Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Agrofert (Firm) »

Business-firm parties founded on the initiative of a political entrepreneur are a phenomenon of growing importance in contemporary party politics. In practice, these are either commercial companies, whose structure is used for a political project, or new and separate organisations constructed on business principles. This article examines the case of Czech party ANO (“YES”), established by the owner of the Agrofert holding company Andrej Babiš. The party achieved remarkable success in the 2013 Czech general election. The opportunity for ANO’s success was provided by strong voter dissatisfaction, reinforced by the scandalous circumstances of the centre-right government’s fall. This context created a fertile ground for the introduction of a new entity espousing anti-party, anti-corruption, and anti-political sentiments. In ANO’s organisation and functioning, a strengthening of certain traits characteristic of this type of parties is apparent. A robust system for screening party members and representatives has been gradually put into place, and human resources–style techniques of psychological testing were employed at the party’s inception. Furthermore, the power in the party has been wholly centralised around the leader, and the party’s territorial structures assigned merely service tasks. ANO has also maximised its electoral-professional orientation. The strengthening of the typical traits of a business-firm party can be explained by reference to the party’s origin in the business environment and the notions entertained by its leader. In many respects, Babiš’s party has brought the organisational model of a business-firm party to its limits.

Relevance. Powdery mildew is one of the most common and harmful diseases of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in open and protected ground. Moreover, in the closed ground, the harmfulness is higher than in the field. The yield of cucumber, due to the defeat of plants by powdery mildew, decreases by 30-50%, and in some cases by more than 70%. The creation of modern cucumber hybrids is impossible without the constant involvement in the breeding process of new sources of economically useful traits, including resistance to real powdery mildew. It is very important to combine in one line both a high degree of parthenocarpy, and the female type of flowering, and resistance to the most harmful diseases. We tried to solve this problem in our work.Materials and methods. The experience was laid in 2018-2022 in the Odintsovo district of the Moscow region on the basis of the head institution of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC) in the conditions of a spring ground greenhouse of the Block type, on a natural infectious background. On the basis of the laboratory of breeding and seed production of pumpkin crops, 27 collectible and about 50 breeding samples of parthenocarpic cucumber were studied. The article presents an assessment of the resistance to this powdery mildew of 36 of the most aligned and most valuable cucumber breeding samples in terms of a complex of economically useful features. 2-3 families, 6 plants in each, were evaluated for each sample for 2 years. During the entire growing season, the intensity of powdery mildew damage was assessed on a four-point scale and the spread of the disease in %.Results. Among the collection samples of cucumber, on a natural infectious background, two hybrids of the agrofirm BEJO ZADEN B.V. were not affected by powdery mildew: Amur 1801 F1, Artist F1, a hybrid without a name of the agrofirm MONSANTO HOLLAND B.V., conventionally named – Semenis F1 and hybrid Kibria F1 of the agrofirm RIJK ZWAAN. To a small extent, less than one point, they were amazed: Orpheus F1, Merengue F1, Marinda F1, Masha F1, Othello F1, List F1, Adam F1, SV 4097 F1 and Krasotka F1. 11cucumber breeding samples selected in previous years of research on a complex of economically useful signs that were not affected by this disease during 2 years of research were identified. Work will continue to evaluate these lines for resistance to real powdery mildew on an artificial infectious background.

Relevance.The solution to the problem of providing the population of our country with high - quality plant production all year round is possible when creating high-tech automated phytotechnological complexes based on innovative, resource-saving technologies for growing plants in an artificial climate, including the development of a new generation of root inhabited thin-layer analogues of soils.Materials and methods. The research was carried out under controlled conditions of intensive artificial-light culture, when growing lettuce plants of the Typhoon variety on thin - layer analogs of soil of various composition and a low-volume soil analogue based on high-moor peat with a low degree of decomposition "Agrofit", selected as a reference for comparison, in plant growing light equipment developed at Agrophysical Institute.Results. Evaluation of the influence of thin-film analogues of the soil based on the suspensions Cambrian clay, and /or sapropel in different ratios on the production process of lettuces showed when compared with control (hydrophilic fabric): a positive tendency to increase of height, number of leaves per plant; a significant increase in wet mass by 25-35%, dry mass in 54-80%, percent dry matter in 16-36%; increase of leaf area and photosynthetic capacity at 20-36%, net productivity of photosynthesis by 16-45%; a significant or in a form of tendency to increase in the content of potassium by 14-17%, calcium by 27-35%, zinc by 29-53% and disaccharides by 28-68%. In comparison with the low-volume analogue of the soil based on high-moor peat of a low degree of decomposition "Agrophyte" (standard), it was found an increase in the form of a pronounced positive trend in growth indicators - the height and number of leaves. wet, dry mass of plants, percentage of dry matter; net productivity of photosynthesis, a reliable or in form of trend to increase in leaf area, photosynthetic potential by 20-30%; an increase in the content of mineral elements in lettuce leaves. Possible reasons for the lower productivity of lettuce plants in the control were determined, and it associated with an increase in water intake in leaf tissues against the background of the absence of additional mineral and / or organic nutrition. The content of heavy metals and nitrates did not exceed the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) in all variants. All thin-layer analogs of the soil with the application of suspensions of various compositions can be recommended for growing lettuce in any cultivation facilities in conditions of intensive artificial-light culture.

В процессе селекционно-семеноводческой работы с семенными растениями необходимо проводить ряд мероприятий (осмотр, подвязка растений, выбраковка не типичных и ослабленных растений, изоляция). Особенно при создании «чистого» линейного материала (стерильных и фертильных). Нужно внимательно подходить к этому вопросу. Чаще проводить выбраковку. При традиционной схеме посадки 70 см неудобно выполнять данные мероприятия, так как в момент цветения растения достигают более 100 см. Происходит частичное смыкание рядов. В момент уборки семян ряды смыкаются, для получения «чистых» линий такое не допустимо. Цель исследований – разработка технологического приема в подборе схемы посадки при размножении линейного материала в селекционном процессе и оригинальном семеноводстве моркови столовой. Исследования проводили в 2019–2021 годах. Опыты закладывали в условиях пленочной теплицы на территории селекционного центра агрофирмы «Поиск» (Раменский район Московской области). Корнеплоды высаживали вручную по схемам с шагом посадки 20 см: 70 см (контроль), 96 + 20 см, 112 см. Подбор схем посадки проводили с целью оптимизации работ по уходу за растениями, проведения сортопрочисток. Площадь учетной делянки 14,7 м2, двукратная повторность. Объект исследования: семенные растения линий моркови столовой (690 В и 690 П). Густота стояния растений в зависимости от схемы опыта изменялась практически в 2 раза: от 4,5 до 7,1 и 8,6 шт/м2. Подбор схемы посадки при размножении линейного материала в селекционном процессе и оригинальном семеноводстве моркови столовой привел к удобству работы, но к небольшому росту продуктивности и к незначительной потере урожайности при схеме 112 см. Схема 96 + 20 см отличалась также убылью по данным признакам. По посевным качествам семена линий во всех вариантах посадки были практически идентичными (82–91,3% всхожесть). In the process of seed breeding work with seed plants, it is necessary to carry out a number of measures (inspection, garter plants, culling of non-typical and weakened plants, isolation). Especially when creating «pure» linear material (sterile and fertile). We need to approach this issue carefully. Culling should be carried out more often. With the traditional planting scheme of 70 cm, it is inconvenient to carry out these measures, since at the time of flowering the plants reach more than 100 cm. There is a partial closure of the rows. At the time of seed harvesting, the rows close, this is not allowed to obtain «clean» lines. The purpose of the research is to develop a technological technique in the selection of a planting scheme for the propagation of linear material in the breeding process and the original seed production of table carrots. The studies were conducted in 2019–2021. The experiments were laid in a film greenhouse on the territory of the selection center of the agrofirm «Poisk» (Ramensky district of the Moscow region). Root crops were planted manually according to schemes with a planting step of 20 cm: 70 cm (control), 96 + 20 cm, 112 cm. The selection of planting schemes was carried out in order to optimize the care of plants, carrying out variety cleaning. The area of the accounting plot is 14.7 m2, double repetition. The object of research: seed plants of the carrot lines of the dining room (690 B and 690 P). The density of standing plants, depending on the scheme of the experiment, changed almost 2 times: from 4.5 to 7.1 and 8.6 pcs /m2. The selection of a planting scheme for the propagation of linear material in the breeding process and the original seed production of table carrots led to ease of operation, but to a slight increase in productivity and to a slight loss of yield under the 112 cm scheme. The 96 + 20 cm scheme was also distinguished by a decrease in these signs. In terms of sowing qualities, the seeds of the lines in all planting variants were almost identical (82–91.3% germination).

In modern conditions, it becomes necessary to improve a complex system of anti-erosion measures in connection with the development of erosion processes that have arisen as a result of the intensification and commercialization of agricultural production. According to various estimates, in the Nizhniy Novgorod region, the area of eroded lands ranges from 141.02 thousand hectares to 667.6 thousand hectares or from 5.2% to 24.7% of the area of agricultural land [1, 2, 3]. The main negative as-pect of the manifestation of water erosion on arable soils is a decrease in soil fertility and crop yields. It should be noted that erosion processes in the region are developing unevenly. The development of water erosion of the Right Bank is facilitated by the geological structure of the area, the hilly–rocky type of relief and the high ploughing of the territory. The article presents the results of solving the economic and mathematical problem of planning anti-erosion measures in an agricultural enterprise located in the Right-bank part of the Nizhniy Novgorod region. It is shown that due to the implementation of the project of anti-erosion organization of the territory, soil fertility will significantly increase, and the net income from increasing the economic efficiency of production in the agricultural firm will amount to 212.6 million rubles, which is 41% higher than income without carrying out a complex of anti-erosion measures.