Articles de revues : « Agricultural products Prices »

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Popović, Goran, Ognjen Erić et Jelena Bjelić. « Factor Analysis of Prices and Agricultural Production in the European Union ». ECONOMICS 8, n^o 1 (1 juin 2020) : 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2020-0001.

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AbstractCommon agricultural policy (CAP) is a factor of development and cohesion of the European Union (EU) agriculture. The fundamentals of CAP were defined in the 1950s, when the Union was formed. Since then, CAP has been reforming and adapting to new circumstances. Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union defines the goals of CAP: stable (acceptable) prices of agricultural products, growth, productivity and technological progress in agriculture, growth in farmers’ income and supplying the common market. Factor analysis of the prices and production goals of CAP directly or indirectly involves the following variables: prices of agricultural and industrial products, indices of the prices of cereals, meat and milk, indices of the prices of agricultural products in France and Great Britain, agricultural GDP and EU GDP. The analysis results come down to 2 factors. The first – “internal factor” is a set of indicators homogenous in terms of greater impact of CAP on their trends (the prices of agricultural products in France, income from agriculture, the prices of agricultural products in EU and Great Britain and the milk price index). The second - “external factor” is made of general and global indicators (cereals prices, EU GDP and prices in industry). Factor analysis has confirmed high correlation of goals: production growth, productivity and technological progress in agriculture as well as “reasonable” prices in agriculture. The analysis shows high correlation between agricultural and industrial products, indices of the prices of cereals, meat and milk, indices of the prices of agricultural products in France and Great Britain, agriculture GDP and EU GDP (classified into internal and external factors). In general, the results of the factor analysis justify the existence of CAP, while the EU budget support brings wider social benefits.

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Płonka, Aleksandra, et Łukasz Paluch. « RELATION BETWEEN PRICES OF FOOD PRODUCTS AND AGRICULTURE PRODUCTS AS AN ELEMENT OF ASSESS THE ECONOMIC TRENDS IN POLISH AGRICULTURE ». sj-economics scientific journal 22, n^o 3 (31 octobre 2016) : 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.58246/sjeconomics.v22i3.308.

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The paper was created to assess the values and trends for changes in prices of basic agricultural products (produce) and food products on domestic markets that affect the condition of agriculture and agricultural producers. The relationships were evaluated between retail prices of food and prices of agricultural produce, i.e. price scissors, the author studied the strength of impact of procurement prices on retail prices of food (the degree of correlation between prices received by farm producers and prices paid by food consumers), and defined the prevailing directions of change. It was determined through the analysis that the share of the value of agricultural produce in retail prices of an average food basket is decreasing, and the higher degree of processing of produce deepens the disproportion (the gap) between the producer's prices and retail prices paid by consumers. These tendencies, negative for agricultural producers, were supported by analysis of rates of changes of farm produce prices and retail food prices. It was determined on the basis of the trending function that the variations of current prices for all the studied types of farm produce and food products exhibited a long-term increasing tendency, accompanied by seasonal and economic fluctuations. However, the increases of final product prices were in most cases substantially higher than the increases of raw material necessary for its production.

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Njegovan, Nikola, et Mirela Tomaš Simin. « Inflation and Prices of Agricultural Products ». Economic Themes 58, n^o 2 (1 juin 2020) : 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ethemes-2020-0012.

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AbstractThe stability of business in an economy has always been the primary goal that is difficult to achieve, and inflation is most often used as its basic indicator. It is a signal of change in the general price level. The paper analyzes inflation and prices of agricultural and food products as a combined phenomenon, examines their causes and consequences in the Republic of Serbia. Particular importance is attached to the change in prices of agri-food products and the prices of inputs caused by the changes that are taking place at the global level, which are gaining increasing influence in the national context. The change in price parity and the influence of the world monopolistic structure on inflation are pointed out. It also points to the importance of demand, which causes inflation in less developed countries, and which results in higher food prices, additionally putting pressure on wage growth, which, as a rule, is not a consequence of productivity growth. The authors state that with the internationalization of business activities, there was a transfer of influence of international trends on the level and effects of inflation at the national level. Given the trends in the world market, it can be concluded that the prices of agri-food products will not decrease. However, they will - due to the pressure exerted by the constant growth of the population, i.e. on the demand side, demand inflation will constantly manifest.

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Gruziel, Kinga, Aneta Mikuła et Jacek Maśniak. « CHANGES IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT PRICES IN POLAND DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ». Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXVI, n^o 2 (11 juin 2024) : 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.6074.

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The article analyzed the level and changes in prices of selected agricultural products in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic. The scope of the analysis included data for the years 2018-2022. Central Statistical Office data on the purchase and prices of agricultural products and the consumer price index (CPI) were used. Data on purchasing prices included average annual and monthly prices for products paid to agricultural producers by purchasing entities (commercial, industrial and agricultural). The prices of carefully selected agricultural products were analyzed – three from animal production and three from plant production, i.e. pigs, poultry, cow milk and potatoes, which constitute the basis of the household consumption basket, and rye and wheat, as the basic raw materials of the food industry. In 2021-2022, the purchase prices of agricultural products, calculated as an arithmetic average, increased annually. Analyzing price changes expressed by the m/m index and the price dispersion measure, greater dynamics and, potatoes and pigs. These phenomena were reported on a larger scale in 2021-2022. Prices of selected agricultural products and the value of the price index of consumer goods and services showed similar directions of changes. Agricultural product prices and CPI values were relatively stable in 2018-2019. The highest prices of selected agricultural products, their dispersion, changes expressed in amounts and percentages, as well as CPI values, were recorded in 2021-2022. The values of seasonality indices of purchase prices for agricultural products indicated the greatest variability concerning the average prices in the season, taking the example of potato purchase prices.

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Brodová, M., et M. Ševčíková. « The development of the price parity in the foodstuffs production and consumption vertical ». Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 49, No. 1 (29 février 2012) : 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5261-agricecon.

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The analysis of the development of prices in the foodstuffs vertical, it means the prices of inputs into the agriculture, agricultural products, food products and consumption prices of foodstuffs, on the basis of the price scissors, and with crucial products on the basis of the price shares and differences, has shown that price liberalisation with the applied partial regulation of their development within the market-oriented reform has evoked the greatest raise of prices within 1991–2001 regarding inputs into the agriculture, while prices of agricultural products were growing slower. The parity coefficient (the ratio of price indices) between the development of the prices of inputs and outputs became worse as of 1989 to the detriment of agriculture from 93.9 reached in 1990 to 50.3 in 2001, what means a significant opening of the price scissors to the detriment of agricultural producers. That situation was influenced mostly by the development in the first year of the reform but the trend of opening the price scissors, except for 1994, was persisting, though in the last two years the differences in the trends of the development of prices of inputs and outputs have been moderated. At the beginning of the development, the effect of the low level of the agricultural products prices was not adequately reflected in the prices of food producers and consequently in consumer prices. This was influenced mainly by the pressure of food producers evoked by the need of settlement of additional costs connected with the transformation, in particular to the detriment of the agricultural products prices (opening of the price scissors with the parity coefficient dropping from 90.8 in 1990 to 56.5 in 2001), but this negative trend has been stopped in the last two years. A gradual accommodation of demand and supply and a growing competition environment also through large retails established in our country has been reflected in closing the price scissors between the prices of food producers and consumer prices of foodstuffs (the parity coefficient raised from 76.6 in 1991 to 88.7 in 2001). The development of the shares and differences in prices as of 1994 pointed to a substantial differentiation in the development of prices in the vertical of the production and consumption of individual products what was effected by the applied regulation system as well. With milk and milk products, the majority of the evaluated products was showing a slightly raised share of the raw cow milk price in the final food products prices, and in the last three years, also the processor price share in the consumer price. This narrowed the difference between the producer and dealer prices. With slaughter cattle and the major kinds of beef, a gradual decline of the slaughter cattle price share in the processor price was interrupted in 2001, what, to a certain extent, was also caused by the crisis evoked by the BSE and by the minimum price which prevented transferring of these consequences, to a larger extent, to farmers. Similarly, in 2001, a non-standard situation occurred between the processor and consumer prices of the individual kinds of beef. With slaughter pigs and the evaluated kinds of pork, after the period of dropping slaughter pig prices share in the processor price of the major kinds of pork, its growth was recorded mostly in 2001, when the processor price share in the consumer price dropped as well.

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OREHOVA, Tetiana, et Yuliia ISCHUK. « THE RISKS AND CHALLENGES OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS GLOBAL MARKET ». Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic sciences 320, n^o 4 (29 juin 2023) : 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2023-320-4-17.

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The modern world faces increasing challenges in the agricultural market, including climate change, natural crises, and geopolitical tensions. The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine have disrupted the achievement of sustainable development goals, encompassing economic, social, and environmental aspects. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, global supply chains have been significantly disrupted, rendering the agricultural market exceptionally vulnerable. Subsequently, monetary and fiscal policies aimed at mitigating the pandemic’s impact led to a sharp rise in commodity prices, particularly wheat and corn prices, which became 40-50% higher than the average price over the past decade. However, in 2022, the blockade of Black Sea ports due to the war in Ukraine severely restricted access to supplies, prompting many countries to protect their food security by limiting grain exports. Currently, the world faces serious global challenges, including ecological crises and geopolitical tensions, which threaten sustainable development. Geopolitical tensions, notably between the United States and China, and the war in Ukraine exacerbate the global situation. The global community grapples with risks related to climate change, shifting precipitation patterns, inflation, and soil degradation, all of which impact agricultural productivity and food prices. Soil degradation costs the EU approximately 97 billion euros annually. The Global Food Price Index reflects rising prices, creating pressure on global food security. Grain supplies have been reduced due to restrictions in Black Sea ports and logistical challenges, posing a threat to the global food system. Changes in the global behavior of states and the private sector may mitigate these risks by unlocking logistical routes, reducing trade restrictions, providing financial assistance to affected areas and agriculture, and seeking ways to optimize resource utilization.

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Arsyad, Muhammad. « Prices of Agricultural Products and Poverty : How Strongly are the Two Linked ? » International Journal of Agriculture System 7, n^o 2 (12 avril 2020) : 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v7i2.579.

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Prices of agricultural products and poverty relationship are the two types of standing issue to solve. This paper tries to argue that price of agricultural products (hereafter, agricultural price) and poverty are strongly related. We employed Correlation (intermediate step) and Path (final step) in the analysis procedure. The results show that, first, the association degree between agricultural input (note as well, that price is crucial factor to get input) with poverty approaching 70%, indicating that agricultural input is good-fit in explaining poverty. Second, the higher the frequency of getting agricultural extension, and price information for various inputs (and output) in agriculture, the higher the crop productions (agricultural sector, in broad sense) will be gained. This indicates these two variables (inputs-outputs prices) can also be expected to be important instruments in increasing smallholders’ income and in turn help them living above poverty line. Farmers household income is strongly affected by prevailing market price. Agricultural price is functioning as intermediate part of income calculation. It is clear that price of agricultural products has a strong linkage with rural poverty alleviation in the country.

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Du, Wenbin, You Wu, Yunliang Zhang et Ya Gao. « The Impact Effect of Coal Price Fluctuations on China’s Agricultural Product Price ». Sustainability 14, n^o 15 (22 juillet 2022) : 8971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14158971.

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Few studies have used China’s latest economic data to verify the interaction between coal price fluctuation and vegetable price fluctuation. Therefore, the sharing of existing knowledge in the academic community is mainly reflected in this paper, which explores the influence between coal prices and agricultural product prices for the first time. Further, it supplements the verification of the effective parameters of vegetable price fluctuation in academia. The current study investigates the relationship between coal prices (thermal coal price) and agricultural product prices (vegetable prices) in China from 2016 to 2021. It uses separate time-series models to verify the effect of China’s coal price fluctuation on the price of agricultural products and explores the effect of the coal price on the vegetables’ price trend. The results confirm that the thermal coal price significantly impacts and positively affects vegetable prices. There is also a linkage between the price of coal and the security of agricultural products. It might mainly be due to coal usage in various stages of the growing, storage, transportation, and distribution of agricultural products. Higher coal prices may lead to higher agricultural prices, threatening China’s coal-dominant energy structure. These higher coal prices will endanger domestic energy security and agricultural security. Finally, this study also suggests ways to manage the effect of increased coal prices on agricultural product prices and then puts forward policy suggestions.

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Shin, Dong Hoon, et Seon Hyeon Kim. « A Study on the Causal Relationship between Spot Price and Futures Price of Crude Oil and Agricultural Products ». International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 8, n^o 5 (1 mai 2020) : 296–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss5.2345.

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This paper studies the relationship between the agricultural, energy, and derivatives markets. This study empirically analyzes how the results of previous studies on the Granger causality between oil price and the spot price of agricultural products appear in the futures market by using the Toda and Yamamoto (1995)’ causality test. There are two main findings. First, 7 bidirectional causalities and 27 causalities between oil and 6 agricultural products are found, providing strong evidence of a causal relationship. Second, causality is found between oil prices and grain and oilseed type agricultural products, and the spot price of oil has relatively more causalities on agricultural product prices than the futures price of oil. Lastly, testing each period shows that a financial crisis can strengthen the relationship between the agriculture markets and the energy markets

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Lv, Xingchen, Weijun Lin, Jun Meng et Linan Mo. « Spillover Effect of Network Public Opinion on Market Prices of Small-Scale Agricultural Products ». Mathematics 12, n^o 4 (8 février 2024) : 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12040539.

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Network public opinion plays a crucial role in the behavior and decision making of various stakeholders, including farmers, middlemen, and consumers. It also affects the price fluctuations of small-scale agricultural products. Understanding the transmission path and spillover effect of network public opinion on the price fluctuations of these products is essential for ensuring their sustainable development and price stability. This paper selects the monthly data of network public opinion and related market prices of small-scale agricultural products from January 2014 to December 2021, constructs a network public opinion value through the sentiment classification results of deep learning models, and uses the trivariate VAR-BEKK-GARCH(1,1) model and spillover index model to study the spillover effect and spillover index of network public opinion on the market prices of small-scale agricultural products (national average price and origin price). The results show that: (1) There is a bidirectional volatility spillover effect between public opinion sentiment and the market prices of small-scale agricultural products. Additionally, this two-way volatility spillover effect is also evident between the average market prices and the origin prices of these commodities. (2) The influence of network public opinion on the market prices of small-scale agricultural products is substantial, with the spillover index being more pronounced for origin prices than for national average prices and reaching its zenith earlier. Consequently, based on these results, recommendations are provided to adapt planting and inventory strategies, enhance vigilance towards price risk transmission amongst small-scale agricultural product markets, and improve the comprehensive information platform encompassing the entire industry chain.

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Salamin, O. « Actual problems of price formation for agricultural products ». Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, n^o 93 (16 novembre 2019) : 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-e9304.

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The problems of prices formation for agricultural products are analyzed. In Ukraine, prices have been liberalized without market environment, unlike economically developed countries, where the market environment has evolved over a long period of time. This has led to high price volatility, which is very difficult for manufacturers to adapt. They cannot develop business plans and marketing programs. Due to high risk, bank loans cannot be attracted. The effectiveness of direct financial support programs is decreasing. They did not ensure the overcoming of monopoly tendencies in the field of product purchases and stabilization of the prices of efforts of state agricultural management and public organizations aimed at establishing marketing cooperatives. The cooperative products are sold to the processing plants at the same prices at which they would be harvested and sold without setting up a cooperative. Such cooperatives only simplify the activities of processing enterprises for the procurement of raw materials. Cooperatives, which carry out the processing of products, are viable ones that influence the level of prices and stabilize them. This forms a self-regulatory vertical marketing system of the cooperative type. Without government intervention, prices are acceptable that are acceptable both, for the production and promotion and sale of products to the end consumer. Prices are promptly revised in the light of market conditions and problems that arise at individual levels of the supply chain. Auction results have a significant impact on the overall level and dynamic price changes. The information on the results of the bidding affects the price level, which is formed by all other alternative sales channels. Monopolistic tendencies by individual market participants in the field of agricultural purchases are often only possible due to the lack of information on market conditions from individual producers and possible price in alternative distribution channels. All wholesale agricultural markets established in Ukraine are of a supply nature. They operate in large cities and create the conditions for manufacturers to produce manufactured products, but require trading operations throughout the day. Such markets are more appropriate for intermediary structures that operate on a permanent basis. For the manufacturers of products, wholesale wholesale markets that are created in the areas of production of raw materials are more acceptable. The founders of such markets are usually sales cooperatives. Large cooperative lots of homogeneous products can be offered in such markets by cooperatives in such markets. Auctions may be organized and conducted for such products.

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Prášilová, Marie, Lucie Severová, Lenka Kopecká et Roman Svoboda. « Duopoly price competition on markets with agricultural products ». Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, n^o 4 (2011) : 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159040241.

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A situation, in which two firms compete, is in the economic theory described by duopoly models. Market equilibrium on the duopoly market is formed in a reciprocal adjustment process of market prices and materialized market opportunities. The goal of the analysis is to find out whether the agricultural products market is significantly influenced by appearance of duopolies, what form they have and if they can fundamentally influence the price level of food. That food chain stores endeavour to mutually adapt food product prices is generally known; it is set especially by the inelastic demand for the mentioned goods on the side of consumers, i.e., by the need to demand basic food. Duopoly reactions to price competition in food chain stores are particularly strong in the case of commodities of milk and tomatoes, where the reactions and approximation of prices can be clearly seen. Based on statistical research it is obvious that the reactions are most reflected on sales of the food chain stores Billa and Albert. To identify specific reactions of price duopoly at retail chains the ANOVA statistical method was used. The firm’s duopoly behaviour as such on the food market need not be a subject for applying punishment from the antimonopoly bureau, if it does not have the cartel agreement character. An example can be the identical potato prices inquiry in the supermarkets of food chain stores.

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Dian Zhang, Dian Zhang, Yi-Qun Wang Dian Zhang et Wen-Bai Chen Yi-Qun Wang. « Prediction and Early Warning Methods for Agricultural Commodity Price Based on SSA-LSTM ». 電腦學刊 34, n^o 3 (juin 2023) : 357–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/199115992023063403027.

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<p>China is a large agricultural country. Fluctuations in the prices of agricultural products can have a significant impact on the income of farmers. It is also a barometer of the agricultural market. Accurate and effective price forecasting of agricultural products plays an important role in strengthening agricultural informatization. Therefore, it is important to explore the characteristics and laws of agricultural price fluctuations to stabilize agricultural market prices and protect farmers’ incomes. This paper takes the price of pork among agricultural products as an example. This paper summarises several key factors that influence pork price fluctuations. Ultimately, this paper uses three pig prices, namely Outer Ternary, Inner Ter-nary and Black pig, and two feed ingredient prices, namely soybean meal, and maize, for a total of five indicators to forecast pork prices. This study uses the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) to optimize the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) hyperparameters to enhance the forecasting capability of the LSTM. An early warning mechanism for pork prices was established to warn of pork price fluctuations. The experimental results verified the prediction accuracy of the proposed model and the effectiveness of the early warning mechanism.</p> <p> </p>

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Qu, Gailiu, Yuqing Lou, Siyu Wu, Xin Deng et Jie Feng. « Impact of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia on Agricultural Products Prices : A Case Study of Chengdu ». Agriculture 12, n^o 10 (13 octobre 2022) : 1688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12101688.

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Ensuring the basic stability of supply and prices of agricultural products bears on people’s wellbeing and contributes to social development and stability. However, the outbreak of COVID-19 and a series of rules and regulations confining socialization adopted to deal with the epidemic have led to the prominent contradiction between supply and demand in the agricultural market, and the sharp fluctuations in the prices of agricultural products. In this paper, the price data of agricultural products in the main urban area of Chengdu in the 10 weeks before and 20 weeks after the Spring Festival from 2018 to 2020 were used to empirically study the impact of COVID-19 on local agricultural product prices by generalized multiple difference method (DID). The empirical results show that, first, compared with the Spring Festival of 2018 and 2019, the COVID-19 epidemic in the Spring Festival of 2020 led to an average increase of 105.02% in the retail prices of agricultural products in Chengdu, among which the increase of livestock and poultry, fruits and vegetables, and aquatic products was the most obvious, while the change of grain and oil prices was not significant. Second, compared with the demand side, the COVID-19 pandemic has a major impact on agricultural prices from the supply side. Third, the impact of COVID-19 on the retail prices of agricultural products is more obvious in areas where the primary industry is relatively small and industrialization is fast. Fourth, in the short term, the government’s policy of suppressing prices does not restrain all agricultural prices. The above research findings provide a reference for understanding the adjustment mechanism of agricultural prices under the impact of the epidemic, and for effectively formulating relevant policies to stabilize the price of agricultural products, ensure supply, and alleviate the pressure on people’s livelihood.

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Halkin, Vasyl. « Levers of state regulation for agricultural production ». RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA' 12, n^o 2 (janvier 2023) : 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/riss2022-002009.

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Ukrainian legislation provides a range of tools to intervene in agricultural markets, including customs protection, non-tariff trade regulation and various forms of domestic price regulation. The Agrarian Fund is the state body responsible for the implementation of domestic price interventions. The purpose of the study is to ex-amine the main support levers for state regulation of agricultural production. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study consists of the following meth-ods: organisational, strategic and legal. It was concluded that there is a need to in-tegrate the issues of sustainable development - analysis and planning of state reg-ulation of agriculture. Official minimum and maximum intervention prices for products that are "subject to state regulation" have been set for procurement. The exact list of these products and the periods during which regulated prices be valid are determined by specific government regulations. The minimum prices do not play the role of guaranteed prices, but serve as indicative minimum prices for pri-vate market players. The minimum intervention prices must not exceed the do-mestic market price level, in line with the World Trade Organisation domestic sup-port commitments of Ukraine.

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Yazev, Grigory, Taisiya Ryabova et Vyacheslav Zhenzhebir. « Differentiation of wholesale prices for organic agricultural products ». MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018) : 05073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819305073.

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The urgency of the study is based on the fact that for a long time, there have been disputes in the scientific world about methods and models for determining the value of prices, on the basis of which the economic accessibility of various kinds of organic products depends. It is especially important to resolve the issue of setting prices for agricultural cooperatives, which have developed in the Russian market economy. The purpose of the study is to find a method for setting wholesale prices for organic products, the consumer demand for which has increased over the past two years and exceeded the level established by the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. The following methods were used in the study: analytical, systemic, comparative, economic and mathematical, hypothetical, questionnaires, etc. The study conducted an excursus into the field of basic theories of determining prices created by scientists, on the basis of which it was concluded that there is no single approach to determining their values. The prices for organic agricultural products sold by large retailers are analyzed. Using a sample of closest prices of various agricultural producers, average wholesale prices for agricultural products were determined for three regions of the Central Federal District. As a result of the conducted study, the wholesale price for organic agricultural products (on the example of potatoes) purchased by wholesale distribution centers providing the needs of the population of Moscow and the Moscow region was substantiated.

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Mi, Anjiang. « Research on Chinese Agricultural Products Based on Supply and Demand ». Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 5 (16 février 2023) : 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v5i.5106.

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Based on the data of agricultural prices and economic development in China in recent years as well as the previous research of economists, this paper will analyze the rules of fluctuation in agricultural prices in China and its possible influencing factors from the perspective of supply and demand. Due to the rapid development of productivity and the constant change of demand structure, the price of agricultural products in China has been increasing rapidly. However, in this process, the supply and demand imbalance also occurs from time to time, resulting in a large price fluctuation. This paper will also analyze some of China's agricultural policies and their positive effects. Macro policies can stabilize agricultural prices to some extent, but their effect is limited. Therefore, appropriate macro-control is needed to fundamentally guide production and trade process from both sides of supply and demand, so as to stabilize the price of agricultural products and market expectations.

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Dastagiri, M. B., et L. Bhavigna. « The Theory of Agricultural Price Bubble & ; Price Crash in Global Economy ». Applied Economics and Finance 6, n^o 5 (21 août 2019) : 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v6i5.4464.

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Agricultural prices play greater role in living Economics. Since many decades’ farmers faced declining agricultural prices and low prices in developing countries. Therefore, in these countries agricultural price policies are under closer appraisal. Government and policy makers worry about inflation. Economic precision is required in determining prices. This understanding led to conception of the study. The specific objectives are to review various agricultural price theories, research evidences and construct the theory of agricultural price bubble and crash and their effect on macro economy and suggest measures to improve. The study reviews various agricultural price theories, concepts, policies, research gaps and do meta-analysis and formulated the theory of Agricultural prices bubble and price crash. Since 1950, many development economists and practitioners prophesy in developing countries is that low agricultural commodities prices discourage poverty alleviation. Many countries are unable to make successful pricing policies due to there is not enough operative methodological and theoretical support for decision-making. According to the economic theory of cooperativism, the entities come closer to the pecking order theory. Unexpected changes and changes in regulations can have significant impact on the profitability of farming activities. “Demand channel" is the crucial factor in elucidation of commodity price growth. Future prices moments in agriculture have fat-tailed distributions and display quick and unpredicted price jumps. World Trade Organization study highlights the importance of strengthening multilateral disciplines on both import and export trade interventions to food price fluctuations to reduce beggar-thy-neighbor unilateral trade policy. The theory of NAFTA regionalism did not lead to regionalization and not increasing share of intraregional international trade. In EU countries land rents in modern agriculture causing upward trend in agricultural land prices. Information friction, agricultural supports, agricultural price & trade policies, agricultural price transmission are responsible price fluctuations. In economic theory, asymmetric price transmission has been the subject of considerable attention in agricultural gaps. Selection of forecasting models are based on chaos theory. Chaos in agricultural wholesale price data provides a good theoretical basis for selecting forecasting models. This theory can be applied to agricultural prices forecasting. Novelties in agricultural products fluctuations research offer scientific basis in planning of agricultural production.

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Pawlewicz, Adam. « Change of Price Premiums Trend for Organic Food Products : The Example of the Polish Egg Market ». Agriculture 10, n^o 2 (1 février 2020) : 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10020035.

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One of the most rapidly growing areas of the organic agricultural system is egg production. However, the price premium often decreases the affordability of organic foods. In this study, the production and sales of organic eggs in Europe were compared, the prices of organic and conventional eggs in Poland were analyzed, and the price premium on the Polish market was evaluated. This study relied on data of Eurostat, Statistics Poland, Agricultural and Food Quality Inspection and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in Poland. The prices of organic and conventional eggs on the Polish wholesale market were analyzed based on the monthly price registers. The production and sales of organic eggs in Europe were characterized by a steady increase. The nominal and real prices of organic eggs were higher than the prices of conventional eggs throughout the entire analyzed period. The nominal prices of organic eggs tended to decrease. However, an upward trend was observed in the real prices of both organic and conventional eggs. The average price premium for organic eggs exceeded 128% (median of 121%). The price premium was characterized by moderate variation (Vc = 33%). In Poland, the price premium was on a downward trend by around 1% per month in the examined period.

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Umurzakov, Uktam. « PREDICTION OF PRICES FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS THROUGH MARKOV CHAIN MODEL ». International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, n^o 03 (18 février 2020) : 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i3/pr200782.

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Liu, Kanying, Yong Lan, Wei Li et Erbao Cao. « Behavior-Based Pricing of Organic and Conventional Agricultural Products Based on Green Subsidies ». Sustainability 11, n^o 4 (21 février 2019) : 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041151.

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This study considers two types of consumers: those without preference difference, and those that prefer organic agricultural products. It constructs two two-stage hoteling behavior-based pricing models and solves for the optimal loyalty price and poaching price of the two types of enterprises. It analyzes the influence of subsidies on the pricing of the two types of products and corporate profits. The study also undertakes numerical simulation for further analysis, finding that green subsidies are negatively correlated with the loyalty price and poaching price of organic agricultural products, but that they will not affect the difference between the two types of prices. When the inherited market of organic agricultural products is dominant, the size of green subsidy affects the relationship between the prices of the two types of products. However, when organic agricultural products do not dominate the initial market, green subsidies do not affect the size of the relationship between the two prices of the two types of products. When the initial market position of organic agricultural products is different, the types of competing customers are different between the two types of enterprises, and the intensity of competition will increase with the increase of subsidies. Green subsidies increase the profits of organic agricultural enterprises and reduce the profits of conventional agricultural enterprises.

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Xiang, Mojun. « Ginger Product Price Information Based on Semantic Heterogeneity of Multisource Network Information ». Advances in Multimedia 2022 (19 mai 2022) : 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2618293.

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In order to improve prices of ginger products information service, promote the transmission and interaction between prices of ginger products information data, agricultural products are roughly divided into nine categories. Through network research, the price information of agricultural products on the Internet is analyzed. According to the hierarchical theory of information processing, three types of semantic heterogeneity of schema, contextual data, and individual anomaly data with hierarchical progressive relationship are proposed. The results show that almost 100% of the main attributes exist in the network information sources, in addition, more than 80% of the websites have type differentiation of agricultural products, and less is provided for attributes such as specification and origin, which also have an impact on the price of agricultural products. Through the network information source, the attribute characteristics of multisource network prices of ginger products information are grasped, and the classification characteristics of existing semantic heterogeneity are combined, and it provides a strong support for constructing the classification system of semantic heterogeneity of prices of ginger products information.

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Poperechny, S., et O. Salamin. « Market adaptation of agricultural enterprises ». Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 23, n^o 97 (25 novembre 2021) : 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-e9707.

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Problems of adaptation agricultural enterprises to the market environment are analyzed. Adaptation in agriculture is complicated by the long production period and volatility of product prices. Due to the improper formation of infrastructure, the agricultural market does not perform the function of price stabilization. Constant re-profiling of the enterprise is required. This does not contribute to stable functioning. There are not price forecasting services in Ukraine. Financial resources and staffing of even relatively large enterprises are insufficient for such forecasting. In such conditions, especially large-sized enterprises are developing as a priority. Their activities are focused on foreign markets, where prices are more stable. This strengthens the export potential of Ukraine's agriculture and exacerbates rural unemployment and social problems in rural areas. In addition, it is difficult for large enterprises to adapt to market environment. Compared to small enterprises, their re-profiling requires longer time and greater financial resources. In highly competitive markets, the differentiation of consumers by requirements for food products is growing. Manufacturers of undifferentiated mass-produced products using intensive technologies are losing their competitive position. The popularity of small batches of products is growing, which is more acceptable for potential consumers of target market segments. The production and bringing to market of such products requires the coordinated activities of all economic entities united by a common chain of movement of goods. To achieve this, state incentives are needed for the creation and development of cluster-type economic systems, which harmonize the requirements for raw materials and products of its processing, delivery times, prices. Production of craft products can be organized in some agricultural enterprises. The higher cost of such products is offset by higher sales prices. The creation of such systems can be initiated by processing enterprises that invest in the production of raw materials. State support for such structures is more effective than direct state financial support for individual industries.

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Nguyen, Duc-Hiep, Nguyen Huynh-Tuong et Hoang-Anh Pham. « A Blockchain-Based Framework for Developing Traceability Applications towards Sustainable Agriculture in Vietnam ». Security and Communication Networks 2022 (14 juillet 2022) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1834873.

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Recently, many governments in the world have been focusing on building sustainable agriculture to improve the life quality of farmers and significantly increase their income. In Vietnam, however, the farmers still face the problems of “good harvest–low prices, and vice versa” and lack capital for scaling or transforming the production model. One of the main reasons for this phenomenon is that the price of agricultural products does not depend on farmers’ efforts but is based on the purchase price of the trader or the market price. Besides, the farmers also maintain farming habits based on regional culture or follow trendy and profitable agricultural products. Those production strategies make this type of product oversupplied, leading to a down in price shortly, so the farmers’ income will decrease. The above problems stem from the lack of information and communication tools between actors in the agricultural value chain, especially between cooperatives, farmers, and consumers. This paper presents a Blockchain-based framework for developing a traceability solution as an effective method of communication between actors in the agricultural value chain toward a sustainable agricultural model. The proposed approach helps to fully convey the production and distribution of agricultural products and the ability to verify traceability information, thereby helping to increase prices and protect the brand of agricultural products.

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Sobczak, Wioleta, et Jarosław Gołębiewski. « Price dependence of biofuels and agricultural products on selected examples ». Bio-based and Applied Economics 11, n^o 3 (4 novembre 2022) : 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/bae-9753.

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The growing demand for raw materials for the production of biofuels may lead to an increase in the prices of these raw materials and, due to the shortage of land, to an increase in the prices of other crops. This is due to the fact that the growing demand for raw materials for the production of methyl esters and bioethanol (the most widely used biofuels), such as rape and corn, is a form of competition on the food and feed markets. It should be mentioned that although the topic is not new, it is still very relevant, taking into account the expansion of energy crops, as well as national, European and world energy policy. Especially due to the fact that, as has already been mentioned, the use of plant products for the production of biofuels has an impact on the regulations of the food market.This study is to analyze the volatility and dependence of ethanol, biodiesel, maize and rapeseed prices in the period of 2016-2019 and aims at assessing the correlation between the agricultural and biofuel markets. In this paper, the investigation regarding co-integration of biofuel and agricultural commodity prices has utilized ethanol and commodity prices with the use of the vector error correction model (VECM). Price dependencies between the prices of biodiesel, rapeseed, maize and ethanol were found, indicating the existence of long-term causality in at least one direction between the analyzed prices. The results indicated that biodiesel prices during the period in question were influenced by the previous week’s prices of biofuel and rapeseed. Moreover, biodiesel prices had an impact on the level of ethanol and rapeseed prices. In the case of rapeseed, the correlation between its prices and those of corn is also noticeable, while prices of corn may also affect prices of ethanol.

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SAGGI, KAMAL, et MARK WU. « Understanding Agricultural Price Range Systems as Trade Restraints : Peru–Agricultural Products ». World Trade Review 15, n^o 2 (9 février 2016) : 259–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745615000750.

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AbstractAn agricultural price range system (PRS) aims to stabilize local prices in an open economy via the use of import duties that vary with international prices. The policy is inherently distortionary and welfare-reducing for a small open economy, at least according to the canonical economic model. We offer an explanation for why a government concerned with national welfare may nevertheless implement such a policy when faced with risk aversion and imperfect insurance markets. We also highlight open questions arising out of the Peru–Agricultural Products dispute for the WTO's Appellate Body to address in order to clarify how a PRS consistent with WTO rules could be designed. Finally, we discuss the possibility that a WTO member might resort to a free trade agreement (FTA) to preserve its flexibility to implement a PRS and how an FTA provision of this sort ought to be treated in WTO litigation.

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Poperechny, Stepan, et Oksana Salamin. « REGULATION OF PRICES FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ». Management Theory and Studies for Rural Business and Infrastructure Development 42, n^o 3 (19 octobre 2020) : 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/mts.2020.32.

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Fenghe, Zhang, Viktoriia Medvid et Lu Xu. « Marketing potential of the Sino-Russian bilateral agricultural export market ». Innovative Marketing 17, n^o 2 (24 juin 2021) : 164–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.17(2).2021.15.

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China and Russia are important agricultural countries in the world. Expanding exports and increasing sales of agricultural products play an important role in the economic development of both countries. To understand the current situation of agricultural exports of the two countries and formulate strategies to expand the marketing of agricultural products, this paper uses the UN Comtrade Database 2009-2018 on Chinese and Russian bilateral agricultural export sales and other trade data to calculate the (expansion margin) and (price margin) of agricultural exports, (quantity margin), to analyze the types, prices, and quantities of exported agricultural products. The results show that China exports to Russia mainly labor-intensive types of agricultural products such as processed agricultural and horticultural products, accounting for 87.46% of total agricultural exports on average. The increase in exports is mainly due to the continuous increase in the prices of exported agricultural products. Russia exports to China mainly land-intensive types of agricultural products such as animal products, grains, oilseeds and fat products, which accounted for an average of 79.07% of total agricultural exports. The increase in exports was mainly due to the continuous increase in types and quantities of agricultural products to develop the export potential of agricultural products and expand sales. In addition, China should expand the types and quantities of agricultural products exported, and Russia should increase the added value of agricultural products and raise the export prices of agricultural products.

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Liang, Li, Keyu Qin, Sijian Jiang, Xiaoyu Wang et Yunting Shi. « Impact of Epidemic-Affected Labor Shortage on Food Safety : A Chinese Scenario Analysis Using the CGE Model ». Foods 10, n^o 11 (3 novembre 2021) : 2679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10112679.

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Human food safety should be given priority during a major public health crisis. As the primary element of agricultural production, labor tends to suffer the most during a period of public health concern. Studying the impact of epidemic-affected labor shortages on agricultural production, trade, and prices has important implications for food security. This study used a calculable general equilibrium model to study the changes in agricultural production, trade, and prices under different labor damage scenarios. The results showed that agricultural production was less affected under a scenario where the epidemic was controlled locally. The output of agricultural products decreased by about 2.19%, and the prices of agricultural products increased slightly. However, the nationwide output of agricultural products decreased by only 0.1%, and the prices remained largely stable. In the case of the spread of the epidemic, the output of agricultural products in the epidemic area decreased by 2.11%, and the prices of certain agricultural products increased significantly. For example, the price of vegetables increased by 0.78%, the price of pork increased by about 0.7%, and those of agricultural products in other parts of the country also increased slightly. Compared with the national spread scenario, the local outbreak scenario had a smaller impact on Chinese food security, indicating Chinese effective policy against the epidemic. Although the impact of labor shortage under the influence of the epidemic on China was relatively limited, and considering its stable food security, we should pay attention to the increase in the process of agricultural products and changes in agricultural trade in the epidemic area. The residents in the epidemic areas could not effectively obtain nutritious food, which affected their health. Thus, the government should also completely mobilize agricultural resources to ensure the nutrition safety of residents during major public health incidents.

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Shebanina, Olena, et Anna Burkovska. « Price regulation of agrarian markets in the context of food security in Ukraine ». SHS Web of Conferences 65 (2019) : 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196503002.

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The article deals with the problems of price regulation of the agrarian markets in the context of food security in Ukraine. The seasonal dynamics of the indexes on the consumer prices for the agricultural products are analyzed. The influence of the factors of foreign trade activity of Ukraine on the state of prices on the domestic market is determined. The conclusion on the need for increasing the state regulation of prices for agricultural products in Ukraine is made. The analysis of influence of the dynamics in the volumes of the export and import on the fluctuations of prices for agricultural products on the domestic market is carried out.

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Petre, Ionuț Laurențiu, Marian Motofeanu, Claudiu-Florentin Lăceanu et Virgil-Alin Chirilă. « The Impact of Seasonality of Agricultural Production on Product Prices in Romania ». Economic Insights – Trends and Challenges 2022, n^o 2 (2022) : 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.51865/eitc.2022.02.05.

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"This paper aims to determine the possible impact of the seasonality of agricultural production on the prices of these products. Three main products were analysed, the majority of which are wheat, maize and sunflower production. With the help of national databases, product prices were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively, as well as statistically, over the last 5 years by calendar month. A series of researches have been carried out on the data, such as: analysing the dynamics of both annual and monthly prices, as well as determining the correlations between the price level for these products and the calendar month to which these prices refer. Following this analysis, the third-degree polynomial regression equations were determined, showing that product prices follow a sinuous trend, with high prices in the first part of the year, when supply is running out, then, during the harvesting period, there is a drop in price, given the sudden increase in supply on the market, and in the last months of the calendar year, the highest prices are recorded, given the additional cost of storing production following the harvesting campaign. "

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Krzysztof, Firlej, et Marcin Stanuch. « PRICE DIFFERENTIATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN POLAND – REGIONAL APPROACH ». Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXIV, n^o 4 (10 novembre 2022) : 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.0747.

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The main aim of the research was to assess the price differences of selected agricultural products in the area of the first degree administrative division of Poland. The study focused on the analysis of the dynamics of price changes in individual regions, specified the impact of the production volume and consumption of a given product on the retail price, and an attempt was made to define a regression model in terms of the price of an agricultural product. The years 2010-2019 were assumed as the research period, and four products were analyzed: sugar, eggs, flour and milk. It was found that the average annual dynamics of changes was similar for all voivodeships, in particular for products such as flour, eggs and sugar. In the case of the correlation analysis, it was found that there was a certain interdependence of prices in relation to production and prices for consumption, which is not coherent on a regional basis. The regression model analysis proved ineffective in trying to forecast future market behavior as well as consumer behavior.

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Xie, Lin, Jiahua Liao, Haiting Chen, Xuefei Yan et Xinyan Hu. « Is Futurization the Culprit for the Violent Fluctuation in China’s Apple Spot Price ? » Agriculture 11, n^o 4 (12 avril 2021) : 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040342.

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China aims to utilize the futures market to stabilize agricultural product price fluctuation by quantifying the effects of risk transfer and price discovery. However, the role of futurization has been questioned and even posited as the cause of drastic fluctuations in spot market prices. This research aims to clarify the impact of futurization on the price fluctuation of agricultural products and to provide policy reference for the development of the agricultural futures market through the research. Here, we examine the spot price data for apples and use Interrupted time-series analysis (ITSA) and GARCH models to estimate the impact of apple futures on the volatility of spot prices. Our findings demonstrate that the launch of China’s apple futures did not increase the volatility of apple spot prices; that is, futurization was not the cause of skyrocketing apple spot prices. In the long term, our results suggest that futures will help reduce the volatility of apple spot prices and that the introduction of futures will ultimately reduce the price volatility of agricultural products.

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Arisoy, Hasan. « Impact of agricultural supports on competitiveness of agricultural products ». Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 6 (22 juin 2020) : 286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/416/2019-agricecon.

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The agricultural sector is being supported in Turkey, as well as in the world. The issue of competitiveness is observed in agriculture, despite supports. This study aims at investigating the impact of agricultural supports in Turkey on competitiveness of agricultural products. Vector autoregression (VAR) model has been adopted in the study. The internal terms of trade (TOT), percentage producer support estimate (PSE), and the producer nominal protection coefficient (NPC) variables have been included in the model. The internal terms of trade in Turkey have developed over time against the benefit of agricultural sector. PSE has had a significant impact on TOT. Therefore, the use of PSE as a political variable has been concluded as a significant. Means of support must be discussed in Turkey more than the amount of supports. In particular, supports that will provide farmers with competitive advantage and boost up product farmyard prices will be more efficient and beneficial for farmers.

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Bitter, Oleksandr, et Lyudmyla Petryshyn. « Comparison of price tendencies at domestic agro-food market of Ukraine and at global food market ». BIO Web of Conferences 10 (2018) : 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20181001002.

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The article describes price tendencies at the global and domestic agro-food market of Ukraine. It is proved that FAO Food Price Index, prices for food at the domestic market, as well as prices of food products sell by agricultural enterprises coincide. The research presents peculiarities of the tendencies at the markets of certain kinds of products, defines their statistical characteristics and outlines their impact on economic behavior of agricultural enterprises.

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Krzysztof, Firlej, et Marcin Stanuch. « FOOD CHAIN PRICE DIFFERENCES – THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS ». Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXIV, n^o 1 (16 février 2022) : 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.7569.

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The article is for illustrative purposes and presents the general situation of price differences in the food chain in theoretical and methodological aspects. The main objective of the research was to assess the market situation of the purchase of agricultural products against a background of prices in retail stores. The research was conducted using the observational method in mid-2021. The subject of the study were the 20 most popular agricultural products, purchased directly from the agricultural producer and through retail chains as products ready for sale unchanged from the moment of purchase. The volatility of prices between different links in the food chain was also determined using Pearson’s linear correlation. The differences in the estimated percentage mark-up of selected retail chains in relation to the obtained values of the price relation index are presented. It was found that the analyzed price differences constituted a complex research problem and were conditioned by many determinants. The relation between the prices offered for agricultural products in purchase and retail prices was often 200%. The main reason for the price differences was the extensive supply chain between the farmer and the chain of stores. The results of the correlation of price volatility allowed to conclude that there was a phenomenon related to the transfer of price risk in the scope of subsequent links of the food chain.

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Guo, Yan, Xiaonan Hu, Zepeng Wang, Wei Tang, Deyu Liu, Yunzhong Luo et Hongxiang Xu. « The butterfly effect in the price of agricultural products : A multidimensional spatial-temporal association mining ». Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 67, No. 11 (12 novembre 2021) : 457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/128/2021-agricecon.

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With the advent of the era of big data, data mining methods show their powerful information mining ability in various fields, seeking the association information hidden in the data, which is convenient for people to make scientific decisions. This paper analyses the butterfly effect in the agricultural product industry chain from the perspective of producer and consumer by using multidimensional time and space theory and proposes a new price forecasting method. We consider that the price change of agricultural products is not only affected by the balance of market supply and demand but also by the factors of time and space. Taking the pig industry chain of Sichuan Province as an example, this paper explores and excavates the data from 2010 to 2020 in the time dimension. Interestingly, we found that the price changes in pork in the market are generally highly correlated with the prices of slaughtered pigs, piglets a few weeks ago and the prices of multiple feed a few months ago. Based on the precise time-space factors, we improved the price forecasting model, greatly improved the accuracy of price prediction, and proved the effectiveness of multidimensional spatiotemporal association mining. The research in this paper is helpful to establish a brand-new agricultural product price prediction theory, which is of great significance to the development of the agricultural economy and global poverty alleviation.

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Grega, L. « Price stabilization as a factor of competitiveness of agriculture ». Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 48, No, 7 (1 mars 2012) : 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5321-agricecon.

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Price fluctuations make agriculture a risky business. High price fluctuation of agricultural commodities may have through its income effect a very unfavourable impact on the economic situation of agricultural subjects. In finding corresponding instruments of agricultural policy to stabilize prices and incomes, it is necessary to distinguish between various types of price changes. However, important question for conception of adequate price policy is how to protect against high price fluctuations and not to restrain function of price as a signal about market situation. Application of partial equilibrium analysis to evaluate impact of price stabilization policies is an adequate method, especially if price changes in the market do not cause significant price fluctuation in other markets. Using this methodological approach is possible to prove that price stabilization brings for common net benefit consumers and producers. However in practical application some additional aspects must be taken into account if dealing with stabilization of agricultural products prices.

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Kudryavtsev, Aleksandr, et Yuliya Karmyshova. « Industry aspects of farm access to high value-added supply chains ». E3S Web of Conferences 176 (2020) : 05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017605005.

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This paper examines the factors characterizing the access of farms to the supply chains of agricultural products with high added value. Indicators of statistical reporting on farm activity grouped by type of products are analyzed, on the basis of which the influence of production size on opportunities selling products at a higher price is assessed. It is concluded that for various sectors of agriculture the level of product sale prices’ dispersion by individual farmers differs, which characterizes differences and opportunities of farmers to increase own share in the added value creation chain. Identified types of agricultural products, producers of which must increase production volumes to gain access to more profitable trade channels of products, as well as types of products where significant production volume is not a prerequisite for higher sales prices. These conclusions can be taken into account in assessing the feasibility of establishing marketing or processing consumer cooperatives of farmers.

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Jędruchniewicz, Andrzej, et Michał Wielechowski. « Prices of Means of Production in Agriculture and Agricultural Prices and Income in Poland During the COVID-19 Pandemic ». Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia 57, n^o 3 (11 décembre 2023) : 139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/h.2023.57.3.139-156.

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Theoretical background: Agriculture is an input-intensive sector of the economy. The sector of means of production in agriculture is one of the three basic components of the food economy. The prices of agricultural inputs shape the operational costs of farms and significantly affect their income situation. Key agricultural inputs represent fertilizers, plant protection products, seeds, energy and labour force. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the functioning of food systems all over the world, including in Poland. The agricultural sector in Poland faced several challenges, including the surge in prices of means of production in agriculture. Purpose of the article: The study aims to identify and assess changes in the prices of means of production in agriculture and the impact of changes in these prices on the dynamics of selling prices of agricultural products and the income situation of farms in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research methods: The study employs various research methods, including critical literature analysis, the descriptive approach, the comparative method, verbal logic, and descriptive statistical methods. Moreover, we utilize a standardised questionnaire method utilising the CATI (computer-assisted telephone interviewing) technique, targeting 50 experts in the field of agricultural economics, to gather their perspectives on the possibility of transferring the rise in agricultural production costs to the pricing of products sold during the COVID-19 pandemic. The secondary data come from the Statistics Poland, the Agency for Restructuring and Modernization of Agriculture (ARMA), and the National Bank of Poland (NBP). The research period covers the years 2017–2021, with particular emphasis on the years 2020–2021, i.e., the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Main findings: Research results show that only in 2020, the prices of goods purchased for current agricultural production decreased. However, in 2021, the costs of materials and services and other costs in agriculture, including wages, increased at a record pace. The demand-side causes of such cost increases were increases in money supply and agricultural income. Supply-side causes were shaped by commodity prices and wages. In Poland, the prices of goods and services purchased by farms were less variable than the prices of goods sold. The data analysis did not reveal significant relationships regarding the dynamics of the prices discussed. Such a conclusion is also confirmed by the results of a questionnaire survey directed to experts in agricultural economics. The responses concerning the possibility of transferring the increase in production costs to the prices of sold products during the pandemic years varied. In the years 2017–2021, the income situation of Polish farms was variable. In 2020, increases in income from production factors, operating surplus, and farmer’s income, and their decreases in 2021, were inversely correlated with changes in production costs in agriculture.

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Dmytriieva, Viktoriia. « LONG- AND SHORT-TERM EVOLUTION OF SALE PRICES OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN UKRAINE IN 2010-2021 ». ECONOMIC BULLETIN OF THE DNIPROVSK STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, n^o 1(6) (27 juin 2023) : 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31319/2709-2879.2023iss1(6).282961pp15-24.

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The price is an indicator that accumulates information about the cost of production, balance between supply and demand, its quality evaluation by consumers, the variety of offer by manufacturers and other characteristics. The price is formed not only as a mathematically calculated value depending on the cost price or accompanying costs, but it considers the market situation. Prices on agricultural products are influenced by such industry specific as production seasonality. The source data base was analyzed to study prices evolution for some agricultural products in Ukraine. In particular, the features of changes in price indicators were revealed and described for fruit, berries, potatoes, grains, legumes, and oil crops. Vegetable price data set was analyzed to reconstruct evolution of price fluctuations for the period of January 2010 - December 2021. Decomposing method was applied to extract trend, seasonal and random components from time series. It allowed to build short- and long-term tendencies on the base of its fluctuations. A multiplicative model was approximated to understand dynamics of price index and reveal its behavior in impact circumstances of nature and economic factors. Price fluctuations for agricultural products is presented monthly and in years. It helped to describe long-term trend of price evolution. Moreover, modelling let us to predict values for 2022 and 2023. Forecasted values were compared with factual data from official statistical sources. According to results of analysis predicted dynamics almost completely repeated real tendency, in seasonality. Nevertheless, prices of 2022-2023 years were influenced by Russian invasion consequences. Prices soared over the predicted values. That happened because of destruction of the logistics for agricultural products supply, loss of farm assets, contamination of land with explosive substances, rise of inflation, increase of costs and demand on deficient goods, shortening of products and raw supply. At the same time, it is demonstrated that prices of products of so-called "borscht set" have been constantly increasing since 2013. That was caused by inflation and poor harvests. Mentioned factors led to that certain vegetables were imported from abroad.

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Severová, L., J. Chromý, B. Sekerka et A. Soukup. « Microeconomic aspects of government subsidies in the agricultural market ». Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 58, No. 11 (26 novembre 2012) : 542–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/212/2011-agricecon.

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It is known from the Czech practice that a very actual problem of economic policy is created by the subsidies on the prices of agricultural products. A price subsidy of agricultural product causes the price to be kept above its equilibrium level. We will use the microeconomic knowledge about the behaviour of average and marginal costs curves in the short-run and long-run. We assume two agricultural firms in a perfect competition market. The agricultural large-scale company reaches a normal profit, but the small family firm has higher costs, therefore it runs at a loss. Using the subsidy can ensure that the prices of agricultural products are set at a level, at which the farmers have appropriate incomes. However, a loss of efficiency can occur because of the subsidy as the surplus, which is purchased by the government, and actually stays unused.  

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James, A. D. « Disease and Biosecurity ». Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2003 (2003) : 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200013661.

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There are large differences between the prices of animal products in regions with comparative advantage in livestock production and regions where production costs are higher. In particular, prices for many animal products are much higher in The European Union (EU) and The United States of America (USA) than in regions with extensive grazing areas or low-priced animal feed grains, e.g. Australia, South America and Southern Africa. These price differentials provide strong financial incentives for trade in animal products between these regions. However, trade is constrained by three main factors: 1.The perishability of many animal products, resulting in additional processing costs (e.g. freezing) which may also reduce the value of the product and higher transport costs.2.The fact that in many markets, high prices have been used as an element of agricultural support policy. These are partly maintained by levies on imported products.3.Zoosanitary restrictions to control the risk of introducing livestock and human disease agents in animal products.

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Paredes-Garcia, Wilfrido Jacobo, Rosalia Virginia Ocampo-Velázquez, Irineo Torres-Pacheco et Christopher Alexis Cedillo-Jiménez. « Price Forecasting and Span Commercialization Opportunities for Mexican Agricultural Products ». Agronomy 9, n^o 12 (1 décembre 2019) : 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9120826.

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Decision-making based on data analysis leads to knowing market trends and anticipating risks and opportunities. These allow farmers to improve their production plan as well as their chances to get an economic success. The aim of this work was to develop a methodology for price forecasting of fruits and vegetables using Queretaro state, MX as a case study. The daily prices of several fruits and vegetables were extracted, from January 2009 to February 2019, from the National System of Market Information. Then, these prices were used to compute the weekly average price of each product and their span commercialization in Q4 and over the median of historical data. Moreover, product characterization was performed to propose a methodology for future price forecasting of multiple agricultural products within the same mathematical model and it resulted in the identification of 18 products that fit the Seasonal Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model. Finally, future price estimation and validation was performed to explain the product price fluctuations between weeks and it was found that the relative error for most of products modeled was less than 10%, e.g., Hass avocado (7.01%) and Saladette tomato (8.09%). The results suggest the feasibility for the implementation of systems to provide information for better decisions by Mexican farmers.

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Koguashvili, Paata, Joseph Archvadze et Nikoloz Chikhladze. « ABOUT ONE ASPECT OF STATE SUPPORT FOR FARMS ». Economic Profile 17, n^o 2(24) (25 décembre 2022) : 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.52244/ep.2022.24.05.

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Agriculture, despite the relative stabilization of recent years, is still the weakest link in the Georgian economy. This is evidenced by the country's low level of self-sufficiency in many types of agricultural products (for wheat - 22%, for corn – 74%, for vegetables – 61%, for meat - 51%) and its high dependence on imports. In the first 9 months of 2022 alone, the negative balance in foreign trade in agricultural and food products amounted to 385.8 million US dollars, which negatively affects both the macroeconomic state of the economy and the country's exchange rate. Due to the rise in prices for oil products on the world market, Georgia had to pay USD 440 million more in January-September 2022 compared to the corresponding period last year, of which only less than 1/5 was due to economic growth, and the rest “was a merit” of the rise in oil prices. The uncultivated land area remains too large (up to 60%), which, along with other reasons, is due to the rise in the cost of material resources for the production of agricultural products (mineral fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural machinery, fuel). Due to the virtual lack of domestically produced non-ferrous products, the government can only regulate the price of fuel for farmers through the regulation of taxes (excise, VAT). Many countries follow the practice of returning part or all of the cost of fuel to farmers involved in the implementation of government programs or orders. In some countries, the state fully (Sweden) or partially (USA, Germany, etc.) covers the cost of fuel used for agricultural work. In our opinion, it is most acceptable for Georgia to subsidize diesel fuel purchased for agricultural work by manipulating indirect taxes (excise, VAT), for which it is necessary to develop a transparent mechanism for its use. An appropriate law should be adopted by the Parliament of Georgia. Appropriate subsidies should be extended exclusively to farmers involved in the relevant state programs (orders), as well as to the production associations created by them - cooperatives. The excise tax on 1 kg of fuel in Georgia is currently 44 tetri, and on one liter of fuel, respectively, 36.7 tetri. At the same time, if the amount of excise tax per liter of fuel is a constant value, VAT, on the contrary, is a variable value and in each specific case an individual calculation is required. We consider it lawful that the subsidization was at least 1.50 lari per liter of diesel fuel. At prices for October 2022, one liter of diesel fuel costs 4.10 GEL. To cultivate 5 hectares of arable land, a farmer needs approximately 100 liters of fuel, i.e. fuel worth 410 GEL. By subsidizing 1 liter of fuel in the amount of 1.50 GEL, the farmer can save 150 GEL, buying 100 liters of fuel will cost only 260 GEL (= 410-150), i.e. more than 1/3. It seems that in order to reduce the cost of agricultural work, the same work should be carried out in other areas (plowing, milling, sowing ...), which are currently estimated at 1,200 lari per hectare of agricultural land. It seems that in the future the same attitude should be shown in relation not only to fuel, but also to all other types of means of production. For this, the starting point should be the average index of prices for agricultural products for one harvest year, and in this way the average index of price growth for the corresponding means of production is calculated. Both indices should be approved as the basis of price parity between agricultural products and the means for its production (the parity will show how much industrial output or services an agricultural commodity producer can receive per unit of output he produces). Thus, if the increase in prices for agricultural products is 5%, and for inputs for agricultural production - 10%, the difference between them - 5% (= 10% -5%) should be covered by the budget. Price parity should be established for such strategic products as marketable grain, meat, milk, fruits, citrus fruits and some others. Which provide the country's food security and the processing industry with raw materials. The adoption of the law "On the establishment and protection of price parity for goods and services necessary for the reproduction of agricultural products" will contribute to the growth of agricultural products and deepen the production specialization of agriculture, increase the efficiency of the agricultural sector, increase its share in the national economy, motivate life and work in the countryside , reduce the migration of people from rural areas to cities or abroad and, last but not least, reduce the current high dependence on imports in the food supply of the population of Georgia.

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Zaród, Jadwiga. « Czynniki kształtujące ceny wybranych produktów rolno żywnościowych ». Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 17(32), n^o 3 (30 septembre 2017) : 298–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2017.17.3.75.

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Price differences significantly shape trade and affect consumer behavior. Change in prices of agricultural products imply changes in food prices. Factors shaping the prices of agri-food products can divide into structural factors (for example: area of crops, consumption, import, export) and cyclical factors (for example: extreme weather events, exchange rates). The purpose of this article is to study the influence of supply and demand factors on the purchase prices of selected products on the EU and Polish markets. The main research methods are the econometric causal-effect models. In addition, trend models will allow to determine the direction of development for the prices of analyzed agri-food products. OECD, FAO and EUROSTAT data were used to this study. The results show the relationship between the purchase price of agri-food products and supply and demand factors and allow comparison of these prices in Poland and in the EU. Trend models have helped to set price forecasts for the next two years.

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Rechka, Kateryna. « INVESTIGATING MARKET PRICES FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION MEANS AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ». Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 4, n^o 3 (2018) : 244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2018-4-3-244-253.

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Maśniak, Jacek. « Ceny w sektorze rolno-żywnościowym w warunkach cyklu koniunkturalnego ». Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, n^o 113 (3 avril 2016) : 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/eiogz.2016.113.1.

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The aim of the article was to verify the hypothesis derived from the Austrian business cycle theory that the prices of goods produced in sectors which are most distant from consumers fluctuate more than the prices of consumption goods. A study carried out for the agri-food sector in the years 2001–2014 showed that the price of agricultural raw materials (agricultural market output) and natural resources (agricultural land) fluctuate more than prices of food products. The prices of fixed assets were relatively stable, which should not happen according to the business cycle theory.

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Hassan, Md Rakib. « Smartphone based automatic price determination of agricultural products ». Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 4, n^o 2 (27 août 2017) : 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v4i2.33718.

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Smartphones are increasingly becoming an integral part of our life. We carry it every time with us and use it to do various tasks including browsing internet, emails, social websites and others. We also perform online shopping with our smartphones. In this paper, a new automatic price determination algorithm for agricultural products is proposed that can be used by both the sellers and buyers using their smartphones. The buyers will place their demands for their required agricultural products to the sellers of a particular market and the sellers will also place their supplies. The algorithm will then automatically calculate the market equilibrium price using learning rate based iterative distributed price determination algorithm. As a result, both the sellers and buyers can save their time in finding the suitable prices of the agricultural products. The performance results show that the algorithm is stable and reaches the market equilibrium price within a few milliseconds.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.4(2): 69-75, August 2017

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Rahimov, Bahromjon, et Behzodbek Ibrahimov. « THE ESSENCE AND OBJECTIVE NECESSITY OF THE FORMATION OF THE MARKET OF MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES IN A MARKET ECONOMY ». INNOVATIONS IN ECONOMY 4, n^o 7 (30 juillet 2021) : 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9491-2021-7-11.

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The establishment of market relations in agriculture requires the development of the system of material and technical resources on the basis of market principles. Weak financial situation of agricultural enterprises, weakening of economic relations with the manufacturer of equipment, transport costs, transit, high customs duties, devaluation of money, imbalances between prices for agricultural and industrial products and a number of other factors.Keywords:Agriculture, resource, material resrs, price, efficiency, cost-effectiveness.

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