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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Agricultural laborers – Sicily (Italy) – History »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Agricultural laborers – Sicily (Italy) – History"

MASSETI, MARCO. « Pictorial evidence from medieval Italy of cheetahs and caracals, and their use in hunting ». Archives of Natural History 36, n^o 1 (avril 2009) : 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0260954108000600.

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Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) and caracals (Caracal caracal) have been used for hunting in the Near and the Middle East since antiquity. In Iran and India the caracal was mainly trained for hunting birds, but in Europe this practice was rare, and is documented only in southern Italy and Sicily by iconographic evidence as far back as the eleventh and twelfth centuries. However, no bone remains of the species have been found so far by the archaeozoological exploration of Italian medieval sites, nor are there any known literary references for the use of caracals for hunting.

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Schoolman, Edward M. « Reconceptualizing the Environmental History of Sixth-Century Italy and the Human-Driven Transformations of Its Landscapes ». Studies in Late Antiquity 6, n^o 4 (2022) : 707–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sla.2022.6.4.707.

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For much of Italy, the second half of the sixth century was fraught with danger: sporadic warfare, conquest, pandemic, and climate change, in addition to further crises catalyzed by these events such as famine and economic decline. While the impacts of these events are frequently recorded in written sources, sometimes in parallel with the archaeological records, a different story emerges from the fossil pollen records reflecting the ecology of human-managed landscapes. Taking two sites as case studies, a local perspective from Rieti in central Italy and a larger regional synthesis from Sicily, we see records that demonstrate the impact of different human drivers. The arrival of the Lombards and changing economic and administrative systems were the main factors in the transformation of landscapes during this period as local communities continued the management of their agricultural, pastoral, and silvicultural resources.

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Sarno, Stefania, Alessio Boattini, Marilisa Carta, Gianmarco Ferri, Milena Alù, Daniele Yang Yao, Graziella Ciani, Davide Pettener et Donata Luiselli. « An Ancient Mediterranean Melting Pot : Investigating the Uniparental Genetic Structure and Population History of Sicily and Southern Italy ». PLoS ONE 9, n^o 4 (30 avril 2014) : e96074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096074.

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Versaci, A., A. Lo Cascio, L. R. Fauzìa et A. Cardaci. « STUDIES FOR THE CONSERVATION AND VALORISATION OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL ROCK HERITAGE OF CALASCIBETTA IN SICILY, ITALY ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (24 juillet 2020) : 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-311-2020.

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Abstract. The rock settlement of Vallone Canalotto, which stands in the valleys surrounding the town of Calascibetta – about three kilometres north from Enna, Sicily, Italy – testify to a widespread population of the area from prehistoric times up to the Middle Ages, probably linked to the agricultural and pastoral exploitation of its fertile land. This valuable heritage, dug into very soft limestone banks, is now threatened by significant erosion and disruption phenomena, which, in the absence of adequate safeguarding and maintenance actions, will lead to a progressive loss of material and the consequent collapse of some portions, making the documentable traces more and more paltry. The archaeological complex demonstrates the continuity of the funerary use from the remotest ages to the early Christian era, as testified by the excavation of rupestrian columbaria. In the early medieval period, small rural communities used the hypogeal structures for residential and religious purposes. In the present work, integrated procedures have been put in place for the 3D documentation of these artefacts, whose effectiveness has already been tested by the same team in other Sicilian rock sites. The research aims at the knowledge and cataloguing of places, which are important for the Island’s history but to date only marginally explored. It intends to stimulate and plan adequate conservation and enhancement activities. To improve the attendance of the sites, design proposals have been developed to guarantee greater accessibility to the archaeological areas and their understanding by visitors.

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Odrin, Oleksandr. « Study of Olbia Agricultural History of 6th – 3rd Centuries BCE in the Light of Last Achievements of British and American Historiography of Antiquity ». Eminak, n^o 3(35) (13 novembre 2021) : 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33782/eminak2021.3(35).545.

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For a long time, Soviet and post-Soviet historiography tended to consider the ancient states of the Northern Black Sea region to some extent separately from the rest of the Greek world and ignore the theoretical achievements of British and American historiography of antiquity, specifically, in various areas of the ancient Greek economy. Meanwhile, the use of the findings of European and American scholars looks rather promising as a result of created innovative concepts and the involvement of a range of various written, epigraphic, and archaeological sources concerning the whole Greek world, and not just one of its parts. It is the subject to the agrarian history of ancient Greece as well. In recent decades, the ideas of scholars who prefer to consider ancient Greek agriculture not as static but as a dynamic system open to innovations have become more common. Progressive changes included 1) improving crop rotations; 2) cooperation between crop cultivation and animal husbandry, and 3) intensification of labor through the active use of ‘slave’ labor resources. Such innovations in agricultural technique, according to many scholars, were implemented primarily in lands where conditions differed from those familiar to Greeks. Those, in particular, were ‘overseas’ territories, where natural conditions were markedly different from the metropolis. Especially it was true of the steppe territories of the Black Sea region from Dobrudzha to the Kuban region, in particular, the Lower Buh region, where climate, soil, and natural vegetation were absolutely unlike the Balkans or Asia Minor. First of all, it is necessary to study the issue of the interaction between the crop cultivation and animal husbandry of Olbia and the history of slave relations in the polis. A comparative analysis of materials from the western and eastern Greek colonies, in particular from southern Italy and Sicily on the one hand and the Northern Black Sea region on the other, should also be carried out. Using of theoretical achievements of British and American historiography of ancient Greek agriculture while studying the economic history of Olbia in general and its agricultural component, in particular, looks very promising. This will contribute to a fuller and more comprehensive understanding of the accumulated archaeological, archeobiological, and epigraphic materials. On the other hand, such an understanding is needed in the verification of these hypotheses themselves, giving the opportunity to confirm, modify, or even deny them.

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Brandmayr, Enrico, Franco Vaccari et Giuliano Francesco Panza. « Neo-deterministic seismic hazard assessment of Corsica-Sardinia block ». Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali 33, n^o 1 (18 octobre 2021) : 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12210-021-01033-w.

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AbstractThe Corsica-Sardinia lithospheric block is commonly considered as a region of very low seismicity and the scarce reported seismicity for the area has till now precluded the reliable assessment of its seismic hazard. The time-honored assumption has been recently questioned and the historical seismicity of Sardinia has been reevaluated. Even more, several seismogenic nodes capable of M5 + have been recognized in the Corsica-Sardinia block exploiting the morphostructural zonation technique, calibrated to earlier results obtained for the Iberian peninsula, which has structural lithospheric affinities with the Corsica-Sardinia block. All this allows now for the computation of reliable earthquake hazard maps at bedrock conditions exploiting the power of Neo Deterministic Seismic Hazard Assessment (NDSHA) evaluation. NDSHA relies upon the fundamental physics of wave generation and propagation in complex geologic structures and generates realistic time series from which several earthquake ground motion parameters can be readily extracted. NDSHA exploits in an optimized way all the available knowledge about lithospheric mechanical parameters, seismic history, seismogenic zones and nodes. In accordance with continuum mechanics, the tensor nature of earthquake ground motion is preserved computing realistic signals using structural models obtained by tomographic inversion and earthquake source information readily available in literature. The way to this approach has been open by studies focused on continental Italy and Sicily, where the agreement between hazard maps obtained using seismogenic zones, informed by earthquake catalog data, and the maps obtained using only seismogenic nodes are very good.

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Joannin, S., E. Brugiapaglia, J. L. de Beaulieu, L. Bernardo, M. Magny, O. Peyron, S. Goring et B. Vannière. « Pollen-based reconstruction of Holocene vegetation and climate in southern Italy : the case of Lago Trifoglietti ». Climate of the Past 8, n^o 6 (7 décembre 2012) : 1973–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1973-2012.

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Abstract. A high-resolution pollen record from Lago Trifoglietti in Calabria (southern Italy) provides new insights into the paleoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic changes which characterise the Holocene period in the southern Italy. The chronology is based on 11 AMS radiocarbon dates from terrestrial organic material. The Holocene history of the vegetation cover shows the persistence of an important and relatively stable Fagus forest present over that entire period, offering a rare example of a beech woodstand able to withstand climate changes for more than 11 000 yr. Probably in relation with early Holocene dry climate conditions which affected southern Italy, the Trifoglietti pollen record supports a southward delay in thermophyllous forest expansion dated to ca. 13 500 cal BP at Monticchio, ca. 11 000 cal BP at Trifoglietti, and finally ca. 9800 cal BP in Sicily. Regarding the human impact history, the Trifoglietti pollen record shows only poor imprints of agricultural activities and anthopogenic indicators, apart from those indicating pastoralism activities beneath forest cover. The selective exploitation of Abies appears to have been the strongest human impact on the Trifoglietti surroundings. On the basis of (1) a specific ratio between hygrophilous and terrestrial taxa, and (2) the Modern Analogue Technique, the pollen data collected at Lago Trifoglietti led to the establishment of two palaeoclimatic records tracing changes in (1) lake depth and (2) annual precipitation. On a millennial scale, these records give evidence of increasing moisture from ca. 11 000 to ca. 9400 cal BP and maximum humidity from ca. 9400 to ca. 6200 cal BP, prior to a general trend towards the drier climate conditions that have prevailed up to the present. In addition, several successive centennial-scale oscillations appear to have punctuated the entire Holocene. The identification of a cold dry event around 11 300 cal BP, responsible for a marked decline in timberline altitude and possibly equivalent to the PBO, remains to be confirmed by further investigations verifying both chronology and magnitude. Two cold and possibly drier Boreal oscillations developed at ca. 9800 and 9200 cal BP. At Trifoglietti, the 8.2 kyr event corresponds to the onset of cooler and drier climatic conditions which persisted until ca. 7500 cal BP. Finally, the second half of the Holocene was characterised by dry phases at ca. 6100–5200, 4400–3500, and 2500–1800 cal BP, alternating with more humid phases at ca. 5200–4400 and ca. 3500–2500 cal BP. Considered as a whole, these millennial-scale trends and centennial-scale climatic oscillations support contrasting patterns of palaeohydrological changes recognised between the north- and south-central Mediterranean.

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Joannin, S., E. Brugiapaglia, J. L. de Beaulieu, L. Bernardo, M. Magny, O. Peyron et B. Vannière. « Pollen-based reconstruction of Holocene vegetation and climate in Southern Italy : the case of Lago di Trifoglietti ». Climate of the Past Discussions 8, n^o 3 (15 juin 2012) : 2223–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-8-2223-2012.

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Abstract. A high-resolution pollen record from Lake Trifoglietti in Calabria (Southern Italy) provides new insights into the paleoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic changes which characterise the Holocene period in the Southern Italy. The chronology is based on 11 AMS radiocarbon dates from terrestrial macro-remains. The Holocene history of the vegetation cover shows the persistence of an important and relatively stable Fagus forest present over that entire period, offering a rare example of a woodstand able to withstand climate changes for more than 11 000 yr. Probably in relation with early Holocene dry climate conditions which affected Southern Italy, the Trifoglietti pollen record supports a southward delay in thermophilous forest expansion dated to ca. 13 500 cal. BP at Monticchio, ca. 11 000 cal. BP at Trifoglietti, and finally ca. 9800 cal. BP in Sicily. Regarding the human impact history, the Trifoglietti pollen record shows only poor imprints of agricultural activities and anthopogenic indicators, apart from those indicating pastoralism activities beneath forest cover. The selective exploitation of Abies appears to have been the strongest human impact on the Trifoglietti surroundings. On the basis of (1) a specific ratio between hygrophilous and terrestrial taxa, and (2) the modern analogue technique, the pollen data collected at Lake Trifoglietti led to the establishment of two palaeoclimatic records tracing changes in (1) lake depth and (2) annual precipitation. On a millennial scale, these records give evidence of increasing moisture from ca. 11 000 to ca. 9400 cal. BP and maximum humidity from ca. 9400 to ca. 6200 cal. BP, prior to a general trend towards the drier climate conditions that have prevailed up to the present. In addition, several successive centennial-scale oscillations appear to have punctuated the entire Holocene. The identification of a cold dry event around 11 300 cal. BP, responsible for a marked decline in timberline altitude and possibly equivalent to the PBO, remains to be confirmed by further investigations verifying both chronology and magnitude. Two cold and possibly drier Boreal oscillations developed at ca. 9800 and 9200 cal. BP. At Trifoglietti, the 8.2 kyr event corresponded at Trifoglietti to the onset of cooler and drier climatic conditions which persisted until ca. 7500 cal. BP. Finally, the second half of the Holocene was characterised by dry phases at ca. 6100–5200, 4400–3500, and 2500–1800 cal. BP, alternating with more humid phases at ca. 5200–4400 and ca. 3500–2500 cal. BP. Considered as a whole, these millennial-scale trends and centennial-scale climatic oscillations support contrasting patterns of palaeohydrological changes recognised between the North- and South-Central Mediterranean.

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Becci, Vittoria. « The Shape of the Land Reform : Palermo 1960 ». McGill GLSA Research Series 1, n^o 1 (22 novembre 2021) : 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/glsars.v1i1.146.

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The constitutional land reform in Italy, which took place in the 1950s, was accompanied by profound changes that affected not only the countryside, but cities as well. The reform was mainly addressed toward the south, il mezzogiorno, and Sicily in particular where the reform was intended to affect all cities in the region. On the one hand this was a social change dictated by the new constitutional principles, such as redistribution and employment increment in the agricultural sector. On the other hand, an economic boom complemented the redistribution, especially in the building sector. This combination was a main force in dictating the shape and the form of the cities during those years. Sicily’s main city, Palermo, experienced a major “restyling” during the twenty years that followed the reform. The depopulation of the historic city centre, due to the WWII bombings, provided an opportunity to think about new urban areas. Contrary to what was expected, a dark chapter in the history of Italian urbanization unfolded: the so-called Sacco di Palermo. The city was “ravaged” by property speculation, illegal constructions, and it was aesthetically deprived of its identity by the demolition of entire art nouveau districts and 18th century buildings which were later replaced with tower blocks. These real and concrete consequences are part of a network of connections through which law creates space, connections that this paper aims to study by shifting the perspective by asking: how does space create law? and how architecture regulates society? It takes Palermo as case study, in order to study spaces that the law creates intentionally and unintentionally. In giving a shape to the law, this paper aims to take into consideration urban spaces that will help to better understand how the idea and the definition of law relate to space, to cities and its main actors especially in terms of redistribution and property.

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Poos, L. R., Angus J. L. Winchester, Jan de Vries, J. H. Andrews, George Revill, Denis Cosgrove, Peter Musgrave et al. « Review of The Commercialisation of English Society 1000-1500, by R. H. Britnell ; The West Midlands in the Early Middle Ages, by Margaret Gelling ; Land, Labour and Livestock : Historical Studies in European Agricultural Productivity, by Bruce M. S. Campbell and Mark Overton ; Maps, Land and Society : a History, with a Carto-bibliography of Campbridgeshire Estate Maps, c. 1600-1836, by A. Sarah Bendall ; The Myths of the English, by Roy Porter ; The Victorians and Renaissance Italy, by Hilary Fraser ; An Island for Itself : Economic Development and Social Change in late Medieval Sicily, by Stefan R. Epstein ; The Village of Cannibals : Rage and Murder in France, 1870, by Alain Corbin ; The European Experience of Declining Fertility : A Quiet Revolution 1850-1970, by John R. Gillis, Louise A. Tilly and David Levine ; "Secret Judgements of God" : Old World Disease in Colonial Spanish America, by Noble David Cook and W. George Lovell ; Slave Society in the Danish West Indies, by B. W. Higman ; Discovered Lands, Invented Pasts : Transforming Visions of the American West, by Jules David Brown ; "It's Your Misfortune and None of My Own" : A History of the American West, by Richard White ; Nineteenth-Century Cape Breton : A Historical Geography, by Stephen J. Hornsby ; Derelict Landscapes : The Wasting of America's Built Environment, by John A. Jakle and David Wilson ; Building Cities that Work, by Edmund P. Fowler ; The Landscape of Modernity : Essays on New York City, 1900-1940, by David Ward and Oliver Zunz ; Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400-1600, by John Thornton ; Women's Orients : English Woman and the Middle East, 1718-1918 : Sexuality, Religion and Work, by Billie Melman ; Mary Kingsley : Imperial Adventuress, by Dea Birkett ; Antartica : Exploration, Perception and Metaphor, by Paul Simpson-Housley ; The Geography of Power in Medieval Japan, by Thomas Keirstead ; The Scattering Time : Turkhana Response to Colonial Rule, by John Lamphear ». Journal of Historical Geography 19, n^o 3 (juillet 1993) : 345–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhge.1993.1023.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Agricultural laborers – Sicily (Italy) – History"

SCIACCHITANO, Grazia. « I dannati del Sud : braccianti siciliani ed andalusi dal 1946 ad oggi ». Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/59026.

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Defence date: 18 settembre 2018
Examining Board: Prof.ssa Lucy Riall, European University Institute (Relatore EUI); Prof.ssa Regina Grafe, European University Institute; Prof.ssa Marta Petrusewicz, Università della Calabria; Prof. Marcial Sánchez Mosquera, Università di Siviglia
My Ph.D. dissertation shows the centrality of landless labourers in the shaping of Italian and Spanish history of the 1950s and 1960s. In both Italy and Spain before the beginning of the reform period of the 1950s, high rates of unemployment and low incomes for the majority of small peasants and rural labourers coexisted alongside large areas of uncultivated land in the hands of a few owners. I argue that aiming to solve these problems both governments implemented a southern model of rural change. This model entailed diminishing the workforce of the countryside together with the industrialization of the rural system, to create a model of efficient and productive agriculture. In this context, the rural labourers become protagonists of change. They claimed the right to work, demanding the full use of the uncultivated land in order to increase occupation, and labour rights in line with those of industrial workers. For them it was not a question of land ownership but of labour rights. While the labourers pushed for a regulation of their working conditions, plans implemented by both governments led to a general decrease of the rural population but, at the same time, a steady percentage increase of rural labourers in the southern regions. Indeed, rural labourers replaced peasants, and a new model of rural economy was set up, that of farming business based on labourers.
Chapters III 'Piani di stato e la risposta delle sinistre' and V '“El caballo por el land rover”: gli effetti delle riforme sul territorio' draw upon an earlier version published as an article 'Rural development and changing labour relations in Italy and Spain in the 1950s and 1960s' (2017) in the journal 'Comparativ'

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Livres sur le sujet "Agricultural laborers – Sicily (Italy) – History"

Ercole, Ongaro, dir. Camera del lavoro e lotte nelle campagne cremonesi. Milano, Italy : F. Angeli, 1985.

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Grundpacht und Lohnarbeit in der Landwirtschaft des römischen Italien. Frankfurt, a. M : Lang, 1994.

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Lanconelli, Angela. Terra, acque e lavoro nella Viterbo medievale. Roma : Istituto storico italiano per il Medio Evo, 1992.

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Ball, Molly C. Navigating Life and Work in Old Republic São Paulo. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401667.001.0001.

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This book examines the experiences of São Paulo’s diverse working class as they encountered rapid urbanization and industrialization brought on by the coffee boom during Brazil’s Old Republic (1891–1930). It places the rank-and-file at the center of its analysis to understand how macroeconomic trends connected to daily life and individual and family responses to labor market discrimination, inflation, and fluctuating (im)migration. The study emphasizes the family-centered nature of immigration to São Paulo in comparison to other immigrant cities like Buenos Aires and New York City. It shows how World War I exacerbated existing working-class hierarchies and cut short important standard-of-living advancements. The study demonstrates how despite its intended purpose to funnel agricultural laborers into the coffee interior, the city’s immigrant receiving station also played a decisive role in shaping the city of São Paulo, serving both as a safety net for residents and labor supplier for employers. Methodologically, this book embraces both social and economic history, deconstructing the population along racial, ethnic, national, and gender lines. Combining statistical analysis alongside close readings of immigrant letters provides a nuanced analysis of recently arrived Paulistanos from Italy, Portugal, Germany, Lebanon, and Japan and from northeastern Brazil. The research demonstrates how Portuguese, women, and Afro-Brazilians all faced significant labor market discrimination, impacting individual and family decisions about where to work and live and whether to join labor movements. The approach provides a powerful tool to address archival silences, recover embedded narratives, and understand historic underdevelopment.

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