Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Agricultural innovations – Italy – 19th century »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Agricultural innovations – Italy – 19th century"
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Cecchi, Alberto, Alessio Passerini et Daniele Salvestrini. « The Suspension Iron Bridge of the Early 19th Century Villa Borghese in Florence (Italy) ». Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (octobre 2010) : 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.143.
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Between the 1825 and the 1828, Antonio Carcopino, an engineer, designed a suspension iron cable bridge: this fact shows the interest of the Borghese family for the technological innovations of the 18th and of 19th century.
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SANNA, EMANUELE, et MARIA ENRICA DANUBIO. « SEASONALITY OF MARRIAGES IN SARDINIAN PASTORAL AND AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITIES IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY ». Journal of Biosocial Science 40, no 4 (juillet 2008) : 577–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932007002684.
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SummaryThe study of marriage seasonality of populations with different socioeconomic backgrounds may contribute to the better understanding their reproductive behaviours. This study analyses the monthly distribution of marriages in the 19th century in four agricultural villages and four pastoral villages on the island of Sardinia (Italy). The data were derived from 7340 marriage acts (3571 for the four agricultural villages and 3769 for the four pastoral villages). The aim is to ascertain whether the Sardinian agricultural and pastoral communities followed the matrimonial models reported for contemporary Italy and Europe and whether there was a change in the monthly distribution of marriages between the two halves of the 19th century. The results suggest that the marriage seasonality of the Sardinian farmers and shepherds was very similar to the patterns shown in the 19th century by Italian and European agricultural and pastoral communities. The Sardinian farmers preferred to marry in autumn–winter, while the Sardinian shepherds had a very high concentration of marriages in summer–autumn. Both communities avoided marriages in the Advent and Easter periods and in the month of May (dedicated to the Virgin Mary), and the farmers also in August (also dedicated to the Virgin Mary). Despite a certain seasonal stability, there was a significant change in the monthly distribution of marriages between the two halves of the 19th century in both the agricultural and pastoral communities, probably due to a series of laws that transformed the centuries-old socioeconomic system of Sardinia in the second half of the century.
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Shueller, John K. « In the Service of Abundance ». Mechanical Engineering 122, no 08 (1 août 2000) : 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2000-aug-3.
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This article focuses on the role of agriculture mechanization in the growth process in different fields. Many innovations in agricultural mechanization occurred in the middle of the 19th century. Agricultural mechanization is often exemplified by the development of the tractor. A key figure in the development of tractors was a Michigan farm boy who first became interested in technology when he saw a large steam traction engine. The adoption of the gasoline tractor was aided significantly by successful demonstrations and tests. The many 20th-century advancements in machinery to till soil, plant, remove weeds, and apply fertilizers and pesticides are too numerous to discuss here. However, at least harvesting equipment should be discussed because its mechanization trailed only tractors in importance. Cyrus McCormick’s reaper replaced human-powered cutting tools in small grains with a horse-drawn machine in the 19th century.
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Lazrus, Paula Kay. « Land Use and Social Dynamics in Early 19th Century Bova, Calabria ». Land 11, no 10 (18 octobre 2022) : 1832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101832.
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While interest in land use in the prehistoric periods in Italy has received attention, that cannot be said of the Post-Medieval period. The general view is that all activities and objects from the last 300–500 years or so are so indecipherable from their contemporary counterparts and that there is no need to study them. There is, in fact, very little Post-Medieval archaeological work done in the south of Italy, which is the focus of this paper. The landscape of southern Calabria has changed radically over the centuries. The distribution of dense macchia forests was diminished in the late 18th and 19th centuries for building railroads and ships, and more recently, arson has been used as social or political revenge. The removal of the macchia led to erosional landscapes and the loss of archaeological footprints. This paper explores agricultural practices and forest exploitation in the early 19th and 20th centuries by the citizens of Bova to better understand the social and economic dynamics that continue to influence the lives of people living in the community. It utilizes cadastral records, archival documents from the early 1800–1900s, and spatial analysis to better understand the potential economic and social dynamics in this community. Consideration is also given to how social status and power, represented by Church-owned vs. lay citizen-owned properties, was reflected in local land use. The overall paucity of archaeological materials from this period across the landscape supports and complicates the overall picture while also supporting an interpretation of a very local and insular community poorly integrated into the greater Italian economy of the day.
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Bavaresco, Luigi, et Cecilia Squeri. « Outlook on disease resistant grapevine varieties ». BIO Web of Conferences 44 (2022) : 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20224406001.
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Breeding programs for disease resistance were developed from the 19th century on, in both the old (Europe) and new world as a way to promote sustainable viticulture. The main results of breeding, in terms of disease resistance and grape (and wine) quality are described, ranging from the first American hybrids to the most recent varieties. The activity of some representative breeders is discussed and the current situation in Italy is reported. Productive, legislative, and commercial aspects for wine production are considered, especially for European Union where the wine sector is strongly regulated. The perspectives of breeding for disease resistance are discussed, including the new breeding techniques (Nbt) like cis-genesis and genome editing. The importance to interact with the society to make acceptable these innovations is emphasized. While less acceptance problems are expected with table grapes, raisins or rootstocks, more concerns might arise with wine grapes. The role of science is to give the legislator tools to cope with sustainability and to educate the society (from the grape grower to the wine consumer) to a correct understanding. Innovations can be a real advantage only if they are accepted by all the actors of the wine chain.
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DANUBIO, MARIA ENRICA, LEANDRO DI DONATO, FRANCESCO VECCHI et ALFREDO COPPA. « NATALITY AND THE CHANGING PATTERN OF SEASONALITY OF BIRTHS IN THE PROVINCE OF TERAMO (ABRUZZO, ITALY : 1500–1871) ». Journal of Biosocial Science 35, no 3 (juillet 2003) : 321–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932003003213.
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Reconstruction of human ecosystems and their stability over time provides knowledge of the processes of adaptability developed by isolated communities. Seasonality of vital events is a good indicator of the effects of different ‘traditional’ lifestyles, which in turn depend on the ecological context in which a population developed specific subsistence models. Seasonality of births reflects the cultural attitude towards the best time to conceive, in relation to work activities and loads; the latter may also affect physiological functions related to fertility. The present research concerns gross birth rates and seasonality of births and conceptions during four centuries in south-central Italy. Birth rates were between 33·0 and 36·5 per 1000. The pattern of seasonality of births and, by extension, of conceptions defines a southern-type agricultural area for the earlier periods. However, it also shows a progressive shift towards an increasing concentration of conceptions in spring–summer – namely from April to August – with a large increase in summer in the 19th century with respect to the previous periods. The new 19th century pattern is reported by Crisafulli, Dalla Zuanna & Solero (2000) as being representative of the central Adriatic region, a geographical classification to which Abruzzo can also be attributed.
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Komandzhaev, Alexandr N., Badma V. Sangadzhiev et Evgeniy A. Komandzhaev. « Калмыцкая степь Астраханской губернии в конце XIX в. (по новым архивным материалам) ». Oriental studies 15, no 2 (15 juillet 2022) : 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2022-60-2-259-269.
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Introduction. The article introduces into scientific circulation newly discovered archival materials and analyzes actual conditions in Kalmyk Steppe of Astrakhan Governorate in the late 19th century. The issue remains topical enough, which results from its poor historiographic tradition: only a few works have been published in the modern period just to outline some fragmentary aspects. In addition, interdisciplinary, civilizational and cultural approaches are urgently needed to address this theme. Goals. The work attempts a complex characterization of Kalmyk uluses and Kalmyk society in the late 19th century. The former shall be instrumental in defining traditional features and identifying the degree of introduction of new phenomena in socioeconomic development of the region. So, the paper provides data on quite a range of aspects inherent to Kalmyk life. The chronological framework of the study (late 19th century) is well justified: the Kalmyks had spent almost 300 years within Russia’s borders, which makes it possible to determine the degree of preservation of traditional essentials and identify the influence of innovations. Materials and methods. The work employs a set of general scientific and special historical research methods. Special attention is paid to the principles of historicism and systemacity helpful in analyzing events from over 100 years ago and considering the latter in connection with other aspects of Kalmyk social life. Interdisciplinary and civilizational approaches make it possible to present objective accounts of complex processes. The mentioned documents are stored at the Russian State Historical Archive and the National Archive of Kalmykia. The former are mainly represented by consolidated annual reports of Astrakhan Governor describing actual conditions in Kalmyk Steppe — a special administrative and territorial unit of Astrakhan Governorate. Results. The paper analyzes the reports for data on territory and population of Kalmyk Steppe, economy and social structure of Kalmyk society, school and medical aid systems. It also stresses accounts of Astrakhan Kalmyks’ moral appearances by Astrakhan officials. Conclusions. The study shows that Astrakhan Kalmyks were still a traditional nomadic society at the turn of the 20th century. Their livelihood was based on extensive nomadic livestock breeding with the same species and breeds as 300 years ago, though some innovations had been perceived (occasional winter forage conservation, construction of permanent buildings in some localities). All needs of Kalmyks were fully satisfied with their own farmsteads. The innovations included attempts to engage in agricultural activities in suitable areas of Maloderbetovsky Ulus next to resettled Russian peasants, and the involvement of Kalmyk communities in market relations.
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Dorneanu, Mihai. « Innovation and opportunity in Romanian agricultural policies : from the agrarian reform in the 19th century to the digital era ». Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 15, no 1 (1 décembre 2021) : 560–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2021-0051.
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Abstract In the current global context, agriculture should develop both interdisciplinary and intradisciplinary. Digitalization and innovation represent the key drivers of evolution. Agriculture must become more flexible and adaptable to the current challenges, integrating eco-friendly solutions that can maintain production at optimal capacity for a longer period. This paper aims to review the Romanian agricultural policies from the 19th century to the present, bringing perspective on the international practices and focusing on the technological innovations that occurred in the past years. The research follows the evolution of agriculture on the European agenda. There are now new challenges imposed by the need for modernization and reconfiguration of farming into an integrated system with performance parameters and development routes. Romania has followed the trends and implemented several policies which aim to help farmers integrate the new technologies into their day-to-day work.
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Poznyak, Tatiana. « Far East at the Beginning of the 20th Century (1901 — February 1917) ». ISTORIYA, E21 (2021) : 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840017325-6.
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The beginning of the 20th century in the Russian Far East — a time of rapid changes, the main role in this was played by global trends — the introduction of technical innovations in all spheres of human life and activities — and the Russian state policy to stimulate resettlement of peasants and development of the region. The construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway, which began at the end of the 19th century and ended at the beginning of the 20th century, not only connected the Far Eastern outskirts with the European Russia, but also gave impetus to the resettlement and agricultural development of the region, the development of new industries and the technical re-equipment of the mining and manufacturing industries, trade and providing the population of the region with everyday goods, etc. The growth of the population of the Far Eastern cities was accompanied by changes in the urban environment, the living conditions of the townspeople, the intensification of public initiatives in the field of culture, education, leisure, charity, scientific study of the region, etc.
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Zhurbin, Igor Vital'evich, Nikolay Viktorovich Pislegin et Vladimir Sergeevich Churakov. « An Industrial Enterprise in an Agrarian Region : The Influence on the Population Dispersal and Migration System (a Case of Pudem Iron Works, the 18th-19th Centuries) ». Историческая информатика, no 3 (mars 2021) : 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2585-7797.2021.3.36140.
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A feature of the Ural mining districts which developed in the second half of the 18th-19th centuries was that new industrial production was locally "introduced" into the existing agricultural settling system. To build a plant a new undeveloped plot was taken. The main criteria were the excess to natural resources necessary for manufacturing and transport routes. According to this principle many iron works and copper works were built in Udmurtiya. Pudem Iron Works were a case too. The main task was to evaluate the impact of the emerging innovations in economic activity on regional development. The formation of the settlement network was found in maps, written and statistical sources of the 17th-20th centuries. Historical data are used that demonstrate the initial stage of settlement, the period when Pudem Iron Works were in its prime and the years of decreasing manufacturing intensity. The use of historical maps demanded their transformation to a modern topological basis and the need to analyze the dynamics of the territory development required the construction of a geoinformation system of settlements. A comprehensive analysis provided for correlating the trends in the formation of a settlements network with migration processes. The initial formation of Udmurt agrarian settlements was influenced by external migrations. Cheptsa banks (the main river of the region) were the first to be developed. Later the banks of its tributaries were settled. After the first wave of external migrations the "oldest" settlements became the centers of internal settlement. Internal migrations occurred until the end of the 19th century. The analysis of the territory settlement dynamics has demonstrated that the creation of Pudem Iron Works (1758) practically did not affect the settling system of the region. Until the beginning of the 20th century the industrial component in the region was limited to the ironworks district and its nearest district. A characteristic feature of the 19th century is the external and internal migration of the Russian population. But at the same time the newly created settlements focused exclusively on the agricultural system of economy.
Thèses sur le sujet "Agricultural innovations – Italy – 19th century"
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PAZZAGLI, Rossano. « Scuole d'agricoltura e poderi sperimentali : agronomia, istruzione e progresso tecnico nella prima metà dell'800 ». Doctoral thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5933.
Texte intégralLivres sur le sujet "Agricultural innovations – Italy – 19th century"
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Henzell, Ted. Australian Agriculture. CSIRO Publishing, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643094659.
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Agriculture in Australia has had a lively history. The first European settlers in 1788 brought agricultural technologies with them from their homelands, influencing early practices in Australia. Wool production dominated the 19th century, while dairying grew rapidly during the first half of the 20th century.
Despite having one of the driest landscapes in the world, Australia has been successful in adapting agricultural practices to the land, and these innovations in farming are explained in this well-researched volume.
Focusing on the technologies that the farmers and graziers actually used, this book follows the history of each of the major commodities or groups of commodities to the end of the 20th century: grain crops, sheep and wool, beef and dairy, working bullocks and horses, sugar, cotton, fruit and vegetables, and grapes and wine. Major issues facing the various agricultural enterprises as they enter the 21st century are also discussed.
Written in a readable style to suit students of history, social sciences and agriculture, Australian Agriculture will also appeal to professionals in the industry and those with a general interest in Australian sociology and history.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Agricultural innovations – Italy – 19th century"
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Bauer, Martin. « Die Agrarwirtschaft. Eine Agrarrevolution in Raten ». Dans Niederösterreich im 19. Jahrhundert, Band 1 : Herrschaft und Wirtschaft. Eine Regionalgeschichte sozialer Macht, 611–44. NÖ Institut für Landeskunde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52035/noil.2021.19jh01.26.
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Agriculture. Delayed Agricultural Revolution. This chapter traces the temporal-spatial course of agricultural development in the long 19th century. The labour-intensive and production-enhancing innovations of the “first agricultural revolution” began in the Alpine foothills as early as 1800, under feudal conditions. The expanding metropolis of Vienna and its immediate surroundings were also characterized by intensive formsof cultivation and a pronounced regional specialization at that time. On the other hand, large parts of the arable land in eastern Lower Austria were only intensified from the end of the 19th century onwards. One obstacle here was the competition of Hungarian and Moravian agricultural producers on the Viennese market. As Lower Austria enjoyed locational advantages in the case of perishable products, milk production played an important role in the agricultural intensification. Prerequisites were stronger demand from Vienna and the technological improvements in transportation. Due to this development spurt, agricultural production in Lower Austria began to grow significantly towards the end of the period under investigation.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Agricultural innovations – Italy – 19th century"
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Romano, Lia. « Architecture and Proto Industry. Watermills in the historic peri-urban landscape of Benevento (Italy) ». Dans HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage : Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.14567.
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The landscape of Benevento is historically characterised by the presence of vernacular architectures which exploited the driving power of water for productive purposes. The abundance of watercourses and natural resources coupled with the large quantity of agricultural products enabled the development of a real proto-industrial centre, which was particularly active in southern Italy between the 18th and 19th centuries. Production activities linked to the manufacture of textiles and leather were flanked by a dense system of watermills. Situated in the proximity of the city walls and the city's main rivers, such watermills and their inherent complex network of canals have shaped the historic peri-urban landscape of the city over centuries.Thanks to the availability of numerous historical maps and archival drawings of mills, a link can be established between the past and what is currently visible in the area. The recognition of the physical traces of the mills and of the remains of the water adduction system deepens the knowledge of an unresolved strip of city territory that still retains a peri-urban character, being delimited on one side by the historic walls and on the other by the 20th century expansion of the city.In light of these considerations, this paper offers a new contribution to the study of the proto-industrial architectural heritage of Benevento, focusing on the interpretation of material traces of the past: their recognition will strengthen the identity of this part of the city.