Thèses sur le sujet « Affective discourse »

Scholars have recently begun to reconsider the importance of emotions, suggesting that they are cultural constructions integral to human identity and social life. Most of these studies, however, have ignored the medieval period, focusing instead on the "civilizing process"--that is, the supposed development of social etiquette and self-restraint--that is assumed to have begun in the early modern period. This dissertation demonstrates that emotion was in fact a complex identity discourse well before the Renaissance and was fundamental to the construction of pre-modern social categories like gender. Exploring four masculine communities--clergymen, knights, university students, and merchants--I show that each community was shaped and constrained by a particular emotional ethos. Middle English poets were keenly aware of these constraints and their work often challenged the culture's emotional regimes. I focus on literary texts from the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries because they were created during a time of heightened emphasis on the role of the emotions in shaping selves and communities. In the years after the Black Death, England witnessed significant demographic shifts and economic volatility that resulted in dramatic transformations in the nation's social landscape. Peasant rebellion, labor shortages, migrant clergy, and an influx of foreign merchants radically altered the structure of English society during these years. As a result, the institutions and ideologies that defined English masculine identity began changing in ways not seen before. Poets not surprisingly turned to the lexicon of emotion to negotiate these disruptions; in so doing, they offered English men new ways of understanding themselves in the face of rapid cultural change. The chapters examine a range of Middle English poems--the Alliterative Morte Arthure, St. Erkenwald, Chaucer's Reeve's Tale, and Lydgate's Bycorne and Chychevache--that illuminate particular emotions (anger, compassion, grief, and sorrow) and their significance to codes of masculinity. I argue that these four texts radically revised the forms and meanings of masculine emotional identity and community. This dissertation demonstrates that Middle English poets recognized the transformative potential inherent in the lexicon of emotion and used it to reshape their audiences' understanding of critical cultural problems. The years from the 1350s to the 1450s were important not only in the emerging tradition of poetry in English, but also for the development of the language and psychology of emotion. As poets tried to come to terms with great social changes, they molded and manipulated the discourse of emotion to interrogate what it meant to be a man in late medieval England. Affective Communities reveals the importance of emotions as markers of gender and community and shows literature's role in responding to and imagining social change.

L'émotion tient indéniablement une place primordiale dans la construction du discours médiatique post-attentat. Elle a fait l'objet d'étude d'une multitude de recherches linguistiques s'intéressant aussi bien à la catégorisation lexicale de celle-ci qu'aux différentes structures actantielles. Nous proposons cette réflexion sur les observables de l'émotion de peur dans le discours journalistique en assurant la prise en compte des dimensions grammaticales et sémio-narratives de la peur et ses modes de sémiotisation.Notre thèse, pour l'essentiel, sera centrée sur les modalités de manifestation de l'émotion suscitée par les attaques du 13 novembre à Paris dans le discours journalistique parisienne et national. La presse, lorsqu'elle aborde la terreur d'un acte terroriste, fait appel à des outils à caractère aussi bien informatif qu'immersif. Le journal se trouve donc pris entre une contrainte de crédibilité et d'objectivité d'une part, et d'autre part, une contrainte de captation émotionnelle du lecteur, i.e. le sujet informant doit raconter l'attentat selon un mode discursif assurant une description minutieuse des faits créant « un effet d'objectivité », et aussi selon un mode descriptif dramatisant susceptible de produire une émotion de peur. L'un des défis de la présente thèse est l'observabilité de l'effet pathémique lorsque celui-ci ne se base pas sur un ancrage lexical.Le présent travail se veut donc une réflexion sur des moyens verbaux et non verbaux mobilisés dans le discours de la presse post-attentat permettant la sémiotisation de l'émotion de peur. Autrement dit, la thèse se propose de comprendre les paramètres syntaxico-sémantiques et sémio-narratives pouvant rendre une émotion de peur manifeste lorsqu'il s'agit d'un événement terroriste frappant en plein Paris.À travers cette thèse, nous voudrions dessiner des pistes de réflexions nouvelles sur les différentes modalités de sémiotisation de l'émotion dans le discours de la presse, pour déchiffrer le contenu des textes et des images, non seulement en fonction du phénomène de dénotation mais aussi en fonction des faits connotatifs
Emotion clearly holds a primordial place in the construction of post-attack media discourse. It has been the subject of multitude studies in of linguistic research focusing both on its lexical categorization and on the various actantial structures. We proposed this reflection on the observables of the emotion of fear in journalistic discourse by ensuring that the grammatical and semio-narrative dimensions of fear and its modes of semiotization are taken into account.Our thesis, for the most part, will focus on the modalities of manifestation of the emotion caused by the attacks of November 13 in Paris in Parisian and national journalistic discourse. When the press talk about the terror of a terrorist act, it uses both informative and immersive tools. The newspaper therefore finds itself caught between firstly a constraint of credibility and objectivity and secondly a constraint of an emotional capture of the reader, i.e. the informant must tell the attack according to a discursive mode that assures a rigorous description of the facts by creating “an effect of objectivity”, and also according to a dramatizing descriptive mode expected to produce an emotion of fear. One of the challenges of this thesis is the observability of the pathemic effect when it is not based on a lexical anchoring.The present work is therefore intended to be a reflection on the verbal and non-verbal means mobilized in the discourse of the post-attack press allowing the semiotization of the emotion of fear. In other words, the thesis aims to understand the syntactic-semantic and semio-narrative parameters that can make an emotion of fear manifested when it comes to a terrorist event striking in the middle of Paris.Through this thesis, we would like to draw new avenues of reflections on the different modalities of the semiotization of emotion in the discourse of the press to decipher the content of texts and images. Not only according to the phenomenon of denotation but also according to the connotative facts

This dissertation explores the nature, purpose, function and role of language documentation in order to further our understanding of mechanisms of language transmission and maintenance in the face of language endangerment and the repression of indigenous identity. Beyond its traditional use for generating linguistic data, I argue that the act and the process of language documentation can be understood as a comprehensive means to evaluate the interactions between speakers and researchers and as the stage where various beliefs and emotions are displayed. Extending the notion of “sites” developed by Silverstein (1998) and Kroskrity (2009), I argue that the act of language documentation can create “sites” of linguistic transaction, of self recognition, and of ideological and emotional stance shift. To attain this goal, this project linguistically and ethnographically documents and describes Belizean Mopan, an endangered Mayan language spoken in the southern Petén region of Guatemala and in the Maya Mountain region (Toledo District) of Southern Belize as a case study. Ethnographic and linguistic observation suggest that characteristics of Belizean Mopan do not simply stem from its linguistic features but rather are derived from ethnic complexity, language ideologies, identity politics, the history of Belize and speakers’ awareness of the self. Linguistic biographies, interviews, participant observation, and ethnographic accounts indicate that the individual’s emotional attachments to the language and the sense of belonging to one’s linguistic community are crucial keys for effective language documentation and revitalization. Discourse and grammatical analysis of sound symbolic words in narratives suggest that speakers’ linguistic affects can be evoked through sound itself. The devices used during language documentation, such as voice and video recorders can be understood as “signifying instruments” (J. D. Hill 2014), which amplify or evoke speakers’ and researchers’ linguistic ideologies and/or affects. Tzik ‘respect’ plays a pivotal role in distinguishing Mopans from other Maya groups and many stories and personal narratives either explicitly or subtly demonstrate the concept and importance of tzik for regulating and maintaining the traditional community and for having a successful life, which resembles the secretos ‘secrets’ described in Hofling’s (1996: 109) account of Itzaj Maya lives. Focusing on tzik gained through being a ch’ija’an kristiyanojo ‘the grown-up people’, I argue that storytelling is a primary device to transmit and circulate traditional knowledge, worldview, ideologies and memories of Maya people from the present, the immediate past, and the mythological past and that in a sense, the role and meaning of dream divination and my language consultant, Orlando Sho’s musical performances can be equated with the practice of storytelling. The act of language documentation is a portal to the site of linguistic and cultural transaction and of world learning, in which I see a key to successful language renewal and revitalization.

International Masters students face daunting challenges in adjusting to a startlingly different UK academic discourse within a short time. Little research has been conducted into these challenges and successful transition strategies. A review of learning development literature identified a set of three models, which has not been related theoretically to international Masters students. The latest, critical model, Academic Literacies, especially offers important insights into these students’ difficulties and potential for integration. This research design explored these learning journeys in depth through interviews in a longitudinal study of MBA and MSc students during the 2009-10 academic year. The rich data were investigated through the qualitative methodology of narrative analysis, with twin aims of recognising similarities but also important differences across the students’ learning experiences. A majority experienced strongly emotional learning journeys. These followed an affective pattern with a downturn early in the academic year influenced by the degree of unfamiliarity in the new culture and academic discourse, mirrored by a corresponding improvement in emotional state during Semester 2 or 3 as these external issues became more familiar and comfortable. Self-efficacy emerged as an especially important factor in achieving academic success, and students’ progression was mapped against this variable using an established, U-shaped transition curve model. The study identifies practical learning development interventions, but also highlights the importance of educational practitioners becoming pedagogically self-reflective to empathise more genuinely with international students’ struggles, and to learn from their diverse experiences in ways that can enrich the process of internationalising western education.

International Masters students face daunting challenges in adjusting to a startlingly different UK academic discourse within a short time. Little research has been conducted into these challenges and successful transition strategies. A review of learning development literature identified a set of three models, which has not been related theoretically to international Masters students. The latest, critical model, Academic Literacies, especially offers important insights into these students’ difficulties and potential for integration. This research design explored these learning journeys in depth through interviews in a longitudinal study of MBA and MSc students during the 2009-10 academic year. The rich data were investigated through the qualitative methodology of narrative analysis, with twin aims of recognising similarities but also important differences across the students’ learning experiences. A majority experienced strongly emotional learning journeys. These followed an affective pattern with a downturn early in the academic year influenced by the degree of unfamiliarity in the new culture and academic discourse, mirrored by a corresponding improvement in emotional state during Semester 2 or 3 as these external issues became more familiar and comfortable. Self-efficacy emerged as an especially important factor in achieving academic success, and students’ progression was mapped against this variable using an established, U-shaped transition curve model. The study identifies practical learning development interventions, but also highlights the importance of educational practitioners becoming pedagogically self-reflective to empathise more genuinely with international students’ struggles, and to learn from their diverse experiences in ways that can enrich the process of internationalising western education.

Abstract In accordance with several scholars in the field of human resource management, developing employee commitment towards the employing organization is valuable due to the assumption that it increases their satisfaction, productivity and adaptability. By taking a pedagogical perspective focusing on impact processes, the aim of this master thesis is primarily to identify the constructions and functions of interpretive repertoires, of a few employees, in their descriptions of how the experience of Nynas’ Corporate Group Induction has influenced their commitment to Nynas, but also to categorize the constructions and functions of interpretive repertoires in a booklet underlined during the Corporate Group Induction, which I refer to as “This is Nynas”. In addition, the aim is to identify if other employees at Nynas share similar experiences, regarding the influence of the Corporate Group Induction. Moreover, the primary methodological approach used and theoretical perspective taken in this study is discursive psychology, based upon the premises of social constructionism. The empirical material is mainly consisting of interviews with six employees at Nynas, as well as of an analysis of the booklet “This is Nynas”. Additionally, the empirical material consists of a web-survey, based upon a five-point Likert scale, containing a sample of 25 employees. The study has identified two main interpretive repertoires in the booklet “This is Nynas”, explicitly the identity and the internalize repertoires, as well as subversions of these repertoires. In relation to this, the study has found that the interviewees in their language use to a large extent emphasize the interpretive repertoires constructed in “This is Nynas”. Furthermore, this master thesis have identified that the interviewees constructed certain interpretive repertoires when describing the experience of the Corporate Group Induction, and its influence on their commitment to Nynas, namely: the enhancement, the involvement, the development, the reciprocity and the constancy repertoires. Moreover, the study illustrates that the interviewees generally highlighted the Corporate Group Induction as having a strengthening influence on their commitment to Nynas, especially in relation to feelings of being a part of the company, due to the fact that they experienced themselves as active participants during the program. Furthermore, the result shows that the interviewees perceived the Corporate Group Induction as a sign of reciprocal dedication between themselves and Nynas, particularly on the subject of their integration into the company. Finally, the study has found that the experience of those who participated in the survey corresponded to a high extent with the interviewee’s experience of the Corporate Group Induction, and its influence on their commitment.      Keywords: induction program, Corporate Group Induction, social constructionism, discourse analysis, discursive psychology, discursively constructed, reflexivity, commitment, affective, continuance, normative, Likert scale, late modernity, strategic sampling.

Humour has for a long time been regarded as something unproblematic that in general shouldn’t be taken seriously, and humour research has mainly focused its positive functions and effects. However, humour is indeed a social and discursive practise that, just like others, have social implications. The aim of this essay is, informed by an intersectional perspective, to problematize and critically examine stand-up comedy as discursive practise and to make visible how humour build upon dominating discourses in society. The aim is also to examine the self-contradictory dimension of the jokes. In a critical discourse analysis of Özz Nûjen’s show Dålig stämning (2013), using PC (political correctness) as an overall analytical framework, the analytical categories ‘women’ as well as ‘ethnicity and culture’ are focused. My conclusion is that in all cases of Nûjen’s prerogative of interpretation, ‘stupidity’, as the lowest common denominator, sticks to symbols, bodies and phenomenon that are associated with something deviant or negative. By what is not expressed, a white, normative Swedish PC-identity is constructed as the abstract, preferable subject. Nûjen’s stand-up comedy, i.a. in expressions of self-contradiction, proves to mainly reinforce social norms. Consequently, negative preconceptions and biased representations of reality are cemented. Though Nûjen does contribute to sociocultural change to some extent, the elaborations of the jokes in most cases prove to sustain the social order. A renegotiation of identities is therefore made strictly limited. However, in one case, Nûjen does challenge the notion of identities as fixed and essential, when renegotiating the master status and construction of “The ethnical Other woman”.

Doing and learning science are social activities that require certain language, activities, and values. Both constitute what Gee (2005) calls Discourses. The language of learning science varies with the learning context (Lemke, 2001,1990). Science for All Americans (AAAS, 1990) and Inquiry and the National Science Education Standards (NRC, 2000) endorse inquiry science learning. In the United States, most science learning is teacher-centered; inquiry science learning is rare (NRC, 2000). This study focused on 12 high school students from two suburban high schools, their three faculty mentors, and two engineering mentors during an extracurricular robotics activity with FIRST Robotics Competition (FRC). FRC employed student-centered inquiry focus to teach science principles integrating technology. Research questions were (a) How do science teachers and their students enact Discourses as they teach and learn science? and (b) How does the pedagogical approach of a learning activity facilitate the Discourses that are enacted by students and teachers as they learn and teach science? Using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), the study examined participants’ language during robotic activities to determine how language used in learning science shaped the learning and vice versa. Data sources included video-recordings of participant language and semi-structured interviews with study participants. Transcribed recordings were coded initially using Gee’s (2005) linguistic Building Tasks as a priori codes. CDA was applied to code transcripts, to construct Discourses enacted by the participants, and to determine how context facilitated their enactment. Findings indicated that, for the students, FRC facilitated elements of Science Discourse. Wild About Robotics (W.A.R.) team became, through FRC, part of a community similar to scientists’ community that promoted knowledge and sound practices, disseminated information, supported research and development and encouraged interaction of its members. The public school science classroom in the U.S. is inimical to inquiry learning because of practices and policies associated with the epistemological stance that spawned the standards and/or testing movement and No Child Left Behind (Baez & Boyles, 2009). The findings of this study provided concrete ideas to accommodate the recommendations by NRC (1996) and NSES (2000) for creating contexts that might lead to inquiry science learning for meaningful student engagement.

Cette recherche porte sur l'étude du traitement des émotions dans la dépression endogène au niveau neuro-végétatif et au niveau discursif en induisant expérimentalement un état émotionnel chez les participants. Les données électrodermales des témoins renforcent la thèse d'une spécialisation différentielle des hémisphères dans le processus émotionnel. L'ensemble de nos résultats neuro-végétatifs et discursifs met en évidence que les sujets déprimés se caractérisent par une tendance à réduire leur réponse émotionnelle tant au niveau neuro-végétatif qu'au niveau discursif face à de fortes intensités de stimulation. L'hyporéactivité affective pourrait traduire un mécanisme adaptatif et défensif destiné à protéger le moi, une "hibernation émotionnelle" globale pour étouffer des affects et des sensations qui risqueraient de le submerger
This research focuses on the study of emotional treatment in endogenous depression at the neurovegetative and discursive level by experimentally inducing emotional stimuli to all participants. The electrodermal data of the control group support the argument of a differential hemispheric specialisation in emotional process. The neurovegetative and discursive results provide evidence of a common tendency of depressive patients characterised by the reduction of emotional response at both levels, neurovegetative and discursive, when they are subjected to strong emotional stimulations. The affective hyporeactivity could explain an adaptive and defensive mechanism of self-protection, a global "emotional hibernation" in order to suffocate affects and sensations that could risk overwhelming the depressed individual

O presente trabalho discute a veiculação da voz da imaginação criativa por perspectivas oriundas da anormalidade no enredo de dois romances portugueses contemporâneos: Jerusalém, de Gonçalo M. Tavares e O vento assobiando nas gruas, de Lídia Jorge. Por meio da análise comparativa da trajetória das protagonistas Mylia Busbeck e Milene Leandro, procura se apontar a soberania do discurso médico-científico como parâmetro máximo de avaliação da saúde mental, e, desta forma, de incidência de um poder desolador sobre a vida dessas personagens, com vistas à desumanização. Como suporte teórico, este estudo utiliza as obras de Michel Foucault sobre a ordem do discurso e a loucura, na tentativa de compreender o percurso das formações discursivas dos considerados anormais no Ocidente. Opta-se, ainda, por pensar a linguagem a partir da filosofia nietzschiana, entendida como ato de força, quando a função da literatura é encontrar a expressão múltipla do devir. Para além desses pensadores, fez-se necessário uma pequena incursão na obra de Emmanuel Lévinas, a fim de discutir a questão dos afetos como possibilidade de exercício da ética.
This work discusses the voices of creativity imagination by perspectives of abnormality in two Portuguese contemporary novels: Jerusalém, by Gonçalo M. Tavares and O vento assobiando nas gruas, by Lídia Jorge. By making a comparison between the path of protagonists, Mylia Busbeck and Milene Leandro, the aim of this thesis is to indicate the power of scientific discourses as maximum parameter of mental health evaluation and, thus, checking incidence of a devastating power in the life of these two characters that intend to a dehumanization. As a theoretical support, Michel Foucault and his essays about discourse and insanity are necessary to understand the pattern of abnormalitys speeches. Also the philosophical work of Nietzsche is relevant to think about language as an act of force, with the proposal of reveal the task of literature to find expression of multiple become. Furthermore, Emmanuel Lévinas and his philosophy of affection as a possibility of ethic exercise is the bases to follow the minimum instants of sanity in the plot of both novels.

Notre these s'articule autour des fondements, limites et repercussions de l'emotivisme. Au long de ses pages, nous envisageons de degager les elements qui nous permettront d'actualiser sa problematique majeure : ce que les emotions peuvent nous apprendre a propos de l'ethique. Il s'agit donc de trouver une connexion possible entre raison et emotion dans la structure de l'action morale. Notre travail s'ouvre par un chapitre sur les fondements de la philosophie analytique du langage moral, dans lequel nous essayons de delimiter les origines et les interets theoriques de la meta-ethique, a partir des vues de son precurseur : george moore. Ensuite, afin de parcourir les diatribes de la theorie emotiviste, nous tentons de demontrer le soubassement neopositiviste de sa conception de l'ethique en tenant compte des influences de son principal instigateur : ludwig wittgenstein. Notre examen de l'approche emotiviste est centre sur l'ouvrage "language. Truth and logic" d'alfred ayer et surtout "ethics and language" de charles stevenson. Ici, nous envisageons non seulement de mettre en relief les traits generaux d'une telle theorie, mais aussi souligner les incompletudes de cette approche ainsi que l'etroitesse de sa conception de l'emotion. En depit de ses lacunes, nous jugeons que l'emotivisme a eu le merite de reintroduire la discussion sur la fonction de l'affectivite en morale. Dans son ensemble nos propositions visent trois buts : a) reconstituer le parcours de l'emotivisme et les critiques qui lui sont adressees; b) demontrer, a partir de sa confrontation avec les approches natuuralistes (darwinisme social, evolutionnisme, sociobiologie) l'inconsistance de son programme de recherche : c) finalment que le rapport "pathos-logos" doit conquerir le droit de cite en ethique. C'est pourquoi nous cherchons a fonder notre these selon laquelle "si la morale sans emotions est vide; une morale en comportant que l'emotion est aveugle"
This thesis is concerned with emotivism, its foundations, scope and consequences. It concentrates in those elements which will facilitate examination of the fondamental question : what can emotions teach us about ethics ? a potential' conection between reason and emotion in the structure of moral action wole be sought. The study begins with a chapter concerning the basis of the analytical philosophy of moral language, in which the origins and the theorical interests of meta-ethics from the theories of its precursor george moore will be discussed. Then, in order to explore the diatribes of the emotivism theory, a demonstration of the neopositivist basis of its conception of ethics, taking into account the influence of its main instigator ludwig wittgenstein, will be attempted. The study of the emotivist approach is centred, here, on the work "language, truth and logic" by alfred ayer and above "ethics and language" by charles stevenson. The general caracteristics of this theory will be examined : however, the limitations of this approach and the ratrowness of its conception of emotion will not be ignored. Despite its shortcomings, this theory has the merit of refocusing attention on the debate aboute the fonction of emotion in moral theory. This thesis as a whole has three aims : a) the reconstruction of the development of emotivism and critical reactions to it; b) the demonstration through its opposition to the naturalist approaches of ethics (social darwinism, evolutionnism, sociobiology) the flinsiness of its research methods; c) the conslusion that the relation pathos/logos" must restablish its rightful place in the philosophical debate

In the fusion of neoliberalism and postfeminism and the anxiety-provoking environment of Higher Education (HE), this thesis explores the masculinities and femininities as they are negotiated by men and women academics in HE in Cyprus. The study uncovers gendered issues that emerge as academics construct new gendered academic subjectivities based on neoliberal and postfeminist discourses. Through a psychosocial lens and a combination of gender theories of the defended psychosocial subject (Hollway and Jefferson, 2013), theory of performativity (Butler, 1999) and theory of affect (Wetherell, 2012), the study explores how academics negotiate neoliberal and postfeminist discourses relating to issues of stress, anxiety and competition and how they respond to these events in the social (academic) sphere as these are shown through their affective performances. A qualitative study has been carried out and fourteen interviews have been conducted with seven men and seven women academics at four institutions (two private and two public) in Cyprus. The findings highlight the implications of New Managerialism, financial stringencies and the diversifying HE context for the construction of gendered academic subjectivities, discussing the emergence of new subjectivities such as self-maximising academics, money generators, entrepreneur and industry academics, individualistic and competitive, fossilized and wanna-be academics, family and career carer academics, hybrid academics etc. These subjectivities emerge as a way for defended academics to deal with the anxiety, pressure and competition caused by the introduction of neoliberal tactics. The study contributes to the area of gender, HE and academic subjectivities as it offers an understanding of gendered academic subjectivities of both men and women exploring how gender, masculinities and femininities may be shifting. Additionally, the study contributes theoretically, as it adopts a psychosocial approach moving beyond an essentialising and binary approach to gender but rather exploring gender focusing on affect and performativity and how academics invest in neoliberal and postfeminist discourses through their performances to construct masculinities and femininities. The findings also yield some interesting implications for future research as well as for policy government makers.

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre général de la linguistique descriptive et s’intéresse à l’espagnol familier d’usage au Chili, à travers les affects exprimés par les locuteurs chiliens. Notre hypothèse consiste dans le fait que l’espagnol du Chili est défini sur la base des affects, et que l’expression de ceux-ci, au niveau linguistique, est observable dans les phénomènes les plus divers, pouvant aller d’un simple morphème à une structure syntagmatique complexe. Afin de concevoir l’expression linguistique des affects d’un point de vue plus large, cette recherche vise l’étude de quatre phénomènes clairement différenciés : le suffixe –it dans le cadre de la communauté linguistique chilienne, la « paronomase orientée », le défigement phraséologique dans le domaine des locutions verbales et adverbiales et la particule illocutoire poh. Notre méthodologie consiste en l’extraction d’un nombre d’exemples conséquents pour illustrer les phénomènes choisis à partir de 103 numéros du journal chilien La Cuarta de 2010 et 2011. Parallèlement nous considérons un nombre significatif d’exemples issus de l’enregistrement de conversations menées auprès de 58 locuteurs chiliens pendant 9 heures 11 minutes et 33 secondes.Les quatre phénomènes de langue visés ont été étudiés sous le concept d’affectivité proposé par Bally (1965 [1913]), qui distingue les principes d’intensité et de valeur (1951 [1909]).L’étude de l’affectivité du suffixe –it dans le contexte chilien a révélé que l’affectivité est une propriété qui opère sur deux dimensions. Elle est, d’un côté, intrinsèque à un signe linguistique – base lexicale, suffixe –it et tout autre élément linguistique convergeant dans le discours – et, d’un autre côté, extrinsèque, car relatée à des éléments culturels ou idéologiques, et plus généralement à tout ce qui est extralinguistique. Dans les deux dimensions, l’affectivité du locuteur fonctionne comme élément de fusion et donne son vrai sens au signe linguistique. Concernant la « paronomase orientée » (terme que nous avons proposé), nous avons constaté que l’affectivité constitue la caractéristique principale de ce type de paronomase, et que son usage repose notamment sur la figure de la plaisanterie, cela étant dû à des caractéristiques communes qui se sont révélées être : la fonction ludique, l’intentionnalité comique et l’effet de surprise.La paronomase orientée, qui s’investit sur les plans phonétique, morphologique, lexical et sémantique, constitue pour nous une opération linguistique dérivative, où deux lexies simples ou complexes, qui se substituent l’une à l’autre au sein d’un énoncé, partagent des propriétés phonétiques, alors que leur contenu sémantique diverge.En liaison avec le défigement des locutions verbales et adverbiales, il s’avère que le défigement phraséologique est une activité linguistique naturelle faisant appel à la relation figurative constante entre les mots, qui permet de créer d’autres manières d’exprimer et d’actualiser les usages de termes déjà existants.L’évolution des phrases figées passe par un processus de transformation souhaité par les locuteurs au détriment des normes phraséologiques ou syntaxiques données. Cependant, l’intérêt de la création néologique intervient quand le locuteur a la possibilité de créer et de recréer des structures linguistiques nouvelles.Quant à la particule illocutoire poh, particule notamment orale qui provient du connecteur pues (Oroz : 1966), nous avons réussi à montrer que poh aide à la progression de la communication, favorisant la cohérence et la cohésion entre l'énoncé et le texte. De plus, par le truchement de poh, un accord consensuel entre le locuteur et l’interlocuteur s’établit et, à partir de cet accord, des fonctions pragmatico-affectives nouvelles surgissent
This thesis fits into the general framework of descriptive linguistics. The thesis focuses on the colloquial Spanish used in Chile, through the affects expressed by the Chilean speakers.Our hypothesis is that Chilean Spanish is defined on the basis of affects, and linguistically, the expression of these affects is observed in various phenomena, from a simple morpheme to a complex phrase structure.In order to consider the linguistic expression of affects from a broader perspective, this research aims to study four clearly differentiated phenomena: the –it suffix as it is used within the Chilean linguistic community, the oriented paronomasia, phraseological deautomatization of verbal and adverbial phrases, and the illocutionary particle poh.Our methodology involves the removal of a number of consistent examples to illustrate the phenomena chosen from 103 copies of the Chilean newspaper La Cuarta (examples collected between 2010 and 2011). Similarly, we have extracted a selection of examples of recordings of conversations conducted with 58 Chilean speakers.The four linguistic phenomena focused upon have been studied from the concept of affectivity proposed by Bally (1965 [1913]), who distinguishes the principles of intensity and value (1951 [1909]).The study of the affectivity of the –it suffix in the Chilean context, has revealed that the affectivity is a property that operates in two dimensions. It is, firstly, intrinsic to a linguistic sign - lexical base, –it suffix and other convergent linguistic elements in the speech - and on the other hand, extrinsic, as it refers to cultural or ideological elements. In other words, everything that is extralinguistic. With respect to the "oriented paronomasia" (a term we put forward), we found that affectivity is the main feature of this type of paronomasia and that their use is essentially based on the form of the joke, this is due to the common characteristics that we found: the recreational function, the comic intent and surprise.The oriented paronomasia, which participates in the phonetic, morphological, lexical and semantic levels, constitutes for us a linguistic derivative transaction in which two simple or complex lexemes that are replaced by one another inside a sentence, share phonetic properties, even though the semantic content of these diverges.Concerning the deautomatization of verbal and adverbial phrases, it is revealed that the manipulation phraseology is a natural linguistic activity that appeals to the constant figurative relationship between the words, allowing one to create other ways in which to express and update the use of terms already in existence.The evolution of fixed phrases undergoes a process of transformation desired by speakers to the detriment of given phraseological or syntactic rules. However, the interest of neological creation intervenes when the speaker is able to create and recreate new linguistic structures.Regarding the illocutory particle poh, it is a linguistic particle, primarily oral, that derives from the connector 'pues' (Oroz, 1966), whose original form has been absorbed by phonetic attrition. We have managed to demonstrate that poh helps the progression of communication, favouring the coherence and cohesion between the statement and the text. Also, through the use of poh, a consensual agreement is established between the speakers and, from this agreement, arise pragmatic-affective functions

This study sought to develop a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of professional growth in pre-service teachers during their final practicum. The research was situated in a primary school and involved three pre-service teachers with widely differing backgrounds who brought differing experiences to the practicum. The study identified personal and contextual variables that affected the pre-service teachers’ professional growth and explored how professional discourse within a learning community of peers, informed by multiple perspectives on teaching practice that were facilitated by video, influenced professional growth. This qualitative research project used a broad phenomenological approach in that the methods used were designed to illuminate the process of a pre-service teacher becoming a teacher. Data were gathered over a six month period using semi-structured pre and post interviews, direct observations, video recordings of lessons, audio recordings of video discussion meetings, student questionnaires, and written feedback and reflections. Triangulated data from multiple sources were collated for each case, then open coded and grouped into themes. Cross-case analysis identified patterns in the emerging themes across all three cases, forming the basis for the discussion. This study found that pre-service teachers’ beliefs about the roles of teachers and learners influenced their approach to teaching during their final practicum; their approach to the use of feedback for their own learning; and, their response to pressure during their practicum. Pre-service teacher motivation and capacity to interpret and act on mentor feedback was shaped by the mentoring relationship, which in turn was influenced by mentors’ beliefs about their own role, and their expectations of pre-service teacher capabilities upon arrival. The inclusion of video in a purposeful, reflective process enabled pre-service teachers to relive their experiences and to recall the affective factors that influenced their thoughts and actions as they were brought back into the moment of noticing, reasoning and acting. This decreased pre-service teachers’ reliance on mentor feedback and gave them an opportunity to triangulate evidence about their practice and interpret that evidence in a way that continually refined their understanding of teaching and learning. Importantly, this study found that pre-service teachers’ capacity to adapt practice, and to grow as a teacher, is filtered through an affective lens.

Cette thèse adopte une perspective de recherche en sciences sociales pour examiner les usages de l'application SMSlivräddare (eng. SMSlifesaving), devenue Heartrunner, ayant pour objectif de solliciter des bénévoles à proximité de personnes presumées victimes d'un arrêt cardiaque extra-hospitalier. Cette étude de cas sur les usages de cette application médicale et de santé juxtapose les « portraits » publics de l'application, de ses utilisateurs potentiels, de leurs rôles actifs et de leurs pratiques d'usage et les témoignages des utilisateurs bénévoles. Cette analyse explore les dimensions des rôles actifs de l'application et de ses utilisateurs tels qu’ils sont délégués par les « portraits » de la technologie et tels qu’ils sont perçus par ses utilisateurs. Cette analyse rend visibles les aspects des rôles actifs et des pratiques des utilisateurs bénévoles au moment de la mise en œuvre de cette technologie dans deux premières régions, avant son adoption ultérieure dans d'autres régions de Suède ainsi qu’au Danemark. La perspective de la recherche médicale a jusqu'à présent dominé les études sur les applications de secourisme. Ces études ont évalué les résultats de l'usage de l'application par les bénévoles et se sont concentrées sur l'examen de l'efficacité de ces applications, par des indicateurs tels que le nombre d'utilisateurs arrivés sur place et le nombre de ceux qui ont participé à la réanimation des personnes victimes. Dans le même temps, ces travaux ont contribué à la construction de discours prometteurs et à des approches instrumentales appliquées pour comprendre les significations et les usages des applications médicales et de santé. En revanche, en s'appuyant sur l'analyse discursive et thématique du matériel de recherche qualitative, cette thèse cherche à mettre en évidence les perspectives des utilisateurs dans leur co-construction de la technologie de secourisme à travers leurs pratiques d'usage de l'application. Par une approche théorique socio-matérielle, elle explore de manière critique les rôles actifs des utilisateurs tels qu'ils sont délégués par les discours des développeurs du projet, des gestionnaires et des évaluateurs de cette technologie médicale et tels qu'ils sont négociés par les utilisateurs dans leurs pratiques quotidiennes. Cette thèse examine tout d'abord les « portraits » de l'application publiés en ligne, de ses utilisateurs et de leurs rôles actifs, mais aussi dans les pratiques de recrutement des utilisateurs et enfin dans une publication de recherche médicale évaluant cette technologie de secourisme. Ensuite, la thèse examine comment les bénévoles décrivent les motifs de leur décision de devenir usagers de l’application, le contexte social de leurs décisions et les significations qu'ils attribuent à leurs pratiques. Troisièmement, la thèse examine comment les récits des bénévoles, en juxtaposition avec les « portraits » en ligne de la technologie SMSlifesaving, représentent les pratiques d'usage de l'application par les bénévoles aux differentes étapes: avant la réception des notifications les informant des cas d'arrêts cardiaques, au moment de la réception de ces notifications, et après leur acceptation.Contribuant au champ de la recherche sociale critique sur les applications médicales et de santé, la thèse met en relief que les utilisateurs de l'application SMSlifesaving et les technologies qu'ils co-construisent ont des rôles actifs. Elle illustre les rôles actifs délégués et négociés par les utilisateurs ; ces derniers lorsqu'ils surmontent les dépendances quotidiennes de l'application et mesurent l'importance de leur travail bénévole, par l’intermédiaire de leur usage de l’application, par rapport à leur travail rémunéré et à leurs engagements de vie privée, développent un engagement consciencieux envers l'application et redéfinissent les promesses médicales de l'application pour les personnes victimes et leurs familles
This thesis embraces a social science research perspective to examine uses of the app SMSlivräddare (eng. SMSlifesaving), now Heartrunner, dedicated to alert volunteers nearby to assist people suspected to suffer from a cardiac arrest outside hospital. This case study of the uses of the health and medical app juxtaposes the public portrayals of the app, its prospective users, their agencies and use practices with the volunteer users’ own accounts. The analysis explores dimensions of the app’s and its users’ agencies as delegated by the technology’s portrayals and perceived by its users. It renders visible also possibly obscured aspects of the volunteer users’ agencies and practices at the time of the technology’s implementation in the two first regions, before its subsequent adoption in other Swedish regions and in Denmark. A medical research perspective has so far dominated the studies of lifesaving apps. Such research evaluates the patients’ health outcomes resulting from the app use by the volunteers and concentrates on the examination of the efficiency aspects of the app, such as how many users arrived and how many engaged in resuscitating the patients. At the same time, it contributes to the promissory discourses and instrumental approaches applied to understand the meanings and uses of health and medical apps. In contrast, building on the discourse and thematic analysis of the qualitative research material, this thesis seeks to highlight the users’ perspectives in their co-constructing of the SMSlifesaving technology through their app use practices; it embraces a socio-material theoretical approach and critically explores the users’ agencies as delegated by the discourses of the project developers, managers and evaluators of the medical technology and as negotiated by the users in their daily practices. This thesis, first, investigates the public portrayals of the app, its users and their agencies published online, in the user-recruiting practices, and in a medical research publication evaluating the SMSlifesaving technology. Next, it examines how the volunteers’ accounts describe the rationales of their entry into their SMSlifesaving app use practices, the social context embedding their entry and the meanings which they ascribe to their practices. Third, the study investigates how the volunteers’ accounts in juxtaposition to the online portrayals of the SMSlifesaving technology represent the volunteers’ app use before their receptions of the app’s notifications which inform them about cardiac-arrest cases nearby, at the time of reception of such notifications, and following acceptance of such notifications.Contributing to the field of critical social research on health and medical apps, the thesis identifies that both the SMSlifesaving app users and the technologies they co-construct have agencies. It illustrates the users’ agencies delegated and negotiated; the latter when they overcome the app everyday dependencies and judge the app-mediated volunteer work importance versus their paid work and private life commitments, develop dutiful engagement with the app and re-define the app’s medical promises for the patients and their families

Online language learning and teaching is a field that has received a significant amount of research attention. What factors could affect student participation in simpler online learning environments has been investigated by researchers, but there has been limited study of factors affecting participation in complex Multi-User Virtual Environments. By using the typical Multi-User Virtual Environment Second Life, three English courses offered by Swedish universities were examined in this thesis. The courses were video-recorded, and selected parts of the recordings were transcribed. The transcribed recordings were complemented by author(s)’ observation, participants’ reflection, an online questionnaire and an online interview. Participation from the courses was measured both quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitative methods were used to measure, for example, floor space, number of utterances, turn length, number of turns; the qualitative analysis centered on, for instance, utterance functions, discourse analysis, and Conversational Analysis. The results were published in five papers that focused on different central factors affecting participation in Second Life. In this thesis, the findings from those articles are synthesized. Furthermore, on the basis of the findings, a general model of factors affecting participation is presented and discussed to highlight that different factors interrelate and that some factors are particularly important in terms of affecting participation in Multi-User Virtual Environments. These are students’ technical skills, task design, course design, technical support, and Second Life technology. The complex technology also places critical demands on teachers’ technical skills, teaching strategies, and roles that teachers should play. Finally, this thesis argues that it is important to choose a suitable technology for an English course.

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This dissertation has the thematic of the sexual affection of the masculine subjectivity within texts of Universo Masculino and Men‟s Health magazines as object of analysis. The central objective was to describe and interpret the theme on the masculine subjectivity in discourses about the affection of sexuality materialized in discourse practices in those magazines. The main point of the research matters how the discourse structures of texts in those magazines make it possible to comprehend the meanings produced about the masculinity nowadays. On the perspective of the thematic trajectory what consists the main aspect that concerns the leading of corpus in the research under the French discourse analysis, we have searched, in reports of those magazines, an arch-genealogy of masculinity, from a specific sexual-affection disposable of our mediate culture. The analytic trajectory enables us to conclude that the thematic trajectory about the sexual affection of the masculine subjectivity produces a semantic way that confirms hegemony and hetero-normative ideals, rather than what proposes new performances on the masculine subjectivity experiences. In its real effects, such mediate discourse practice pursues to link certain sexual affection knowledge to the male individual‟s lifestyle today, from the thematic choices, enunciation modalities and discourse strategies which are specific to the masculine media
Esta disserta??o tem como objeto de an?lise a tematiza??o da subjetividade masculina afetiva sexual em textos das revistas Universo Masculino e Men‟s Health. Nosso objetivo central ? descrever e interpretar o tema da subjetividade masculina nos discursos de afetividade e sexualidade materializados nas pr?ticas discursivas destas revistas. A principal quest?o norteadora da pesquisa ? a problematiza??o do modo como a discursividade destas duas revistas possibilita compreender os efeitos de sentido produzidos sobre o masculino na atualidade. Na perspectiva do trajeto tem?tico, aspecto central no tratamento de corpus na pesquisa em an?lise do discurso francesa, percorremos, nas mat?rias das revistas, uma arqueogenealogia do masculino, a partir de um dispositivo de afetividade-sexualidade espec?fico de nossa cultura midi?tica. Nosso percurso anal?tico permite concluir que o trajeto tem?tico da subjetividade masculina afetiva sexual produz um trajeto sem?ntico que reafirma ideais hegem?nicos e heteronormativos, mais do que prop?e novas performances nas viv?ncias subjetivas masculinas. Em seus efeitos de verdade, esta pr?tica discursiva midi?tica busca ligar certos saberes afetivo sexuais aos modos de vida do sujeito masculino na atualidade, a partir de escolhas tem?ticas, modalidades enunciativas e estrat?gias discursivas espec?ficas desta m?dia masculina.

Cette thèse aborde deux questions majeures du traitement automatique du langage naturel liées à l'analyse sémantique des textes : la détection des sentiments, et le résumé automatique. Dans ces deux applications, la nécessité d'analyser le sens du texte de manière précise est primordiale, d'une part pour identifier le sentiment exprimé au travers des mots, et d'autre part pour extraire les informations saillantes d’une phrase complexe et les réécrire de la manière la plus naturelle possible tout en respectant la sémantique du texte d'origine. Nous abordons ces deux questions par des approches d'apprentissage profond, qui permettent d'exploiter au mieux les données, en particulier lorsqu'elles sont disponibles en grande quantité. Analyse des sentiments neuronale. De nombreux réseaux de neurones convolutionnels profonds ont été adaptés du domaine de la vision aux tâches d’analyse des sentiments et de classification des textes. Cependant, ces études ne permettent pas de conclure de manière satisfaisante quant à l'importance de la profondeur du réseau pour obtenir les meilleures performances en classification de textes. Dans cette thèse, nous apportons de nouveaux éléments pour répondre à cette question. Nous proposons une adaptation du réseau convolutionnel profond DenseNet pour la classification de texte et étudions l’importance de la profondeur avec différents niveaux de granularité en entrée (mots ou caractères). Nous montrons que si les modèles profonds offrent de meilleures performances que les réseaux peu profonds lorsque le texte est représenté par une séquence de caractères, ce n'est pas le cas avec des mots. En outre, nous proposons de modéliser conjointement sentiments et actes de dialogue, qui constituent un facteur explicatif influent pour l’analyse du sentiment. Nous avons annoté manuellement les dialogues et les sentiments sur un corpus de micro-blogs, et entraîné un réseau multi-tâches sur ce corpus. Nous montrons que l'apprentissage par transfert peut être efficacement réalisé entre les deux tâches et analysons de plus certaines corrélations spécifiques entre ces deux aspects. Résumé de texte neuronal. L'analyse de sentiments n'apporte qu'une partie de l'information sémantique contenue dans les textes et est insuffisante pour bien comprendre le texte d'origine et prendre des décisions fondées. L'utilisateur d'un tel système a également besoin des raisons sous-jacentes pour vraiment comprendre les documents. Dans cette partie, notre objectif est d'étudier une autre forme d'information sémantique fournie par les modèles de résumé automatique. Nous proposons ainsi un modèle de résumé qui présente de meilleures propriétés d’explicabilité et qui est suffisamment souple pour prendre en charge divers modules d’analyse syntaxique. Plus spécifiquement, nous linéarisons l’arbre syntaxique sous la forme de segments de texte superposés, qui sont ensuite sélectionnés par un apprentissage par renforcement (RL) et re-générés sous une forme compressée. Par conséquent, le modèle proposé est capable de gérer à la fois le résumé par extraction et par abstraction. En outre, les modèles de résumé automatique faisant de plus en plus appel à des approches d'apprentissage par renforcement, nous proposons une étude basée sur l'analyse syntaxique des phrases pour tenter de mieux comprendre quels types d'information sont pris en compte dans ces approches. Nous comparons ainsi de manière détaillée les modèles avec apprentissage par renforcement et les modèles exploitant une connaissance syntaxique supplémentaire des phrases ainsi que leur combinaison, selon plusieurs dimensions liées à la qualité perçue des résumés générés. Nous montrons lorsqu'il existe une contrainte de ressources (calcul et mémoire) qu'il est préférable de n'utiliser que l'apprentissage par renforcement, qui donne des résultats presque aussi satisfaisants que des modèles syntaxiques, avec moins de paramètres et une convergence plus rapide
This thesis focuses on two Natural Language Processing tasks that require to extract semantic information from raw texts: Sentiment Analysis and Text Summarization. This dissertation discusses issues and seeks to improve neural models on both tasks, which have become the dominant paradigm in the past several years. Accordingly, this dissertation is composed of two parts: the first part (Neural Sentiment Analysis) deals with the computational study of people's opinions, sentiments, and the second part (Neural Text Summarization) tries to extract salient information from a complex sentence and rewrites it in a human-readable form. Neural Sentiment Analysis. Similar to computer vision, numerous deep convolutional neural networks have been adapted to sentiment analysis and text classification tasks. However, unlike the image domain, these studies are carried on different input data types and on different datasets, which makes it hard to know if a deep network is truly needed. In this thesis, we seek to find elements to address this question, i.e. whether neural networks must compute deep hierarchies of features for textual data in the same way as they do in vision. We thus propose a new adaptation of the deepest convolutional architecture (DenseNet) for text classification and study the importance of depth in convolutional models with different atom-levels (word or character) of input. We show that deep models indeed give better performances than shallow networks when the text input is represented as a sequence of characters. However, a simple shallow-and-wide network outperforms the deep DenseNet models with word inputs. Besides, to further improve sentiment classifiers and contextualize them, we propose to model them jointly with dialog acts, which are a factor of explanation and correlate with sentiments but are nevertheless often ignored. We have manually annotated both dialogues and sentiments on a Twitter-like social medium, and train a multi-task hierarchical recurrent network on joint sentiment and dialog act recognition. We show that transfer learning may be efficiently achieved between both tasks, and further analyze some specific correlations between sentiments and dialogues on social media. Neural Text Summarization. Detecting sentiments and opinions from large digital documents does not always enable users of such systems to take informed decisions, as other important semantic information is missing. People also need the main arguments and supporting reasons from the source documents to truly understand and interpret the document. To capture such information, we aim at making the neural text summarization models more explainable. We propose a model that has better explainability properties and is flexible enough to support various shallow syntactic parsing modules. More specifically, we linearize the syntactic tree into the form of overlapping text segments, which are then selected with reinforcement learning (RL) and regenerated into a compressed form. Hence, the proposed model is able to handle both extractive and abstractive summarization. Further, we observe that RL-based models are becoming increasingly ubiquitous for many text summarization tasks. We are interested in better understanding what types of information is taken into account by such models, and we propose to study this question from the syntactic perspective. We thus provide a detailed comparison of both RL-based and syntax-aware approaches and of their combination along several dimensions that relate to the perceived quality of the generated summaries such as number of repetitions, sentence length, distribution of part-of-speech tags, relevance and grammaticality. We show that when there is a resource constraint (computation and memory), it is wise to only train models with RL and without any syntactic information, as they provide nearly as good results as syntax-aware models with less parameters and faster training convergence

碩士
淡江大學
課程與教學研究所碩士在職專班
102
The theory “Affective Communication with Teaching”, said to be the motivation of this research, is suitable for the model of instruction created by the researcher. My growing process and the connection of the interactive teaching behavior between teachers and students are explored through this motivation. The purpose of this study is mentioned below: First of all, what are my live circumstances of the growing background of the learning and the experience? Secondly, what is the process of the retrospective period of the positive Communicative teaching and the relationship between the teacher and students? The method of narrative inquiry is said to be the research method. The result of this research is categorized as the following: 1. The study confirms the period from my original family to heterogeneous environment when I’ve been through the schema of my precious live experience, including the mottos of the theory and others’ reference to be on the alert. 2. The teaching model by means of the sensitivity and emotion of Communicative teaching theory is given rise to the constructive process of the schema for the same reason. 3. The study claims the learning cognitive steps and processes differed from the teaching model by means of the sensitivity and emotion of Communicative teaching theory. The suggestion of this research is mentioned as the following: The result of this study is provided for Center for Teacher Education and current teachers as the application of the combination and integration for leaners, the suggestion of the researcher’s retrospective consulting processes required to be strengthened among the situation of the instruction. Simultaneously, it is able to help students recognize the learning steps and processes integrated into the heterogeneous environment among original families as well.

This dissertation is about shifts in narrative conventions. During the nineteenth century, at the height of industrial capitalism, certain rhetorical conventions were established in migration discourse, which were borrowed from neoclassical economics. Europeans who emigrated to the colonies sought a better life, the prospect of land, and better opportunities. Others who faced religious or political persecution experienced immigration as a condition of exile. In both cases, however, the migrants' reasons for coming and going were borrowed from neoclassical economics. More recently, the rhetoric of 'intentionality' and 'place' can be seen as shifting in stories told by international labor migrants. As the demands of temporary work contracts rapidly change, the where, when, and why of international migration becomes problematic in comparison with the rhetoric of neoclassical liberalism. This dissertation argues that the economics of flexibility and the flexible organization of work hinders the production of future-oriented narratives that inscribe economic rationalism, planning, and individual intention. 'Broken storylines' are examined in three sites: the stories told by temporary labor migrants, the planning structures of multinational corporations (managing the international transfer of employees), and the policies designed by state immigration bureaus (designing visa programs for the entry of skilled laborers). In each case, rational technologies are shown to be short-lasting and/or ineffective. Research was conducted among temporary labor migrants living in Australia and the United States between 2001 and 2005. The theoretical framework for the thesis is borrowed from Max Weber's comparative sociology of economic actions, which stresses the importance of state regulatory mechanisms to the predictability of economic behavior and the construction of substantive rationality. Following the deregulation of state regimes in the 1970s and the 1980s, I argue that a lack of economic stability hampers the production of new ideological narratives by economic institutions. Notably, a deconstructionist approach is adopted whereby historical narratives are viewed as inherently unstable. Tools of analysis are borrowed from literary criticism. The project contributes to the theorization of the relationship between historical narratives and the operations of state market capitalism. It also argues against the claims being made about the rise of a new transnational capitalist class.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
戲劇學研究所
104
This study is an attempt to apply psychoanalytic literary criticism to the analysis of classical Chinese literature. In particular, it hopes to modify post-Freudian structural theory to explain the psychic of late Ming literati. Through a study of Tang Xianzu’s Yumingtang Simeng (Four Dreams), I hope to outline his construction of the self by looking at the egoic discourses in these plays. I argue that two distinct images of the self can be discerned, namely: that of the scholar (xueren) who seeks self-perfection, and that of the muse (ciren) who seeks flamboyance. The inner structure of Four Dreams can be revealed by an application of this dualism to show how Tang’s thoughts were affected by late Ming syncretism, and how it relates to modern ideas of value-pluralism.

碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
工業工程與管理系
98
The length of time the grinding spark lasts during the rolling process is usually the standard used to determine the quality of the billet, since there are many different components to a billet, and since during the steelmaking process, the factors affecting the duration of the grinding spark are quite complicated. Therefore, through the 1018 steel billet that uses the B5 process, this research includes variables such as the constituent components, the processing procedures, the time and temperature of the production process, and the alloy addition into the sample data for analysis using the Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) 12.0. [9] [16]. Through multiple regression analysis, this research aims to uncover and control the variables affecting the duration of grinding sparks, in order to reduce the duration of grinding sparks, thus improving quality. The conclusion from the statistical analysis of the factors affecting the duration of grinding sparks is as the following: 1. Ladle Furnace Stage: the higher the aluminum content, the longer the duration of the grinding spark. 2. TD1 (First Tundish Sampling): the higher the nickel, molybdenum and boron content, the lower the sulfur and titanium content, and the longer the duration of the grinding spark. 3. TD2 (Second Tundish Sampling): the lower the manganese, sulfur, and titanium content, and the lower the calcium sulfur ratio, the longer the duration of the grinding spark. 4. Continuous Casting Stage: the longer the tapping time, the longer the duration of the grinding spark. 5. Tapping stage: the higher the blowing temperature, and the lower the M manganese, H manganese and lime addition, or the higher the AL-1 addition, the longer the grinding spark duration. 6. Refining Stage: the lower the actual tundish temperature, the longer the total processing time, the higher the total argon consumption, the more the alloys V86 (aluminum granules), V87 (bulk silicon iron), V88 (very low grade alsifer), and V93 (lime), and the less the alloys V89 (converter and refining fluorite) and V90 (carburant), the longer the grinding spark duration. By applying the methods suggested in this research to other steel types, reasonable regression models on factors affecting the grinding spark duration of different steel types can be obtained, and they can further be controlled to reduce the load of downstream inspection and lapping, thus improving their quality. Keywords: Grinding spark duration, 1018 steel B5 process, LF (Ladle Furnace), TD1 (first tundish sampling), TD2 (second tundish sampling)

This thesis investigates discourses surrounding upper and middle class Afrikaner women living in Johannesburg during the years 1948, 1949 and 1958. It uses magazines aimed at upper and middle class women as primary sources and also makes use of interviews with upper and middle class women who lived in Johannesburg during 1948. 1949 and 1958. The thesis uses women's magazines. educational magazines and church magazines, as well as the Vrou en Moeder magazine, mouthpiece of the Suid Afrikaanse Vrouefederasie. Conclusions are drawn about the status and role of Afrikaner middle class women in society, as well as the value systems operating at the time. Differences in discourse and changes over time are accounted for. The thesis also draws attention to the importance of using gender as an historical category, and attempts to broaden the method of history by utilising discourse analysis.
History

This thesis investigates discourses surrounding upper and middle class Afrikaner women living in Johannesburg during the years 1948, 1949 and 1958. It uses magazines aimed at upper and middle class women as primary sources and also makes use of interviews with upper and middle class women who lived in Johannesburg during 1948, 1949 and 1958. The thesis uses women's magazines, educational magazines and church magazines, as well as the Vrou en Maeder magazine, mouthpiece of the Suid Afrikaanse Vrouefederasie. Conclusions are drawn about the status and role of Afrikaner middle class women in society, as well as the value systems operating at the time. Differences in discourse and changes over time are accounted for. The thesis also draws attention to the importance of using gender as an historical category, and attempts to broaden the method of history by utilising discourse analysis.
History
M.A. (History)