Thèses sur le sujet « Alien insect »
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Ballard, Meg. « Insect populations on early successional native and alien plants ». Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company ; downloadable PDF file, 50 p, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1203553531&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Texte intégralCerqueira, Nicole. « Pollinator visitation preference on native and non-native congeneric plants ». Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company ; downloadable PDF file 2.91 Mb., 84 p, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1428175.
Texte intégralZuefle, Marion E. « The impact of non-native woody plants on the native herbivorous insect community of northern Delaware ». Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company ; downloadable PDF file, 75 p, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1163239621&sid=7&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Texte intégralParker, Denisha M. « Drivers of Predatory Insect Distribution in Urban Greenspaces ». The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1619126809030714.
Texte intégralSchoeman, Colin Stefan. « Synergistic impact of invasive alien plants and the alien Argentine ant on local ant assemblages in the Western Cape ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21759.
Texte intégralENGLISH ABSTRACT: Alien trees, Pinus spp. and Eucalyptus spp., affect ants negatively in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR), a global biodiversity hotspot in South Africa. They reduce ant abundance and species richness, thus also changing ant assemblage structure. This is alarming, because almost 1300 species of plant species in the CFR are dispersed by certain indigenous ants, and thus there is concern for an indirect effect on indigenous plant assemblages. One of the most impacting ant species on seed dispersal is the invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile (Mayr)), which discards seeds outside its nest, where they do not germinate. Ten sites, on Vergelegen Wine Estate, were selected to explore these effects of alien plants. These varied from invaded to non-invaded sites. Each site consisted of six sampling points, which in turn consisted of four pitfall traps left out for seven days, during December 2005, February 2006, May 2006 and September 2006. Forty species of ant were sampled, and various analyses used to illustrate the comparative effects of plant invasion. All analytical methods showed that invasive alien plants had a significant impact on the abundance and richness of the ant species assemblage, by creating a dense canopy cover that changed the abiotic environment of the epigaeic ants’ habitat. Furthermore, increased alien tree invasion correlated significantly with Argentine ant abundances. The Argentine ant displaced Pheidole capensis and Camponotus spp., while it decreased the abundances of commonly-occurring indigenous ants, such as Lepisiota capensis and Plagiolepis spp. Displacement by the Argentine ant may be a result of indirect competition for food resources. The effects of invasive aliens are synergistic in that there is a cascade effects from initial plant invasions to subsequent animal invasion.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Indringer bome, Pinus en Eucalyptus, affekteer miere op negatiewe wyse in die Kaap Florsitiese Streek (KFR), ‘n area in Suid Afrika van belang t.o.v. globale biodiversiteit. Hierdie uitheemse indringer bome verminder hulle hoeveelheid en spesies rykheid. Die bogenoemde is kommerwekkend omdat meer as 1300 plant spesies in the KFR versprei word deur miere. Die verandering in hoeveelheid en versameling van inheemse miere kan dus ernstige implikasies hê op die saad verspreiding van inheemse plant spesies. Een van die mees verwoestende effekte op saad verspreiding is veroorsaak deur die indringer Argentynse mier (Linepithema humile (Mayr)), wat sade neer werp buite hulle neste, waar hulle nie suksesvol kan ontkiem nie. Tien monsterings-tereine was geselekteer om die bogenoemde effekte te ondersoek op Vergelegen Landgoed. Hierdie het afgewissel van indringer tot skoon tereine. Elke terrein is op ses versamelings-plekke gemonster, met vier pitvalle, wat oopgelê het vir sewe dae gedurende Desember 2005, Februarie 2006, Mei 2006 en September 2006. 40 spesies van miere was gemonster. Indringer plante het ‚n betekenisvolle impak gehad het op die hoeveelheid en rykheid van die mier gemeenskappe, deur die skepping van ‚n dig baldakyn wat die abiotiese omgewing van die miere se habitat verander het. Die vermeerdering van indringer plante veroorsaak die vermeerdering van Argentyne miere. Kanonieke Mede-Respons Analise illustreer dat die Argentynse mier Pheidole capensis en Camponotus spp. verplaas het, terwyl dit ander inheemse mier getalle verminder het, soos Lepisiota capensis en Plagiolepis spp. Die verplasing deur die Argentynse mier mag die resultaat wees van indirekte wedywering vir hulpbronne. Die effekte van indringer species is dus sinergisties deur dat ‚n kaskade effek ontstaan vanaf plant tot dier indringer spesies.
Adorno, Antonio Salvatore Maria. « Diversity and flight activity of Staphylinidae in a citrus orchard of the Catania Plain (Sicily) ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1409.
Texte intégralGuichard, Sylvain. « Modelling the proximal source of intercepted exotic insects ». Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1472.
Texte intégralWhite, Evelyn M. « Indirect interactions between alien and native Senecio species as mediated by insects ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16580/1/Evelyn_White_Thesis.pdf.
Texte intégralWhite, Evelyn M. « Indirect interactions between alien and native Senecio species as mediated by insects ». Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16580/.
Texte intégralNygårds, Nanette. « Dislike for insects align with human-centered and anti-egalitarian beliefs ». Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för lärarutbildning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-21542.
Texte intégralSlabber, Sarette. « Physiological plasticity in arthropods from Marion Island : indigenous and alien species ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50417.
Texte intégralENGLISH ABSTRACT: Climate sets range limits in many taxa, and as climate changes, the ranges that plants and animals occupy are altered. The responses of species to climate change involve either migration or local adaptation. An investigation of the local physiological adaptation shown by indigenous and alien arthropods to temperature acclimation formed the primary focus of this study. Increased environmental temperatures favour the establishment of alien species on Southern Ocean Islands. The first records of Porce/lio scaber Latreille, 1804 (Isopoda, Porcellionidae) and an Aphidius wasp species from Marion Island were documented here. The alien wasp was discovered in 2003 and had a current known distribution along the east coast of Marion Island. Both isopods and wasps were reproducing successfully on Marion Island. The wasp species is an aphid parasitoid and had been found mummifying the alien aphid Rhopalosiphum padi. These introductions highlighted the ongoing conflict between use and conservation on the Southern Ocean Islands. Despite considerable work on the upper and lower lethal limits of insects, several major taxa have received little attention. Here this issue was addressed and the lower and upper thermal tolerances and cold hardiness strategy of Antarciopsocus jeanneli Badonnel (Psocoptera: Elipsocidae) from sub-Antarctic Marion Island was investigated. A. jeanneli is freeze intolerant, and more specifically, moderately chill tolerant. Field fresh A. jeanne li had a mean supercooling point (SCP) of -11.1oC, whereas LTSO was -7.7°C, indicating pre-freeze mortality. A. jeanneli responded to acclimation: mean SCP increased from -IS.8°C at a treatment temperature ofO°C, to -7.3°C at ISOC. Investigations of the responses to acclimation of upper and lower lethal limits and limits to activity in insects have focussed primarily on Drosophila. Halmaeusa atriceps (Staphylinidae) was examined for thermal tolerance responses to acclimation, and seasonal acclimatization. In summer and winter, lower lethal temperatures of adults and larvae were c. -7.6 ± 0.03 and -11.1 ± 0.06 °C, respectively. Supercooling points (SCPs) were more variable, with winter SCPs of -S.4 ± 0.4 °C in larvae and -6.3 ± 0.8 °C in adults. The species appeared to be chill susceptible in summer and moderately freeze tolerant in winter, thus showing seasonal acclimatization. Critical thermal minima varied between -3.6 ± 0.2 and -0.6 ± 0.2 °C in larvae, and from -4.1 ± 0.1 to -0.8 ± 0.2 °C in adults. These findings were in keeping with the general pattern found in insects, although this species differed in several respects from others found on Marion Island. In this study the differential responses of indigenous and invasive springtails to temperature were explicitly examined in the context of the beneficial acclimation hypothesis (BAH) and its alternatives. In particular, the thermal acclimation responses of desiccation resistance, supercooling ability, lower and upper thermal limits were compared. Invasive springtails (Pogonognathellus jlavescens, Isotomurus palustris and Ceratophysella denticulata) did not display greater phenotypic flexibility than indigenous springtails (Cryptopygus antarcticus and Tullbergia bisetosa), but did perform better under high temperature conditions. Indigenous species, however, performed better under low temperature conditions. In most cases the BAH was not supported, or could not be distinguished from its alternatives. The prediction that invasive species will outperform indigenous species as climates on Southern Ocean Islands warm was supported. Because temperature plays such a large role in the distribution, abundance and physiological tolerances of invertebrates, microhabitat temperatures along an altitudinal gradient (0 to 800 m above sea level (asi)) were investigated over a two-year period on Marion Island. Mean microhabitat temperatures were comparable to those from previous studies for Southern Ocean Islands, and declined with increasing altitude. The 800 m asl site had the most severe microclimate (highest absolute maximum, lowest absolute minimum and the highest frequency of freeze-thaw cycles). Year one was substantially colder than year two, indicating that interannual variation in microclimate conditions could be responsible for substantial mortality amongst. invertebrate populations. Indeed, indigenous species were best able to tolerate the high incidence of low temperatures at high altitudes, whereas alien species appeared to be confined to lower altitudinal sites on Marion Island, possibly as a consequence of extreme low temperatures at higher altitudes.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Klimaat is een van die grootste faktore wat die verpreiding en digthede van dier en plantspesies bepaal. Soos wat klimaatsverandering plaasvind, kan spesies migreer om stresvolle klimaatstoestande te vermy, of hulle kan aanpas by plaaslike omstandighede. Dit is die laasgenoemde opsie wat in hierdie tesis ondersoek was. Die opsporing van Porcellio scaber Latreille, 1804 (Isopoda Porcellionidae) en 'n Aphidius wesp van Marion Eiland word hier aangeteken. Die huidige verspreiding van houtluise in die omgewing van die Navorsingstasie dui daarop dat hulle die eiland waarskynlik vanaf Kaapstad in bou-materiaal bereik het. Die wesp is gedurende 2003 ontdek en is tans versprei langs die oostelike kuslyn van Marion Eiland. Beide hierdie spesies plant suksesvol voort op Marion Eiland. Die wesp spesie parasiteer die uitheemse plantluis Rhopalosiphum padi. Uitheemse muise en die inheemse kleinskedebek weier tot dusver om P. scaber te eet. Die ontdekking van twee nuwe uitheemse spesies dui weereens op die konflik tussen bewaring en benutting van die Suidsee Eilande. Ten spyte daarvan dat aansienlike aandag gewy is aan die hoë- en lae temperatuur toleransies van insekte, is daar talle taksa wat selde nagevors word. Dié toleransies is dus nagevors vir die boekluis Antarctopsocus jeanneli Badennel (Psocoptera: Elipsocidae) van Marion Eiland. Die spesie is vries vermydend, en meer spesifiek, matig verkoelingsbestand. Veldvars A. jeanneli het 'n gemiddelde superverkoelingspunt van - 11.1 °C gehad, en letale temperature (LTSO) van -7.7 °C, wat aandui dat individue vrek voordat hulle vnes, Hierdie spesie reageer op akklimasie: gemiddelde superverkoelingspunt het toegeneem van -15.8 °C na akklimasie by 0 °C tot -7.3 °C na akklimasie by 15 oe. Die effek van akklimasie op temperatuur toleransie in insekte het dusver meestalop Drosophila gefokus. Hier vors ons die effek van akklimasie op die temperatuur toleransie van Halmaeusa atriceps (Styphylynidae) na. In die somer en winter was die lae letale temperature van kewers en larwes onderskeidelik -7.6 ± 0.03 en -11.1 ± 0.06 °C. Superverkoelingspunte (SVP) het meer gevarieer, met SVP van -5.4 ± 0.4 °C in larwes en -6.3 ± 0.8 oe in kewers. Die spesie IS verkoelingsvatbaar in die somer en matig vriesbestand in die winter, wat dui op akklimatisasie in hierdie spesie. Kritiese termale minima het tussen -3.6 ± 0.2 en -0.6 ± 0.2 oe in larwes, en tussen -4.1 ± 0.1 tot -0.8 ± 0.2 oe in kewers gewissel. Hierdie spesie blyk dieselfde fisiologiese tendense wat in insekte te vinde is uit te beeld, maar verskil in verskeie opsigte van ander insekte op Marion Eiland. Hierdie studie het ook die verskillende reaksies van inheemse en uitheemse springsterte met betrekking tot temperatuur akklimasie bestudeer. Die voordelige-akklimasie hipotese en sy alternatiewe hipoteses is in terme van akklimasiereaksies tot desikkasie weerstand, superverkoeling en lae- en hoë temperatuur bestandheid in Marion Eiland springsterte getoets. Die uitheemse springsterte (Pogonognathellus jlavescens, Isotomurus cf palustris en Ceratophysella denticulata) het nie beter fenotipiese plastisiteit getoon as die inheemse spesies (Cryptopygus antarcticus en Tullbergia bisetosa) nie. Die inheemse spesies het egter beter gevaar onder lae-temperatuur toestande. Die voordeligeakklimasie hipotese ontvang nie veelondersteuning in die huidige studie nie, maar kon in sommige gevalle nie van die alternatiewe hipoteses onderskei word nie. Klimaatsverandering mag uitheemse spesies bevoordeel. Die rol wat temperatuur in die verspreiding en fisiologiese toleransies van invertebrate speel word lank reeds waardeer. Daarom vors hierdie studie die mikrohabitat temperature teen 'n gradient tussen seespieël en 800 m bo seespieël (m bs) oor 'n tydperk van twee jaar op Marion Eiland na. Gemiddelde temperature is vergelykbaar met die van vorige studies op Marion Eiland, en neem af soos wat hoogte bo seespieël toeneem. Die 800 m bs studie-gebied het die mees stresvolle mikrohabitat-toestande ondervind (die hoogste absolute maksimum, laagste absolute minimum temperature, en die meeste vries-ontdooi siklusse). Inheemse spesies op Marion Eiland toon hoër.toleransies tot lae temperature as uiheemse spesies, laasgenoemde kom slegs voor by laer hoogtes bo seespieël, waar ekstreme ternperatuur-toestande dalk minder volop is. Klimaatsverwarming mag egter tot 'n toename in ekstreme weerstoestande lei op Marion Eiland, wat aansienlike mortaliteit in invertebraat populasies kan veroorsaak.
Favaro, Riccardo. « Invasive Wood Borers : Detection, Establishment and Spread ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424701.
Texte intégralL’incremento di scambi commerciali internazionali avvenuto ultimi decenni ha portato ad un aumento del rischio di introduzione di specie invasive, organismi che vengono introdotti in nuovi ambienti al di fuori del loro areale d’origine. Questi sono soprattutto piante ed insetti. Tra gli insetti, di particolare interesse forestale risultano essere le specie xilofaghe. Queste introduzioni hanno gravi effetti economici ed ecologici, ed è un obiettivo prioritario l’intercettazione e l’eradicazione di queste specie nei siti di introduzione. Nel presente lavoro viene presa in considerazione il coleottero cerambicide di origine asiatica Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky). Questo cerambicide rappresenta una grande minaccia per le foreste temperate dell’emisfero boreale, e ricorre in molte aree di infestazione in Europa e Nord America. La consistente bibliografia esistente, la sua biologia e la sua accezione cosmopolita ne fanno una specie modello estremamente interessante. Un’area di infestazione presente in Nord Italia (Regione Veneto) è stato il sito di studio della specie. La tesi si struttura in quattro parti. La prima (capitolo 1) è un’introduzione sulle specie invasive e su A. glabripennis in particolare, fornendo le conoscenze necessarie alla comprensione dei capitoli successivi. La seconda parte (capitolo 2) presenta un’analisi delle dinamiche di introduzione di A. glabripennis tramite uno studio dendrocronologico delle piante colpite, che identifica i punti di più antica datazione e ne spiega la causa dell’introduzione. La terza parte è costituita da tre capitoli (3-4-5) che considerano l’insediamento di A. glabripennis in un nuovo ambiente e l’adattamento a nuove piante ospiti, investigando inoltre quali sono gli effetti di diversi ambienti e ospiti. Il capitolo 3 indaga la fenologia e biologia di A. glabripennis in nord Italia; il capitolo 4 tratta delle preferenze di A. glabripennis a le diverse specie ospiti; il capitolo 5 indaga infine l’interazione tra ambiente e pianta ospite, ricercando le cause della mancata colonizzazione delle aree forestali confinanti l’infestazione considerata nello studio. La quarta e ultima parte presenta un’analisi delle dinamiche di dispersione di A. glabripennis negli ambienti di neocolonizzazione, sviluppando un approccio basato sulla probabilità di attacco di un nuovo ospite in relazione alla distanza da una pianta colpita. Nel complesso, lo studio contribuisce alle conoscenze sulla specie, fornendo dati provenienti da una nuova area di infestazione. Non solo, ricerca anche spiegazioni ad alcune caratteristiche di A. glabripennis, quali la scarsa attitudine alla colonizzazione di aree boschive e la variabilità intrinseca nella scelta delle specie ospiti. Viene introdotto, infine, un nuovo approccio alla stima di dispersione della specie che potrà essere applicato anche ad altri organismi invasivi.
Abbott, Kirsten L. « Alien ant invasion on Christmas Island, Indian Ocean : the role of ant-scale associations in the dynamics of supercolonies of the yellow crazy ant, Anoplolepis gracilipes ». Monash University, School of Biological Sciences, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5141.
Texte intégralPerrichot, Vincent. « Environnements paraliques à ambre et à végétaux du Crétacé Nord-Aquitain (Charentes, Sud-Ouest de la France) ». Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011639.
Texte intégralalbiens et cénomaniens de Charente-Maritime (France). L'un d'eux, daté de l'Albien, constitue l'un des plus anciens mais aussi l'un des plus importants gisements d'ambre fossilifère du Crétacé, compte tenu de la richesse et de la diversité des inclusions répertoriées. Les insectes et les arthropodes sont les plus nombreux, mais quelques restes de vertébrés (plume, peau de reptile) et des fragments végétaux sont également signalés. La singularité de cet ambre est d'avoir préservé une abondante faune d'arthropodes vivant au niveau de la litière du sol, alors que l'essentiel des inclusions représente généralement le biotope vivant le long du tronc ou des branches de l'arbre producteur de résine. La confrontation d'analyses taphonomiques, xylologiques et physico-chimiques permet de discuter la source botanique probable de cet ambre.
Quelques insectes particulièrement significatifs pour la compréhension de l'histoire
évolutive de leur groupe, ou bien informatifs d'un point de vue paléoenvironnemental ou paléobiogéographique, font l'objet d'une étude systématique détaillée. Des informations complémentaires, d'ordre paléoécologique et paléoclimatique, sont apportées par les nombreux végétaux associés dans les gisements sous forme de bois ou de feuilles. Une reconstitution régionale des écosystèmes terrestres côtiers médio-crétacés est proposée, via l'analyse sédimentologique des milieux de dépôt et les informations paléoécologiques fournies par ces assemblages fossiles. Ces gisements contribuent à une meilleure connaissance des biotopes côtiers du Crétacé, période cruciale pendant laquelle la co-évolution des insectes et des plantes à fleurs a constitué les prémices de nos écosystèmes actuels.
INGHILESI, ALBERTO FRANCESCO. « Management of the Invasions of Allochthonous Arthropods : Pathways of Introduction and Eto-ecological Aspects ». Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/797874.
Texte intégralWu, Chia-Yan, et 吳佳彥. « Alien pet insects : approach to utilization, risk assessment and management ». Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04912184935842863817.
Texte intégral國立臺灣大學
昆蟲學研究所
97
Pet insects’ market in Taiwan is expanding now, more alien pet insects has been imported to Taiwan in legal and illegal ways. From 2000 to now, the rapid development of alien pet insects is even more alarming. In 2005, there are only 5 insect stores in Taiwan, up to now it increases to 85. In many aquarium shops or traditional pet shops, or even the vendors in the streets, this situation makes the pet insect purchase easily. According to the survey, there are 189 species of pet insects in Taiwan, and 172 species are stag-beetle (Lucanidae) or rhinocero beetles (Scarabaeidae). Most of them are from Japan and South Asia. The damage of invading species to the ecosystem of invaded area has many related research. Finding a balance between the protection of the ecosystem of Taiwan and the demand of the market is an important issue. In this paper, based on quarantine pest risk analysis to assess the potential risks of alien insects, and that it will serve as a viable basis for effective management approach. The results indicates more than 31 species are rank to high risk species. And the results are also proposed that Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine and other relevant units may do not permit these high risk species import and sale or follow the example of Japan set the sunset provisions. Otherwise, this research will serve as a viable basis for effective management approach.
Robertson, M. P., Martin Herrer Villet et A. R. Palmer. « A fuzzy classification technique for predicting species' distributions : applications using invasive alien plants and indigenous insects ». 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011659.
Texte intégralNewete, Solomon Wakshim. « Validity of realized vs. fundamental host range of insects used as biocontrol agents of invasive alien weeds : Eucalyptus weevil (Gonipterus scutellatus) as a test case ». Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/8334.
Texte intégralGebhardt-Jaekel, Elisabeth [Verfasser]. « Mors omnibus instat - der Tod steht allen bevor : die Vorstellungen von Tod, Jenseits und Vergänglichkeit in lateinischen paganen Grabinschriften des Westens / vorgelegt von Elisabeth Gebhardt-Jaekel ». 2007. http://d-nb.info/983123454/34.
Texte intégral