of previous studies, further demonstrating that participants rate instruments fairly consistently. One novel finding is that pitch level also played a role in participants’ gender ratings. The ratings of all instruments heard in low pitch levels were shifted in the masculine direction, and the ratings of all instruments heard in high pitch levels were shifted in the feminine direction. These results provide evidence for the notion that participants are influenced by associations to both timbre and pitch level when rating musical instruments on gender.
Livres sur le sujet "All Time Low (Musical group)"
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Whole lotta Led Zeppelin : The illustrated history of the heaviest band of all time. Minneapolis : MBI Pub. Co., 2008.
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Case, George. Led Zeppelin FAQ : All that's left to know about the greatest hard rock band of all time. Milwaukee : Backbeat Books, 2011.
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C, Hull Kenneth, et Hull Kenneth C, dir. Lily May, a legend in our time ; The nations first all girl string band, Coon Creek Girls ; & Pioneer women in country music. [United States] : K.C. Hull, 1985.
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Duswalt, Craig. Welcome to my jungle : An unauthorized account of how a regular guy like me survived years of touring with Guns n' Roses, pet wallabies, crazed groupies, Axl Rose's moth extermination system, and other perils on the road with one of the great rock bands of all time. Dallas, TX : BenBella Books, 2014.
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All Time Low Presents : Young Renegades. Z2 Comics, 2021.
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All Time Low Presents : Young Renegades. Z2 Comics, 2021.
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Bollen, Andy. Nirvana, a tour diary : My life on the road with one of the greatest bands of all time. 2013.
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Bollen, Andy. Nirvana - a Tour Diary : My Life on the Road with One of the Greatest Bands of All Time. Friedman Publishing Group, Incorporated, Michael, 2013.
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Whole Lotta Led Zeppelin : The Illustrated History of the Heaviest Band of All Time. MBI Publishing Company LLC, 2010.
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Bream, Jon. Whole Lotta Led Zeppelin, 2nd Edition : The Illustrated History of the Heaviest Band of All Time. Quarto Publishing Group USA, 2015.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "All Time Low (Musical group)"
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Malisch, Rainer, Alexander Schächtele, Ralf Lippold, Björn Hardebusch, Kerstin Krätschmer, F. X. Rolaf van Leeuwen, Gerald Moy et al. « Overall Conclusions and Key Messages of the WHO/UNEP-Coordinated Human Milk Studies on Persistent Organic Pollutants ». Dans Persistent Organic Pollutants in Human Milk, 615–75. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34087-1_16.
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AbstractBuilding on the two rounds of exposure studies with human milk coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the mid-1980s and 1990s on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF), five expanded studies on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were performed between 2000 and 2019. After the adoption of the Stockholm Convention on POPs (the Convention) in 2001, WHO and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) collaborated in joint studies starting in 2004. The collaboration aimed at provision of POPs data for human milk as a core matrix under the Global Monitoring Plan (GMP) to assess the effectiveness of the Convention as required under Article 16. Over time, the number of analytes in the studies expanded from the initial 12 POPs targeted by the Convention for elimination or reduction to the 30 POPs covered under the Stockholm Convention and two other POPs proposed for listing as of 2019. Many of these chemicals have numerous congeners, homologous groups, isomeric forms, and transformation products, which significantly extends the number of recommended analytes.In the studies between 2000 and 2019, 82 countries from all five United Nations regions participated, of which 50 countries participated in more than one study. For the human milk samples of the 2016–2019 period, results are available for the full set of 32 POPs of interest for the Convention until 2019: (i) the 26 POPs listed by the start of the study in 2016; (ii) decabromodiphenyl ether [BDE-209] and short-chain chlorinated paraffins [SCCP] as listed in 2017; (3) dicofol and perfluorooctanoic acid [PFOA] as listed in 2019; (4) medium-chain chlorinated paraffins [MCCP] and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid [PFHxS] as proposed for listing. This is a unique characteristic among the core matrices under the GMP.Four key messages can be derived: These studies are an efficient and effective tool with global coverage as key contributor to the GMP. After collection of a large number of individual samples (usually 50) fulfilling protocol criteria, pooled samples are prepared using equal aliquots of individual samples (physical averaging) and are considered to be representative for a country, subregion or subpopulation at the time of the sampling. The analysis of pooled representative human milk samples by dedicated Reference Laboratories meeting rigorous quality criteria contributes to reliability and comparability and reduces uncertainty of the analytical results. Additionally, this concept is very cost-effective. These studies can be used for regional differentiation based on concentrations of individual POPs between and within the five UN Regional Groups (African Group, Asia-Pacific Group, Eastern European Group, Group of Latin American and Caribbean Countries; Western European and Others Group). For some POPs, a wide range of concentrations with up to three orders of magnitude between lower and upper concentrations was found, even for countries in the same UN region. Some countries had levels within the usual range for most POPs, but high concentrations for certain POPs. Findings of concentrations in the upper third of the frequency distribution may motivate targeted follow-up studies rather than if the observed level of a POP is found in the lower third of frequency distribution. However, the concentration of a POP has also to be seen in context of the sampling period and the history and pattern of use of the POPs in each country. Therefore, results are not intended for ranking of individual countries but rather to distinguish broader patterns. These studies can provide an assessment of time trends, as possible sources of variation were minimized by the survey concepts building on two factors (sampling design; analysis of the pooled samples by dedicated Reference Laboratories). The estimation of time trends based on comparison of median or mean concentrations in UN Regional Groups over the five surveys in five equal four-year periods between 2000 and 2019 provides a first orientation. However, the variation of the number of countries participating in a UN Regional Group in a certain period can influence the median or mean concentrations. Thus, it is more prudent to only use results of countries with repeated participation in these studies for drawing conclusions on temporal trends. The reduction rates in countries should be seen in context with the concentration range: A differentiation of high levels and those in the range of the background contamination is meaningful. If high levels are found, sources might be detected which could be eliminated. This can lead to significant decrease rates over the following years. However, if low background levels are reported, no specific sources can be detected. Other factors for exposure, e.g. the contamination of feed and food by air via long-range transport and subsequent bioaccumulation, cannot be influenced locally. However, only very few time points from most individual countries for most POPs of interest are available, which prevents the derivation of statistically significant temporal trends in these cases. Yet, the existing data can indicate decreasing or increasing tendencies in POP concentrations in these countries. Furthermore, pooling of data in regions allows to derive statistically significant time trends in the UN Regional Groups and globally. Global overall time trends using the data from countries with repeated participation were calculated by the Theil–Sen method. Regarding the median levels of the five UN Regional Groups, a decrease per 10 years by 58% was found for DDT, by 84% for beta-HCH, by 57% for HCB, by 32% for PBDE, by 48% for PFOS, by 70% for PCB, and by 48% for PCDD and PCDF (expressed as toxic equivalents). In contrast, the concentrations of chlorinated paraffins (CP) as “emerging POPs” showed increasing tendencies in some UN Regional Groups. On a global level, a statistically significant increase of total CP (total CP content including SCCP [listed in the Convention in 2017] and MCCP [proposed to be listed]) concentrations in human milk of 30% over 10 years was found. The studies can provide the basis for discussion of the relative importance (“ranking”) of the quantitative occurrence of POPs. This, however, requires a differentiation between two subgroups of lipophilic substances ([i] dioxin-like compounds, to be determined in the pg/g [=ng/kg] range, and [ii] non-dioxin-like chlorinated and brominated POPs, to be determined in the ng/g [=μg/kg] range; both groups reported on lipid base) and the more polar perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS); reported on product base [as pg/g fresh weight] or on volume base [ng/L]. For this purpose, results for the complete set of the 32 POPs of interest for the 2016–2019 period were considered. By far, the highest concentrations of lipophilic substances were found for DDT (expressed as “DDT complex”: sum of all detected analytes, calculated as DDT; maximum: 7100 ng/g lipid; median: 125 ng/g lipid) and for chlorinated paraffins (total CP content; maximum: 700 total CP/g lipid; median: 116 ng total CP/g lipid). PCB was next in the ranking and had on average an order of magnitude lower concentrations than the average of the total CP concentrations. The high CP concentrations were caused predominantly by MCCP. If the pooled samples from mothers without any known major contamination source nearby showed a high level of CP, some individual samples (e.g. from local population close to emission sources, as a result of exposure to consumer products or from the domestic environment) might even have significantly higher levels. The lactational intake of SCCP and MCCP of the breastfed infant in the microgram scale resulting from the mothers’ dietary and environmental background exposure should therefore motivate targeted follow-up studies and further measures to reduce exposure (including in the case of MCCP, regulatory efforts, e.g. restriction in products). Further, due to observed levels, targeted research should look at the balance among potential adverse effects against positive health aspects for the breastfed infants for three groups of POPs (dioxin-like compounds; non-dioxin-like chlorinated and brominated POPs; PFAS) regarding potentially needed updates of the WHO guidance. As an overall conclusion, the seven rounds of WHO/UNEP human milk exposure studies are the largest global survey on human tissues with a harmonized protocol spanning over the longest time period and carried out in a uniform format. Thus, these rounds are an effective tool to obtain reliable and comparable data sets on this core matrix and a key contributor to the GMP. A comprehensive set of global data covering all POPs targeted by the Stockholm Convention, in all UN Regional Groups, and timelines covering a span of up to three decades allows to evaluate data from various perspectives. A widened three-dimensional view is necessary to discuss results and can be performed using the three pillars for assessments of the comprehensive data set, namely: analytes of interest; regional aspects; time trends. This can identify possible problems for future targeted studies and interventions at the country, regional, or global level. Long-term trends give an indication of the effectiveness of measures to eliminate or reduce specific POPs. The consideration of countries with repeated participation in these studies provides the best possible database for the evaluation of temporal trends. The continuation of these exposure studies is important for securing sufficient data for reliable time trend assessments in the future. Therefore, it is highly recommended to continue this monitoring effort, particularly for POPs that are of public health concern.
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Schächtele, Alexander, Rainer Malisch, Björn Hardebusch, F. X. Rolaf van Leeuwen, Gerald Moy, Angelika Tritscher, Majorie van Duursen et al. « WHO- and UNEP-Coordinated Exposure Studies 2000–2019 : Findings of Polybrominated Substances (PBDE, HBCDD, PBB 153, PBDD/PBDF) ». Dans Persistent Organic Pollutants in Human Milk, 299–342. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34087-1_9.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractThe concentrations of a number of polybrominated substances were determined in pooled human milk samples collected from up to 80 countries from all the United Nations Regional Groups. The samples were taken from one or more of the five exposure studies on persistent organic pollutants coordinated by the World Health Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme between 2000 and 2019.Large differences in levels were found for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE). The concentration of the sum of 6 PBDE congeners (∑PBDE6: BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, BDE-183) of 135 pooled samples from 80 countries was in the range between 0.3 and 352 ng/g lipid (median 1.6 ng/g lipid). The highest concentrations were detected in the Western European and Others Group (including Australia, Israel, New Zealand, and the USA) in 2003. Time trends were assessed for 36 countries with repeated participation. Rates of decrease tend to fluctuate at near background levels; but at higher levels, a decreasing trend was observed for nearly all countries. Deca-BDE (BDE-209) contributed on average about 13% to ∑PBDE7 (sum of ∑PBDE6 plus BDE-209). The contribution of the octa-brominated diphenyl ether (octa-BDE) BDE-197 and nona-BDEs-206, -207, and -208 to the sum of 25 PBDE was in the range of the six recommended analytes and BDE-209. Therefore, their addition to the list of recommended analytes should be considered.The α-HBCDD levels of 102 pooled samples from 72 countries collected between 2006 and 2019 ranged between <0.1 and 15 ng/g lipid (median: 0.5 ng/g lipid). β-HBCDD and γ-HBCDD were in nearly all samples below the limit of quantification (LOQ for 90% of the samples: <0.1 ng/g lipid) or around the LOQ (max: 0.8 ng/g lipid). Thus, it can be concluded that α-HBCD is the predominant stereoisomer in human milk.Hexabromobiphenyl (PBB 153) was below the limit of quantification (0.5 ng/g lipid) in 106 of 110 pooled samples from 69 countries. In four samples, low concentrations of between 1.0 and 1.7 ng/g lipid were found.In addition to these chemicals listed by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, in 38 pooled samples from 28 countries concentrations of polybrominated dibenzodioxins and -furans (PBDD/PBDF) were determined to assess their contribution to the overall sum of WHO2005 toxic equivalents (TEQ) with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF). PBDD and PBDF provided on average about 10% to the overall TEQ calculated as sum of WHO-PCDD/PCDF-TEQ and WHO-PBDD/PBDF-TEQ, when assuming the same toxic equivalency factors for brominated congeners as assigned to their chlorinated analogs. No correlations between PCDD/PCDF and PBDD/PBDF, or PBDD/PBDF and PBDE were found.
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Williams, Neil. « Light-Element Stable Isotope Studies of the Clastic-Dominated Lead–Zinc Mineral Systems of Northern Australia and the North American Cordillera : Implications for Ore Genesis and Exploration ». Dans Isotopes in Economic Geology, Metallogenesis and Exploration, 329–72. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27897-6_11.
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AbstractClastic-dominated lead–zinc (CD Pb–Zn) deposits are an important source of the world’s Pb and Zn supply. Their genesis is contentious due to uncertainties regarding the time of ore formation relative to the deposition of the fine-grained carbonaceous strata that host CD Pb–Zn mineralization. Sulfur-isotopic studies are playing an important role in determining if ore minerals precipitated when hydrothermal fluids exhaled into the water column from which the host strata were being deposited, or when hydrothermal fluids entered the host strata during diagenesis or even later after lithification. Older conventional S-isotopic studies, based on analyses of bulk mineral-separate samples obtained by either physical or chemical separation methods, provided data that has been widely used to support a syngenetic-exhalative origin for CD Pb–Zn mineralization. However, with the advent in the late 1980’s of in situ S-isotopic studies using micro-analytical methods, it soon became apparent that detailed S-isotopic variations of genetic importance are blurred in conventional analytical data sets because of averaging during sample preparation. Clastic-dominated Pb–Zn mineralization in the North Australian Proterozoic metallogenic province and the North American Paleozoic Cordilleran province has been the subject of many stable isotope studies based on both bulk and in situ analytical methods. Together with detailed mineral texture observations, the studies have revealed a similar sulfide mineral paragenesis in both provinces. The earliest sulfide phase in the paragenesis is fine-grained pyrite that sometimes has a framboidal texture. This pyrite typically has a wide range of δ34S values that are more than 15‰ lower than the value of coeval seawater sulfate. These features are typical of, and very strong evidence for, pyrite formation by bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) either syngenetically in an anoxic water column or during early diagenesis in anoxic muds. The formation of this early pyrite is followed by one or more later generations of pyrite that often occur as overgrowths around the early pyrite generation. The later pyrite generations have δ34S values that are much higher than the early pyrite, often approaching the value of coeval seawater sulfate. Later pyrite formation has been variously attributed to BSR in a more restricted diagenetic environment, to sulfate driven-anaerobic oxidation of methane (SD-AOM) and to abiotic thermal sulfate reduction (TSR), with all three mechanisms again involving coeval seawater sulfate. The main sulfide ore minerals, galena and sphalerite, either overlap with or postdate later pyrite generations and are most often attributed to TSR of seawater sulfate. However, in comparison with pyrite, there is a dearth of in situ δ34S data for galena and sphalerite that needs to be rectified to better understand ore forming processes. Importantly, the available data do not support a simple sedimentary-exhalative model for the formation of all but part of one of the Northern American and Australian deposits. The exception is the giant Red Dog deposit group in Alaska where various lines of evidence, including stable isotopic data, indicate that ore formation was protracted, ranging from early syn-sedimentary to early diagenetic sulfide formation through to late sulfide deposition in veins and breccias. The Red Dog deposits are the only example with early sphalerite with extremely low negative δ34S values typical of a BSR-driven precipitation mechanism. By contrast, later stages of pyrite, sphalerite and galena have higher positive δ34S values indicative of a TSR-driven precipitation mechanism. In CD Pb–Zn deposits in carbonate-bearing strata, carbon and oxygen isotope studies of the carbonates provide evidence that the dominant carbonate species in the ore-forming hydrothermal fluids was H2CO3, and that the fluids were initially warm (≥ 150 °C) and neutral to acid. The δ18O values of the hydrothermal fluids are ≥ 6‰, suggesting these fluids were basinal fluids that evolved through exchange with the basinal sedimentary rocks. Known CD Pb–Zn deposits all occur at or near current land surfaces and their discovery involved traditional prospecting, geophysical and geochemical exploration techniques. Light stable isotopes are unlikely to play a significant role in the future search for new CD Pb–Zn deposits deep beneath current land surfaces, but are likely to prove useful in identifying ore-forming hydrothermal fluid pathways in buried CD Pb–Zn systems and be a vector to new mineralization.
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« To the Great House ». Dans The Dark Tree, 179–214. Duke University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478027416-007.
Texte intégralRésumé :
By the mid-1970s a reinvigorated organization emerged, fueled by a wave of new recruits that, while less bohemian in lifestyle and somewhat older than the previous group, came with a higher degree of musical training and experience, as well as a strong commitment to the Arkestra ethos and aesthetic. They formed more collective spaces, “Great Houses,” which became community art centers, and actively supported new community-oriented venues that emerged during this time in Venice as well as in South Central Los Angeles. All of this contributed to a continuing and strong community presence, renewed focus on creating music, a broader orchestral palette, and a more socially cohesive organization.
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Cook, Richard. « AlI The Rockets Taking Off 1963–6 ». Dans It’s About That Time, 145–74. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195322668.003.0008.
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Abstract At least Davis had a new saxophonist, a young white alto player named Frank Strozier, who had been part of the Memphis scene in the early 1950s before departing for first Chicago and then New York. It’s unclear who recommended whom, but somehow Strozier became part of a Davis group with fellow Memphis players Harold Mabern (piano) and George Coleman (tenor sax). On bass, another new name came in: Ron Carter, originally from Detroit, then playing in New York with Art Farmer’s quartet with Jim Hall. Carter had already worked with Cannonball Adderley and others, and he had a formidable background as far as music education was concerned: his first aspiration was to play classical cello, but he discovered early on that being a black cellist didn’t open a lot of doors in the classical music establishment. He already had many years of study behind him before he began working on the New York scene. Davis heard a distinctive player: Carter could solo or accompany with the same unflinching strength, and his harmonic knowledge was profound enough for him to be able to devise ways to elaborate on whatever music was being played without losing his way or letting his timekeeping role suffer. The band was all but complete, but Davis needed a drummer, and for the West Coast engagements he had coming up he hired one of the stalwarts of the Los Angeles scene, Frank Butler; the group was all set for a residency at the Blackhawk.
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Everett, Walter. « Musical Time : Rhythm, Meter, and Tempo ». Dans The Foundations of Rock, 302–32. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195310238.003.0012.
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Abstract “It’s got a good beat—you can dance to it!” This was for a long time seemingly the first, foremost, and perhaps only consideration useful in judging the value of a pop song, if the frequency with which the phrase was uttered in late-1950s and early-1960s amateur record reviewing (a regular feature in television shows such as American Bandstand [U.S.] and Juke Box Jury [U.K.]) is any indication. “Beat” here most likely refers to a repeated rhythmic pattern in a particular meter at a certain tempo; the terminology may be universally abused by rock fans, but the most direct appeal of so many favorite songs is correctly understood by them as being related to their rhythmic properties. It is the goal of this chapter to clarify just what makes that “beat,” and many other rhythmic events and relationships, so infectious, driving, and danceable. We’ll see how various rhythmic patterns, heard against an unchanging grid of beats grouped into regular meters that proceed at a tempo that’s fast, slow, or in between, can mark time at the surface level of a song. At deeper levels, we’ll judge how many bars make a phrase, and how phrases of various lengths group together to make sections of various lengths, all producing rhythms against longer time spans. Each in their own way, these and other considerations (At what rates do chords change? What proportions relate one section of a song to the Whole? what position does a song take within the album that contains it?) concern the articulation of time in music. But we’ll also come to appreciate that this is all that rhythm can accomplish, and that the world of pitch is crucial for bringing individuality to every song. Who, for instance, has ever noticed that the melodies sung in Cat Stevens’s “Morning Has Broken” and John Denver’s “Annie’s Song” are practically identical in surface rhythm, meter, and tempo? The differences in pitch construction between the two songs are great enough to keep the rhythmic similarities from rising to most listeners’ awareness. Add to this the fact that scale degrees—whether expressed in melodic or harmonic domains—carry differing accentual weights, as do changes in dynamic stress, instrumentation, and other textural markers, and as do changes in perceptions of formal function, and rhythm can be a far more nuanced domain than one that simply permits dancing to a repetitive beat.
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Driggs, Frank, et Chuck Haddix. « Get Low-Down Blues ». Dans Kansas City Jazz, 40–61. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195047677.003.0004.
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Abstract Jazz Arrived At The Corner of 18th and Vine one hot, dusty afternoon in July 1917. While playing a ballyhoo on 18th Street, a unit from Drake and Walker’s Big Musical Production engaged the band from the Billy King tent show in an exchange of jazz licks.1 Covering the musical street brawl for the Kansas City Sun, Charles Starks observed: There was the sound of rivalry as well as revelry last Monday night when Drake and Walker’s six-piece band of jazz experts were playing down in the old 1500 block on 18th street. Drake has some soft toned cunning and sensational artists who run a close second in harmony and easily out jazz all jazzers in stirring and catchy syncopations. They had just finished a dissecting treatment of the “Blues “ intermingling such popular stuff as “Yaaka Hula, Hicky Dula “ and “My Mother’s Rosary “ played first in pianissimo and then in its loud opposite, such as seemingly only black musicians can do, when who should come thundering up the avenue but a delegation from Billy Kling’s [King’s]! The Jazz aggregation, however, discovered the attack in due time and entrenched themselves in readiness so that when the enemy were in their midst they vociferously let go a volley of shot that fairly rained on the invaders. There was a terrible interchange of vehement artillery fire for about two minutes between the opposing forces. Trombone and cornet vying while the big bass drums spoke above the din of battle in thrilling sounds.
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Kildea, Paul. « An Opera is Planned (1947) ». Dans Britten on Music, 67–74. Oxford University PressOxford, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198167143.003.0025.
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Abstract McKECHNIE: Was it you, Eric Crozier, who thought of the theme first? CROZIER: Yes I think it was originally, wasn’t it, Ben? BRITTEN: How it happened was that we were looking for a subject for a light opera comedy to go with Lucretia which was serious and pretty gloomy. We originally picked another subject which we worked on for a short time. MCKECHNIE: Was that the Jane Austen subject? BRITTEN: Yes, Mansfield Park. CROZIER: That didn’t work out too well.BRITTEN: We’d thought of it and actually worked on it a bit but we’d an awful lot of office work on the formation of the new company, the English Opera Group, and the work itself had to be done rather quickly and Manifield Park was obviously going to be a long, subtle, and complicated job. We liked this de Maupassant theme first of all because it fitted our singers. There was a good part for Joan Cross and Peter Pears, probably for Nancy Evans and Jimmy Sharp as well.1CROZIER: Oddly enough, it was the English possibilities of the French story which attracted us. BRITTEN: In a way that was the first snag.
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Block, Geoffrey. « Chee-Chee, The Castration Musical ». Dans The Richard Rodgers Reader, 39–46. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195139549.003.0005.
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Abstract small it couldn’t have made any difference. Perhaps he was too ill for anything to have saved him. His poor body had taken such a beating in his short life-he was forty-eight-and his resistance was very low. He remained unconscious all the time he was in the hospital, and on the fourth night, just as the lights went out for a wartime practice blackout, he died. (Later when M-G-M made a movie called Words and Music about Dick and Larry, they fictionalized another ending for the story because they said no one would believe what really happened. It was too dramatic for Hollywood.) in some respects the forgotten Chee-Chee marks a crossroads in the career of Rodgers and Hart. In Rodgers’s four letters to Dorothy from September 1 to 17, 1928, the first letter written in New York and the others during the Philadelphia tryouts, he spoke proudly about this innovative work: “No matter what happens to us commercially we’ve accomplished what we’ve been after for years:’ Throughout these letters Rodgers conveys a mixture of enthusiasm and trepidation about how the work would be received. On September 7 he wrote that “there are doubts as to its financial future and its reception by the New York press... but I know we’ve done something fine at last:’ On September 12 he wrote that “the show is the best musical thing I’ve ever seen:’ In the final letter he emphasized the varied press response and the views of the letter-writing public. Although no future Rodgers and Hart show came close to matching the popular debacle of Chee-Chee, the next three years were marked by less artistic daring (e.g., Spring Is Here, 1929), a sharp drop in quantity (a total of four shows), and only one unqualified popular success, the London production.
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Tzanetakis, George. « Natural Human-Computer Interaction with Musical Instruments ». Dans Advances in Multimedia and Interactive Technologies, 116–36. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0264-7.ch006.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The playing of a musical instrument is one of the most skilled and complex interactions between a human and an artifact. Professional musicians spend a significant part of their lives initially learning their instruments and then perfecting their skills. The production, distribution and consumption of music has been profoundly transformed by digital technology. Today music is recorded and mixed using computers, distributed through online stores and streaming services, and heard on smartphones and portable music players. Computers have also been used to synthesize new sounds, generate music, and even create sound acoustically in the field of music robotics. Despite all these advances the way musicians interact with computers has remained relatively unchanged in the last 20-30 years. Most interaction with computers in the context of music making still occurs either using the standard mouse/keyboard/screen interaction that everyone is familiar with, or using special digital musical instruments and controllers such as keyboards, synthesizers and drum machines. The string, woodwind, and brass families of instruments do not have widely available digital counterparts and in the few cases that they do the digital version is nowhere as expressive as the acoustic one. It is possible to retrofit and augment existing acoustic instruments with digital sensors in order to create what are termed hyper-instruments. These hyper-instruments allow musicians to interact naturally with their instrument as they are accustomed to, while at the same time transmitting information about what they are playing to computing systems. This approach requires significant alterations to the acoustic instrument which is something many musicians are hesitant to do. In addition, hyper-instruments are typically one of a kind research prototypes making their wider adoption practically impossible. In the past few years researchers have started exploring the use of non-invasive and minimally invasive sensing technologies that address these two limitations by allowing acoustic instruments to be used without any modifications directly as digital controllers. This enables natural human-computer interaction with all the rich and delicate control of acoustic instruments, while retaining the wide array of possibilities that digital technology can provide. In this chapter, an overview of these efforts will be provided followed by some more detailed case studies from research that has been conducted by the author's group. This natural interaction blurs the boundaries between the virtual and physical world which is something that will increasingly happen in other aspects of human-computer interaction in addition to music. It also opens up new possibilities for computer-assisted music tutoring, cyber-physical ensembles, and assistive music technologies.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "All Time Low (Musical group)"
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Schiavoni, Flávio Luiz, André Gomes, Avner De Paulo, Carlos De Souza, Fábio Carvalho, Frederico Resende, Gabriel Lopes Rocha et al. « Alice : Arts Lab in Interfaces, Computers, and Everything Else - Research report (2019) ». Dans Simpósio Brasileiro de Computação Musical. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbcm.2019.10439.
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Located in the Computer Science Department of the Federal University of São João del-Rei, but not limited to just this space, ALICE has emerged as a research group focused on the development of software, art and technologies for the area of computer music and digital arts. Over the time, ALICE became the laboratory to develop technologies to an artistic group, called Orchidea, focused on the creation of digital art, encompassing students from diverse areas, such as Computer Science, Scenic Arts, Architecture and Music in a transdisciplinary context of art creation. In this way, this work aims to present the various initiatives and proposals carried out by the ALICE, addressing the development of technological products, through the tools implemented and the external tools used for teaching and for artistic creation. In addition, this work describes the current researches that are under development by the members of the groups, also highlighting the development of the digital performance titled “O Chaos das 5” and all the aspects and learning that we have obtained so far with this performance.
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Shadmehri, Hossein Yaghoobzadeh, Ehsan Rahiminejad, Mehdi Saberi et Alexandre Schmid. « A Low-Power and High-Precision Time- Domain Winner-Take-All Circuit Based on the Group Search Algorithm ». Dans 2024 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscas58744.2024.10558552.
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Vyshpinska, Yaryna. « Formation of Creative Personality of Students Majoring in «Preschool Education» in the Process of Studying the Methods of Musical Education ». Dans ATEE 2020 - Winter Conference. Teacher Education for Promoting Well-Being in School. LUMEN Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/atee2020/38.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The body of the article goes on to discuss the creative models of a student’s personality’s development in the process of mastering the course «Theory and methods of musical education of the preschool children». In general, the teacher's profession accumulates a big number of opportunities for the creative improvement of a would-be teacher's personality. All types of activities used while working with children in the process of mastering the artistic competencies (like fine arts, modeling, designing, appliqué work or musical activities) require not only technical skills, but also sufficient creative imagination, lively idea, the ability to combine different tasks and achieve the goals. Achieving this task is possible if students are involved into the process of mastering the active types of musical activities – singing, musical-rhythmic and instrumental activity, development of aesthetic perception of musical works. While watching the group of students trying to master the musical activity, it is easy to notice that they are good at repeating simple vocal and music-rhythmic exercises. This is due to the young man's ability to imitate. Musical and instrumental activities require much more efforts and attention. It is focused on the types and methods of sound production by the children's musical instruments, the organization of melodic line on the rhythm, the coherence of actions in the collective music: ensemble or the highest form of performance – orchestra. Other effective forms of work include: the phrase-based study of rhythmic and melodic party, the ability to hear and keep the pause, to agree the playing with the musical accompaniment of the conductor, to feel your partner, to follow the instructions of the partiture. All the above-mentioned elements require systematic training and well selected music repertoire. Students find interesting the creative exercises in the course of music-performing activities which develop musical abilities, imagination and interpretive skills of aesthetic perception of music, the complex of improvisational creativity in vocal, musical-rhythmic and instrumental activity. The experiments in verbal coloring of a musical work are interesting too. Due to the fact that children perceive music figuratively, it is necessary for the teacher to learn to speak about music in a creative and vivid way. After all, music as well as poetry or painting, is a considerable emotional expression of feelings, moods, ideas and character. To crown it all, important aspects of the would-be teacher’s creative personality’s development include the opportunities for practical and classroom work at the university, where they can develop the musical abilities of students as well as the professional competence of the would-be specialist in music activity. The period of pedagogical practice is the best time for a student, as it is rich in possibilities and opportunities to form his or her creative personality. In this period in the process of the direct interaction with the preschool-aged children students form their consciousness; improve their methodical abilities and creative individuality in the types of artistic activity.
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Fazio, E., A. Biraghi, C. Sibilia, G. D’Aguanno, M. Bertolotti et C. Cojocaru. « All Optical Multiplexing-Demultiplexing of Low-Intensity Pulses ». Dans The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cthb5.
Texte intégralRésumé :
It is well known that it is possible to obtain all-optical switching by using the nonlinear response of materials to laser light, but it is also well known that to excite nonlinear contributions high local-electric fields are necessary. This means that high-intensity laser beams must be used for having switching of photonic devices between different states. On the same time it has been largely demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally that in optical fibers only low intensity beams can propagate for communication purposes, even in the case of solitonic beams, where the average powers should not be larger than few tens of mW. Thus until now no real applications of the proposed photonic devices have been done in real fiber communication networks. In the present paper we present from both the theoretical and the experimental points of view an all-optical multiplexer-demultiplexer for low-intensity pulses. In particular the devices has been projected to work for high-repetition rate mode-locked pulses, 100 and 35 ps long, with average powers of the order of few tens of mW. The device is working at the wavelength of 1.064 μm because of testing possibility, but there are no obstacles to let it work at 1.3 or 1.5 μm. The device is based on a thin Fabry-Perot cavity filled by a second-order nonlinear material. In particular it has been chosen a BBO with type I cut for second harmonic generation of 1.064 μm pulses. The basis of operation are the generation-amplification of the second harmonic. In particular the Fabry-Perot cavity is set out-of-resonance for the fundamental frequency: because of its low intensity the fundamental is not able to produce a relevant second-harmonic field and for this reason does not modify its out-of-resonance regime. However if a high-intensity second-harmonic field is sent together, the fundamental beam can be amplified, experiencing a phase-modulation which depends on the group-velocity mismatching between the frequencies and their intensity ratio. This cross-phase-modulation can be high enough to let the fundamental frequency switch from the out-of-resonance to the resonance regimes. In fig.s 1 and 2 the out-of-resonance / resonance conditions are shown respectively.
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Li, Xiaosheng, Jessica Lin et Liang Zhao. « Linear Time Complexity Time Series Clustering with Symbolic Pattern Forest ». Dans Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/406.
Texte intégralRésumé :
With increasing powering of data storage and advances in data generation and collection technologies, large volumes of time series data become available and the content is changing rapidly. This requires the data mining methods to have low time complexity to handle the huge and fast-changing data. This paper presents a novel time series clustering algorithm that has linear time complexity. The proposed algorithm partitions the data by checking some randomly selected symbolic patterns in the time series. Theoretical analysis is provided to show that group structures in the data can be revealed from this process. We evaluate the proposed algorithm extensively on all 85 datasets from the well-known UCR time series archive, and compare with the state-of-the-art approaches with statistical analysis. The results show that the proposed method is faster, and achieves better accuracy compared with other rival methods.
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Lopes, Marcelo Garcez, et Helena Lucia Sobral Alves da Cunha. « Educational Program “To Practice Safety Is to Value Life” ». Dans 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64327.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Accidents which resulted in lost work time: using a different concept to deal with safety, focusing directly on the behavior of the worker, leading the worker to a sharper perception of the risks and thus enabling a change of behavior towards a safer attitude. “Sounds and Links” Project: the programmatic content was made through musical dynamics because music has the power to evoke feelings, stimulating the participants to live intrapersonal and interpersonal relationships in order to promote safe behaviors. The methodology used was: • “Andragogic (adult education) Model”; • multidiscipline language; • Methodology of “experiencing and living”; and • Focus on the day-by-day situations of work and life. The project was applied to four groups with 60 people, consisting of employees from TRANSPETRO and its contractors, other group with 60 people, composed by leaders, and one group with all participants of the five groups for the general closing session. Expected Results and consequences of the Project: • to turn the concept of safety as a real value to the worker; • to preserve the integrity and to value the life; pursuit a lasting and stable changing of behavior, based on a safety culture; and • to support the management safety system and reduction of the accidents.
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Potron, G., J. Barre, C. Droulle, J. C. Baudrillard, P. Barbie et A. Kher. « THROMBOSIS PROPHYLAXIS WITH LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN (KABI 2165) AND CALCIUM HEPARIN IN PATIENTS WITH TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENT ». Dans XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643220.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In a prospective controlled randomized trial efficacy and safety of a low molecular weight heparin (Kabi 2165) and calcium heparin were compared in 80 patients with total hip replacement. 40 patients were given Kabi 2165 : 2,500 anti-Xa Units S.C. 2 hours before operation and then every 12 hours for 10 days. 40 patients received calcium heparin : 5,000 iu S.C. 2 hours before operation, then every 8 hours during the first post operative day and then heparin doses were adjusted according to the activated partial thromboplastin time and the thrombin time for 10 days. Bilateral venography was performed routinely on all patients between the ninth and tenth post operative day. The two groups were well matched for risk factors which could predispose to risk of developing venous thrombosis. 7 patients in Kabi 2165 group (17,5 96) and 4 patients in calcium heparin group (10 %) developed D.V.T. (p = 0.33). In 3 patients (7,5 96) of Kabi 2165 group and in 2 patients (5 96) of calcium heparin group, the thrombi extented to the popliteal-femoral vein. The incidence is not significantly different (p = 0,50). There were no significant differences in postoperative mean estimated blood losses, and mean blood units transfused. Mean hemoglobin levels and mean hematocrit values at the day before operation, the 1st, 5th, and 10th day after operation were :These differences were not statistically significant. Incidence of wound hematomas was similar in both groups No thrombocytopenia was reported in this study. In conclusion, Kabi 2165 2,500 anti Xa Units twice daily seems as efficient as adjusted-dose of calcium heparin thrice daily.
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Wakefield, Donald J. « Status of “Low Power and Shutdown PRA Methodology Standard ANSI/ANS-58.22” ». Dans 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29752.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The American Nuclear Society is developing a standard titled “Low Power and Shutdown PRA Methodology, ANSI/ANS-58.22.” It has been under development for more than 10 years now. During this time, drafts of the standard have been balloted by the ANS American Nuclear Society (ANS) Risk-Informed Safety Committee (RISC) on three different occasions; i.e., in 2005, 2006, and 2008. The most recent of these ballots occurred in November 2008; i.e., Reference 1. Each ballot failed to achieve a consensus for approval and numerous comments were received for improvement. Since the completion of the ballot on Version 8C in 2008, the Low Power and Shutdown (LPSD) writing group has been working on a volunteer basis to respond to the approximately 600 comments received and to revise the Standard for future ballot. A revised standard was completed in early November 2009. This latest draft was submitted in November 2009 to the ANS RISC pending a formal ballot for informal review. The intention of this informal review is to ascertain if members of the balloting RISC committee could support the revised standard and if not, to identify those issues for further work by the writing group. For approval of ANS standards, a consensus for approval must be received among all stakeholder groups, rather than a simple majority to approve.
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Graunebaum, L., J.-P. Fricker, M.-L. Wiesel, Y. Vergnes, J.-P. Cazenave, P. Barbier et A. Kher. « EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF A LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN (L M W H KABI 2165) IN PROPHYLAXIS OF POSTOPERATIVE DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS (D.V.T.) AFTER ONCOLOGICAL SURGERY ». Dans XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643219.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The effect of a LMWH - Kabi 2165 on thrombo-embolism prophylaxis was studied in a prospective, randomized trial of 74 patients scheduled for surgery due to malignant diseases. 38 patients received 2 500 anti-Xa units S.C. 2 hours before operation, then 12 hours after and then 5 000 anti-Xa units once a day for 10 days. 36 patients were given calcium heparin 5 000 i.u S.C. 2 hours before operation and then three time a day for 10 days. 125I-Fibrinogen uptake test was used in all patients to detect D.V.T. Positive scan was controlled by phlebography. In the Kabi 2165 group, 2 patients had positive scan not confirmed by phlebography No pulmonary embolism was reported. In the calcium heparin group, 2 patients developed non fatal pulmonary embolism. The fibrinogen test was negative in all the patients. Intra and postoperative blood loss, transfusion requirements, wound hematomas and infectious complications did not differ significantly between the two groups. The mean values of hematocrit and hemoglobin preoperatively and post operatively (day 1, and 10) were similar for the two groups :It is concluded that a single daily injection of 5 000 anti-Xa units of Kabi 2165 may provide a prophylaxis against postoperative venous thromboembolism as effective and as safe as 3 daily injections of 5 000 i.u. of calcium heparin in oncological surgery.
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Alshardi, Sultan, Ericson Asemebo, Shabeer Acheerakath, Ahmed Ismail, Eslam Elabsy et Anoud Alshkeili. « Digitizing Drilling Process Using Low-Code Cloud Powered Solution ». Dans ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211128-ms.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract This paper will demonstrate how digitizing drilling operations and addressing operational inefficiencies through a cloud-powered solution, can increase efficiency and profitability. Control the drilling operation was previously considered a complex task and utilized conventional methods. However, with high operational demand, digitizing the end-to-end process and integrating all stakeholders into one platform, ultimately allowed the workflow to be standardized. The entire workflow was automated using the Agile methodology and the low-code platform, PowerApps. The solution has streamlined operations and resolved the difficulty in obtaining accurate and instantaneous information by using a single platform and establishing an efficient event driven workflow. The solution integrated eight applications that cover: contract review, scope of work, well planning and design, base and location preparation, job execution, along with post job activities, and performance validation. The event-driven workflow eliminated transactional errors and enhanced the flow of information and data between different disciplines within the drilling group. This was achieved by digitizing the complex processes across several stakeholder bodies and integrating the workflow into one comprehensive platform. The digital solutions, such as this one, can be applied to the oil and gas industry are representative of the advancements that can be made when leveraging cost-effective solutions. Initially, by aligning expertise from different disciplines (business context, IT collaboration, strong system integrators and a state-of-the-art technology platform) the necessary elements were present to achieve success. Secondly, the 6-month turnaround time to design and implement the solution was achieved by customizing the low-code PowerApps platform and integrating it with the master and sub-application principles, enabling application developers to reduce complexities and produce powerful results.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "All Time Low (Musical group)"
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Wilson, A. M., et M. C. Kelman. Assessing the relative threats from Canadian volcanoes. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328950.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This report presents an analysis of the threat posed by active volcanoes in Canada and outlines directives to bring Canadian volcano monitoring and research into alignment with global best practices. We analyse 28 Canadian volcanoes in terms of their relative threat to people, aviation and infrastructure. The methodology we apply to assess volcanic threat was developed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) as part of the 2005 National Volcano Early Warning System (NVEWS). Each volcano is scored on a number of hazard and exposure factors, producing an overall threat score. The overall threat scores are then assigned to five threat categories ranging from Very Low to Very High. We adjusted the methodology slightly to better suit Canadian volcano conditions by adding an additional knowledge uncertainty score; this does not affect the threat scoring or ranking. Our threat assessment places two volcanoes into the Very High threat category (Mt. Meager and Mt. Garibaldi). Three Canadian volcanoes score in the High threat category (Mt. Cayley, Mt. Price and Mt. Edziza) and two volcanoes score in the Moderate threat category (the Nass River group and Mt. Silverthrone). We compare the ranked Canadian volcanoes to similarly scored volcanoes in the USA and assess the current levels of volcano monitoring against internationally recognised monitoring strategies. We find that even the most thoroughly-studied volcano in Canada (Mt. Meager) falls significantly short of the recommended monitoring level (Mt. Meager is currently monitored at a level commensurate with a Very Low threat edifice, according to NVEWS recommendations). All other Canadian volcanoes are unmonitored (other than falling within a regional seismic network emplaced to monitor tectonic earthquakes). Based on the relative threat and scientific uncertainty surrounding some Canadian volcanoes, we outline five strategies to improve volcano monitoring in Canada and lower the uncertainty about eruption style and frequency: installation of real-time seismic stations at all Very High and High threat volcanoes, comprehensive lithofacies studies at Mt. Garibaldi in order to reduce uncertainty surrounding the frequency and style of volcanism, hazard mapping at Mt. Garibaldi and Mt. Cayley and publication of existing hazard analyses and mapping for Mt. Meager as a comprehensive hazard map, regular satellite-based ground deformation monitoring at all Very High to Moderate threat edifices, and, finally, installation of a landslide detection and alerting system at Mt. Meager.
2
Wilson, A. M., et M. C. Kelman. Assessing the relative threats from Canadian volcanoes. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328950.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This report presents an analysis of the threat posed by active volcanoes in Canada and outlines directives to bring Canadian volcano monitoring and research into alignment with global best practices. We analyse 28 Canadian volcanoes in terms of their relative threat to people, aviation and infrastructure. The methodology we apply to assess volcanic threat was developed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) as part of the 2005 National Volcano Early Warning System (NVEWS). Each volcano is scored on a number of hazard and exposure factors, producing an overall threat score. The overall threat scores are then assigned to five threat categories ranging from Very Low to Very High. We adjusted the methodology slightly to better suit Canadian volcano conditions by adding an additional knowledge uncertainty score; this does not affect the threat scoring or ranking. Our threat assessment places two volcanoes into the Very High threat category (Mt. Meager and Mt. Garibaldi). Three Canadian volcanoes score in the High threat category (Mt. Cayley, Mt. Price and Mt. Edziza) and two volcanoes score in the Moderate threat category (the Nass River group and Mt. Silverthrone). We compare the ranked Canadian volcanoes to similarly scored volcanoes in the USA and assess the current levels of volcano monitoring against internationally recognised monitoring strategies. We find that even the most thoroughly-studied volcano in Canada (Mt. Meager) falls significantly short of the recommended monitoring level (Mt. Meager is currently monitored at a level commensurate with a Very Low threat edifice, according to NVEWS recommendations). All other Canadian volcanoes are unmonitored (other than falling within a regional seismic network emplaced to monitor tectonic earthquakes). Based on the relative threat and scientific uncertainty surrounding some Canadian volcanoes, we outline five strategies to improve volcano monitoring in Canada and lower the uncertainty about eruption style and frequency: installation of real-time seismic stations at all Very High and High threat volcanoes, comprehensive lithofacies studies at Mt. Garibaldi in order to reduce uncertainty surrounding the frequency and style of volcanism, hazard mapping at Mt. Garibaldi and Mt. Cayley and publication of existing hazard analyses and mapping for Mt. Meager as a comprehensive hazard map, regular satellite-based ground deformation monitoring at all Very High to Moderate threat edifices, and, finally, installation of a landslide detection and alerting system at Mt. Meager.
3
Cherian, Jerald, Jodi Segal, Ritu Sharma, Allen Zhang, Eric Bass et Michael Rosen. Patient Safety Practices Focused on Sepsis Prediction and Recognition. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), avril 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepc_mhs4sepsis.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Objectives. Patient safety practices (PSPs) focused on sepsis prediction and recognition, encompass interventions designed to identify patients with sepsis early and improve timely adherence to guidelines. Our objectives were to review the evidence published after the previous Making Healthcare Safer (MHS) report to determine the effectiveness of sepsis prediction and recognition PSPs on patient safety related outcomes. Methods. We searched PubMed and the Cochrane library for systematic reviews and primary studies published from January 2018 through August 2023, supplemented by gray literature searches. We included reviews and primary studies of sepsis prediction and recognition PSPs reporting measures of clinical process (time to diagnosis or treatment, adherence to guidelines, Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Early Management Bundle), patient outcomes (hospital or intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, mortality), implementation (use, barriers, and facilitators), or costs. Findings. We focused on 7 systematic reviews and 8 primary studies that were eligible for full review, and briefly summarized 36 pre-post studies that lacked a separate comparison group. All the sepsis prediction and recognition PSPs were multi-component interventions. Across the systematic reviews and primary studies of neonates, the PSPs improved clinical process measures (low strength of evidence), but evidence was insufficient about length of stay or mortality outcomes. Across the systematic reviews and primary studies of adults, the PSPs did not demonstrate an effect on clinical process, length of stay, or mortality outcomes. In primary studies of adults, evidence was insufficient in the prehospital setting for mortality, length of stay, and clinical process measures. In the emergency department setting, strength of evidence was low for mortality and clinical process measures and insufficient for length of stay. In ward or hospitalwide settings, strength of evidence was low across all three outcome types. The secondary outcome of alerting system performance (e.g., positive predictive value) could not be meaningfully compared across studies due to diversity in populations and interventions. Conclusions. This review finds that recent primary studies and systematic reviews do not support that specific PSPs for sepsis prediction and recognition are effective at reducing mortality or length of stay or improve clinical processes in adults in pre-hospital, emergency department, or hospitalwide settings as compared to usual care. Sepsis prediction and recognition PSPs may improve clinical process outcomes in neonates in ICUs.
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McDonagh, Marian, Andrea C. Skelly, Amy Hermesch, Ellen Tilden, Erika D. Brodt, Tracy Dana, Shaun Ramirez et al. Cervical Ripening in the Outpatient Setting. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), mars 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer238.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Objectives. To assess the comparative effectiveness and potential harms of cervical ripening in the outpatient setting (vs. inpatient, vs. other outpatient intervention) and of fetal surveillance when a prostaglandin is used for cervical ripening. Data sources. Electronic databases (Ovid® MEDLINE®, Embase®, CINAHL®, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) to July 2020; reference lists; and a Federal Register notice. Review methods. Using predefined criteria and dual review, we selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies of cervical ripening comparing prostaglandins and mechanical methods in outpatient versus inpatient settings; one outpatient method versus another (including placebo or expectant management); and different methods/protocols for fetal surveillance in cervical ripening using prostaglandins. When data from similar study designs, populations, and outcomes were available, random effects using profile likelihood meta-analyses were conducted. Inconsistency (using I2) and small sample size bias (publication bias, if ≥10 studies) were assessed. Strength of evidence (SOE) was assessed. All review methods followed Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center methods guidance. Results. We included 30 RCTs and 10 cohort studies (73% fair quality) involving 9,618 women. The evidence is most applicable to women aged 25 to 30 years with singleton, vertex presentation and low-risk pregnancies. No studies on fetal surveillance were found. The frequency of cesarean delivery (2 RCTs, 4 cohort studies) or suspected neonatal sepsis (2 RCTs) was not significantly different using outpatient versus inpatient dinoprostone for cervical ripening (SOE: low). In comparisons of outpatient versus inpatient single-balloon catheters (3 RCTs, 2 cohort studies), differences between groups on cesarean delivery, birth trauma (e.g., cephalohematoma), and uterine infection were small and not statistically significant (SOE: low), and while shoulder dystocia occurred less frequently in the outpatient group (1 RCT; 3% vs. 11%), the difference was not statistically significant (SOE: low). In comparing outpatient catheters and inpatient dinoprostone (1 double-balloon and 1 single-balloon RCT), the difference between groups for both cesarean delivery and postpartum hemorrhage was small and not statistically significant (SOE: low). Evidence on other outcomes in these comparisons and for misoprostol, double-balloon catheters, and hygroscopic dilators was insufficient to draw conclusions. In head to head comparisons in the outpatient setting, the frequency of cesarean delivery was not significantly different between 2.5 mg and 5 mg dinoprostone gel, or latex and silicone single-balloon catheters (1 RCT each, SOE: low). Differences between prostaglandins and placebo for cervical ripening were small and not significantly different for cesarean delivery (12 RCTs), shoulder dystocia (3 RCTs), or uterine infection (7 RCTs) (SOE: low). These findings did not change according to the specific prostaglandin, route of administration, study quality, or gestational age. Small, nonsignificant differences in the frequency of cesarean delivery (6 RCTs) and uterine infection (3 RCTs) were also found between dinoprostone and either membrane sweeping or expectant management (SOE: low). These findings did not change according to the specific prostaglandin or study quality. Evidence on other comparisons (e.g., single-balloon catheter vs. dinoprostone) or other outcomes was insufficient. For all comparisons, there was insufficient evidence on other important outcomes such as perinatal mortality and time from admission to vaginal birth. Limitations of the evidence include the quantity, quality, and sample sizes of trials for specific interventions, particularly rare harm outcomes. Conclusions. In women with low-risk pregnancies, the risk of cesarean delivery and fetal, neonatal, or maternal harms using either dinoprostone or single-balloon catheters was not significantly different for cervical ripening in the outpatient versus inpatient setting, and similar when compared with placebo, expectant management, or membrane sweeping in the outpatient setting. This evidence is low strength, and future studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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McKinnon, Mark, Sean DeCrane et Steve Kerber. Four Firefighters Injured in Lithium-Ion Battery Energy Storage System Explosion -- Arizona. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, juillet 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/tehs4612.
Texte intégralRésumé :
On April 19, 2019, one male career Fire Captain, one male career Fire Engineer, and two male career Firefighters received serious injuries as a result of cascading thermal runaway within a 2.16 MWh lithium-ion battery energy storage system (ESS) that led to a deflagration event. The smoke detector in the ESS signaled an alarm condition at approximately 16:55 hours and discharged a total flooding clean agent suppressant (Novec 1230). The injured firefighters were members of a hazardous materials (HAZMAT) team that arrived on the scene at approximately 18:28 hours. The HAZMAT team noted low-lying white clouds of a gas/vapor mixture issuing from the structure and nearby components and drifting through the desert. The team defined a hot zone and made several entries into the hot zone to conduct 360-degree size-ups around the ESS using multi-gas meters, colorimetric tubes, and thermal imaging cameras (TICs). The team detected dangerously elevated levels of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and carbon monoxide (CO) during each entry. The team continued to monitor the ESS and noted the white gas/vapor mixture stopped flowing out of the container at approximately 19:50 hours. The HAZMAT leadership developed an incident action plan with input from a group of senior fire officers and information about the ESS provided by representatives from the companies that owned, designed, and maintained the ESS. The HAZMAT team made a final entry into the hot zone and found that HCN and CO concentrations in the vicinity of the ESS were below an acceptable threshold. In following with the incident action plan, the team opened the door to the ESS at approximately 20:01 hours. A deflagration event was observed by the firefighters outside the hot zone at approximately 20:04 hours. All HAZMAT team members received serious injuries in the deflagration and were quickly transported to nearby hospitals. Note: The lithium-ion battery ESS involved in this incident was commissioned prior to release of a first draft of the current consensus standard on ESS installations, NFPA 855 [1]; the design of the ESS complied with the pertinent codes and standards active at the time of its commissioning.
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Ficht, Thomas, Gary Splitter, Menachem Banai et Menachem Davidson. Characterization of B. Melinensis REV 1 Attenuated Mutants. United States Department of Agriculture, décembre 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7580667.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Brucella Mutagenesis (TAMU) The working hypothesis for this study was that survival of Brucella vaccines was directly related to their persistence in the host. This premise is based on previously published work detailing the survival of the currently employed vaccine strains S19 and Rev 1. The approach employed signature-tagged mutagenesis to construct mutants interrupted in individual genes, and the mouse model to identify mutants with attenuated virulence/survival. Intracellular survival in macrophages is the key to both reproductive disease in ruminants and reticuloendothelial disease observed in most other species. Therefore, the mouse model permitted selection of mutants of reduced intracellular survival that would limit their ability to cause reproductive disease in ruminants. Several classes of mutants were expected. Colonization/invasion requires gene products that enhance host-agent interaction or increase resistance to antibacterial activity in macrophages. The establishment of chronic infection requires gene products necessary for intracellular bacterial growth. Maintenance of chronic infection requires gene products that sustain a low-level metabolism during periods characterized little or no growth (1, 2). Of these mutants, the latter group was of greatest interest with regard to our originally stated premise. However, the results obtained do not necessarily support a simplistic model of vaccine efficacy, i.e., long-survival of vaccine strains provides better immunity. Our conclusion can only be that optimal vaccines will only be developed with a thorough understanding of host agent interaction, and will be preferable to the use of fortuitous isolates of unknown genetic background. Each mutant could be distinguished from among a group of mutants by PCR amplification of the signature tag (5). This approach permitted infection of mice with pools of different mutants (including the parental wild-type as a control) and identified 40 mutants with apparently defective survival characteristics that were tentatively assigned to three distinct classes or groups. Group I (n=13) contained organisms that exhibited reduced survival at two weeks post-infection. Organisms in this group were recovered at normal levels by eight weeks and were not studied further, since they may persist in the host. Group II (n=11) contained organisms that were reduced by 2 weeks post infection and remained at reduced levels at eight weeks post-infection. Group III (n=16) contained mutants that were normal at two weeks, but recovered at reduced levels at eight weeks. A subset of these mutants (n= 15) was confirmed to be attenuated in mixed infections (1:1) with the parental wild-type. One of these mutants was eliminated from consideration due to a reduced growth rate in vitro that may account for its apparent growth defect in the mouse model. Although the original plan involved construction of the mutant bank in B. melitensis Rev 1 the low transformability of this strain, prevented accumulation of the necessary number of mutants. In addition, the probability that Rev 1 already carries one genetic defect increases the likelihood that a second defect will severely compromise the survival of this organism. Once key genes have been identified, it is relatively easy to prepare the appropriate genetic constructs (knockouts) lacking these genes in B. melitensis Rev 1 or any other genetic background. The construction of "designer" vaccines is expected to improve immune protection resulting from minor sequence variation corresponding to geographically distinct isolates or to design vaccines for use in specific hosts. A.2 Mouse Model of Brucella Infection (UWISC) Interferon regulatory factor-1-deficient (IRF-1-/- mice have diverse immunodeficient phenotypes that are necessary for conferring proper immune protection to intracellular bacterial infection, such as a 90% reduction of CD8+ T cells, functionally impaired NK cells, as well as a deficiency in iNOS and IL-12p40 induction. Interestingly, IRF-1-/- mice infected with diverse Brucella abortus strains reacted differently in a death and survival manner depending on the dose of injection and the level of virulence. Notably, 50% of IRF-1-/- mice intraperitoneally infected with a sublethal dose in C57BL/6 mice, i.e., 5 x 105 CFU of virulent S2308 or the attenuated vaccine S19, died at 10 and 20 days post-infection, respectively. Interestingly, the same dose of RB51, an attenuated new vaccine strain, did not induce the death of IRF-1-/- mice for the 4 weeks of infection. IRF-1-/- mice infected with four more other genetically manipulated S2308 mutants at 5 x 105 CFU also reacted in a death or survival manner depending on the level of virulence. Splenic CFU from C57BL/6 mice infected with 5 x 105 CFU of S2308, S19, or RB51, as well as four different S2308 mutants supports the finding that reduced virulence correlates with survival Of IRF-1-/- mice. Therefore, these results suggest that IRF-1 regulation of multi-gene transcription plays a crucial role in controlling B. abortus infection, and IRF-1 mice could be used as an animal model to determine the degree of B. abortus virulence by examining death or survival. A3 Diagnostic Tests for Detection of B. melitensis Rev 1 (Kimron) In this project we developed an effective PCR tool that can distinguish between Rev1 field isolates and B. melitensis virulent field strains. This has allowed, for the first time, to monitor epidemiological outbreaks of Rev1 infection in vaccinated flocks and to clearly demonstrate horizontal transfer of the strain from vaccinated ewes to unvaccinated ones. Moreover, two human isolates were characterized as Rev1 isolates implying the risk of use of improperly controlled lots of the vaccine in the national campaign. Since atypical B. melitensis biotype 1 strains have been characterized in Israel, the PCR technique has unequivocally demonstrated that strain Rev1 has not diverted into a virulent mutant. In addition, we could demonstrate that very likely a new prototype biotype 1 strain has evolved in the Middle East compared to the classical strain 16M. All the Israeli field strains have been shown to differ from strain 16M in the PstI digestion profile of the omp2a gene sequence suggesting that the local strains were possibly developed as a separate branch of B. melitensis. Should this be confirmed these data suggest that the Rev1 vaccine may not be an optimal vaccine strain for the Israeli flocks as it shares the same omp2 PstI digestion profile as strain 16M.
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Ghanim, Murad, Joe Cicero, Judith K. Brown et Henryk Czosnek. Dissection of Whitefly-geminivirus Interactions at the Transcriptomic, Proteomic and Cellular Levels. United States Department of Agriculture, février 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592654.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Our project focuses on gene expression and proteomics of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) species complex in relation to the internal anatomy and localization of expressed genes and virions in the whitefly vector, which poses a major constraint to vegetable and fiber production in Israel and the USA. While many biological parameters are known for begomovirus transmission, nothing is known about vector proteins involved in the specific interactions between begomoviruses and their whitefly vectors. Identifying such proteins is expected to lead to the design of novel control methods that interfere with whitefly-mediated begomovirus transmission. The project objectives were to: 1) Perform gene expression analyses using microarrays to study the response of whiteflies (B, Q and A biotypes) to the acquisition of begomoviruses (Tomato yellow leaf curl (TYLCV) and Squash leaf curl (SLCV). 2) Construct a whitefly proteome from whole whiteflies and dissected organs after begomovirus acquisition. 3) Validate gene expression by q-RTPCR and sub-cellular localization of candidate ESTs identified in microarray and proteomic analyses. 4) Verify functionality of candidate ESTs using an RNAi approach, and to link these datasets to overall functional whitefly anatomical studies. During the first and second years biological experiments with TYLCV and SLCV acquisition and transmission were completed to verify the suitable parameters for sample collection for microarray experiments. The parameters were generally found to be similar to previously published results by our groups and others. Samples from whole whiteflies and midguts of the B, A and Q biotypes that acquired TYLCV and SLCV were collected in both the US and Israel and hybridized to B. tabaci microarray. The data we analyzed, candidate genes that respond to both viruses in the three tested biotypes were identified and their expression that included quantitative real-time PCR and co-localization was verified for HSP70 by the Israeli group. In addition, experiments were undertaken to employ in situ hybridization to localize several candidate genes (in progress) using an oligonucleotide probe to the primary endosymbiont as a positive control. A proteome and corresponding transcriptome to enable more effective protein identification of adult whiteflies was constructed by the US group. Further validation of the transmission route of begomoviruses, mainly SLCV and the involvement of the digestive and salivary systems was investigated (Cicero and Brown). Due to time and budget constraints the RNAi-mediated silencing objective to verify gene function was not accomplished as anticipated. HSP70, a strong candidate protein that showed over-expression after TYLCV and SLCV acquisition and retention by B. tabaci, and co-localization with TYLCV in the midgut, was further studies. Besides this protein, our joint research resulted in the identification of many intriguing candidate genes and proteins that will be followed up by additional experiments during our future research. To identify these proteins it was necessary to increase the number and breadth of whitefly ESTs substantially and so whitefly cDNAs from various libraries made during the project were sequenced (Sanger, 454). As a result, the proteome annotation (ID) was far more successful than in the initial attempt to identify proteins using Uniprot or translated insect ESTs from public databases. The extent of homology shared by insects in different orders was surprisingly low, underscoring the imperative need for genome and transcriptome sequencing of homopteran insects. Having increased the number of EST from the original usable 5500 generated several years ago to >600,000 (this project+NCBI data mining), we have identified about one fifth of the whitefly proteome using these new resources. Also we have created a database that links all identified whitefly proteins to the PAVEdb-ESTs in the database, resulting in a useful dataset to which additional ESTS will be added. We are optimistic about the prospect of linking the proteome ID results to the transcriptome database to enable our own and other labs the opportunity to functionally annotate not only genes and proteins involved in our area of interest (whitefly mediated transmission) but for the plethora of other functionalities that will emerge from mining and functionally annotating other key genes and gene families in whitefly metabolism, development, among others. This joint grant has resulted in the identification of numerous candidate proteins involved in begomovirus transmission by B. tabaci. A next major step will be to capitalize on validated genes/proteins to develop approaches to interfere with the virus transmission.
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Stewart, Jonathan, Grace Parker, Joseph Harmon, Gail Atkinson, David Boore, Robert Darragh, Walter Silva et Youssef Hashash. Expert Panel Recommendations for Ergodic Site Amplification in Central and Eastern North America. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, mars 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/tzsy8988.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) national seismic hazard maps have historically been produced for a reference site condition of VS30 = 760 m/sec (where VS30 is time averaged shear wave velocity in the upper 30 m of the site). The resulting ground motions are modified for five site classes (A-E) using site amplification factors for peak acceleration and ranges of short- and long-oscillator periods. As a result of Project 17 recommendations, this practice is being revised: (1) maps will be produced for a range of site conditions (as represented by VS30 ) instead of a single reference condition; and (2) the use of site factors for period ranges is being replaced with period-specific factors over the period range of interest (approximately 0.1 to 10 sec). Since the development of the current framework for site amplification factors in 1992, the technical basis for the site factors used in conjunction with the USGS hazard maps has remained essentially unchanged, with only one modification (in 2014). The approach has been to constrain site amplification for low-to-moderate levels of ground shaking using inference from observed ground motions (approximately linear site response), and to use ground response simulations (recently combined with observations) to constrain nonlinear site response. Both the linear and nonlinear site response has been based on data and geologic conditions in the western U.S. (an active tectonic region). This project and a large amount of previous and contemporaneous related research (e.g., NGA-East Geotechnical Working Group for site response) has sought to provide an improved basis for the evaluation of ergodic site amplification in central and eastern North America (CENA). The term ‘ergodic’ in this context refers to regionally-appropriate, but not site-specific, site amplification models (i.e., models are appropriate for CENA generally, but would be expected to have bias for any particular site). The specific scope of this project was to review and synthesize relevant research results so as to provide recommendations to the USGS for the modeling of ergodic site amplification in CENA for application in the next version of USGS maps. The panel assembled for this project recommends a model provided as three terms that are additive in natural logarithmic units. Two describe linear site amplification. One of these describes VS30-scaling relative to a 760 m/sec reference, is largely empirical, and has several distinct attributes relative to models for active tectonic regions. The second linear term adjusts iv site amplification from the 760 m/sec reference to the CENA reference condition (used with NGA-East ground motion models) of VS =3000 m/sec; this second term is simulation-based. The panel is also recommending a nonlinear model, which is described in a companion report [Hashash et al. 2017a]. All median model components are accompanied by models for epistemic uncertainty. The models provided in this report are recommended for application by the USGS and other entities. The models are considered applicable for VS30 = 200–2000 m/sec site conditions and oscillator periods of 0.08–5 sec. Finally, it should be understood that as ergodic models, they lack attributes that may be important for specific sites, such as resonances at site periods. Site-specific analyses are recommended to capture such effects for significant projects and for any site condition with VS30 < 200 m/sec. We recommend that future site response models for hazard applications consider a two-parameter formulation that includes a measure of site period in addition to site stiffness.
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Inter-American Development Bank Group Climate Change Action Plan 2021-2025. Inter-American Development Bank, mars 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003153.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Climate Change Action Plan describes the IDB Groups progress since 2016 to support the regions need for low-carbon and climate-resilient development finance and its plan to raise climate ambition continuously in the region. The Second Update to the Institutional Strategy specifies that cross cutting issues, including climate change, continue to hamper development and that the IDB Group will renew its commitment to address them. The climate-finance goal set in the Bahamas Resolution has been extended through its inclusion in the IDB Group Corporate Results Framework 2020- 2023 (CRF 20202023).5 At the same time, all MDBs have committed to complement tracking of their financial contributions to climate action with a new approach focused on the consistency of their support with long-term decarbonization and climate resilience efforts. To this end, MDBs have outlined a common approach to support countries to deliver on their commitments under the PA. There has also been increasing recognition of the need to measure the results of the IDB Groups climate action and the complexity it entails.
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Root Causes of Low Vaccination Coverage and Under-Immunisation in Sub-Saharan Africa Report. Academy of Science of South Africa, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0068.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Sub–Saharan Africa (SSA) alone accounts for 40% of all global deaths, a phenomenon attributed to lack of access to available lifesaving vaccines (Wiysonge, Uthman, Ndumbe, & Hussey, 2012). WHO estimates that in 2019 the African region accounted for approximately 43% of unimmunised and incomplete immunised infants in the world (i.e.: 8.5 million of the global 19.4 million). Relatedly, the region scores the lowest immunisation coverage, at 76% versus the global coverage of 86% (WHO, 2020a). This is despite several documented efforts by different stakeholders to improve coverage in the region (Mihigo, Okeibunor, Anya, Mkanda, & Zawaira, 2017). Many studies have been conducted on coverage and drivers for and bottlenecks against immunisation in SSA. (Wiysonge, Uthman, Ndumbe, & Hussey, 2012), (Wiysonge, Young, Kredo, McCaul, & Volmik, 2015), (Mihigo, Okeibunor, Anya, Mkanda, & Zawaira, 2017), (Madhi & Rees, 2018),(Bangura, et al., 2020), all of which have observed that there is varied performance among the constituent countries, and also within countries over time, denoting some implicitly common underlying correlates threading through areas of higher performance; and the same is seen with the poorer performing areas. This consensus study therefore seeks to categorise and make explicit these “root causes” and based on documented successes, to make recommendations to address the bottlenecks and harness the opportunities for reaching every child with all the recommended vaccines. The theory of change presentation style used in this report, categorising the root causes under four broad interlinked themes, can provide a common basis to rally like-minded partners around a thematic cause and thus develop multi-component, comprehensive strategies to bring about impactful change. This is in line with the call made by the World Health Organisation Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunisation, which recommended that countries, regions and global immunisation partners commit to a comprehensive review of progress, impact, and implementation of the WHO Global Vaccine Action Plan to inform a post-2020 strategy taking into account lessons learned. This strategy will assist with attaining the relevant United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.