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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Alien labor – 19th century »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Alien labor – 19th century"

Gaidarov, Gaidar M., Tatyana I. Alekseevskaya, Tatyana V. Demidova et Oleg Yu Sofronov. « Ways of spread, detection, clinical course of syphilis and leprosy among the population of the north-eastern districts of Eastern Siberia in the 19th century ». Medical academic journal 2, n^o 2 (6 novembre 2022) : 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/maj108403.

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BACKGROUND: In the 19th century, the process of annexation of lands in the north-east of the Russian Empire was completed. The influx of newcomers, political exile, criminal hard labor created the prerequisites for an aggravation of the epidemiological situation in the newly annexed territories. The morbidity of the population began to acquire an epidemic character. Syphilis, which spread in the 19th century, leprosy struck foreign communities in the northern and eastern regions of the Pacific Ocean, the Sea of Okhotsk, the Kamchatka Peninsula and the alien population from other territories. AIM: Systematize, as well as identify certain trends in the prevalence and forms of manifestation of syphilis and leprosy among the population of the north-eastern districts of Eastern Siberia of the 19th century. according to the reporting materials of doctors and authorities of that time. Let us explain: in this article, the authors quote from the documents, preserving (if possible) the style and punctuation of the originals, and also use geographical names and names of territories adopted in the Russian Empire in the 19th century. MATERIALS AND METHODS: On the basis of archival materials, the article discusses the ways of importation and spread of syphilis among representatives of individual foreign communities, the clinical course and forms of manifestation. The multiplicity of ways of penetration of syphilis to the outskirts of Eastern Siberia is noted. The reports of seconded staff physicians, doctors, paramedics during the examination of the population and the treatment of patients in hospitals provide the first statistical information on the incidence of men, women, their nationality, and the outcome of treatment. The reports of seconded staff physicians, doctors, paramedics during the examination of the population and the treatment of patients in hospitals provide the first statistical information on the incidence of men, women, their nationality, and the outcome of treatment. RESULTS: The article highlights the issues of studying the role of factors contributing to a high level of the spread of syphilis and leprosy among inorodtsy (indigenous dwellers), describes the symptoms of manifestation, and especially chronic syphilis, and notes the role of unsanitary living conditions and household arrangements in the spread of diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Observation of the clinical manifestations of syphilis allowed doctors to isolate leprosy as an independent form of the disease, and to investigate its causes. These observations were the basis for the development of measures aimed at stopping the spread of the disease among the population. The beginning of the emergence of medical and police supervision aimed at identifying patients, registering them and treating them is noted.

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Zinoviev, V. P. « Interethnic Division of Labor in the Irkutsk Province According to the Census of 1897 ». Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series History 40 (2022) : 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2222-9124.2022.40.40.

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The interethnic division of labor in the Irkutsk province at the end of the 19th century is considered. The author believes that the Russian model of the conquest of Siberia, in contrast to the American frontier, aimed at the destruction of barbarians, assumed the “pacification” of foreigners and their inclusion through tributary relations in the Moscow Kingdom, and later in the Russian Empire. Since Russian warriors went to Siberia not for lands, but for taxable heads, this implied their unconditional preservation. This is one of the main reasons for the relatively peaceful and bloodless annexation of Siberia. The author considers interethnic division of labor to be another factor in the relatively conflict- free cohabitation of Russians and other European newcomers with the local population. Russians were mainly farmers, nomads of the south of Siberia were cattle breeders, the indigenous population of the taiga and Arctic zones were hunters and fishermen, reindeer herders. Siberian historians pay less attention to this aspect than to other subjects of the history of interaction between the alien and the indigenous population of Siberia. The process of inclusion of the indigenous inhabitants of Siberia into the imperial space is studied in the most detailed way in the works of L. M. and I. L. Dameshek, L. I. Sherstovа. E. V. Karikh has studied the interethnic division of labor of Russians and indigenous peoples of Siberia in its western part. The author, based on the census data of 1897, proves that hunting and fishing were the main occupation of the indigenous inhabitants of the north of the Tungus Of Irkutsk province, while cattle breeding was still the main occupation of the Yakuts. The peculiarity of the economy of the Buryat population of the southern Irkutsk province, unlike the Turks of southern Siberia, was that nomadic cattle breeding had already ceased to be the main thing in their lives, and agriculture became the main occupation, as well as the alien population – Russians and other immigrants from European Russia. Their nomadic past was evidenced by the fact that cattle breeding remained an essential addition to agriculture as the main and secondary occupation.

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Lezginсev, Y. M. « Some Aspects of Economic Diplomacy of Latin American countries in the XIX century ». Diplomaticheskaja sluzhba (Diplomatic Service), n^o 3 (7 juin 2022) : 218–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-01-2203-06.

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This brief survey of 19th century Latin America countries economy offered for reader’s attention represents the second article within a series of papers thought by the author in order to follow historical genesis of economical complex of regional states. The indicated period is to be of special interest due to the fact that within it happened development of its specialization accompanied by fundamental processes in commodity production based on destructing of communal Indian land ownership, abolition of slavery and stimulating of European immigration. The experience obtained during application of liberal conceptions in Latin America’s states at the beginning of capitalist economy clearly showed senselessness to borrow alien ideology without taking into consideration local specifics, because this fact frequently contradicted the needs of authentic development in the receiving countries. As a rule these conceptions represented requirements of foreign agents as well as interests of small part of local society aimed at intensification in exploitation of labour and natural resources. Moreover, its implementation led to strengthening of financial and political dependence, imposing rapid economic transformation and converting young creole republics into pseudo-state political formations («banana republics» in Central America, Puerto Rico, Cuba). Submitting more advanced South American areas (La Plata, Brazil, Peru) neocolonial methods have been tested: ruinous foreign loans, direct and indirect control of local industries and change of its structure in the interests of overseas investors. Here could be mentioned artificial boom of raw material export, control and destruction of local processing works. The said economic paradigm conditioned convulsive forms of social life: appearance of caudillos, dictatorships and authoritarian regimes as well as interregional conflicts (Pacific «Salitre» War between Chile, Peru and Bolivia, intervention of Triple Alliance in Paraguay, separation of Panama for constructing of interocean channel etc.). In particular, dynamics and correlation of these events in context of struggle for real national emancipation laid foundations for contemporary state of economic situation in each country including its alliances and determined its peripheral position in international division of labour. This phenomenon should be considered for building effective cooperation with the most of regional partners.

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Barnhurst, Kevin G., et Andrew W. Nightingale. « Time, realism, news ». Journalism 19, n^o 1 (22 janvier 2017) : 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884916689150.

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News time has since the late 19th century moved away from storytelling to embrace modern progress. But time in news is elusive. The digital era splinters time, leaving news practice and research behind. A project to track US news into the 21st century documents a history of time in news: the realism of ‘who’, ‘where’, and ‘what’ declined, and the modernism contexts of ‘when’ and ‘why’ expanded. All five Ws moved contrary to expectation. Modernism tries to map time, but its definition is undecidable – even among logicians. Practitioners of news grapple with their topic: the realist now, and try to fit it into the modernist ‘standard time’, a time regime that imposes a big-picture interpretation onto their readers. The modern view equates clock time, a purely social invention, to quantifiable nature. Clock time offers an artificial view of the passage of time, but scientists dictated another big picture. ‘For us’, wrote Einstein, ‘who are convinced physicists, the distinction between past, present, and future has no other meaning than that of an illusion, though a tenacious one’. Time, although quantifiable, does not pass; its passing is an illusion and the objective view of the world is an immutable one. Coming to grips with the elusiveness of time, as it slips away from reporters and the grasp of scientists, creates opportunities for practitioners of news to align with contemporary mediated experiences. Facing the problem of time is done through Alfred North Whitehead, in whom the present moments is not a point of infinitessimal length on a single modernist time-line but an indivisible event that ‘grows literally by buds or drops’ of experience (William James in Whitehead), a landing ground which he calls the ‘actual occasion.’ Past, present, and future are not illusions, but symptoms of the subjective experience of process, which is not only real; it is part of the fundamental actual occasion. Weaving in Arendt’s distinction between ephemeral labor and permanent work illustrates how process philosophy can be grounded in both the labor and work of journalists, allowing news practitioners to adapt to digital times.

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Karpova, O. A. « «ONE’S OWN» AND «ALIEN» SPACE IN P. LETNEV’S NOVEL «ALIEN CRIME» ». Culture and Text, n^o 48 (2022) : 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37386/2305-4077-2022-1-134-142.

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The article is devoted to the works of the forgotten writers of the 19th century Praskovya Alexandrovna (1829-1892) and Anna Alexandrovna (1833-1914) Lachinovs, published under the pseudonym P. Letnev. The question of the peculiarities of the spatial characteristics of the characters, which is considered on the example of the novel “Alien Crime” (1875) is of considerable interest. The article shows that spatial characteristics play a decisive role in depicting two different behaviors of not only female but also male characters.

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Millionshchikova, Tatiana. « BORDER AS A SYMBOLIC MODEL IN THE WORKS OF THE 19TH-CENTURY RUSSIAN LITERATURE : RECEPTION IN USA LITERARY STUDIES ». RZ-Literaturovedenie, n^o 2 (2021) : 148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/lit/2021.02.12.

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The review concentrates on the Slavic literary studies of the USA that analyze the symbolic spatial models in the works by Russian writers of the 19th century. The main focus is on the symbolic model of the border . The aim of the review is to demonstrate how this national symbolic model embodied in the Russian writer’s texts of the 19th century is interpreted in the alien cultural environment of contemporary American Slavic studies.

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Dias, Felipe. « Racial Articulation and Labor in the 19th Century Brazil ». Comparative Sociology 13, n^o 4 (1 octobre 2014) : 445–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341315.

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This article seeks to explain how economic and local political structures shaped the ways in which public officials articulated ideas of race and labor in the nineteenth century Brazil. Employing a comparative historical method, this work advances the literature in two ways. First, it suggests that what we have come to view as a positive valuation of blackness has roots in the economic development prior to the centralized nation-building processes. Second, the findings of this study point to the effects of intra-national factors, such as economic structures and patterns of labor incorporation, in shaping how regional public officials articulated notions of “race,” labor, and progress.

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Cuno, Kenneth M. « African Slaves in 19th-Century Rural Egypt ». International Journal of Middle East Studies 41, n^o 2 (mai 2009) : 186–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743809090588.

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By all accounts, the population of enslaved Africans in Egypt increased in the 19th century compared to earlier times. An estimated 5,000 African slaves were imported annually during the 1840s and 1850s, and as few as 1,000 in 1860. However, during the cotton boom (1861–64), some 25,000 to 30,000 slaves were brought to Egypt each year to satisfy the demand for labor generated by the rapid expansion of cotton cultivation.

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Rai, Janak. « Malaria, Tarai Adivasi and the Landlord State in the 19th century Nepal : A Historical-Ethnographic Analysis ». Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 7 (17 mai 2014) : 87–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v7i0.10438.

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This paper examines the interplay between malaria, the Tarai Adivasi and the extractive landlord state in the 19th century Nepal by focusing on Dhimal, one indigenous community from the easternmost lowlands. Throughout the 19th century, the Nepali state and its rulers treated the Tarai as a state geography of extraction for land, labor, revenue and political control. The malarial environment of the Tarai, which led to the shortage people (labor force), posed a major challenge to the 19th century extractive landlord state and the landowning elites to materialize the colonizing project in the Tarai. The shortage of labor added pressure on the malaria resistant Tarai Adivasi to reclaim and cultivate land for the state. The paper highlights the need for ethnographically informed social history of malaria in studying the changing relations between the state and the ?div?si communities in the Tarai DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v7i0.10438 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 7, 2013; 87-112

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Joustra, Robert. « Rerum Novarumand the Right to Work : 19th-Century Lessons for 21st-Century Labor ». Review of Faith & ; International Affairs 15, n^o 4 (2 octobre 2017) : 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2017.1392165.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Alien labor – 19th century"

Couton, Philippe. « The institutional participation of French and immigrant workers in 19th-century France / ». Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36901.

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Recent theories of the social consequences of institutions point to aspects of class and ethnic relations that are not fully captured by conventional institutional perspectives. Using some of these recent theoretical contributions, this thesis analyzes the influence of institutional conditions on the mobilization of French and immigrant workers in late 19th-century northern France. Two main institutional structures are discussed: France's unique network of labour courts, and the socialist cooperatives created by Flemish workers in the 1880s. The empirical, chiefly archival evidence suggests two main conclusions: labour movements emerged and evolved strongly influenced by the judicial framing of labour relations, which they in turn sought to use and modify to their advantage; the institutional innovation of Flemish immigrant workers had a durable influence on the organization of labour politics in northern France, and contributed to their integration as active social and political participants.

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Souza, Carolina Lima de. « As primeiras experiencias com o trabalho livre imigrante em Campinas no seculo XIX ». [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/282069.

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Orientador: Jefferson Cano
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T15:26:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_CarolinaLimade_M.pdf: 594865 bytes, checksum: 6b2d71a7ec0cdda6ad2c582211ae0b0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar as conflituosas relações de trabalho entre proprietários campinenses e colonos estrangeiros nas primeiras experiências com o emprego de mão-de-obra livre imigrante na Província de São Paulo no século XIX. Para tal, buscamos entender os anseios e posturas destes trabalhadores e de seus patrões através de um conjunto de fontes que consideramos imprescindíveis para nos aproximarmos um pouco mais do universo dessas colônias. Assim, a partir da análise das ações judiciais entre colonos e proprietários, tentamos compreender como essa nova forma de relação de trabalho se construiu através da mediação da Justiça
Abstract: The present work aimed to analyze the conflicting labour relationships between farmers from Campinas and foreigner workers in the early experiences of immigrant free labour in the XIX century São Paulo. In order to do so we intented to understand the longings and postures of these workers and their employers. We used several documents that we considered essencial for the research, such as the lawsuits involving farmers and immigrants. From the analysis of these documents we tried to understand how this new form of relationship was built through the justice system
Mestrado
Historia Social
Mestre em História

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Owens, Emily Alyssa. « Fantasies of Consent : Black Women's Sexual Labor in 19th Century New Orleans ». Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23845425.

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Fantasies of Consent: Black Women’s Sexual Labor 19th Century New Orleans draws on Louisiana legal statutes and Louisiana State Supreme Court records, alongside French and Spanish Caribbean colonial law, slave narratives, and pro-slavery writing, to craft legal, affective, and economic history of sex and slavery in antebellum New Orleans. This is the first full-length project on the history of non-reproductive sexual labor in slavery: I historicize the lives of women of color who sold, or were sold for, sex to white men. I analyze those labors, together, to understand major elements of sexual labor in the history of slavery. I theorize the meaning of sexual labor and imagine the kinds of world(s) these arrangements brought into existence, and the ways that sex and its attendant affects articulated pleasure and violence within those worlds. This project offers the framework racialized sexual commerce to name the capacious intersection of sexual commerce and racial commerce, in order to imagine a singular, integrated sexual economy. This project also frames sexual labor outside of dominant scholarly approaches that seek out evidence of rape and consent. Building on these two foundational frameworks, this project argues that the antebellum sex market trafficked in affective objects, that is, affective experiences attached to labor (sex) and made into the primary commodities of this market. Fantasies of Consent asks what kinds of pleasures the bodies of women of color were called upon to produce for white men within the sex economy, what kinds of pleasures they themselves were able to inherit, and how both sets of pleasures emerged from and were therefore imbricated within the violence of the market. I argue that in the sex market, there was no pure consent—no pleasure, no freedom—that was not already shaped by the market through which it was articulated. Affective objects remade the violence of a sex trade that lived and breathed because of slavery as pleasure, revealing the impossibility of disentangling pleasure from violence within antebellum sexual commerce.
African and African American Studies

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Janowski, Zachary. « The decline of the caste system : 19th century transformations in Indian agricultural labor ». Thesis, Boston University, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27681.

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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02

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Gotkin, Joshua Abraham. « The legislated adjustment of labor disputes : An empirical analysis, 1880-1894 ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187207.

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The Federal government's involvement in railroad labor disputes was one of the earliest examples of government intervention in the economy. Initially, when the economy was crippled by railroad strikes in the late nineteenth century, the government stepped in and crushed them with troops and injunctions. The Federal government's other approach was legislative, beginning with the passage of the Arbitration Act of 1888. As the first piece of Federal arbitration legislation, it had a significant impact on the development of subsequent labor legislation, such as the Railway Labor Act of 1926 and the National Labor Relations Act in 1935. Several methods are used to assess the impact and importance of the Arbitration Act. First, the political economy of the Arbitration Act is examined. Railroad owners opposed this legislation, fearing it would hinder their ability to hire, fire, and deal with striking workers. Organized labor favored arbitration, viewing such government intervention as providing a mandate that would compel, even force, employers to recognize unions. The ability of these constituent groups to influence their elected representatives is quantitatively tested using a simple model of legislative choice. The Arbitration Act was viewed as harmless, and even useless, by many Congressmen. Whether this legislation was effective is an important investigation. Two approaches are used to assess the impact of the legislation. The first uses a monthly index of railroad stocks to investigate how the expected future profitability of railroad firms was affected. The price of railroad stocks fell, which implies that the legislation was expected to reduce future profits. Investors felt that this legislation did not serve the best interests of railroad capital. The second approach examines how the passage of arbitration legislation affected strike frequency and duration. The analysis of the impact of the Arbitration Act confirms that the mere presence of arbitration procedures can lead to an increase in strike activity. Evidently, the relative costs of railroad strikes were lowered, thus increasing strike activity. The imposition of legislated bargaining procedures can produce unexpected results, as illustrated by the Arbitration Act's effect on railroad strikes.

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Levin, Joshua Aaron. « Western Empire : the deep water wreck of a mid-nineteenth century wooden sailing ship ». Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3928.

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This study of Western Empire is split into two distinct parts: (1) historical research of the life of the vessel, relying on primary documents; and (2) analysis of the deep water survey data. The first part concentrates on the historical documents that constitute the history of Western Empire. The second part begins with a review of the tools and procedures used in performing the deep water survey. An analysis of the information that can be taken from such a study will follow, and it concludes with suggestions for remotely operated vehicle operators when performing an on-the-fly survey of shipwrecks in deep water. The official ship logs, crew agreements, and contemporary newspaper articles are used to recreate the life of Western Empire and shed light on a period in which wooden sailing ships were being displaced by iron ships and steam power.

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Welch, Ian, et iwe97581@bigpond net au. « Alien Son : The life and times of Cheok Hong Cheong, (Zhang Zhuoxiong) 1851-1928 ». The Australian National University. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20051108.111252.

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This thesis contributes to the ongoing discussion of modern Chinese identity by pro-viding a case study of Cheok Hong CHEONG. It necessarily considers Australian atti-tudes towards the Chinese during the 19th century, not least the White Australia Pol-icy. The emergence of that discriminatory immigration policy over the second half of the 19th century until its national implementation in 1901 provides the background to the thesis. Cheong was the leading figure among Chinese-Australian Christians and a prominent figure in the Australian Chinese community and the thesis seeks to iden-tify a man whose contribution has largely been shadowy in other studies or, more commonly, overlooked by the parochialism of colony/state emphasis in many histo-ries of Australia. His role in the Christian church fills a space in Victorian religious history. Although Cheong accumulated great wealth he was not part of the Chinese mer-chant class of the huagong/huaquiao traditions of the overseas Chinese diaspora of the 19th and 20th centuries. His wealth was accumulated through property investments following the spectacular collapse of the Victorian banking system during the 1890s. His community leadership role arose through his position in the Christian Church rather than, as was generally the case, through business. His English language skills, resulting from his church association, were the key to his role as a Chinese community spokesman.¶ Cheok Hong Cheong left an archive of some 800 documents in the English lan-guage covering the major people, incidents and concerns of his life and times. His Let-terbooks, together with the archives of the various Christian missions to the Chinese in Australia in the 19th and early 20th centuries, shed light on one person’s life and more broadly, through his involvements on the complex relationships of Chinese emigrants, with the often unsympathetic majority of Australians.¶ This is a case study of a Chinese identity formed outside China and influenced by a wider set of cultural influences than any other Chinese-Australian of his time —an identity that justifies the description of him as an ‘Alien Son’. Cheong’s story is a con-tribution to the urban and family history of an important ethnic sub-group within the wider immigrant history of Australia.¶ While Cheong remained a Chinese subject his identification with Australia cannot be questioned. All his children were born in Australia and he left just twice after his arrival in 1863. He visited England in 1891-2 and in 1906 he briefly visited China. Identity and culture issues are growing in importance as part of the revived relation-ship between the Chinese of the diaspora and the economic renewal of the People’s Republic of China and this thesis is offers a contribution to that discussion.

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Yamin, G. M. « The causes and processes of rural-urban migration in 19th and early 20th century India : the case of Ratnagiri district ». Thesis, University of Salford, 1991. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2232/.

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The aim of this thesis is to investigate the reasons for the growth of large scale labour migration from Ratnagiri district during the nineteenth century. It is argued firstly that for an understanding of the origins of migration from Ratnagiri it is necessary to investigate the socio-economic structure of the district, since exogenous demand for labour cannot explain many aspects of the pattern of migration from Ratnagiri, nor can it explain the high rate of migration compared to other areas with similar access to labour markets. It is argued that regional and gender patterns of migration from Ratnagiri can be partly explained by the structure of demand for labour within the district; but that the scale of migration can most convincingly be explained in terms of the acute poverty of sections of the rural population. It is argued that this poverty cannot be ascribed to demographic pressure in the early nineteenth century, since population in the district did not rise rapidly until migration was already underway. It is instead suggested that the poverty of many cultivators in the earlier nineteenth century was an outcome of the spread of a village zamindari system in Ratnagiri during the late eighteenth century, the impact of which was intensified by legal changes introduced under British rule; the consequent concentration of landholding in the hands of the village zamindars led to higher exactions on the lower caste cultivators, which stimulated emigration in the mid nineteenth century. Furthermore, it is suggested that the land tenure system was at the root of the problems of agricultural development which the district faced later in the nineteenth century. When population rose In the mid nineteenth century, the extension of cultivation put pressure on the fragile ecology of the district, which led to rapid deforestation and falling yields per acre. it is argued that though cultivation intensified In Ratnagiri during the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the output per head nonetheless probably fell, and the system of land tenure discouraged the adoption of many strategies which might have raised output per head, thus perpetuating the poverty which, it is argued, lay at the root of out-migration from Ratnagiri.

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Manderson, Kate. « Fabian socialism and the struggle for Independent Labour Representation, 1884-1900 ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0003/MQ43910.pdf.

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Jacino, Ramatis. « O trabalho do negro livre na cidade de São Paulo 1872-1890 ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8137/tde-06072007-104911/.

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Ao final do século XIX, a riqueza resultante do crescimento da cafeicultura e a entrada de milhares de imigrantes europeus, provocou um crescimento inédito da cidade de São Paulo. Em paralelo, a escravidão ia se extinguindo e reforçando o contingente de negros livres, que se somavam a massa de pobres de outras etnias, motivo de preocupação da classe dominante. Disputando os espaços da cidade e os postos de trabalho, estes grupos sociais protagonizaram conflitos internos, entre outros grupos sociais e com o Estado, opressivo e discriminador. A crescente população de negros livres, no entanto, inseria-se no mercado de trabalho a medida que a escravidão ia acabando. Aquela inserção foi abortada com a consolidação do trabalho assalariado e o surgimento de teorias racistas, que empurra-os para fora do mercado formal, obrigando-os a sobreviverem nas franjas da sociedade, exercendo trabalhos informais, pouco valorizados econômica e socialmente ou a marginalizar-se.
By the end of the XIX century, the wealth produced by the expansion of coffee plantations and the arrival of thousands of European immigrants, brought about an unprecedented growth to the city of São Paulo. Simultaneously, as slavery became extinct and the ever-growing contingent of free blacks added to the masses of other poor ethnic groups, the dominant class\'s concern rose. Striving for space in the cities and for a place in the labor market, these social groups staged conflicts internally, against other social groups and against an oppressive and discriminatory State. The rising population of free blacks, however, joined the labor market as slavery declined. Such process is aborted with the consolidation of labor and the emergence of racist theories that push them out of the formal market, forcing them to survive on the fringes of society, either by performing informal jobs of little economic and social value or resorting to crime to make a living.

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Livres sur le sujet "Alien labor – 19th century"

J, Bade Klaus, dir. Population, labour, and migration in 19th- and 20th-century Germany. Leamington Spa [UK] : Berg, 1987.

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Chun, Allen John Uck Lun. Toward a political economy of the sojourning experience : The Chinese in 19th century Malaya. Singapore : Dept. of Sociology, National University of Singapore, 1988.

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Jackson, Christopher E. An alien land : Arctic prints of the 19th century. Calgary, Alta., Canada : Glenbow Museum, 1987.

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Gelzheiser, Robert P. Labor and capital in 19th century baseball. Jefferson, N.C : McFarland & Company, 2005.

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I, Abella Manolo, et Kuptsch Christiane, dir. Managing labor migration in the twenty-first century. New Haven : Yale University Press, 2005.

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Jackson, Christopher. An alien land : Arctic prints of the 19th century : December 20, 1986-March 15, 1987. Calgary : Glenbow Museum, 1986.

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Alien nation : Nineteenth-century Gothic fictions and English nationality. Philadelphia, Pa : University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997.

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Prakash, Gyan. Bonded histories : Genealogies of labor servitude in colonial India. Cambridge [England] : Cambridge University Press, 1990.

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United, States Congress Senate Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration Border Security and Citizenship. The L-1 visa and American interests in the 21st century global economy : Hearing before the Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security and Citizenship of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Eighth Congress, first session, July 29, 2003. Washington : U.S. G.P.O., 2004.

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Dehart, Evelyn Hu. Women, work, and globalization in late 20th century capitalism : Asian women immigrants in the United States. Pullman, Wash : Dept. of Comparative American Cultures, Washington State University, 1999.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Alien labor – 19th century"

Surdam, David George. « Labor Resists ». Dans Business Ethics from the 19th Century to Today, 1–41. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37169-2_1.

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Surdam, David George. « Labor Relations Through the Ages ». Dans Business Ethics from Antiquity to the 19th Century, 295–315. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37165-4_14.

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Gremaud, Amaury Patrick, et Renato Leite Marcondes. « Economic ideas about slavery and free labor in the 19th century 1 ». Dans A History of Brazilian Economic Thought, 89–109. London : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003185871-8.

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da Silva, Filipa Ribeiro, et Kleoniki Alexopoulou. « Governing Free and Unfree Labor Migration in Portuguese Africa, 19th–20th Century ». Dans Migration in Africa, 178–202. London : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003225027-13.

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Plumpe, Werner. « Capital and Labor : Concepts and Practice of Industrial Relations in the Twentieth Century ». Dans German Economic and Business History in the 19th and 20th Centuries, 283–303. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51860-6_11.

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Stafford, James. « 'Free Trade' and the Varieties of Eighteenth-Century State Competition ». Dans Global Studies, 133–54. Bielefeld, Germany : transcript Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839457474-006.

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This chapter offers a fresh examination of the transformation of British trade policy in the later 18th and early 19th centuries. It reconsiders the 'rise of free trade' as a mutation, rather than a rejection, of an earlier 'mercantilist' logic of national power competition. Examining the writings of the Anglo-Dutch merchant Matthew Decker alongside those of the better-known Scottish philosopher Adam Smith, this chapter identifies a switch from a competition over trade balances in precious metals, to an all-pervasive struggle for labor discipline and productivity, applying not just to princes and rulers but entire 'nations'. The reduction of tariffs and the abolition of monopolies emerges as a means of enhancing the productive power of the nation, and its related capacity for funding military conflict.

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Scavino, Leonardo. « Liguria and Camogli : A Maritime Region (Late 18th–19th Century) ». Dans Sailing Shipping and Maritime Labor in Camogli (1815—1914), 9–48. BRILL, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004514089_003.

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« The Abolition Act And The Development Of Abolitionist Movements In 19th Century Europe ». Dans Humanitarian Intervention and Changing Labor Relations, 245–61. BRILL, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004188532.i-556.60.

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Zeidel, Robert F. « Into the New Century ». Dans Robber Barons and Wretched Refuse, 108–35. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501748318.003.0006.

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This chapter details how the assassination of President William McKinley in 1901 reinforced the presumed connection between immigrants and class-based radicalism that had been building for the previous thirty-five years. Concurrent developments, above and beyond the president's murder, would insure continuation of the linkage. With the end of the 1890s depression, the new century's first decade saw the arrival of record numbers of immigrants, increasingly coming from southern and eastern Europe. Return of commercial prosperity cemented employers' need of their labor, but the continued reliance on foreign-born workers by businesses came amid intensified concerns about the foreigners' problematic behaviors. Over the next ten years, against a backdrop of economic growth coupled with virtually continuous labor conflict, these presumptions would bring heightened calls for immigration restriction, and would push business interests to intensify their efforts to control labor, notably in industries with predominately alien workforces.

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Joustra, Robert. « Rerum Novarum and the Right to Work : 19th-Century Lessons for 21st-Century Labor ». Dans Modern Papal Diplomacy and Social Teaching in World Affairs, 39–47. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429259289-5.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Alien labor – 19th century"

Mallick, Bhaswar. « Instrumentality of the Labor : Architectural Labor and Resistance in 19th Century India ». Dans 2018 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2018.49.

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19th century British historians, while glorifying ancient Indian architecture, legitimized Imperialism by portraying a decline. To deny vitality of native architecture, it was essential to marginalize the prevailing masons and craftsmen – a strain that later enabled portrayal of architects as cognoscenti in the modern world. Now, following economic liberalization, rural India is witnessing a new hasty urbanization, compliant of Globalization. However, agrarian protests and tribal insurgencies evidence the resistance, evocative of that dislocation in the 19th century; the colonial legacy giving way to concerns of internal neo-colonialism.

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Wiyanarti, Erlina. « Labor Transformation in Javanese Society in the 19th – Century ». Dans The 2nd International Conference on Sociology Education. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007096502640268.

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Gavrilović, Biljana. « PRAVNOISTORIJSKI POGLED NA ZANATSKO PITANjE U MODERNOM SRPSKOM PRAVU 2022ZBORNICISADAŠNjOST I BUDUĆNOST USLUŽNOG PRAVA ». Dans XVIII Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xviiimajsko.1039g.

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The paper analyzes the situation in the craft and craft ́s legal regulations, in the period from the beginning of the XIX century to the 30s of the XX century, i.e. until the adoption of the Yugoslav Law on Actions. At the beginning of the 19th century, the patriarchal spirit ruled in the craft; a quasi-family relationship was established between the masters and the students. Craftsmen provided themselves protection from competition through associations in guilds and its tradition rules. In the middle of the 19th century, the Decree on Guilds was passed, which regulated labor relations in crafts and trade. At the end of the 19th century, due to the increased import of goods, the situation in the craft has changed, patriarchal relations were disturbed, and there was general dissatisfaction among the workers. Therefore, a huge action was taken for the modern regulation of labor relations, which came in 1910, with the adoption of the Law on Actions. But, despite the modern legal regulation of labor relations, the factual situation in the craft has not changed. Therefore, the paper will point out the basic reasons for the decline of the craft, as well as the normative attempts to save it.

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Carneiro De Carvalho, Vânia. « Decoration and Nostalgia - Historical Study on Visual Matrices and Forms of Diffusion of Fêtes Galantes in the 20th Century ». Dans 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001365.

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In São Paulo/Brazil, between the years 1950 and 1980, porcelain sculptures representing courtesy scenes were fashionable in wealthy and middle-class homes. Several Brazilian factories started to produce such images and many others were imported, the most of them from Germany. These representations were inspired by the fêtes gallants, a rococo style genre from the 18th century. Factories like Meissen, Limoges and Capodimonte produced thousands of copies which circulated in Western Europe and the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, from French institutional policies, the fêtes galantes were revalued along with the recovery of the rococo. This political and cultural movement resulted not only in domestic interiors decorated with authentic pieces from the 18th century gathered together by collectors, but also in the production of new objects. Following decorative practices, studies anachronistically reclassified 18th artisans as artists, constructing their biographies, circumscribing their peculiarities, and identifying their works. Many pieces from the privates collections ended in museums. The porcelain aristocratic figures won the world and are produced until today. It was at the end of the 19th century, in the region of Thuringia, that the technique of lace porcelain emerged. Produced by women in a male-dominated environment, the technique involved the use of cotton fabric soaked with porcelain mass which was then sewed and molded over the porcelain bodies of male and female figures. After that, the piece was placed in the oven at high temperature, burning the fabric and leaving the lace porcelain. It is significant and relevant for the purposes of this research that the lace porcelain technique was never recognized as a object of interest by the academic literature on porcelain. It is likely that the presence of the female labor, the practice of sewing and the use of fabric have been interpreted by the male academic and amateur elite as discredit elements. Added to this, the lace porcelain became very popular in the 20th century. The reinterpretation of rococo in the 20th century was also understood as a lack of artistic inventiveness associated with marketing interests, which resulted in the marginalization of these sculptures. What is proposed here is to study these objects as pieces of domestic decoration practices, recognizing in them capacities to act on the production of social, age and gender distinctions. I intend, therefore, to demonstrate how these small and seemingly insignificant objects were associated with decorative practices of fixing women in the domestic space in Brazil during the 20th century. They acted not alone but in connection with other contemporary phenomena such as post-war fashion, the glamorization of personalities from the American movie and European aristocracy and the rise of Disney movies, which promoted the gallant pair as a romantic idea for children in the western world.

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Fellahi, Nadjla. « Globalization Processes in Architecture ». Dans International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.002.

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The beginning of globalization according to Karl Marx’s anticipation when the Bourgeoisie class were expending their products to reach the whole globe starting from the mid of the 19th century, other scholars assume that globalization can be seen as a thread run through all the past humanities starting from our ancestors and their migration across the world which makes no fixed beginning nor an expected end of it. Globalization changed the relations between producers and consumers, also it broken various links between labor with family, daily life, as well as national attachments. The objective of this article is to discuss the progress of the globalization in the field of architecture, its signs, and its processes. The article also demonstrates how the aspect of localities has been affected by the global forces which will be done through two case studies: Algiers and Istanbul. The results expose that Globalization approach can be defined from various perspectives, but what common in these viewpoints is the "Mobility" of thoughts, objects, people, and ideas between regions, nations, and continents. The stereotype aspect of global cities which characterized by tall-sized buildings, the new materials, the sophisticated facades, new technologies etc., has impacted on the priorities of people and authorities of various countries like Algeria, and Turkey.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Alien labor – 19th century"

Naidu, Suresh, et Noam Yuchtman. Coercive Contract Enforcement : Law and the Labor Market in 19th Century Industrial Britain. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, mai 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17051.

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