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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Affect (Psychology) in art"
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Botella, Marion, Franck Zenasni et Todd Lubart. « Alexithymia and affect intensity of art students. » Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts 5, no 3 (août 2011) : 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0022311.
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Stojilovic, Ivan. « Contribution of Affect and Cognition in Shaping Aesthetic Responses ». Primenjena psihologija 16, no 2 (29 juin 2023) : 151–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/pp.v16i2.2432.
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The human experience of art is unique, being associated with exceptional and transcendent states of consciousness. These experiences are formed based on the interaction between the work of art itself, the observer, and the context. Using the multilevel modelling with crossed random effects analysis, we explored the connection between the affective and cognitive appraisals of a visual work of art and the aesthetic judgment. Two experiments were performed. In the first, lay persons appraised figural paintings with pleasant and unpleasant content. In the second experiment, abstract and realistic paintings were appraised. The results indicate a strong connection between affective appraisal and the aesthetic judgment, especially with the assessment of beauty. Cognitive appraisals are less closely connected to aesthetic appraisals. These results suggest that naive observers use everyday, practical perception when evaluating works of art, and that paintings which evoke "sweet", pleasant, hedonic emotions will be assessed as more aesthetically pleasing. The deviation of a painting from traditional art canons further strengthens the reliance on everyday perception in lay persons. The implications of these results are discussed.
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Silk, Gerald. « Affect and Ethics in Mike Malloy’s Insure the Life of an Ant ». Arts 13, no 3 (4 juin 2024) : 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts13030101.
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This essay examines a little-known but important installation entitled Insure the Life of an Ant, conceived by artist Mike Malloy and displayed at the O.K. Harris Gallery in New York in April of 1972. This provocative and idiosyncratic piece confronted gallery-goers, who became viewer–participants, with the option of killing or saving a live ant displayed like a sculpture on a pedestal, either by pushing a button or not. The artist made the piece, which can function almost like a psychology experiment, to engender a “moral dilemma”. I explore the particular role of affect in a participatory art installation, distinct from response to inanimate art. I investigate the roles of emotion and reason in dealing with the work; whether ratiocination can be considered an “anti-affect”; and how the tension between competing thoughts and feelings helped create a psychological drama. The essay looks at how an art space can operate as a zone of moral exceptionalism to encourage questionable actions. It also locates the piece in relation to the emergence of a more behaviorist art in the early 1970s, as discussed by critic Gregory Battcock, and the larger notion of postmodernism. Other contexts investigated include art and animal rights and issues of sentience and speciesism; social and military violence, including capital punishment and the Vietnam War; the 1961 Milgram experiment; Hannah Arendt’s concept of the “banality of evil” as a Nazi war criminal defense; and other works of art involving maltreatment or violence toward both human and non-human animals, including those by Marina Abramović, Marco Evaristti, and Edward and Nancy Reddin Kienholz.
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Addison, Nicholas. « The dirtying of David : Transgression, affect, and the potential space of art ». Emotion, Space and Society 4, no 3 (août 2011) : 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.emospa.2010.09.004.
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Tribot, Anne-Sophie, Daniel Faget et Thomas Changeux. « Nature experiences affect the aesthetic reception of art : The case of paintings depicting aquatic animals ». PLOS ONE 19, no 7 (18 juillet 2024) : e0303584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303584.
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Art is a promising pathway to raise emotional engagement with nature, while enabling an indirect exposure to nature through aesthetic experience. However, the precise relationships between aesthetic experiences of art and experiences of nature remain unclear. The aim of this observational study is to highlight the effect of nature experiences on the aesthetic reception art, based on Early Modern paintings (16th-18th century). By focusing on marine ecosystems, that are difficult to directly interact with, the results presented are intended to explore whether marine activities and fish consumption affect the aesthetic reception of artworks depicting marine biodiversity. A photo-questionnaire survey based on four paintings has been conducted with 332 French participants with a diverse range of marine practices, fish consumption and artistic sensitivity. Fish consumption and value attributed to fish as food had a significant positive impact on the aesthetic reception, suggesting that taste and food consumption could be considered as a relevant nature aesthetic experience that elicits affective and emotional responses. Results also showed an indirect effect of fishing and diving on the aesthetic reception of paintings whose iconography relates with the observers’ experiences. These findings are of particular interest in both environmental psychology and ecological mediation through art. This study brings evidences of the connection between art and nature experiences, and that art could be an innovative way of experiencing nature. Finally, this study also highlights the need to broaden the scope of nature experiences, for instance by including food.
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Shiff, Richard. « Feeling Is First ». Arts 13, no 2 (28 février 2024) : 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts13020049.
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Within the fields of aesthetics and psychology, there is a long tradition of arguing that affect precedes cognition. A verbalized thought following upon a feeling and associated with it does not translate the feeling precisely or adequately. In fact, as C. S. Peirce would argue, the thought itself projects its own affect, which is independent of its logic. The essence of affect or feeling will always elude linguistic capture. This essay argues that experiences of belief and doubt are affective sensations, and both can be graphed on a scale of sensuous intuition or cognitive guessing (which, again, projects affect). The failure of language to grasp what we refer to as instances of emotion, feeling, sensation, affect, belief, doubt, and the like is more of an intractable problem for philosophical aesthetics than it is for the aesthetics of the art experience. Examples of the art of Cy Twombly, Barnett Newman, Donald Judd, Bridget Riley, and Katharina Grosse are invoked to argue through the gap between thought and feeling.
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Schubert, Emery. « A Special Class of Experience : Positive Affect Evoked by Music and the Arts ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no 8 (14 avril 2022) : 4735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084735.
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A positive experience in response to a piece of music or a work of art (hence ‘music/art’) has been linked to health and wellbeing outcomes but can often be reported as indescribable (ineffable), creating challenges for research. What do these positive experiences feel like, beyond ‘positive’? How are loved works that evoke profoundly negative emotions explained? To address these questions, two simultaneously occurring classes of experience are proposed: the ‘emotion class’ of experience (ECE) and the positive ‘affect class’ of experience (PACE). ECE consists of conventional, discrete, and communicable emotions with a reasonably well-established lexicon. PACE relates to a more private world of prototypical aesthetic emotions and experiences investigated in positive psychology. After a review of the literature, this paper proposes that PACE consists of physical correlates (tears, racing heart…) and varied amounts of ‘hedonic tone’ (HT), which range from shallow, personal leanings (preference, liking, attraction, etc.) to deep ones that include awe, being-moved, thrills, and wonder. PACE is a separate, simultaneously activated class of experience to ECE. The approach resolves long-standing debates about powerful, positive experiences taking place during negative emotion evocation by music/art. A list of possible terms for describing PACE is proposed.
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Wang, Xiaodan. « The optimization effect of the art course of educational psychology on the anxiety of college students ». CNS Spectrums 28, S2 (octobre 2023) : S59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852923004005.
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BackgroundAnxiety is a common mental health problem, especially among college students. Anxiety disorders seriously affect college students’ learning and quality of life and may lead to other mental health problems.Subjects and MethodsEducational psychology is integrated into the music appreciation course of public art education in colleges and universities, and an effective psychological intervention method is sought to optimize the psychological condition of students with anxiety disorders. In the experiment, 50 college students with anxiety disorders were studied, and 25 were treated for three months with art and music appreciation courses integrated with educational psychology. The other 25, as a control group, were treated for three months with a traditional art and music appreciation course.ResultsThe anxiety item of the Stanford Acute Stress Response Questionnaire (SASRQ) was used to evaluate the mental health status of the two groups of college students. The higher the score, the more serious the anxiety. The experimental results showed that the pressure of college students in the experimental group was significantly reduced, and their emotions tended to be stable, with a comprehensive score of 11. Some students in the control group still had anxious and impatient behavior, and the total score was 19 points.ConclusionsThe music course of public art education integrated with educational psychology can promote the mental health of college students and relieve anxiety. At the same time, this study provides a new perspective and reference for academic research and practice in educational psychology in universities.
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Poonam. « RELATION OF ARTS AND PSYCHOLOGY ». International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no 11 (30 novembre 2019) : 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i11.2019.3746.
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Art and artistic trade are not purposeful and accidental. They are closely related to life. The art itself makes the emotional and negative feelings like happiness and sorrow unheard of by its form of chemistry. The positive expressions give joy, but the specialty of the arts is that here the negative feelings of sadness, sadness, fear, mourning are also sublime. Inspired by the spirit of spirit, we find a form whose culmination is blissful. Emotion, desire, determination, creation etc. are also the business of the mind. And all parts of the nervous system and all of themThe unconscious mind and all our perceptive experiences together are helpful in creating some form. All the three states of conscious, subconscious, unconscious, described by Freud, are the centers of the specific energy of the mind. All three give energy and light to art-creation. These affect our direct, memory, imagination, image, symbol. , Not only are they affected, but art-creation is guided by them in such a way that self-expression becomes such that even the artist does not have control over it. "By analyzing the initial images of the mental images, it is known that they are composed of sensory material derived from sight, memories, touch and motion." is.
कला और कलात्मक व्यापार निष्प्रयोजन और आकस्मिक नही है।उनका जीवन से निकट सम्बन्ध है। जीवन के सुख-दुःख जैसे सुखात्मक और दुखात्मक भावों को कला ही अपने रूप रसायन के द्वाराअस्वादय बना देती है।सुखात्मक भाव तो आनन्द देते ही हैं किन्तु कलाओं की यह विशेषता है कि यहां दुखात्मक भाव-विषाद, भय, शोक जैसे निषेधात्मक भाव भी उदात्त की भावना से प्रेरित हो एक ऐसा रूप पा जाते हैं जिनकी परिणति आनंदमय ही है।भाव-भावना, इच्छा, संकल्प, सृजन आदि भी मन के ही व्यापार हैं।कला के क्षेत्र मेंतन-मन, पेशी-स्नायु संस्थान, रस ग्रंथि एवं मस्तिष्क और तंत्रिका-तंत्र के सभी भाग व इन सबके साथ अचेतन मन मिलकर और हमारे सारे बोधात्मक अनुभव मिलकर ही किसी रूप का सृजन करने में सहायक हो पाते हैं। फ्रॉयड के द्वारा बताए गए चेतन, अवचेतन, अचेतनमन की तीनों ही अवस्थाएं मन की विशिष्ट ऊर्जा के केंद्र हैं।ये तीनों ही कला-सृजन में ऊर्जा और आलोक देते हैं।इन से हमारा प्रत्यक्ष, स्मृति, कल्पना, बिम्ब, प्रतीक प्रभावित होते हैं, न सिर्फ प्रभावित होते हैं वरन कला-सृजन इन्हीं के द्वारा निर्देशित होते हुए इस प्रकार स्वतः अभिव्यक्ति होती जाती है कि कलाकार का भी उस पर नियंत्रण नही रहता। ‘‘मानसिकबिम्बों के प्रारम्भिकअवयवों का विश्लेषणकरने से ज्ञात होता है कि वे दृष्टि, स्मृतियों, स्पर्श एवं गति से प्रप्तअनुभूति-जन्य सामग्री से रचित हैं।‘‘1तन्त्रिका तन्त्र, रस ग्रन्थियों में भी मन है जो इन को प्रभावित करता है और इससे प्रभावित होता है।
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Muhamad, Ahmad Adha, et Nur Arina Hazirah. « Art Education Influences Towards Children's Cognitive and Psychology Development ». Journal of Education and Literacy Studies (JELS) 2, no 1 (26 juin 2023) : 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37698/jels.v2i1.192.
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Art education is one of the subjects that helps to develop and build artistic skills through drawing activities, producing crafts, music, dance and so on. Art Education in Malaysia is divided into visual arts, music, and dance. This study aimed to discover how art education affects children's cognitive and psychological development and its importance to learning. The study was conducted on 80 respondents consisting of parents, teachers, and early childhood education students living around the Kuantan district. In addition, this study uses qualitatively through the survey method using a questionnaire as a research instrument. Findings and analysis of the study were obtained descriptively through SPSS analysis to see the frequency, percentage, standard deviation, and mean value. So, it can be concluded that Art education significantly influences children's learning and cognitive and psychological development.
Thèses sur le sujet "Affect (Psychology) in art"
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Richardson, Amy J. « Does the label of mental illness affect perceptions of art and artist ? » Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1191718.
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This study examined the effect of diagnostic label (schizophrenia, depression, diabetes, or amateur) on perceptions of an artist as measured by social distance, perceptions of aggressiveness, artwork favorability, and monetary value (of artwork). Previous contact with a person hospitalized for mental illness was assessed to determine its moderating effects. Participants were 165 undergraduate students (118 female, 47 male). Results found a significant main effect for label on perceptions of aggressiveness, but not on social distance, artwork favorability, or monetary value. Although artwork was evaluated favorably regardless of label, the label of schizophrenia increased perceptions of aggressiveness, but showed suggestive effects on social distance and artwork favorability. The overall findings suggest a complex relationship between the label of mental illness, previous contact, and the relative sensitivity of perceptions of aggressiveness and social distance to these effects.Department of Psychological Science
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Barnas, Adam J. « Emotional Responses Evoked by Paintings and Classical Music in Artists, Musicians, and Non-Experts ». University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1417794794.
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Crutchfield, Audra Louise Neumann Craig Stephen. « Negative affect and positive symptoms of psychosis ». [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12109.
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Saint-Cricq, Frédéric. « L'architecture en mode mineur ». Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MON30007.
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La problématique de notre recherche trouve sa source dans les qualités sensibles des édifices que nous percevons mais ces qualités ne peuvent être attribuées à des concepts et des causes factuelles. Les mots ne peuvent circonscrire le sensible sous le régime de la signification et les concepts sont trop larges pour déterminer l’unicité d’un édifice ou d’un énoncé. Dans le mode majeur de la représentation, la pensée réfléchit des objets et des sujets déjà formés depuis lesquels les attributs sensibles sont signifiés. Mais ce mode majeur de la pensée ne peut saisir l’unicité d’un édifice ou de son énoncé. Cette unicité se réalise dans une occurrence génétique, des dynamiques sensibles et sémiotiques déterminant progressivement les qualités et les énoncés. Notre recherche s’attache à construire une théorie explicitant ces individuations dynamiques Pendant l’individuation d’un édifice, ce sont les variations de puissance sensibles et sémiotiques qui agencent progressivement les énoncés et les contenus sensibles. Toute individuation sollicite un autre mode de la pensée, le mode mineur des affects, qui permet grâce à son opérateur mental, l’intensité, de sentir la variation des puissances sensibles et sémiotiques, le devenir. Une théorie des affects ne peut se construire sans interroger les corps qui s’affectent mutuellement, leurs puissances, et nous obligent à redistribuer les différentes facultés de pensée et de leurs rapports aux passions et aux émotions que la rationalité n’a jamais complètement jugulées. L’affect en tant qu’idée adéquate des devenirs permet de sentir des singularités qui rythment le procès d’une œuvre sensible ou théoriqueOur research is based on the discernible qualities of the constructions we perceive, but these qualities cannot be attributed to concepts or factual causes. Words, and the whole signifying process, cannot frame the sensorial tangibleness; and the concepts are way too vast to determine the unicity of a building or of its statement. Using a musical metaphor, we say that in a major mode of mental representation we perceive already-formed objects and subjects from which sensorial attributes gain meaning. But this major mode cannot seize how and why a building or its own statement are unique. This unicity of the Perceived is birthed in a genetic occurrence, as sensible and semiotical dynamics progressively determine qualities and statements. The aim of this research is to build a theory of these individuation dynamics. When a building is being “individualized”, it is through the variations of sensible and semiotical powers that progressively arrange the object and the statements. This process demands that we use another way of thinking, that we call the minor mode of affects. This mode has a mental operator - the Intensity - that allows the perception of how sensible and semiotical powers vary - which is the Destiny. We cannot theorize affects without being aware of how material objects are inter-affected, how powerful they are, and how they make us redistribute our thoughts and their relationships to those passions and emotions that rationality will never halt. Affect, as the adequate idea of what will be Destiny, allows the sense of singularities and of how they put rhythm in the process of an oeuvre, whether it is sensible or theoretical
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Curtis, Guy. « The effect of anxiety on impression formation ». University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2002. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0125.
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[Truncated abstract] The anxiety-assimilation hypothesis (Wilder, 1993) and the capacity constraint plus control motivation model (Fiske & Morling, 1996) predict that anxiety causes people to form more stereotypic impressions of others. Affect-as-information (Schwarz & Clore, 1983) and affect-priming (Bower, 1991) theories predict that anxiety causes people to form affect-congruent (i.e., more threatening) impressions of others. A novel research paradigm was used in Experiment 1 to separate the predictions of these two classes of theories, recognizing that their predictions were not mutually exclusive. Experiment 1 found that anxious persons formed more threatening, but not more stereotypic, impressions of a target person. This result replicated in Experiment 2, with a different population and a different anxiety manipulation. In addition, Experiment 2 found that the anxiety-congruent bias in impression formation was limited to participants? ratings of traits that corresponded to the information presented about the target. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 were taken as support for an affect-priming rather than affect-as-information account of the effect of anxiety on impression formation. Experiments 3 and 4 investigated anxiety effects on encoding and recall that underlie affect-priming explanation of affect-congruent impression judgment biases. Experiment 3 found that anxious participants spent more time encoding non-stereotypic information and recalled less stereotypic information than non-anxious participants. In Experiment 4 anxious participants again recalled less stereotypic information. This study also found that anxious participants? recall and impression judgments were affect-congruent. ... As predicted by the modified affect-as-information theory, the affect-attribution manipulation left participants? anxiety levels unaltered but it did attenuate the anxiety-congruent impression bias. In addition, anxious participants in this study recalled less stereotypic than non-stereotypic information. The findings of this thesis raised several new questions and theoretical challenges. The new experimental paradigms that were used to examine the questions in this thesis will also allow the examination of the interplay of stereotypes and valence in judgments in future research for persons in affective states other than anxiety. Such research would allow for the continued revision and development of theories of affect and social cognition.
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Crutchfield, Audra. « Negative affect and positive symptoms of psychosis ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12109/.
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The current study utilized structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the factor-to-factor relations and temporal associations between disturbances in negative affect (NA) and positive symptoms of psychosis (PP). Data were drawn from a large, public-domain data set (MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study). A dimensional approach was used to conceptualize and identify latent variables of NA (depression, anxiety, and guilt) and PP (hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorder) among individuals with a diagnosis of primary psychotic disorder. Results showed that anxiety, guilt, and depressed mood modeled an NA latent variable, and that hallucinations and unusual thought content modeled a PP latent variable. As predicted, results revealed strong, significant cross-sectional (synchronous) associations between NA and PP at each measured time-frame, suggesting that NA and PP occurred concurrently within the sample. Contrary to predictions, no significant cross-lagged effect between NA and PP was identified (10 weeks and 20 weeks respectively).
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Cochrane, Angela J. « When to correct errors when teaching a new task to children with autism ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc955059/.
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The purpose of this experiment was to investigate Tosti's proposal about the timing of feedback. The study examined whether it is better to correct immediately after the error occurs or whether it is better to wait until immediately before the next opportunity to respond. In addition, it aimed to determine whether corrections delivered at different times produced different learner affects. Four children with autism were taught to label two sets of pictures under the two different conditions. Results showed that the timing of the feedback yields similar results in regards to number of correct responses and total trial count. However, in regards to time spent in teaching and learner affect, correcting errors before the next opportunity to respond showed to be the more efficient procedure and produced more favorable affect.
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Tekell, Jeremy Kyle. « Affective and cognitive components of job satisfaction : Scale development and initial validiation ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9024/.
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Job satisfaction is one of the most commonly studied variables in the organizational literature. It is related to a multitude of employee-relevant variables including but not limited to performance, organizational commitment, and intent to quit. This study examined two new instruments measuring the components of affect and cognition as they relate to job satisfaction. It further proposed including an evaluative (or true attitudinal) component to improve the prediction of job satisfaction. Results provide some evidence of both two and three factor structures of affect and cognition. This study found minimal support for the inclusion of evaluation in the measurement of job satisfaction. Affect was found to be the single best predictor of job satisfaction, regardless of the satisfaction measure used. Further development is needed to define the factor structures of affect and cognition as well as the role of these factors and evaluation in the prediction of job satisfaction.
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Sturdivant, Virginia Ann. « The Effect of Ropes Course Elements on Self-Concept and Affective Behavior ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332635/.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a ropes course program on self-concept and affective behavior, based on the belief that ropes course participants would rate significantly higher than non participants. A group of freshmen from a select liberal arts college made up the population. Measuring instruments used were the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale and the Platt Affective Behavior Scale. The program was a pre-test, post-test control group design. Data were analyzed by two sample t-tests, correlations, and logistic regressions.
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Kristovics, Alexandra. « Anxiety sensitivity within the structural model of affect / ». View thesis View thesis View thesis, 2002. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030402.121524/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, [2002]."A thesis presented to the School of Psychology, University of Western Sydney, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy " Bibliography: leaves 285-311.
Livres sur le sujet "Affect (Psychology) in art"
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1944-, Malone Patrick Thomas, dir. The art of intimacy. New York : Prentice Hall Press, 1987.
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Chin-sŏk, Ch'oe. Kamŭng ŭi yumullon kwa yesul : Materialism and art in affect. 8e éd. Sŏul T'ŭkpyŏlsi : Tosŏ Ch'ulp'an b, 2020.
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Malone, Thomas Patrick. The art of intimacy. New York : Simon & Schuster, 1992.
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Malone, Thomas Patrick. The art of intimacy. New York : Prentice Hall Press, 1987.
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Malone, Thomas Patrick. The art of intimacy. New York : Simon & Schuster, Inc., 1992.
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Malone, Thomas Patrick. The art of intimacy. London : Simon & Schuster, 1987.
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Baudoin, Tanja, Vivian Ziherl et Frederique Bergholtz. Reading/feeling. Amsterdam : If I Can't Dance, I Don't Want To Be Part of Your Revolution, 2013.
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Heike, Oehlschlägel, Krause-Wahl Antje et Wiemer Serjoscha, dir. Affekte : Analysen ästhetisch-medialer Prozesse. Bielefeld : Transcript, 2006.
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Bennett, Jill. Empathic vision : Affect, trauma, and contemporary art. Stanford, Calif : Stanford University Press, 2005.
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Kultura afektu, afekty w kulturze (Conference) (2014 Kraków, Poland). Kultura afektu, afekty w kulturze : Humanistyka po zwrocie afektywnym. Warszawa : Instytut Badań Literackich PAN Wydawnictwo, 2015.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Affect (Psychology) in art"
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Grzyb, Tomasz, et Dariusz Dolinski. « Variables that are (usually) omitted in the experimental procedure and that affect the outcomes of the experiment ». Dans The Field Study in Social Psychology, 110–20. London : Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003092995-10.
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Masters, Kevin S., Julia K. Boehm, Jennifer M. Boylan, Kaitlyn M. Vagnini et Christina L. Rush. « The Scientific Study of Positive Psychology, Religion/Spirituality, and Physical Health ». Dans Handbook of Positive Psychology, Religion, and Spirituality, 329–43. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10274-5_21.
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AbstractPossible relations between religion, spirituality, positive psychology, and physical health have interested humans throughout history. Only recently have these relations become the object of scientific study. In this chapter, we conducted a nonsystematic, narrative review of the modest but growing empirical literature, which suggests that positive psychological constructs such as life satisfaction, positive affect, purpose/meaning, and optimism are generally predictive of better physical health and functioning. Similarly, religion and spirituality (R/S) variables including religious service attendance, religious/spiritual coping, religious orientation, and prayer have demonstrated relations with better health outcomes. These relations are sometimes complex and possibly influenced by methodological considerations. Several possible pathways to account for these relationships have been proposed, including behavioral processes, social support, and direct physiological pathways. Whether these relations are causal remains a perplexing question to resolve, due to methodological challenges inherent in the nature of the variables themselves and to the practical difficulties of examining these variables via experimental investigation and longitudinal analysis. The possibility that positive psychology constructs may account for associations between R/S and health deserves further exploration, ideally using experimental and prospective longitudinal methods.
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Nash, Jo. « Affect ». Dans Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion, 20–22. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24348-7_12.
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Nash, Jo. « Affect ». Dans Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion, 18–20. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6086-2_12.
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Spitzer, Anais N., Kathryn Madden, Leon Schlamm, Stuart Z. Charmé, Melissa K. Smothers, Ronald Katz, Jo Nash et al. « Affect ». Dans Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion, 14–16. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-71802-6_12.
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Izard, Carroll. « Affect. » Dans Encyclopedia of psychology, Vol. 1., 88. Washington : American Psychological Association, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10516-026.
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Pettit, Michael. « How Faces Became Special ». Dans Governed By Affect, 230–62. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197621851.003.0008.
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Abstract This chapter examines psychology’s recent interest in face perception. The act of looking at human faces shows the extent to which the most rudimentary forms of cognition become affect-laden social judgments. Around the year 2000, facial recognition suddenly became a prominent, widely heralded mental ability, whereas mid-twenty-first-century psychologists had declared face perception an uninteresting problem. At the heart of this reversal are two computerized technologies of visual display and rapid recording of responses: functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in neuroscience and the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in social psychology. The new psychology of discriminating different faces anticipated and helped constitute the infrastructure for a new digital landscape.
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Sharma, Mr Ravikant, Mr Dinesh Kumar Sharma et Mr Shreenivas. « PSYCHOLOGY ». Dans Futuristic Trends in Social Sciences Volume 3 Book 18, 165–70. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bkso18p3ch4.
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Aggression refers to a range of behaviour that can result in both physical and psychological harm to yourself, others, or objects in the environment. Aggression centre’s on hurting another person either physically or mentally. Aggression is also affected by society. The social factors that affect aggressive behaviour are society, social reinforcement, social media, mass media, crime, direct provocation. The risk management of aggressive behaviour is culture sensitivity, to enhance positive attitude, deterrent punishment, empathy, elimination of negative impact, avoid power struggle, lack of flexibility and rigorous training.
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Ward, Colleen, et Ágnes Szabó. « Affect, Behavior, Cognition, and Development ». Dans The Handbook of Culture and Psychology, 640–92. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190679743.003.0020.
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The chapter reviews the major theoretical perspectives on acculturation and adaptation with their varying emphases on affect, behavior, cognition and development. Frameworks for elucidating Stress and Coping; Culture Learning; Cultural Orientations and Intercultural Relations; and Developmental Processes are discussed. Key conceptual and measurement issues are identified, empirical research is summarized and critically analyzed, and recommendations for advancing acculturation theory and research are presented for each approach. Finally, the chapter concludes that each of these approaches offers unique insights and that taken together, they provide a comprehensive perspective on acculturation processes and outcomes.
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Young, Dannagal Goldthwaite. « The Psychology of Satire ». Dans Irony and Outrage, 69–84. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190913083.003.0004.
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Chapter 4 explores the internal structure and logic of satire, offering a deep dive into how satire and irony are comprehended and appreciated in the brain. Using various examples, the chapter unpacks, step by step, the way humor is processed by audience members. It defines the concepts of satire and irony and explores the cognitive complexity of these unique forms of humor, offering several competing theories to account for how and why they reduce the level of counterargumentation by audience members. The chapter also considers recent research on the impact of humor on affect and cognition, in particular how humor might affect persuasion.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Affect (Psychology) in art"
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Asgher, Umer, Sara Ali, Tahir Ali, Yasar Ayaz, Sofia Scataglini, Salman Nazir, Usama Rashed et al. « Socio-Cultural Factors of Industrial Workers in Low-Middle Income Countries (LMIC) : Pilot Study ». Dans 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003296.
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The role of industrial workers is a significant element of any society and a vital stakeholder in an industrial setup. Their roles and existence in an organization affect the organizational culture, working environment, and quality of Life (QoL). In the same way, modern organizational culture and its environment affect the employee's psychology and behavior and bring new challenges daily. This paper is a pilot study that aims to review, confer, and analyze the organizational, social, and cultural challenges faced by industrial workers of Low-Middle Income Countries (LMIC) and how these factors affect psychology, personal, and professional Quality of Life (QoL). To ensure a better Quality of Life (QOL) among individuals, each industry should address these factors systematically to plan work-related issues that affect the industrial worker properly. In the first phase, a dedicated 25-item questionnaire on a Likert scale was used for investigating four socio-cultural factors (the individual, the relationship with their family, and social and organizational factors) among 50 industrial workers (data modelling and hypothesized data) with some assumptions. Sequentially, in the second phase, the study statistically analyzes how these factors influence their behavior and psychology. Results show that family, social, individual, and organizational factors are correlated with Cronbach's alpha of 0.916.
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Vanags, Edmunds. « A Qualitative Analysis of Affect Signs in Telecommunication Dialogues ». Dans 79th International Scientific Conference of University of Latvia. University of Latvia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2021.01.
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There is growing evidence in the science of psychology that affective phenomena are not homogeneous and that their manifestations may vary across cultures and under the influence of contextual and demographic factors. Given that there is no clear universal expression of emotions and mood in human behavioral processes, it is necessary to continue to study the heterogeneity of the observed features in language and speech. This qualitative study analyzes the dialogues of 40 individuals in the field of telecommunications and, using a content analysis and phenomenological approach, describes lexical and non-lexical signs that could indicate features of affect. It can be observed that complete saturation has not been obtained within the framework of these data, which may indicate a wide variation of verbal and non-verbal affect features at both intra-individual and inter-individual levels and indicate different possible dialects of affect features. In addition, inter-rater reliability was determined and its results suggest that the determination of affective features may be subjective, contextual, in the absence of predefined reference criteria even in valence and activation dimensions of core affect.
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Flores, Patricia Andrea S., et Marjualita Theresa T. Malapo. « Road to Damascus : A Narrative Inquiry on Transformation Stories of Formerly Convicted Notorious Criminals Adhering to Christian Faith ». Dans 7th International Conference on Spirituality and Psychology. Tomorrow People Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52987/icsp.2022.007.
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Abstract Serial killers, rapists, terrorists, and other notorious criminals are often labeled "criminals forever." Recovery for this group is unusual, according to post-positivist studies. However, positive spiritual psychology says differently. In Christian theology, Saul, a notorious mass murderer, went to Damascus and became Paul, a righteous man. Hence, this study unraveled the breakthrough stories of real-life Pauls, or formerly convicted notorious criminals before, during, and after adhering to the Christian faith. Through narrative inquiry, ten purposively selected samples were assessed through Psychology's triad of affect, behavior, and cognitions (ABC). Thematic analysis revealed that participants were chronic malefactors with vile and remorseless compulsions for victimization before adhering to the Christian faith. Egotistical convictions drove their actions. Uniformly, a similar epiphany occurred through their spiritual encounters with the Divine. From then on, they insouciantly live with rectitude, compassion, and selfless credo, which is deemed undoable with their willpower but doable with God's might. The revolutionary study reveals that individuals repented, resisted compulsions, repaired harms, and recovered right after being changed, contrary to nonlinear relapses of recidivists. The study highlights the penumbra that "change can happen even to the worst of the wicked." No matter how notorious one can be, the power of spirituality can transcend beyond human understanding onward the inner workings of the mind, body, and spirit. Based on these results, the research suggests studying Quantum Change, an underutilized concept in psychology. Still, it has been linked to effective holistic transformations. KEYWORDS: Transformation, Quantum change, epiphany, notorious criminals, divine, spirituality
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Panagiotopoulou, Penny, Aikaterini Gari et Sophia Christakopoulou. « Dimensions of Well-Being : A Cross-Cultural Study in European Neighborhoods ». Dans International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/ucfu2381.
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People build their sense of well-being by responding to their objectively defined environment. The community environment and more specifically the neighborhood affects the subjective and psychological well being of the individuals. Neighboring refers to the residents’ social interaction and mutual material and non material support. This chapter attempts to examine how the social, political, and economic aspect of community life is related to community well-being focusing on community satisfaction, informal social interaction, feeling safe, the residents’ involvement in the community decision making process, the economic life, and the job opportunities and training of 705 participants in six European cultural settings: Dingle Partnership Area (DPA), Liverpool, United Kingdom; Bournazi, Athens, Greece; Westside, Galway, Ireland; Plateia Eleftherias, Patras, Greece; Knocknaheeny, Cork, Ireland; and Kontopefko, Athens, Greece. The overall picture as emerged by one-way analyses of variance and a posteriori Scheffé comparisons employed is defined by the clear statistical differences regarding the informal social interaction, community services satisfaction and income sufficiency and the more homogeneous conditions regarding the residents’ feeling of safety, their involvement in the community decision making process and their job/training opportunities in the community. The neighborhood contextual effects on individuals’ behavior and affect are complicated and ask for an integrated approach, as population stability and coherence as well as opportunities for interaction need to be addressed too.
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Leys, Christophe, Sarah Miller et Laurent Licata. « Using Perception of Guilt to Assess the Level of Cultural Adoption of a Transgressor Belonging to an Ethnic Minority : Influence on Sentencing ». Dans International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/wsxq8355.
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Perception of the feeling of guilt experienced by the defendant is known to affect judicial sentencing. This influence differs depending on the defendant’s ethnic identity. We investigated the hypothesis that the perception of an out-group defendant’s level of host society’s norms adoption could mediate this mechanism. 64 native Belgian participants were randomly assigned to two experimental conditions, which differed in the presence or absence of guilt expressed by an out-group defendant during his audition, in a given scenario. Participants’ impression of the defendant’s social skills (warmth), his level of host’s society norms adoption, and the severity of the sentence they would attribute to this defendant were then measured. A double mediation was tested in order to explain the effect of perceived feeling of guilt on sentencing through the perception of both the defendant’s level of norms adoption and his warmth. Results revealed that all the hypotheses included in the double mediation were confirmed. These results emphasize the importance of inferences about the level of Norms Adoption by out-group members. An out-group member feeling guilty triggers inferences about his/her level of norms adoption, which is perceived as higher in comparison to a defendant who does not feel guilty. This inference induces a better perception of his social skills (warmth), which corresponds to a higher ability to be accepted in the group. In turn, it leads to a milder sentence. Limitations and implications are discussed.
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Jackson, Leon, et Dudley de Koker. « Negative Acculturation Conditions, Wellbeing, and the Mediating Role of Separation in the Workplace ». Dans International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/lwvn5830.
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This article reports on the results of research which assessed adverse acculturation conditions in the workplace. Acculturation conditions such as racism, discrimination, segregation and separation were evaluated as predictors to ascertain how they affect acculturation outcomes such as intentions to quit and ill-health, both physical and psychological, of workers in the workplace. A convenience sample (N = 327) was taken from various sectors, for example retail, banking, mining, police service, and the municipality. The study aimed to test the mediating role of separation in the relation between adverse acculturation conditions and wellbeing as measured by ill-health and intentions to quit. The results indicated that racism, discrimination, segregation and separation, ill-health and intentions to quit were positively related. The hypothesized model was confirmed in a structural equation modelling analysis. This meant that more mainstream segregation demands, discrimination, and subtle racism, coupled with a dominant ethnic separation acculturation strategy and co-ethnics demanding that their members keep to themselves at work (with limited or no intercultural contact), were associated with the experiences of higher physical and psychological ill-health, and frequent thoughts of intentions to quit. In addition, mainstream segregation demands, compared to subtle racism and discrimination, were much more strongly associated with ethnic preference to separate. Blacks reported higher segregation demands and discrimination experiences at work (conditions), an individual separation acculturation strategy and physical ill-health at work (outcomes) compared to Whites, although the effects were relatively small. Recommendations for future research are provided.
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Andreeva, Galina A. « NEGATIVE EVALUATION AS A CAUSE FOR PROLONGED PROCESSING OF NEGATIONS IN SPEECH ». Dans Проблемы языка : взгляд молодых учёных. Институт языкознания РАН, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/978-5-6049527-1-9-7.
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The article is devoted to a review of cognitive theories and studies of negations in speech, and also the article presents our psycholinguistic empirical study of the evaluation of negations. Cognitive psychology shows a longer processing of negative phrases compared to affirmative ones. There are several explanations for this phenomenon. Our empirical research has shown that negative phrases are evaluated as negative (unpleasant). We tried to present these results as a possible additional cause that may affect the longer processing of negations.
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van Staden, Annalene. « Exploring the Quality and Inequality in the Literacy Development Opportunities of South African Preschoolers ». Dans International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/vyft6521.
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According to the South African Constitution and Bill of Rights, with their emphasis on a culture of civil liberties and the democratic values of liberty, equality and human rights, the country’s education system should be inherently capable of meeting the diverse needs of every child and preventing the breakdown and exclusion of any learner. In reality, however, the South African education system fails to address the literacy needs of many South African children. National literacy surveys suggest that the country is ‘headed for a national education crisis’ (Bloch, 2009:12), because we ‘barely produce literate and numerate children’. Against this disturbing background, we need to gain an understanding of teachers’ practices and the quality of language and literacy input currently being offered in early childhood education in South Africa. While remaining constantly aware of the interplay of various intrinsic and extrinsic factors that affect literacy development, two main objectives guided this research. Firstly, we aimed to investigate the quality of language and literacy stimulation programmes currently being offered at 195 randomly selected urban and rural preschool classes in the Free State province, South Africa (via the administration of the ECERS-R). Secondly, we conducted focus groups with 50 preschool teachers to explore the challenges they experience in creating classroom environments that are responsive to the literacy needs of South African preschoolers. Moreover, we attempted to identify and address the inequalities that still exist with regard to the literacy development of the vast number of South African learners who are still at risk of developing literacy and academic problems and consequently even now experience exclusion daily. Results from the literacy project have already made a significant contribution to the meagre corpus of empirically validated research in the literacy challenges facing South African children. With this article, we intend to stimulate debate on a topic of critical importance to the country’s education system.
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Mavrodiev, Stoil, et Teodor Gergov. « Self-esteem and motivation for affiliations with students from the humanities ». Dans 7th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.07.13137m.
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The paper interprets and explores two main constructs: “self-esteem” and “motivation for affiliation”. They are placed in the field of psychology of youth, the subjects are students of humanities. The study was conducted at Southwestern University “Neofit Rilski”, Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria. The aim of the study is to reveal the relationship between self-esteem and motivation for affiliation, as they are compared in students majoring in psychology with students majoring in pedagogy and speech therapy. Self-esteem is the core of personality, experiences and behavior. It is important for interactions in young people. The need to belong to the group (affiliation) is a prerequisite for self-knowledge and satisfies a number of basic needs. Using a standardized self-assessment test and Albert Mehrabian’s affiliation test, we track how the level of self-assessment determines affiliation needs. These: 1. Students with average and above average level of self-esteem have a higher motivation for affiliation, compared to students with low and very high level of self-esteem. 2. We assume that there will be statistically significant differences in the manifestations of the two constructs in students from the specialty of Psychology and other students from the humanities. We expect that psychology students will have average and above average levels of self-esteem, which will affect their motivation for affiliation, compared to students from the other group. The results of the research provide information about the personal development of students in the humanities, which could be used by university professors in order to optimize the learning process and create conditions for full inclusion of students in university life.
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Hsun Peng, Cheng, I. Wen Yen et Meng-Cong Zheng. « Using Virtual Reality to Explore the Effects of Feng Shui on Physiology and Psychology ». Dans 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003253.
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Feng shui is an ancient Chinese subject that has been adopted by many architects and interior designers. However, the jury is still out on whether feng shui is a legacy of traditional experience or a design guideline that can be scientifically measured. There are a few studies that discuss the use of feng shui in indoor and outdoor decoration, but for its impact on the human body's psychological perception and physical comfort are still rarely to be discussed. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate whether the living room decorated under different feng shui conditions will affect the physiological reaction and psychological feeling of the human body. This study created a virtual experimental scene, made the participants wear VR glasses, measured their physiological value of HRV simultaneously, and conducted semi-structured interviews after completing the POMS psychological measuring table. The results showed that: (1) The results of heart rate variability showed that the living room with better feng shui conditions could provide more stable physiological data for the subjects and make them feel comfortable and stable. However, the pattern with poor feng shui conditions reflects the unstable physiological data of the subjects, which makes people feel anxious and uneasy. (2) The results of the emotion measuring table showed that the living room with better feng shui conditions could provide the subjects with a more pleasant mental state, while the living room with poor feng shui conditions reflected the subjects' less pleasant mental state. (3) In the semi-structured interview, the subjects reported that they would judge their own needs in life and allocate the living room, and would not completely follow the principles of feng shui. The results showed that interior spaces with feng shui in mind generated more positive emotions, while also being perceived as a more comfortable environment.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Affect (Psychology) in art"
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Daniellou, François, Marcel Simard et Ivan Boissières. Human and organizational factors of safety : a state of the art. Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, janvier 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/429dze.
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This document provides a state of the art of knowledge concerning the human and organizational factors of industrial safety. It shows that integrating human factors in safety policy and practice requires that new knowledge from the social sciences (in particular ergonomics, psychology and sociology) be taken on board and linked to operational concerns.
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Janes, William H. Operational Art in NATO : How will Politically Motivated Restrictions Affect Operational Maneuver. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, janvier 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada196035.
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Rysjedal, Fredrik. Frozen Moments in Motion. Universitetet i Bergen KMD, janvier 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22501/kmd-ar.31524.
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What are the concepts of motion in digital comics? What types of motion can be used in comics and how does motion affect the presentation, the story and even the reader/viewer? This project is a part of the Norwegian Programme for Artistic Research, and it's executed at the Bergen Academy of Art and Design, today called Faculty of Fine Art, Music and Design at the University of Bergen.
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Kost’, Stepan. THE CONCEPT OF CREATIVITY IN JOURNALISM. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, mars 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11092.
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The article analyzes some theoretical and practical aspects of creativity. The author shares his opinion that the concept of creativity belongs to the fundamental concepts of philosophy, psychology, literature, art, pedagogy. Creativity is one of the important concepts of the theory of journalism. The author does not agree with the extended definition of creativity. He believes that journalistic activity becomes creativity when it is free and associated with the creation and establishment of new national and universal values, with the highest intensity of intellectual and moral strength of the journalist, when journalism is a manifestation of civic position, when this activity combines professional skills and perfect literary form.The author also believes that literary skill and the skill of a journalist are not identical concepts, because literary skill is a component of journalistic skill.
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DMITRIENKO, B. Ch, O. A. KOVALEVA et E. A. RUBETS. VR TECHNOLOGIES AS A MEANS OF VIRTUAL MUSEUM PEDAGOGY. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, avril 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2022-13-1-2-63-70.
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Currently, museum pedagogy is a very promising area, covering all types of interactions between the museum and its audience. Museum pedagogy is an interdisciplinary field of scientific knowledge, “formed at the intersection of pedagogy, psychology, museology and the relevant discipline of the museum and built on its basis specific practical activities focused on the transfer of cultural (artistic) experience in a museum environment”. The rapid development of technology has led to the so-called modification of this scientific field, we mean a new branch of pedagogical knowledge is emerging - virtual museum pedagogy. VR technologies are beginning to occupy leading positions, but it is important to note that today in art pedagogy there is no idea how to build the educational process in such a context. Thus, this area of pedagogy today requires a deep and comprehensive study. This has determined the purpose of this study. The objectives of the study follow from the goal: 1) To reveal the specifics of virtual museum pedagogy 2) To develop basic pedagogical recommendations for conducting virtual excursions using VR technologies Materials and methods. The methods of this study were analysis and synthesis. Results and discussion. The results of the study consist in the VR technologies usage in art pedagogy features identification.
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Miller, Kyle, et Andrew Lohn. Onboard AI : Constraints and Limitations. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, août 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/2022ca008.
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Artificial intelligence that makes news headlines, such as ChatGPT, typically runs in well-maintained data centers with an abundant supply of compute and power. However, these resources are more limited on many systems in the real world, such as drones, satellites, or ground vehicles. As a result, the AI that can run onboard these devices will often be inferior to state of the art models. That can affect their usability and the need for additional safeguards in high-risk contexts. This issue brief contextualizes these challenges and provides policymakers with recommendations on how to engage with these technologies.
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Dickman, Martin B., et Oded Yarden. Genetic and chemical intervention in ROS signaling pathways affecting development and pathogenicity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. United States Department of Agriculture, juillet 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7699866.bard.
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Abstract: The long-term goals of our research are to understand the regulation of sclerotial development and pathogenicity in S. sclerotior11111. The focus in this project was on the elucidation of the signaling events and environmental cues involved in the regulation of these processes, utilizing and continuously developing tools our research groups have established and/or adapted for analysis of S. sclerotiorum, Our stated objectives: To take advantage of the recent conceptual (ROS/PPs signaling) and technical (amenability of S. sclerotiorumto manipulations coupled with chemical genomics and next generation sequencing) developments to address and extend our fundamental and potentially applicable knowledge of the following questions concerning the involvement of REDOX signaling and protein dephosphorylation in the regulation of hyphal/sclerotial development and pathogenicity of S. sclerotiorum: (i) How do defects in genes involved in ROS signaling affect S. sclerotiorumdevelopment and pathogenicity? (ii) In what manner do phosphotyrosinephosphatases affect S. sclerotiorumdevelopment and pathogenicity and how are they linked with ROS and other signaling pathways? And (iii) What is the nature of activity of newly identified compounds that affect S. sclerotiori,111 growth? What are the fungal targets and do they interfere with ROS signaling? We have met a significant portion of the specific goals set in our research project. Much of our work has been published. Briefly. we can summarize that: (a) Silencing of SsNox1(NADPHoxidase) expression indicated a central role for this enzyme in both virulence and pathogenic development, while inactivation of the SsNox2 gene resulted in limited sclerotial development, but the organism remained fully pathogenic. (b) A catalase gene (Scatl), whose expression was highly induced during host infection is involved in hyphal growth, branching, sclerotia formation and infection. (c) Protein tyrosine phosphatase l (ptpl) is required for sclerotial development and is involved in fungal infection. (d) Deletion of a superoxidedismutase gene (Sssodl) significantly reduced in virulence on both tomato and tobacco plants yet pathogenicity was mostly restored following supplementation with oxalate. (e) We have participated in comparative genome sequence analysis of S. sclerotiorumand B. cinerea. (f) S. sclerotiorumexhibits a potential switch between biotrophic and necrotrophic lifestyles (g) During plant microbe interactions cell death can occur in both resistant and susceptible events. Non pathogenic fungal mutants S. sclerotior111n also cause a cell death but with opposing results. We investigated PCD in more detail and showed that, although PCD occurs in both circumstances they exhibit distinctly different features. The mutants trigger a restricted cell death phenotype in the host that unexpectedly exhibits markers associated with the plant hypersensitive (resistant) response. Using electron and fluorescence microscopy, chemical effectors and reverse genetics, we have established that this restricted cell death is autophagic. Inhibition of autophagy rescued the non-pathogenic mutant phenotype. These findings indicate that autophagy is a defense response in this interaction Thus the control of cell death, dictated by the plant (autophagy) סr the fungus (apoptosis), is decisive to the outcome of certain plant microbe interactions. In addition to the time and efforts invested towards reaching the specific goals mentioned, both Pls have initiated utilizing (as stated as an objective in our proposal) state of the art RNA-seq tools in order to harness this technology for the study of S. sclerotiorum. The Pls have met twice (in Israel and in the US), in order to discuss .נחd coordinate the research efforts. This included a working visit at the US Pls laboratory for performing RNA-seq experiments and data analysis as well as working on a joint publication (now published). The work we have performed expands our understanding of the fundamental biology (developmental and pathogenic) of S. sclerotioז111וז. Furthermore, based on our results we have now reached the conclusion that this fungus is not a bona fide necrotroph, but can also display a biotrophic lifestyle at the early phases of infection. The data obtained can eventually serve .נ basis of rational intervention with the disease cycle of this pathogen.
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Beavers, Calvin, Chad Day, Austin Krietemeyer, Scott Peterson, Yushin Ahn et Xiaojun Li. Mapping of Pavement Conditions Using Smartphone/Tablet LiDAR Case Study : Sensor Performance Comparison. Mineta Transportation Institute, juillet 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2024.2224.
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Poor road conditions affect millions of drivers, and assessing the condition of paved surfaces is a critical step towards repairing them. This project explores the feasibility of using the Apple iPad Pro LiDAR sensor as a cost-effective tool for assessing the damage and condition of paved surfaces. Our research aims to provide accurate and precise measurements using readily available consumer devices and compare the results to state-of-the-art equipment. This investigation involved visual inspection, identification, and classification of pavement distresses, followed by a comparison of the iPad and iPhone LiDAR data with a survey-grade terrestrial laser scanner. The project revealed several limitations of the iPad Pro-based LiDAR approach. The level of detail captured in the scans was relatively low, with a best-case resolution of 1 cm and an inability to detect smaller cracks and shallow potholes. Longer scans (in terms of both time and distance) led to geometric anomalies in the surface models. Colorized scans provided some visual contrast, aiding in the identification of damage, particularly on moderately damaged concrete surfaces. The potential sources of error were identified, including the performance of the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), the limitations of the LiDAR sensor itself, and the opaque nature of onboard data processing within the 3D Scanner App. Suggestions for improvement included the use of gimbal stabilizers to enhance scan quality and the exploration of more intensive PC-based processing for raw data analysis. Hardware advancements by Apple and software enhancements by app developers were also highlighted as potential areas for future improvement. While the project revealed limitations and challenges, the authors acknowledge the possibility of future hardware upgrades, augmented reality advancements, and improvements in sensor accuracy and processing. However, based on this project’s findings, the iPad Pro LiDAR approach currently falls short of providing the necessary resolution and accuracy required for comprehensive roadway damage assessment. Results indicate that additional developments are necessary to address the identified limitations and make this method a viable and cost-effective solution for roadway surface evaluation.
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Drury, J., S. Arias, T. Au-Yeung, D. Barr, L. Bell, T. Butler, H. Carter et al. Public behaviour in response to perceived hostile threats : an evidence base and guide for practitioners and policymakers. University of Sussex, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/vjvt7448.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background: Public behaviour and the new hostile threats • Civil contingencies planning and preparedness for hostile threats requires accurate and up to date knowledge about how the public might behave in relation to such incidents. Inaccurate understandings of public behaviour can lead to dangerous and counterproductive practices and policies. • There is consistent evidence across both hostile threats and other kinds of emergencies and disasters that significant numbers of those affected give each other support, cooperate, and otherwise interact socially within the incident itself. • In emergency incidents, competition among those affected occurs in only limited situations, and loss of behavioural control is rare. • Spontaneous cooperation among the public in emergency incidents, based on either social capital or emergent social identity, is a crucial part of civil contingencies planning. • There has been relatively little research on public behaviour in response to the new hostile threats of the past ten years, however. • The programme of work summarized in this briefing document came about in response to a wave of false alarm flight incidents in the 2010s, linked to the new hostile threats (i.e., marauding terrorist attacks). • By using a combination of archive data for incidents in Great Britain 2010-2019, interviews, video data analysis, and controlled experiments using virtual reality technology, we were able to examine experiences, measure behaviour, and test hypotheses about underlying psychological mechanisms in both false alarms and public interventions against a hostile threat. Re-visiting the relationship between false alarms and crowd disasters • The Bethnal Green tube disaster of 1943, in which 173 people died, has historically been used to suggest that (mis)perceived hostile threats can lead to uncontrolled ‘stampedes’. • Re-analysis of witness statements suggests that public fears of Germany bombs were realistic rather than unreasonable, and that flight behaviour was socially structured rather than uncontrolled. • Evidence for a causal link between the flight of the crowd and the fatal crowd collapse is weak at best. • Altogether, the analysis suggests the importance of examining people’s beliefs about context to understand when they might interpret ambiguous signals as a hostile threat, and that. Tthe concepts of norms and relationships offer better ways to explain such incidents than ‘mass panic’. Why false alarms occur • The wider context of terrorist threat provides a framing for the public’s perception of signals as evidence of hostile threats. In particular, the magnitude of recent psychologically relevant terrorist attacks predicts likelihood of false alarm flight incidents. • False alarms in Great Britain are more likely to occur in those towns and cities that have seen genuine terrorist incidents. • False alarms in Great Britain are more likely to occur in the types of location where terrorist attacks happen, such as shopping areass, transport hubs, and other crowded places. • The urgent or flight behaviour of other people (including the emergency services) influences public perceptions that there is a hostile threat, particularly in situations of greater ambiguity, and particularly when these other people are ingroup. • High profile tweets suggesting a hostile threat, including from the police, have been associated with the size and scale of false alarm responses. • In most cases, it is a combination of factors – context, others’ behaviour, communications – that leads people to flee. A false alarm tends not to be sudden or impulsive, and often follows an initial phase of discounting threat – as with many genuine emergencies. 2.4 How the public behave in false alarm flight incidents • Even in those false alarm incidents where there is urgent flight, there are also other behaviours than running, including ignoring the ‘threat’, and walking away. • Injuries occur but recorded injuries are relatively uncommon. • Hiding is a common behaviour. In our evidence, this was facilitated by orders from police and offers from people staff in shops and other premises. • Supportive behaviours are common, including informational and emotional support. • Members of the public often cooperate with the emergency services and comply with their orders but also question instructions when the rationale is unclear. • Pushing, trampling and other competitive behaviour can occur,s but only in restricted situations and briefly. • At the Oxford Street Black Friday 2017 false alarm, rather than an overall sense of unity across the crowd, camaraderie existed only in pockets. This was likely due to the lack of a sense of common fate or reference point across the incident; the fragmented experience would have hindered the development of a shared social identity across the crowd. • Large and high profile false alarm incidents may be associated with significant levels of distress and even humiliation among those members of the public affected, both at the time and in the aftermath, as the rest of society reflects and comments on the incident. Public behaviour in response to visible marauding attackers • Spontaneous, coordinated public responses to marauding bladed attacks have been observed on a number of occasions. • Close examination of marauding bladed attacks suggests that members of the public engage in a wide variety of behaviours, not just flight. • Members of the public responding to marauding bladed attacks adopt a variety of complementary roles. These, that may include defending, communicating, first aid, recruiting others, marshalling, negotiating, risk assessment, and evidence gathering. Recommendations for practitioners and policymakers • Embed the psychology of public behaviour in emergencies in your training and guidance. • Continue to inform the public and promote public awareness where there is an increased threat. • Build long-term relations with the public to achieve trust and influence in emergency preparedness. • Use a unifying language and supportive forms of communication to enhance unity both within the crowd and between the crowd and the authorities. • Authorities and responders should take a reflexive approach to their responses to possible hostile threats, by reflecting upon how their actions might be perceived by the public and impact (positively and negatively) upon public behaviour. • To give emotional support, prioritize informative and actionable risk and crisis communication over emotional reassurances. • Provide first aid kits in transport infrastructures to enable some members of the public more effectively to act as zero responders.
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Yatsymirska, Mariya. SOCIAL EXPRESSION IN MULTIMEDIA TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, février 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11072.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article investigates functional techniques of extralinguistic expression in multimedia texts; the effectiveness of figurative expressions as a reaction to modern events in Ukraine and their influence on the formation of public opinion is shown. Publications of journalists, broadcasts of media resonators, experts, public figures, politicians, readers are analyzed. The language of the media plays a key role in shaping the worldview of the young political elite in the first place. The essence of each statement is a focused thought that reacts to events in the world or in one’s own country. The most popular platform for mass information and social interaction is, first of all, network journalism, which is characterized by mobility and unlimited time and space. Authors have complete freedom to express their views in direct language, including their own word formation. Phonetic, lexical, phraseological and stylistic means of speech create expression of the text. A figurative word, a good aphorism or proverb, a paraphrased expression, etc. enhance the effectiveness of a multimedia text. This is especially important for headlines that simultaneously inform and influence the views of millions of readers. Given the wide range of issues raised by the Internet as a medium, research in this area is interdisciplinary. The science of information, combining language and social communication, is at the forefront of global interactions. The Internet is an effective source of knowledge and a forum for free thought. Nonlinear texts (hypertexts) – «branching texts or texts that perform actions on request», multimedia texts change the principles of information collection, storage and dissemination, involving billions of readers in the discussion of global issues. Mastering the word is not an easy task if the author of the publication is not well-read, is not deep in the topic, does not know the psychology of the audience for which he writes. Therefore, the study of media broadcasting is an important component of the professional training of future journalists. The functions of the language of the media require the authors to make the right statements and convincing arguments in the text. Journalism education is not only knowledge of imperative and dispositive norms, but also apodictic ones. In practice, this means that there are rules in media creativity that are based on logical necessity. Apodicticity is the first sign of impressive language on the platform of print or electronic media. Social expression is a combination of creative abilities and linguistic competencies that a journalist realizes in his activity. Creative self-expression is realized in a set of many important factors in the media: the choice of topic, convincing arguments, logical presentation of ideas and deep philological education. Linguistic art, in contrast to painting, music, sculpture, accumulates all visual, auditory, tactile and empathic sensations in a universal sign – the word. The choice of the word for the reproduction of sensory and semantic meanings, its competent use in the appropriate context distinguishes the journalist-intellectual from other participants in forums, round tables, analytical or entertainment programs. Expressive speech in the media is a product of the intellect (ability to think) of all those who write on socio-political or economic topics. In the same plane with him – intelligence (awareness, prudence), the first sign of which (according to Ivan Ogienko) is a good knowledge of the language. Intellectual language is an important means of organizing a journalistic text. It, on the one hand, logically conveys the author’s thoughts, and on the other – encourages the reader to reflect and comprehend what is read. The richness of language is accumulated through continuous self-education and interesting communication. Studies of social expression as an important factor influencing the formation of public consciousness should open up new facets of rational and emotional media broadcasting; to trace physical and psychological reactions to communicative mimicry in the media. Speech mimicry as one of the methods of disguise is increasingly becoming a dangerous factor in manipulating the media. Mimicry is an unprincipled adaptation to the surrounding social conditions; one of the most famous examples of an animal characterized by mimicry (change of protective color and shape) is a chameleon. In a figurative sense, chameleons are called adaptive journalists. Observations show that mimicry in politics is to some extent a kind of game that, like every game, is always conditional and artificial.