Thèses : « Agricultural labour relations »

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Petersen, Emelda. « A theoretical framework for the labour relations between the farmer and farm workers during industrial strike actions ». Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2671.

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Thesis (MTech (Public Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.
The purpose of this study was to analyse the labour relations of the workers in the agricultural sector, with reference to the De Doors area in the Western Cape. Despite the political, social and economic changes to better the lives of the farm workers that have been implemented to rectify the inequalities of the past, the labour conditions on farms stayed unchanged. It is evident that there is a gap in the labour relations in the agricultural sector, due to the 2012/13 strike actions that took place. Qualitative research methodology was employed in the study; it provided the researcher with the opportunity to personally interact with the farm workers. It further allowed the researcher to gain a holistic understanding of the daily lives of the farm workers which would foster a better understanding of their daily struggles. Interviews were used as method of data collection. This methodology also enables the researcher to interpret and describe the actions of participants. Good labour relations play a vital role in any industry or organisation. Farm workers are generally classified as vulnerable and the most exploited group of the South African society. They often work irregular hours throughout the year in various weather settings. Regardless of the physical strain that their jobs entail, farm workers earn a low wage and are often deprived of the basic benefits that an employee should be entitled to. This was the reason the farm workers embarked on a strike in 2012/13. The researcher proposed recommendations to the Agricultural department on how to improve the labour relations on the farms in the De Doorns area by suggesting that more labour inspectors are being employed to oversee that legislation are implemented. Skills Development needs to be become compulsory for all farm workers as farming is becoming more technological. Skills Development unlocks talents and creative energy for the farm workers which have a positive impact on production.

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Goodman, Bruce (Bruce Edward) Carleton University Dissertation Geography. « Gardening Guatemala : the influence of export vegetables on land and labour relations in the Mayan highlands ». Ottawa, 1992.

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Grimbeek, Linda. « Die implikasie van 'n minimumloon vasstelling vir die landbousektor in die Noordwes-provinsie / Linda Grimbeek ». Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1688.

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Poverty is a significant world wide issue. Although literature on the impact of a minimum wage in the agricultural sector is rather limited, previous empirical research shows that employment was reduced with the implementation of a minimum wage. The following questions are studied: - Does the implementation of a minimum wage have any effect on employment in the agricultural sector of the North-West province? - Is there any relation between poverty and unemployment? - Does the implementation of a minimum wage and sectoral determination have any impact on social-economic issues. The empirical study is carried out by way of a questionnaire from which responses are investigated. A random sample was used to evaluate the effect of a minimum wage on employment and social-economic factors in the North-West province. The target population includes all the affiliated members of Agri North-West. This group is negative about labour laws and experiences that the implementation of a minimum wage has a negative effect on employment. The agricultural sector provides many job opportunities in South Africa. Seeing that a minimum wage has a negative impact on employment in the North-West province, further research is recommended.
Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Sociology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

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Subramaniam, Kandasamy 1953. « Attitudes of agriculture instructors toward their job in northern province, Sri Lanka ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277306.

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The purpose of this study was to appraise the attitudes of agricultural instructors providing village extension services in the northern province of Sri Lanka toward their job in the agriculture extension service. Major findings indicate in the aggregate, agricultural instructors like their job and have a good attitude toward their job. The job factors offering the agricultural instructors the positive attitudes are the communication established between agricultural instructors and various layers of administration, the intrinsic reward of the job itself, and the relationship with co-workers and the working conditions. The job factors offering the negative attitudes was the pay and its adequacy for a comfortable living. Attitudes of agricultural instructors toward the job and its relationship with service were not significantly varied with service.

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Irwin, Emily. « Labor on Vermont Dairy Farms : A Producer Perspective ». ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/968.

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To compete with larger, more efficient dairy farms, build resilience against increasingly volatile milk prices, and increase farm income, farms in traditional dairy states such as New York, Wisconsin, and Vermont, have been forced to expand their herds and increase production. Many dairy farmers do not have formal training in human resources management, and find the transition to a larger, non-family workforce to be challenging. In addition, farmers who have transitioned to a primarily Latinx workforce also face considerable cultural and language barriers. The quality of human resource management can have a significant impact on a farm business, and evidence suggests that intentional human resource management can result in healthier cows, higher profits, and lower employee turnover (Billikopf & Gonzalez, 2012; Erskine, Martinez, & Contreras, 2015; Stup, 2006). This thesis explores two essential components of human resource management on dairy farms: the employer-employee relationship, and the components of a competitive wage and non-wage benefit package. Both articles rely upon thirty surveys conducted in Addison County, Vermont, from December 2017 to January 2018. In the first article, using the qualitative data collected in the survey, I apply the concept of precarious employment to the employer-employee relationship on dairy farms in Addison County. Although I discover some evidence of precarity, I also find examples of worker control over working conditions, specifically regarding worker recruitment, termination, wage rates, and hours. In the second article, I use the quantitative data we collected regarding wages, and the estimates provided by farmers for the value of the non-wage benefits offered to employees, to outline the structure of a typical compensation package for Addison County dairy employees. I find that that more than half of employers provide Latinx employees with housing, utilities, internet, satellite TV, a bonus, transportation, farm products, and vacation time. In terms of non-wage benefits offered to U.S. workers, more than half of employers provide housing, utilities, a bonus, farm products, sick time, and vacation time. I also find that including the producer-estimated value of the typical non-wage benefits offered to employees, the median total hourly compensation for Latinx workers is $12.62. American dairy workers in Addison County earn a median total hourly compensation with a range of $21.32 to $24.02. I end with a discussion of the practical and theoretical implications of our research. I also include a few recommendations for future research.

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Danysk, Cecilia 1945. « Against the grain : accommodation to conflict in labour-capital relations in Prairie agriculture, 1880-1930 ». Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70225.

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Between the 1880s and the Great Depression agriculture emerged and matured as the mainstay of the prairie economy. Farm workers were essential to the developing economy and society, but their place in the rural west was ambiguous.
During the pioneering period, labour shortages and accessible land gave farm workers bargaining strength in the labour market and a niche in prairie society. A cooperative working relationship and a shared ideology resulted in a lack of overt conflict between labour and capital.
But as lands were taken, farm workers faced more and more the necessity of remaining as wage labourers. Their position became institutionalized.
The First World War highlighted the conflict that was fundamental to labour-capital relations, as farm workers and farmers alike bolstered their economic positions. Labour and capital entered the post-war decade recognizing the increasing divergence of their aims. Their relationship became more overtly conflictual.
Throughout this transformation, farm workers used strategies to influence the shape and rate of change in the industry and to maintain significant control over their own working lives. They responded as members of the working class, as active agents in relationships with their employers and with capitalism.

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Eljack, Ahmed M. « The supply and price of agricultural labour in relation to the development of the Sudan Gezira Scheme ». Thesis, University of Leeds, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375350.

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Nandasiri, Ratnayake Mudiyanselage 1957. « Institutional constraints affecting county extension agents in Arizona ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277302.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the county extension agents' perceptions of institutional constraints to the performance of their duties within the Arizona Cooperative Extension System. Study population was 66 county extension agents in the state of Arizona. They were surveyed by mailed questionnaire. Study results indicated, on the average, most of the institutional constraints affect slightly on the county extension agents' work performance. Considerable variation observed among respondents in their perceptions of severity of the constraints. Some of the other important findings include; (1) 4-H agents perceived constraints more severe than Agriculture or Home Economic Agents. (2) County agents perceived more constraints in salary and promotion more severe than county directors. (3) County agents with more than 5 years of service perceived more of the constraints in the area of Personnel Evaluation more severe than agents with 5 years or less service.

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Miller, Elizabeth Carroll. « Farming without Farmers| Deskilling in Contract Broiler Farming ». Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10935955.

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Social scientists and food studies scholars have shown an enduring interest in how food is produced in our largely industrialized food system. However, there has been little research about the organization of labor on industrialized farms. These sites of production are mostly privately owned and hidden away from researchers and journalists, who are often perceived as critics or activists by farmers and other agriculturalists. My dissertation fills this gap by focusing exclusively on industrialized contract broiler farms. Contract broiler farming is a model where farmers agree to raise chickens for meat for a set amount of time, at a rate of pay based on the ratio of feed to chicken weight at slaughter. Farmers invest in the built infrastructure to execute this process, but the company they contract for is mostly in control of the upstream and downstream supply and processing chains that depend on the production of the broiler chicken for their continued functioning.

I use archival, interview, and ethnographic data to detail the history of broiler farming, the emergence of contracting, and what the experience of it is like today. The most significant and novel part of this project is my ethnographic data collected over six months spent working on two broiler farms contracted with one of the largest firms in the US. To date, no other researchers have been able to gain this level of access.

In this dissertation, I begin by exploring the role of management, detailing how the structure of the farming contract and ambiguous supervisory oversight facilitates farmer’s compliance with company demands. Then, utilizing agricultural and labor scholarship on deskilling in the labor process, I explore how poultry farming has become deskilled, robbing farmers of autonomy, the opportunity to agitate for better labor conditions, and ultimately eroding the intimate knowledge necessary to execute successful animal husbandry. Finally, I explore the games farmers play at work. While these games obscure how surplus value is appropriated from the farmer by the contracting firm, they also demonstrate farmer’s resistance and acquiescence to their deskilling and loss of autonomy.

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Mura, Marika Noemi. « The discontented farmer : state-society relations and food insecurity in rural Tanzania ». Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/80215/.

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In many developing countries, those people who work the land as food producers are also the ones who most suffer from food insecurity. While many studies look at the power dynamics within the food system at the global level and the role played by transnational companies in particular, this investigation starts at the local level to look into the reasons behind the high levels of food insecurity among farmers. Specifically, it analyses how the relationship between the domestic food producers and the state in Tanzania has affected food security in rural areas, in particular in farmers' households. The question it asks is: How has the relationship between the state and farmers shaped food security in rural Tanzania since its independence? A qualitative approach has been employed: farmer interviews were conducted in 8 villages located in two regions of Tanzania - Coast and Kilimanjaro - and supplemented by interviews with state officials and civil society representatives. The villages surveyed in the Coast region suffer from arid conditions and are isolated from the main road that connects Dar es Salaam to Morogoro, while the villages studied in the Kilimanjaro region are on the slopes of the mountains around the town of Usangi, far from the touristic and commercial centres of Moshi and Arusha. Through interviews with farmers in these villages, the qualitative approach of this research offers a contextualised insight into food insecurity, the problems of the agricultural sector and farmers' attitude towards the state and its policies. The interviews with state officials and representatives of civil society were employed to investigate both current agricultural policies and officials’ attitude towards small scale farmers. This thesis makes an empirical contribution to the literature on food security and state-farmer relationships. I argue that the mixture of agricultural policies implemented by the state over the years have done little to improve the livelihoods of small scale farmers that live in isolated rural areas. One of the reasons why this is so is that the policies are not framed around the needs of small scale farmers (despite them being the great majority of the farmers in the country), and hence are not welcomed positively by the communities. The results of this study identify a reciprocal distrust between the state and farmers as one of the main causes of policy failure and unsatisfactory improvements in food security in rural areas. On one side, state officials see small scale farmers as inefficient and wish for the agricultural sector to be driven by medium and large scale farmers. On the other side, most farmers tend to dismiss state officials' advice as inadequate to the reality of farming. In general, farmers see the state as a distant entity, with which they have little contact and which they do not trust. I argue that the controversial relationship between the Tanzanian state and farmers is historically grounded and has a direct link with food insecurity amongst farmers for two main reasons. First, it affects the framing, objectives and implementation of agricultural policies, which thus fail to support small scale farmers. Second, it hinders the ability of farmers to successfully cooperate and/or create a coherent farmers' movement to improve food security and address their challenges at state level. Farmers' discontent is perceived in their alienation to politics, and in their distrust towards a state that has historically not been able to address their challenges nor improve their condition.

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Butler, Tracy A. « Gender, labor, and capitalism in U.S.-Mexican relations, 1942-2000 ». Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1243907962.

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Robinson, Robert Steven. « Creating foreign policy locally migratory labor and the Texas border, 1943-1952 / ». Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1185814949.

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Sifaki, Eleni. « Gendered societal transitions : the shifting role of women in the table grape production network from Archanes, Greece to Europe ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/gendered-societal-transitions-the-shifting-role-of-women-in-the-table-grape-production-network-from-archanes-greece-to-europe(2a9c2e49-cf1c-4454-9f29-73e044c66bf8).html.

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There have been major changes taking place in export horticulture over time that have been compounded by the recent economic crisis. Women and men have been affected differently by these changes. Women have played a major role as waged and unwaged labour but have also been significantly affected by these shifts. Although we know about the effects of the supermarket-led global production network (GPN) expansion on gender relations existing literature does not explore theoretically and empirically the gender implications of changing production networks. The thesis addresses this research gap by investigating the shifting role of women in the table (fresh) grape GPN from the town of Archanes in Crete, Greece to the European market and the implications for women’s labour agency across three periods. Thus, it addresses the research question: How has the relationship between women’s waged and unwaged work in the table grape GPN shifted across periods and what are the implications for gender and GPN analysis? It investigates changes across: 1) the period of the producer-led export market; 2) the period of the buyer-led GPN expansion; and 3) the period of crisis. A qualitative case study approach is used, utilising primarily interviews, focus groups and participant observation. This research builds on the GPN, feminist political economy and intra-household bargaining literatures to further develop a Gendered Global Production Networks (Gendered GPN) approach. An evolving Gendered GPN approach combines the GPN approach with a concept of gendered societal embeddedness which captures the interaction between commercial drivers and gendered societal relations. The thesis draws from the intra-household bargaining literature to incorporate a household level analysis of labour bargaining and fall-back positions to ‘unpack’ the concept of women’s labour agency. The thesis finds that while in the period of the producer-led export market women were unskilled labour, the expansion of supermarkets in period 2 offered skills and economic opportunities, enabling them to bargain in crisis even as unwaged labour in table grapes. Hence labour agency becomes more important in shaping women’s position in production networks than in the producer-led export market. Ultimately the GPN was still able to get high quality at low costs through female labour. Therefore commercial pressures influence gendered societal relations but also gendered societal relations influence commercial transitions. The findings show complex and non-linear forms of change characterised by tensions between commercial and gendered societal relations in a process of transition underpinned by shifts in women’s work and agency. I capture this with the concept of ‘gendered societal transitions’. This helps to further develop a Gendered GPN approach to advance knowledge of non-linear gendered transformations as GPNs evolve.

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Goda, Donna. « Tennessee trabajadores : global wage arbitrage comes home to roost ». FIU Digital Commons, 2007. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3984.

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In the 1980s, the American meat industry began restructuring both its domestic production methods and the distribution of its processing facilities. Many meat and poultry processing facilities have since been relocated into small rural communities. The red meat industry was once highly-paid and unionized, but now work in both meat and poultry processing is a dangerous, low-paid manufacturing job, heavily reliant on immigrant workers who must turn to local social services to supplement their wages and benefits. In an attempt to discover the manner in which the social relations of a specific locale may be enmeshed with global production, this research explored perceptions of social power and alliances after a rural community became host to a foreign workforce employed by the local poultry processing plant. On-site semi-structured interviews were conducted with sixteen local residents, and a content analysis of the community newspaper was undertaken. The research found that as new production relations were inserted into the community, the society continued to reproduce and social relations remained relatively unchanged. The community's cultural standards and social infrastructure dictate that residents are respectful of authority, extend Christian charity to those less fortunate, and are generally accepting of a community known for low wages, low taxation, and low standards of education. Hegemonic ideologies seem to dictate the goals and beneficiaries of social power, and residents are unable to name any power vectors even in the face of sustained community support of, for example, the company that introduced the immigrant labor into the community. While there are indications of displeasure with the influx of immigrants appearing in the newspaper and the interviews, there are tangible examples that the community was proactive in welcoming the immigrants into their community. Thus, given that the last time elements of the community united around an issue was in the mid-1970s and no other issue has evoked any type of tangible struggle since then, there is no indication that any social alliances will be formed in reaction to changes in the community wrought by the globalization of its economy.

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Farias, Luiz Felipe Ferrari Cerqueira de 1985. « Agronegócio e luta de classes : diferentes formas de subordinação do trabalho ao capital no complexo agroindustrial citrícola paulista ». [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281861.

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Orientador: Edmundo Fernandes Dias
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: O objetivo deste texto é investigar as diferentes frações da classe trabalhadora subordinada ao capital agroindustrial no complexo citrícola paulista: pequenos produtores familiares de laranjas, assalariados rurais e assalariados industriais. Propomo-nos analisar as continuidades e descontinuidades sociais e políticas existentes entre estas diferentes frações, com o propósito de apreender a classe trabalhadora que compõe este complexo enquanto uma totalidade concreta. Para tanto, destacaremos e analisaremos trechos de entrevistas com múltiplos sujeitos que têm seu sobre trabalho explorado pelo capital agroindustrial citrícola no estado de São Paulo: pequenos produtores de laranjas que mantêm seu modo de vida e trabalho familiares; pequenos produtores de laranjas em acentuado processo de proletarização; pequenos proprietários ou posseiros migrantes que se assalariam periodicamente em lavouras paulistas; assalariados rurais manuais com e sem registro em carteira; operadores de máquinas agrícolas e transportadores de laranjas às agroindústrias; trabalhadores de chão de fábrica terceirizados ou efetivos, safristas ou permanentes. A partir da reprodução de citações o mais próxima possível à fala destes trabalhadores entrevistados, buscaremos analisar as tendências e contra-tendências de sua consciência a respeito das contradições a que estão submetidos e as múltiplas estratégias coletivas e individuais por eles acionadas para contorná-las
Abstract: The aim of this dissertation is to investigate different fractions of the working class subordinated to capital within the citric agroindustrial complex in São Paulo. We intend to analyze the social and political continuities and discontinuities among family citriculturists, rural wage workers and industrial wage workers. To do so, we will transcribe and examine interviews with multiple subjects exploited by the citric agroindustrial capital: small citriculturists who maintain their family way of work and life; small citriculturists in intensive process of proletarianization; squatters who periodically migrate to become wage earners in São Paulo; rural laborers and agricultural machine operators; truck drivers who transport oranges into the industries; industrial workers hired permanently or temporarily, etc. We will analyze the tendencies and counter-tendencies of their speech regarding the contradictions to which they are submitted, as well as the collective and individual strategies which they mobilize in response
Mestrado
Sociologia
Mestre em Sociologia

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Msomi, Mzwandile William. « A survey of staff turnover and retention in the Eastern Cape Department of Agriculture, Ukhahlamba District ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003846.

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The aim of this research was to understand the main factors that explain turnover and retention at DOA Ukhahlamba District and to recommend to the District and Provincial management the appropriate strategy for retaining staff. To be able to achieve this aim, the following research objectives have been visited, namely: a) turnover trends, b) analysis of primary and external turnover factors and c) primarily retention factors. Data for analysing turnover trends was collected from the 2004 to 2007 DPSA and DOA annual reports. Primary data on labour turnover and retention factors was collected from 41 employees across different sections at DOA Ukhahlamba District by means of a questionnaire survey. The data was analysed using statistical methods, including frequency distribution, chi-square test and Pearson product-moment correlation. The findings have revealed that there is no clear pattern of turnover trends at DOA and DPSA, and DOA percentage turnover figures are low in comparison with those of the DPSA. In terms of organizational-specific factors, the top three primary turnover factors were identified, namely: a) communication within the organisation, b) leadership and the organisation and participation in decision making. The research results further revealed that communication within the organization had a significant impact with regard to race, but division, location, and grades did not. With regard to the external factors, research results identified the following most important external labour turnover factors arranged according to their importance, namely: lack of availability and quality of health care services and infrastructural development; lack of available sport and recreation facilities; crime in the area and people living in the neighbourhood; lack of educational opportunities available for the family, and geographic location of place of employment. The findings further revealed the top three retention factors, were strongly significantly correlated to each other, namely: resource availability, use of discretion in handling customer complaints, and the impact of the job on society. These are positively related to intention to stay. The implications these results to the management would require the review of the organisational Human Resource Management Policy and the introduction of Attraction and Retention Policy because at present its is non existence at DOA Eastern Cape. Research limitations: the study did not fully explore ethnicity when analysing the communication within the organisation as a labour turnover factor despite having an organisation that is diverse in nature, future academic research should focus more on labour turnover at management level and moderating variables to external labour turnover factors as there is little research done in this area. The factors identified for labour turnover and retention should be treated with caution as it may not be applicable to all sector Departments in the Eastern Cape and may be limited to Ukhahlamba District due to its geographic location. This study will contribute to the body of knowledge as it will serve as a guide to Eastern Cape DOA and other sector Departments in choosing factors to consider when designing their retention strategy in order to reduce labour turnover. To the academic researchers, the first three primary retention factors identified in the survey have not been seen before, grouped and rated amongst the top three retention factors which therefore means that the management support becomes more important than looking more on salary package as the first priority factor as revealed by most of the research literature consulted (Gustafson, 2002; Mobley, 1982; Mobley, 1979; Herzberg, 2003). This shows that labour turnover and retention factors will not be the same to all organisations, the location of the business and surrounding environment should be considered carefully when designing the appropriate policy and retention strategy of the organisation.

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Favoretto, Thaís Mesquita 1985. « Máquinas de empobrecimento : impactos da mecanização do corte da cana sobre trabalhadores canavieiros em Barrinha-SP ». [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279614.

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Orientador: Fernando Antonio Lourenço
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo a análise das implicações da mecanização do corte da cana-de-açúcar para os trabalhadores e as trabalhadoras dos canaviais paulistas, principalmente quanto ao processo e às relações de trabalho. A recente intensificação da mecanização do corte da cana, ao mesmo tempo em que reduz postos de trabalho, representa piora no processo de trabalho do corte manual. Em entrevistas realizadas junto a trabalhadores da agroindústria canavieira residentes no município de Barrinha - SP, situado na região de Ribeirão Preto, procuramos reconstituir suas histórias de vida e representações acerca desse processo. Buscou-se também mapear as mobilidades espaciais e ocupacionais desses trabalhadores, tendo em vista apontar as tendências desses deslocamentos e seus significados
Abstract: This research aims to analyze the implications of the mechanization of sugarcane harvest for workers in the São Paulo sugarcane fields, especially regarding the process and labor relations. The recent intensification of the mechanization process of the sugar cane harvest, while reducing jobs, is worsening the working process of manual harvest. In interviews with the workers of sugarcane agribusiness residents in the city of Barrinha-SP, in the region of RibeirãoPreto, we tried to reconstruct their life stories and representations of this process. We attempted to also map the spatial and occupational mobility of these workers, in order to point out the trends of these dislocations and their meanings.
Mestrado
Sociologia
Mestra em Sociologia

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Corrêa, E. G. 1986. « A organização sindical dos trabalhadores rurais = os canavieiros de Cosmópolis/SP ». [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280042.

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Orientador: Andréia Galvão
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Neste trabalho, nosso objetivo consiste em analisar os aspectos fundamentais da ação do Sindicato de Empregados Rurais de Cosmópolis, município localizado no interior do Estado de São Paulo, diante da intensificação da mecanização da colheita da cana-de-açúcar pela Usina Açucareira Ester S/A na década de 2000. Este sindicato logrou uma ação reivindicativa relevante junto aos trabalhadores canavieiros no final dos anos 1990, a qual culminou na implantação de um sistema de controle da produção no corte da cana denominado Quadra Fechada, que tinha como característica principal a presença constante do sindicato nos locais de trabalho. No entanto, a expansão da colheita mecanizada e o aumento do desemprego entre os assalariados rurais afetaram negativamente a organização sindical destes trabalhadores, na medida em que resultaram no distanciamento entre estes e seus dirigentes sindicais e no desaparecimento da atividade sindical nos locais de trabalho. Para compreender a ação do SER-Cosmópolis, que incorporou alguns elementos do discurso neoliberal, analisamos a sua inserção junto aos trabalhadores, as orientações político-ideológicas de suas lideranças, as táticas e formas de luta escolhidas em resposta ao atual contexto de desemprego, assim como a forma como os trabalhadores a enxergam. Realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa que contemplou a leitura da bibliografia pertinente ao tema, a consulta de documentos sindicais e entrevistas semiestruturadas com os trabalhadores canavieiros, com os funcionários do corpo gerencial da Usina Ester e com lideranças do SER-Cosmópolis
Abstract: In this work, our goal is to analyze the fundamental aspects of the action of the Rural Workers Trade Union of Cosmópolis, a municipality in Sao Paulo State, after the intensification of mechanization in sugarcane harvesting process in Ester Sugar Mill S/A in the 2000s. The union achieved a significant share of the demands of the sugarcane harvesting workers in the late 90s, assuring the establishment of a system of production control in the sugarcane fields called Quadra Fechada (Closed Court), which had as it main feature the constant presence of the union at workplace. However, the expansion of mechanized harvesting and rising unemployment among rural workers negatively affected their trade union organization, creating a gap between them and their union leaders and disappearing the trade union activity at workplace. To understand the action of Rural Workers Trade Union of Cosmópolis - which adopted some elements of neoliberal discourse - we analyze its relationship to sugarcane harvesting workers, the politicalideological orientation of its leaders, their tactics and forms of struggle chosen in response to the current context of unemployment as well as how workers see their union and leaders. We performed a qualitative study that included the reading of the pertinent literature, consultation of union documents and conducting semi-structured interviews with sugarcane workers and employees of the management of Ester Sugar Mill and leaders of the Rural Workers Trade Union of Cosmópolis
Mestrado
Ciencia Politica
Mestre em Ciência Política

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Guanais, Juliana Biondi 1985. « No eito da cana, a quadra é fechada = estratégias de dominação e resistência entre patrões e cortador de cana em Cosmópolis/SP ». [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281955.

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Orientador: Fernando Antonio Lourenço
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Intituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Partindo de um estudo de caso, focalizado na Usina Açucareira Ester S.A. (localizada em Cosmópolis, interior de São Paulo), a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo central a análise do Quadra fechada, um sistema alternativo de aferição da quantidade de cana cortada, que foi implantado somente na referida usina, em 1998, após um processo de negociação entre a mesma e o Sindicato dos Empregados Rurais de Cosmópolis. Assim, ao longo da dissertação, são abordadas temáticas relacionadas ao Quadra fechada, tais como: a histórica reivindicação dos trabalhadores assalariados rurais para controlarem sua produção, demanda essa de extrema importância e que está intimamente associada ao pagamento por produção, forma de remuneração que atrela o salário dos trabalhadores rurais à quantidade de cana cortada por eles. A pesquisa teve como base a perspectiva relacional, e buscou analisar as estratégias dos diferentes agentes sociais envolvidos com o Quadra fechada, quais sejam: os representantes da Usina Ester, seus cortadores de cana, e os dirigentes do Sindicato dos Empregados Rurais de Cosmópolis. Juntamente com as entrevistas realizadas, buscou-se observar as práticas e as condutas dos agentes sociais, observações essas que serviram como aporte para todo o trabalho de contextualização dos relatos colhidos
Abstract: Based on a fieldwork case developed at the Ester S.A. sugar cane mills (at Cosmópolis, countryside of São Paulo State, Brazil) the research presented here has as a central goal the analyses of Quadra Fechada (closed court), that is an alternative system to measure the total quantity of cane cut. This measurement system is working solely at Ester S.A. and is the result of a negotiation between the industry and the Rural Workers Union of Cosmópolis in 1998. Therefore, will be part of this thesis subject some kind of discussion and debates related to Quadra Fechada as for example: The historical cane cutters claim for controlling their production, that is an extremely important demand because deals directly with the system that associates the payment amount with production quantity; and also the debate of the system itself that directly relate payment amount with the quantity of cane cut. Besides that the research was built at a relational perspective made clear by the analyses of the different social agents involved with Quadra Fechada strategies as: Ester Mills representatives, its sugar cane cutters, and the Rural Workers Union leaders. The main interest was to observe the practices and conducts/manners of the social agents at the fieldwork. Those observations were of tremendous importance as they served as contribuition to the hole contextualization of the reports collected as interviews or orally
Mestrado
Sociologia Rural
Mestre em Sociologia

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Burton, Zachary T. « Servants to the Lender : The History of Faith-Based Business in Four Case Studies ». Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1499366069449044.

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Du, Toit Jan-Louis. « Labour relations that influence the militancy of farm labourers ». Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41898.

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This study investigated whether high quality Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) relationships between farmers and farm labourers reduce the level of militancy that labourers will adopt during labour strikes. The study was conducted in the aftermath of the farm labour wage strikes which occurred between August 2012 and January 2013 in De Doorns in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, in which three labourers lost their lives. Purposive sampling was used to conduct semi-structured interviews across a spectrum of farmers and managers in De Doorns to construct eight case studies of the same event. The interviews were transcribed and analysed in order to test the propositions that were developed during the literature review. This study confirmed the existence of LMX relationships between farmers and labourers. The study further found that: labourers who enjoy higher quality LMX relationships with farmers may be less militant during labour strikes; trust is a critical factor in developing and sustaining high quality LMX relationships; the quality of LMX relationships influences the time required to restore the work relationships after a crisis situation; and the social context in which leaders and members are embedded will influence the quality of the LMX relationship. These findings have applications for the management of labour intensive industries in South Africa that could benefit from reduced militant behaviour during labour strikes.
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
zkgibs2014
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted

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Rehman, M. M. « Pattern of land relations and its impact on agricultural development of West Bengal-with special reference to agricultural labour movements ». Thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/780.

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Sehloho, Tumelo Vincent. « An analysis of the implementation of the Labour Relations Act with specific reference to farm workers in Tswaing / Tumelo Vincent Sehloho ». Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/11287.

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Chatterjee, Surendra Nath. « A study of agricultural wage labour circulation in relation to poverty and inequality in Bolpur-Sriniketan block of Birbhum District ». Thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/3178.

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« Making the Desert Bloom : whites and Mexicans in the agricultural development of the Salt River Valley, 1867-1930 ». Doctoral diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.14843.

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abstract: The Phoenix area had no sizable Mexican presence before the U.S. took over the territory. Some assumed that the region was founded completely by whites from the outset. Whites and Mexicans actually held nearly equal populations throughout the first two decades of settlement. Though they did not hold equal status, their cohabitation was largely characterized by mutual interdependence and respect. Transforming the Salt River Valley's desert terrain into a regional agricultural hub depended on the Sonorans' preindustrial skills. As the town modernized, a new class of resident sought large scale projects to integrate Phoenix into the U.S. economy. Two pivotal projects achieved this. First, railroad spur lines made Phoenix accessible for migrants, as well as allowing farmers to supply commercial markets profitably. Second, the massive Roosevelt Dam secured a stable water supply for valley farmers. While these projects provided the foundation for development, it was cotton that brought commercial success. Throughout World War I, valley cotton growers capitalized on the booming cotton market by expanding their average acreage from 400 acres in 1912 to 130,000 acres in 1920. This rapid escalation to meet wartime demands depended upon a massive seasonal labor force from Mexico. While this boom brought prosperity to valley farmers, it solidified the Mexican's role in the Salt River Valley as little more than a laborer. Valley cotton growers impressively managed all labor issues through a well-organized collective association. Over-recruitment and wage setting kept workers from collective bargaining for better wages. The cotton growers' hegemony crashed along with cotton prices in 1921. Though the industry recovered fairly quickly, the cotton growers faced a new challenge in the rising national clamor to restrict Mexican immigration to the U.S. Though growers fought restrictions in Congressional hearings throughout the decade, the economic crash of 1929 finally ended widespread Mexican immigration. By the time of the crash, most Mexicans who remained lived in the agricultural peripheries or scattered urban barrios.
Dissertation/Thesis
Ph.D. History 2012

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Chambati, Walter S. S. « Changing agrarian labour relations in Zimbabwe in the context of the fast track land reform ». Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26800.

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This thesis examined the evolution and transition of agrarian labour relations in the aftermath of Zimbabwe‘s radical land redistribution, which reconfigured the agrarian structure in terms of landholdings, production practices and labour markets from 2000. Despite the importance of agrarian labour as source of livelihood for the largely countryside based population, insufficient academic attention has been paid to its evolution following the land reforms. Specifically to the mobilisation, organisation and utilisation of wage and non-wage labour against background of the changed land ownership patterns, agrarian policies and macro-economic conditions. Historical-structural approaches rooted in Marxist Political Economy informed the analysis of the new agrarian labour relations since in former Settler colonies such as Zimbabwe these were based were based on a historical context of specific land-labour utilisation relations created by land dispossession and discriminatory agrarian policies during the colonial and immediate independence period. Beyond this, gender issues, intra-household relations, kinship, citizenship and the agency of the workers were taken into account to understand the trajectory of labour relations. Detailed quantitative and qualitative empirical research in Goromonzi and Kwekwe districts, as well as from other sources demonstrated that a new agrarian labour regime had evolved to replace the predominant wage labour in former large-scale commercial farms. There has been a growth in the use of self-employed family farm labour alongside the differentiated use of wage labour in farming and other non-farm activities. Inequitable gender and generational tendencies were evident in the new agrarian labour regime. The new labour relations are marked by the exploitation of farm workers through wages that are below the cost of social reproduction, insecure forms of employment and poor working conditions. While their individual and collective worker agency is yet to reverse their poor socio-economic conditions. Various policy interventions to protect their land and labour rights are thus required. The study shed light on the the conceptual understanding of agrarian labour relations in former Settler economies, including the role of land reforms in the development of employment, and how the peasantry with enlarged land access are reconstituted through repeasantisation and semi-proletarianisation processes.
Public Administration and Management
D. P. A.

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Urbisaglia, Gianluca. « Relazioni sindacali e rapporti di lavoro nel contesto economico-produttivo del settore agricolo ». Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/981995.

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L'obiettivo principale di questo lavoro di ricerca è quello di fornire il quadro e la qualità delle tutele offerte per il lavoro subordinato dalla specifica normativa giuslavoristica e dalla contrattazione collettiva di lavoro, alla luce dell'evoluzione economico-produttiva del settore agricolo. La Thesis che si vuole dimostrare è che nel settore primario le tutele scaturenti dalla normativa legale e pattizia dei rapporti di lavoro subordinato e il sistema di relazioni sindacali non risultano appropriati al sistema economico-produttivo né corrispondono alle esigenze di tutela dei lavoratori, dei datori di lavoro e delle strutture collettive del sistema padronale
The study explores and discusses the specific national framework of Labour Law and Labour relations system in the agricultural sector. The study reveals that the country has a quite exhaustive structure of labour legislation and collective bargaining but practically the labour laws and contractual protections are inappropriate in terms of effective tutelage of workers' needs and does not reflects the evolution of the agricultural sector and its heterogenity of products and markets. The CAP and particular Italian agro-industrial legislation have contributed to all this

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Griesbach, Kathleen. « Positional Uncertainty : Contingent Workers Seeking a Place in Unstable Times ». Thesis, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-p0p6-yy95.

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The rise of on-demand platform work typified by Uber has intensified a decades-long trend away from standard work relationships and toward contingent work structures, characterized by the unbounding of work in space and time. Yet many workers have always toiled outside of a traditional workplace and “standard” schedule. My dissertation examines how contingent workers in four different industries navigate unstable work schedules across unsettled work geographies, drawing on 120 interviews with agricultural and oil and gas workers in Texas and on-demand delivery workers and university adjuncts in New York City. Across these “old” and “new” cases of contingent work performed across rural and urban landscapes, work processes restructure space and time in such a way that workers do not know when, for how long, or where they will have work. I call this temporal and spatial instability positional uncertainty – repurposing an oilfield term for the inability to pinpoint precisely where one is at any given moment in the drilling process. The experience of positional uncertainty forces workers to subordinate the rhythms and geographies of their own lives to the temporal and spatial imperatives of their respective labor processes, leading to time struggle (unpaid periods of waiting or “zombie time” and overwork) and challenges in space (related to the bifurcation or unbounding, respectively, of the spaces of work and home). Workers respond, first, by doing boundary work, and second, by telling both critical and anchoring stories in attempts to bring coherence and meaning to the day-to-day and the long-term. The dissertation highlights the integral role of time and space in structuring social life, the active maneuvers by which workers struggle to re-configure time and space to produce coherence and make a life for themselves, and the short- and long-term costs of the transfer of risk onto workers through positional uncertainty. The strategic comparison reveals parallel strategies across disparate cases in response to the warping of time and space and illuminates how positional uncertainty exacerbates deep-set structural inequalities.

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Denniston, Ryan. « Causes and Impacts of Institutional and Structural Variation : Globalization in the Tobacco and Pork Industries ». Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/3039.

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Among the most significant changes to the agricultural sector in the twentieth century include a sharp decline in employment and the numbers of farms, a decline in the proportion of total value that accrues to agricultural producers, and an increase in farm level and regional specialization. Within the U.S., substantial differences in the characteristics of agricultural producers and the spatial distribution of production persist amid industry change. These changes coincided with changes in global markets, domestic consumption, consolidation and concentration within the processing and retailing sectors, and government policy. The causality that lies behind these developments is the key puzzle that this study addresses.

This study advances an institutional explanation of industry formation across locations within the U.S. Differences in industry constitution at the local level produce different impacts of and responses to global markets, reflected by economic changes and policy developments, as actors work to secure stability and advantage in markets (Fligstein 2001). This study uses the global value chains' definition of the industry, which incorporates the network of actors arrayed along a process of production, to capture the set of actors with the capacity to affect industry operation (Gereffi 1994). An assessment of the relative importance of local economic characteristics, global markets, organization and coordination within industries, and government policies to where production locates in the primary objective of the study.

The pork and non-cigar tobacco industries across several states within the United States from 1959 through 2005 allow for a contrast along the key changes identified above. Within case comparison is used to construct causal narratives of industry change at the state level. Panel and pooled time series analysis assess the relative importance the factors to agricultural change.

Local economic characteristics largely fade from significance with the inclusion of the theoretical perspectives. Total and net trade in agricultural and manufactured products is generally significant across industries for production, although this is not the case for specific tobacco types. The proportion of farms composed of small farms is significant for production and for farm structure in both industries. The presence of manufacture is significant for hog production and could not be assessed for tobacco. While federal policies are broadly significant for the tobacco industry, identified state policies exhibit few consistent effects for hog production. Importantly, farm structure measures were only available for Census years, which reduces sample size. Second, many of the measures are industry-specific, which reduces comparability.

Dissertation

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Dehaibi, Laura. « L'évolution de la protection de la liberté d'association des travailleurs agricoles salariés en droit international et en droit canadien ». Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8346.

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Cette étude traite des difficultés que rencontrent les travailleurs agricoles salariés dans l’exercice de leur droit à la liberté d’association et à la négociation collective. Ils sont souvent exclus des régimes législatifs nationaux de protection des droits syndicaux ou restreints dans leur capacité de les exercer en dépit du fait qu’ils sont parmi les plus pauvres et mal nourris de la planète et donc requerraient une protection accrue. Quelles sont les causes historiques de ce traitement discriminatoire (première partie) ? Comment le droit international du travail contribue-t-il à remédier à cette situation (deuxième partie) ? En quoi est-ce que le droit international du travail a-t-il influencé le droit interne canadien pour la protection des travailleurs agricoles salariés (troisième partie) ? Les causes du traitement singulier accordé à ces travailleurs remontent aux origines mêmes de l’agriculture. Consciente des caractéristiques particulières de cette activité, l’Organisation internationale du travail affirmera dès le début du 20e siècle qu’il est injustifié d’empêcher les travailleurs agricoles salariés de se syndiquer. Elle insiste sur la valeur fondamentale des droits syndicaux devant différents forums onusiens et favorise leur promotion à travers l’élaboration de normes du travail mais également d’instruments de soft law, considérés mieux adaptés dans un contexte contemporain de mondialisation. Ce droit international du travail influencera ensuite l’interprétation de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés par les tribunaux canadiens dans leur analyse de la constitutionnalité de l’exclusion totale ou partielle des travailleurs agricoles salariés des régimes législatifs de protection des droits syndicaux.
This study analyses the difficulties faced by agricultural workers exercising their rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining. These workers often find themselves excluded from national legislation providing for the protection of union rights, and when these rights are provided to them, their ability to exercise them is limited. Being amongst the poorest human beings on earth, agricultural workers would instead require stronger protection. What are the historical causes of this discriminatory treatment (part one) ? How has international labour law helped to correct this situation (part two) ? In what way did international labour law influence canadian domestic law in regard of the protection of wage earning agricultural workers (part three) ? The reasons for the singular treatment of this class of workers go back to agriculture’s very roots. Conscious of the particular characteristics of this activity, the International Labour Organisation asserted, at the very beginning of the 20th century, that no justification stood to limit the rights of agricultural workers to unionize. It later insisted on the fundamental value of union rights in front of diverse UN forums and favoured their promotion for agricultural workers through the elaboration of labour standards as well as extensive use of soft law tools, considered more suited to the globalised world. International labour law also contributed to the interpretation of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom by Canadian courts in their analysis of the constitutionality of total or partial exclusion of agricultural workers from legislation protecting union rights.

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Rautenbach, Johannes Jurie. « Die invloed van omgewingsveranderlikes op die werkskeppingspotensiaal van die landbousektor ». Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7579.

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M.A.
Die gewilde media skep die persepsie dat arbeid in die Iandbousektor ten gunste van meganisasie afgeskaal word. Die navorsingsvraag wat hieruit voortgespruit het, is die volgende: wat is die invloed van omgewingsveranderlikes op die werkskeppingspotensiaal van die Iandbousektor? Meganisasie word nie hier gesien as die veranderlike wat direk aanleiding gee tot die afname van werkgeleenthede in die Iandbousektor nie, maar dat Iaasgenoemde eerder die gevoig van bepaalde omgewingsveranderlikes soos onder andere, onlangse arbeidswetgewing is. Arbeidswetgewing word hier dus gesien as die oorsaak van 'n verlaging in die werkskeppingspotensiaal van die Iandbousektor terwyl meganisasie gesien word as die metode waardeur die Iandbousektor in reaksie op die arbeidswetgewing poog om sy ekonomiese oorlewing te verseker. 'n Newe effek hiervan is noodwendig 'n verlaagde werkskeppingspotensiaal in dielandbousektor. Gedurende die regeringstermyn van die huidige regering, is daar abeids- en ander wetgewing op die Iandbousektor van toepassing gemaak wat die vraag Iaat ontstaan wat die impak van hierdie soort veranderinge in die taakomgewing van die Iandbou-organisasie op die werkskeppingspotensiaal van hierdie sektor gaan wees. 'n Hipotese-stelling is soos voig geformuleer: 'n verandering in die taakomgewing van 'n organisasie, in hierdie geval die Suid-Afrikaanse Landbousektor, gaan noodwendig tot gevoig he dat die organisasie veranderinge sal moet aanbring om te kan oorleef. Hierdie veranderinge word geantisipeer in die rigting van 'n verlaging van die werkskeppingspotensiaal van die betrokke organisasie, in hierdie geval die landbousektor, te wees. Verandering is in die arbeids- en ander wetgewing wat op die landbousektor van toepassing is, aangebring. Daar word ook na ander invloede, soos misdaad, grondhervorming en klimatologiese veranderinge gekyk, om te bepaal of al hierdie faktore gesamentlik aanleiding gee tot die verlaging in die werk-skeppingspotensiaal van die landbousektor.

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