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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Administrative agencies – united states – finance"
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Mannino, Laura Lee. « Supreme Court Holds in Mayo Foundation that Medical Residents are Not Students ». ATA Journal of Legal Tax Research 9, no 1 (1 novembre 2011) : 64–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jltr-50107.
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ABSTRACT In Mayo Foundation v. U.S., the United States Supreme Court recently ended a dispute as to whether stipends paid to medical residents are subject to FICA. A statutory provision excludes “students” from FICA, and the question was whether medical residents could be considered students, thereby making them eligible for the exclusion. The Treasury Department amended its definition of “student,” as that term is used in the Internal Revenue Code (IRC), following adverse decisions in several circuits. What began as a case of statutory construction turned into one of administrative authority. Ultimately, the Court upheld the regulation, which categorically denies medical residents from being eligible for the student exemption. The Supreme Court's decision reaches far beyond this narrow issue, however, because the underlying analysis applies in all areas of administrative law. The Court made clear that a uniform standard of deference applies not only to the Treasury Department, but to all administrative agencies. That standard, which was announced by the Court in Chevron USA v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. in 1984, states that an agency's rule or interpretation will be upheld as long as Congress was silent or ambiguous with regard to the issue at hand, and the rule or interpretation is a permissible construction of the statute.
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BERTELLI, Anthony M. « "Trust as a Reliance Interest : Administrative Law and Financial Regulation in the United States and its Comparative Implications" ». Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, SI (20 décembre 2023) : 21–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/tras.si2023.2.
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This article argues that regulatory trust is established and maintained through a relationship between stakeholders and the government, with the former group of organizations and individuals relying on their understanding of this relationship. Federal administrative law in the United States makes the expectations about the regulatory environment on which stakeholders rely more meaningful by granting stakeholders the right to bring actions in court when their expectations are being (or seem likely to be) dashed. To make this argument, I begin with the threshold question of how courts serve as a forum for voicing claims of distrust in regulatory regimes. I then consider the importance of political accountability over regulatory decision making, illustrating the concerns about the structure of agencies that regulate consumer and housing finance. Next, I will discuss a second major challenge to trust that arises from the extent to which the authority of regulatory agencies is circumscribed by legislation. Along the way, I draw on the case law presented to argue that problems of trust in financial regulation center on the reliance interests of stakeholders. Finally, the argument suggests a research agenda into trust as a reliance interest that I sketch in the conclusion.
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Ernst, Daniel R. « Ernst Freund, Felix Frankfurter, and the American Rechtsstaat : A Transatlantic Shipwreck, 1894–1932 ». Studies in American Political Development 23, no 2 (25 septembre 2009) : 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x09990058.
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From the passage of the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 through the New Deal, American legislators commonly endowed administrative agencies with broad discretionary power. They did so over the objections of an intellectual founder of the American administrative state. The American-born, German-educated lawyer and political scientist Ernst Freund developed an Americanized version of the Rechtsstaat—a government bound by fixed and definite rules—in an impressive body of scholarship between 1894 and 1915. In 1920 he eagerly took up an offer from the Commonwealth Fund to finance a comprehensive study of administration in the United States. Here was his chance to show that a Continental version of the Rule of Law had come to America. Unfortunately for Freund, the Commonwealth Fund yoked him to the Austrian-born, American-educated Felix Frankfurter, a celebrant of the enlightened discretion of administrators. Freund's major publication for the Commonwealth Fund, Administrative Powers over Persons and Property (1928), made little impression on scholars of administrative law, who took their lead from Frankfurter. Today the Rechtsstaat is largely the beau ideal of libertarian critics of the New Deal; few recognize that it is also part of the diverse legacy of Progressive reform.
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Zanoni, Wladimir, et Gabriel Weinberger. « Effects of Childcare Subsidies on Employment and Earnings of Low-Income Mothers ». B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & ; Policy 15, no 2 (1 avril 2015) : 589–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2014-0128.
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Abstract This study examines how childcare subsidies funded by the Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF – the most widespread childcare subsidy program in the United States) affect the employment status and earnings of low-income mothers. Employing a rich database of administrative records, we compute instrumental variables and control function estimates of the program’s effects. As an exclusion restriction, we take advantage of differences in efficiency levels across administrative agencies that process subsidy applications and payments. CCDF-funded subsidies have short-term effects that are primarily driven by changes in the extensive margin of labor supply. Mothers who are either unemployed or earning closer to the upper cutoff of eligibility benefit the most from participation in this program.
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PELZMAN, JOSEPH. « THE SPILLOVER EFFECTS OF THE RE-IMPOSED UNITED STATES SANCTIONS ON IRAN ON MENA, THE PRC, RUSSIA, AND TURKEY ». Global Economy Journal 20, no 01 (mars 2020) : 2050003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2194565920500037.
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Iran has faced US sanctions in one form or another since its invasion of the US Embassy in Iran in 1979. The 2007-08 period marked the initiation of heightened international sanctions on Iran imposed by the UN Security Council in reaction to Iran’s nuclear program. These sanctions were tightened in 2010, when the UN Security Council, the US Congress, and the European Union all implemented separate sets of sanctions targeting either the Iranian nuclear program or the energy and banking sectors. Under the Obama Administration the Joint Plan of Action (JPOA) was signed in late 2013 and within months the United States and the EU took steps to waive specific sanctions. In 2015 the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) was signed, which lifted nuclear-related sanctions by the UN, EU and US. The Trump Administration on May 8, 2018 announced the US withdrawal from the JCPOA and directed federal agencies to begin to take steps to re-impose the sanctions established under U.S. law that were lifted or waived in order for the United States to meet its commitments in the JCPOA. On November 5, 2018, all pre-JCPOA - U.S. sanctions on foreign firms that conduct transactions in all of Iran’s core economic sectors, including energy, banking, shipping, and manufacturing, went back into effect. These include sanctions on “petroleum-related transactions” and transactions by foreign banks with Iran’s Central Bank. In addition,700 Iranian and third country entities have again been designated by the United States as sanctioned entities, meaning that foreign firms that transact business with these entities could face virtual exclusion from the U.S. economy. With the re-imposition of sanctions on Iran, in 2018, the US finds itself as a lone player in a world where the EU, the PRC, Russia and a group of MENA countries have no intentions to comply with these re-imposed sanctions. The purpose of this paper, consequently, is to assess the spillover effects which can be expected to result from the US re-imposition of Iran sanctions on relevant MENA countries, the PRC, Russia and Turkey.
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Beaty, LeAnn. « Ethics in the Hollow State : Distinguishing between Nonprofit and For-Profit Agents of Prisoner Reentry ». Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs 7, no 1 (1 avril 2021) : 68–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20899/jpna.7.1.68-88.
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New public management, a reform movement that shifted the provision of public goods and services towards private institutions, is firmly entrenched in the United States. The Hollow State, a metaphor often used synonymously with contracting out, reflects the growing trend of using non-governmental networks–often nonprofits but also for-profit organizations–to deliver social services to vulnerable groups. This article, which draws from the author’s dissertation, examines differences in nonprofit and for-profit prisoner reentry agencies. The findings suggest that nonprofit/for-profit differences are eroding as the nonprofit sector becomes more competitive with the private sector for government contracts.
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St. John, Edward P. « Higher Education in Post-Neoliberal Times : Building Human Capabilities in the Emergent Period of Uncertainty ». Education Sciences 13, no 5 (16 mai 2023) : 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci13050500.
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This paper argues that the neoliberal consensus about education finance has broken down due to growing economic inequality. First, I use a comparative historical analysis of political alliances to examine patterns of world trade and nations’ policies for economic and educational development since World War II. The United States emphasized STEM-collegiate preparation for all students, while most countries continued the dual emphasis on technical-tertiary and higher education. Educational policy in the US and Pacific region also shifted towards a reliance on markets and student loans resulting in worsening economic inequality in access. Nations with dual technical and academic pathways in secondary and postsecondary education systems expand college enrollment rates more rapidly than the US. They also experience class conflict between the working–middle class and the new technological elite. Next, I examine how education policy shifted from national planning aligned with public funding to market-based incentives for institutional development, further exposing gaps in opportunity within nations. Finally, recognizing the variations in systemic causes of inequality, I argue that governments, education agencies, and civic activists can best promote equity by organizing to address barriers to opportunity for groups left behind in the wake of withering neoliberal education policy.
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Seabrook, Jacqueline M., et Roger A. Hubbard. « Achieving Quality Reproducible Results and Maintaining Compliance in Molecular Diagnostic Testing of Human Papillomavirus ». Archives of Pathology & ; Laboratory Medicine 127, no 8 (1 août 2003) : 978–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2003-127-978-aqrram.
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Abstract Laboratories contemplating either the addition of new molecular tests or modifying methods approved by the Food and Drug Administration for human papillomavirus testing should be aware of a variety of procedural, performance, and regulatory issues surrounding such activity. Diagnostic medical laboratory testing in the United States is regulated by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, an agency formerly known as the Health Care Finance Administration. The regulatory vehicle of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services is manifested in the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA). The CLIA program has put into place specific regulations for laboratory quality control, which includes specific recommendations for method validation. Regulations that must be followed regarding personnel, quality control, quality assurance, method validation, and proficiency testing depend on the complexity category of the individual test. All molecular diagnostic tests, including those for human papillomavirus, are considered high complexity. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services retains the authority to allow private, national accreditation organizations to “deem” that a laboratory is compliant with CLIA '88 requirements. Accreditation organizations, such as the Joint Commission for Accreditation of Hospitals, the Commission on Office Laboratory Accreditation, and the College of American Pathologists (CAP), as well as several state medical laboratory–accrediting agencies, possess the authority to deem laboratories as “CLIA-approved.” The CAP, through its Laboratory Accreditation Program, has promoted standards for laboratory performance and method validation. In general, guidelines set forth in the CAP Laboratory Accreditation Program checklists specify that all clinical laboratory testing must essentially meet those requirements defined for high-complexity testing under CLIA '88, including test validation standards, reportable/reference ranges, performance criteria, and proficiency testing.
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Zhang, Hong Liang, Jing Hua Sha et Bo He. « A Study of Mining Administrative Agencies in the United States ». Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (août 2013) : 709–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.709.
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With the continued growth in demand for mineral resources, various countries have begun to emphasize the efficiency of the development and utilization of mineral resources, mining management system of a country becomes a research hotspot. Administrative agencies are always part of this system. The United States is one of the big countries of the mineral resources and has accumulated a wealth of experience to the development and management of mineral resources since the promulgation of the Mining Act (1872).The study of its mining administrative agencies will become a reference to China's mining management and department reform. First, this article will introduce current mining administrative agencies of the United States. Secondly, it will summarize the experience of the U.S. mining management. Finally, it will propose to think on the China's mining management.
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Paul, Paul. « What the Return of the Administrative Conference of the United States Means for Administrative Law ». Michigan Journal of Environmental & ; Administrative Law, no 1.1 (2012) : 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.1.1.what.
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Administrative law, writ large, is about the way agencies behave, and how other institutions and the public react to that behavior. By promulgating rules, adjudicating cases and claims, enforcing statutes, providing guidance, collaborating with interest groups, exercising discretion, and so forth, agencies manage and implement the business of government.1 They do this under the auspices of the Executive Branch, but the other branches assert authority over the agencies as well. Congress does so by legislating, budgeting, and overseeing, while the courts do so by interpreting statutes and requiring rational behavior from agencies. These important and essential activities fill many law school publications with statutes, cases, and rules. But the branches that produce this body of law are institutionally constrained—they have difficulty testing hypotheses or experimenting with alternatives before statutes are enacted, cases are decided, or rules are promulgated.
Thèses sur le sujet "Administrative agencies – united states – finance"
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Brennan, Timothy J. « Aligning Investigative and Enforcement Services (IES) with the Government Performance and Results Act ». Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1999. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1999.Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2934. Typescript. Abstract precedes thesis as 2 preliminary leaves. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-66).
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Scott, Gerald R. « Bureaucracies, communities and networks : interagency cooperation for Homeland Security In Monterey County ». Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Jun%5FScott.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2003.Thesis advisor(s): Jeffrey W. Knopf, Peter R. Lavoy. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-89). Also available online.
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Howard, Melissa M. « Organization and reorganization as manifestation of public policy : national security emergency management ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39684.
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This dissertation discusses the administrative mechanisms used to execute the president's federal interagency program for national security emergency preparedness (NSEP). The research examines NSEP organizational history starting with its formal creation in 1933, and focusing on its most recent structure, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (during the 1978-1990 period). The dissertation explores formal organizations as manifestations of public policy. The critical events of recent NSEP history resulting in the redefinition of the public policy are the focus of this case study. The findings are: (1) that reorganization has been a significant aspect of NSEP history; (2) that the formal and informal relationship of an organization and its leadership with the White House constitute a critical aspect of organizational design; (3) that the task of coordination is a murky one rife with hazards; and (4) that the effectiveness of a reorganization can be undermined by its implementation.Ph. D.
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Barth, Thomas J. « Administrative statesmanship in a government of shared powers ». Diss., This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08032007-102235/.
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Girard, Edward J. « Organizational reform a study of contrasts on improvements to processes involving the Unites [sic] States Coast Guard and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Bureau of State Parks / ». Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 2001. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 2001.Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2941. Typescript. Abstract precedes thesis as preliminary leaves. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-69).
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Townsend, Jacqueline Michelle. « Managerial reforms within the United States government ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2881.
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This research project examines Presidential and Congressional attempts to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the United States government. It describes prior reform efforts and then focuses on President George W. Bush's management agenda.
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Brennan, Deborah Lee. « Reinventing customer service at veterinary services' Miami Animal Import Center ». Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1997. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1997.Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2934. Abstract precedes thesis as preliminary leaves 2-3. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 39-47).
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Safewright, Marcia Porter. « Dimensions of the interorganizational relationship between Area Agencies on Aging and Social Services Block Grant Agencies ». Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08232007-112149/.
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Wood, Robert S. « At the regulatory front lines : building inspectors and new public management / ». Thesis, Connect to this title online ; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10791.
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Thomas, Patricia. « Information systems success and technology acceptance within a government organization ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9023/.
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Numerous models of IS success and technology acceptance their extensions have been proposed and applied in empirical. This study continues this tradition and extends the body of knowledge on the topic of IS success by developing a more comprehensive model for measuring IS success and technology acceptance within a government organization. The proposed model builds upon three established IS success and technology acceptance frameworks namely the DeLone and McLean (2003), Venkatesh et al.'s (2003) unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), and Wixom and Todd (2005). The findings from this study provide not only a comprehensive IS success assessment model but also insights into whether and how IS success models are influenced by application variables as applied within a government organization. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed for instrument refinement and validity test of the existing and proposed models. Using data from employees of a local government municipal, the comprehensive model explained 32 percent variance. Four of the hypothesis were fully supported five were not supported, and four were partially supported. In addition, the results suggest that behavioral intention may not be the best predictor of technology acceptance in a mandatory environment.
Livres sur le sujet "Administrative agencies – united states – finance"
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Subcommittee on Government Management, Finance, and Accountability. The Improper Payments Information Act : Are agencies meeting the requirements of the law ? : hearing before the Subcommittee on Government Management, Finance, and Accountability of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, second session, April 5, 2006. Washington : U.S. G.P.O., 2008.
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United States. Bureau of Justice Assistance, dir. Local Law Enforcement Block Grants Program : Program progress reports : state administrative agencies. [Washington, DC] : The Bureau, 1997.
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Krouse, William J. Commerce, justice and science appropriations agencies. New York : Nova Science Publishers, 2008.
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Office, General Accounting. Examination of statement of accountability for appropriations and other funds, Finance Office, House of Representatives, for the year ended September 30, 1984 (GAO/AFMD-85-41). Washington, D.C : Comptroller General of the United States, 1985.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Hollow government : The Food and Drug Administration : hearing before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, first session, July 25, 1991. Washington : U.S. G.P.O., 1993.
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Improper Payments Information Act of 2002 : Report of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, to accompany S. 4878 to provide for estimates and reports of improper payments by federal agencies. Washington : U.S. G.P.O., 2002.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Improper Payments Information Act of 2002 : Report of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, to accompany S. 4878 to provide for estimates and reports of improper payments by federal agencies. Washington : U.S. G.P.O., 2002.
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Harrell, Rhett D. Working with the revised yellow book on government auditing standards. New York : American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, 1995.
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Harrell, Rhett D. Working with the 1988 revised Yellow book on government auditing standards. New York : American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, 1992.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Improper Payments Information Act of 2002 : Report of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, to accompany S. 4878 to provide for estimates and reports of improper payments by federal agencies. Washington : U.S. G.P.O., 2002.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Administrative agencies – united states – finance"
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Stoughton, Seth W., Jeffrey J. Noble et Geoffrey P. Alpert. « The Administrative Standard ». Dans Evaluating Police Uses of Force, 97–124. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479814657.003.0004.
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The vast majority of the 18,000 police agencies in the United States have policies, procedures, and training that govern officers’ uses of force. While there are notable consistencies and broad, though not universal, agreement on certain shared principles, there are significant variations in the details of how agencies draft and operationalize their administrative policies. This chapter explores how police agencies define “force” and “reportable force” for purposes of internal policy, and offers a detailed review of the conceptual models that are widely used as visual representations of administrative regulation: the forty-year-old but highly influential incremental models, force matrix and force continuum, as well as the more recent, but less widely adopted, situational tactical options and situational behavioral models. The chapter concludes by describing a dozen common components of administrative use-of-force policies.
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Lin, Leo S. F. « Examining the Impact of COVID-19 on Cryptocurrency Enforcement in the United States ». Dans COVID-19's Impact on the Cryptocurrency Market and the Digital Economy, 65–81. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9117-8.ch005.
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This chapter examines how COVID-19 has impacted cryptocurrency enforcement at the state level. This author employs a qualitative single case study method and investigates the cryptocurrency enforcement actions of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in 2020. The data were collected from SEC cryptocurrency press releases and public statements. The US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has brought 28 enforcement actions against companies and individuals in the crypto industry in 2020 regarding the three types of cryptocurrency enforcement actions and trading suspensions (trading suspension, litigation, and administrative proceeding). Among them, litigation is the most common type of cryptocurrency enforcement action taken by the SEC. This author concludes that the law enforcement agencies in the United States faced several challenges before and during the pandemic. Finally, the author suggests some measures that law enforcement agencies can take to address the above challenges.
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Olawuyi, Damilola S. « Administration of Environmental Law in Arab States ». Dans Environmental Law in Arab States, 55–84. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192896186.003.0003.
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The institutional structures for the administration and supervision of environmental law and policy are crucial to the attainment of the statutory objectives set out in environmental legislation and industry guidelines. This chapter examines the governance frameworks in place for overseeing, implementing, and enforcing environmental law and policy in Arab states. There are three dominant models of environmental regulation and supervision in the Arab region: ministerial-based regulation (i.e., placing regulatory supervision and decision-making under the purview of a government ministry, such as the Ministry of Environment); the agencification approach (i.e., establishing one or more agencies or administrative units within the government); and the hybrid approach (under which some Arab states have both a supervising environment ministry and a number of committees, departments, and agencies established across different levels of government with environmental protection functions and mandates). This chapter examines the key strengths and challenges to these and other environmental supervision arrangements across the Arab region. It also appraises the key roles of intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, such as the United Nations Environment Program; United Nations Economic Commission for Western Asia; League of Arab States; Gulf Cooperation Council; Regional Organization for the Protection of the Marine Environment; Center for Environment and Development in the Arab Region and Europe; Arab Forum on Environment and Development; and Arab Network for Environment and Development, among others in shaping the development and application of environmental law in the Arab region.
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Livermore, Michael A., et Richard L. Revesz. « Politics and Regulation ». Dans Reviving Rationality, 13–34. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197539446.003.0002.
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One of the defining features of politics in the contemporary United States is the central role played by the actions, or inactions, of federal administrative agencies. The complex nature of many policy problems, coupled with the limited ability of Congress to act, has frequently led to statutes that delegate to specialists the task of translating broad policy mandates into fine-tuned regulations. To balance the need for democratic accountability with values such as expertise and impartiality, both political parties have constructed a system of guardrails that cabins political influence over agencies. Some of these guardrails are external and include judicial review under the Administrative Procedure Act. Other guardrails are internal to the executive branch. Among the most important of these internal constraints is the use of cost-benefit analysis to inform regulatory decision making.
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Dryzek, John S. « 4. Leave It to the Experts ». Dans The Politics of the Earth, 75–100. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198851745.003.0004.
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Complex environmental issues have to date mostly been addressed by administrative means such as regulation, impact assessment, and planning that harness expertise in institutions such as pollution control agencies and resource management bureaucracies. Administrative rationalism is defined as the problem-solving discourse that emphasizes the role of the expert rather than the citizen or producer/consumer in social problem solving. Experts can be scientists, social scientists, or policy analysts who can deploy techniques such as cost-benefit analysis and risk analysis. Recent variations on the discourse involve evidence-based policy making and ‘nudge’. Administrative rationalism figures more strongly as an institutional style in some political systems than in others. The chapter focuses on the United States, as it pioneered many of the practices of administrative rationalism in environmental policy, and China, where administrative rationalism now finds its strongest application. Administrative rationalism is in crisis as its limits when confronting complexity become exposed, and it is arguably giving way to more networked and less hierarchical governance.
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Križ, Katrin. « Introduction ». Dans Protecting Children, Creating Citizens, 1–24. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447355885.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter presents the argument and goal of the book, which is to show in what ways child protection caseworkers employed by public child protection agencies in Norway and the United States (California) can create citizens by promoting the participation of children and young people in their everyday practice. Public child protection agencies are only one part of the citizenship piece, but they are a salient one in the lives of children and young people who encounter them. Child protection caseworkers, the 'street-level bureaucrats' working in public child protection agencies, make very important decisions about children and young people's lives and provide children, youth, and families with pertinent services. Children and youth must be able to participate in administrative decisions, according to the international standards set by the 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Street-level bureaucrats like child protection caseworkers have the power to create the conditions for children's and young people's participation. They can thus shape children and young people's opportunities to act as citizens.
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Shirley, Ian, Peggy Koopman-Boyden Ian Pool et St John. « Families and Social Services ». Dans Family Change and Family Policies in Great Britain, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States, 270–85. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198290254.003.0018.
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Abstract The main provisions of the ‘family wage’ in New Zealand’s post-war economy centred on the activities of the industrial court and the participation of wage-earners in the labour market (see Chapter 5). The wage itself was not limited to income, but included social components, such as predominantly free access to health and education, the widespread availability of housing and housing finance, and a comprehensive range of welfare services. The history of these services has been dominated by the changing responsibilities of central government, voluntary organizations, and to a lesser extent, private-sector agencies.
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Metzger, Jan. « The concept of critical infrastructure protection ». Dans Business and Security Public–Private Sector Relationships in a New Security Environment, 197–209. Oxford University PressOxford, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199274505.003.0018.
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Abstract The US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) was established on 1 January 2003, following the largest administrative restructuring undertaken in the United States since World War II. The task of the 170 000 DHS employees, in over 20 agencies and under the leadership of Secretary of Homeland Security Tom Ridge, is to protect the nation against the threat of terrorist attacks. A sizeable portion of the budget for fiscal year 2003 of nearly $38 billion will be allocated to the area of Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection, one of the four main DHS directorates. A major task of the Assistant Secretary for Infrastructure Protection, Robert P.
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Gillies, Alexandra. « Corruption and the Competition for Power ». Dans Crude Intentions, 61–100. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190940706.003.0003.
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In several democratic countries, public officials sought oil money in part to finance their election campaigns. In Brazil and Nigeria, landslides of corruption followed, and billions of dollars in public funds were lost. National oil companies proved particularly susceptible to abuse. But it was not all bad news, as some democratic institutions proved their mettle. Electoral and judicial agencies worked as intended, and kept the perpetrators from enjoying their loot in peace. In the United States, the tactics were more subtle with oil companies spending handsomely on election campaigns, public advertising and lobbying.
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Porter, Theodore M. « U.S. Army Engineers and the Rise of Cost-Benefit Analysis ». Dans Trust in Numbers, 148–90. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691208411.003.0008.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter traces the history of cost–benefit analysis in the United States bureaucracy from the 1920s until about 1960. It is not a story of academic research, but of political pressure and administrative conflict. Cost–benefit methods were introduced to promote procedural regularity and to give public evidence of fairness in the selection of water projects. Early in the century, numbers produced by the Army Corps of Engineers were usually accepted on its authority alone, and there was correspondingly little need for standardization of methods. About 1940, however, economic numbers became objects of bitter controversy, as the Corps was challenged by such powerful interests as utility companies and railroads. The really crucial development in this story was the outbreak of intense bureaucratic conflict between the Corps and other government agencies, especially the Department of Agriculture and the Bureau of Reclamation. The agencies tried to settle their feuds by harmonizing their economic analyses. When negotiation failed as a strategy for achieving uniformity, they were compelled to try to ground their makeshift techniques in economic rationality. On this account, cost–benefit analysis had to be transformed from a collection of local bureaucratic practices into a set of rationalized economic principles.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Administrative agencies – united states – finance"
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Silvestru, Ramona camelia, Lavinia Nemes et Catalin ionut Silvestru. « CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN KNOWLEDGE SHARING IN E-LEARNING PROGRAMS FOR PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ». Dans eLSE 2014. Editura Universitatii Nationale de Aparare "Carol I", 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-14-212.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The G20 Moscow summit from 2013 highlighted the fact that human resource development remained a major priority for developing countries, especially low-income countries, with important impact on the priorities of other low income countries. When discussing about the current global economic development, about increasing economic competitiveness and reducing economic risks of global crises, we take also into consideration the role that governments and their staff can play in ensuring the adequate implementation of the various policy measures. In order for the government staff to perform at high levels of competence both in high and low income countries, especially in G20 members (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States of America plus the European Union member states), we consider that continuous education / lifelong learning would be crucial in providing an enabling environment, with e-learning holding a key position, as it enables people, civil servants to deal with future challenges raised by knowledge and information society. In the framework of the technological, normative and procedural evolutions that influence how the staff from public administrations works and possible openness towards e-learning programs, while aware of the various pedagogic, administrative and economic factors that provide incentives as well as drawbacks in using e-learning in providing training to civil servants, we are interested in analyzing e-learning programs developed and used for public administration staff from several G20 states. Our analysis will be focused on assessing the dimensions of the e-learning systems, variety of courses via e-learning platforms, methodologies used in e-learning, possible limitations and challenges in providing e-learning programs to civil servants in several G20 states. The analysis will be conducted using public information available from national agencies with responsibilities in providing such trainings in various G20 states. Our recommendations are oriented towards stimulating the development of an enabling environment for improving inter-agencies and ministerial coordination by intervening at the levels of human resources from the government levels. In this respect, we promote a wider usage of electronic means in lifelong learning for the staff from public administrations and the sharing of information by electronic means aimed at ensuring further human resource development from the public administration. Moreover, we strongly consider that continuous human resource development in the public administration apparatus from the G20 states and knowledge sharing would provide adequate framework for ensuring that government priorities and policy coordination in order to achieve global economic stability, sustainable growth could be achieved, while also contributing to the development of knowledge and information society and economy.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Administrative agencies – united states – finance"
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Collington, Rosie, et William Lazonick. Pricing for Medicine Innovation : A Regulatory Approach to Support Drug Development and Patient Access. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, janvier 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp176.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The United States represents the world’s largest market for pharmaceutical drugs. It is also the only advanced economy in the world that does not regulate drug prices. There is no upper threshold for the prices of medicines in the United States. List prices are instead set by manufacturers in negotiation with supply-chain intermediaries, though some federal programs have degrees of discretion in price determinations. In practice, this deregulated system means that drug prices in the United States are generally far higher than in other advanced economies, adversely affecting patient accessibility and system affordability. In this paper, we draw on the “theory of innovative enterprise” to develop a framework that provides both a critique of the existing pricing system in the United States and a foundation for developing a new model of pricing regulation to support safety and effectiveness through drug development as well as accessibility and affordability in the distribution of approved medicines to patients. We introduce a regulatory approach we term “Pricing for Medicine Innovation” (PMI), which departs dramatically from the market-equilibrium assumptions of conventional (neoclassical) economics. The PMI approach recognizes the centrality of collective investments by government agencies and business firms in the productive capabilities that underpin the drug development process. PMI specifies the conditions under which, at the firm level, drug pricing can support both sustained investment in these capabilities and improved patient access. PMI can advance both of these objectives simultaneously by regulating not just the level of corporate profit but also its allocation to reinvestment in the drug development process. PMI suggests that although price caps are likely to improve drug affordability, there remain two potential issues with this pricing approach. Firstly, in an innovation system where a company’s sales revenue is the source of its finance for further drug development, price caps may deprive a firm of the means to invest in innovation. Secondly, even with adequate profits available for investment in innovation, a firm that is run to maximize shareholder value will tend to use those profits to fund distributions to shareholders rather than for investment in drug innovation. We argue that, if implemented properly, PMI could both improve the affordability of medicines and enhance the innovative performance of pharmaceutical companies.
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Ley, Matt, Tom Baldvins, Hannah Pilkington, David Jones et Kelly Anderson. Vegetation classification and mapping project : Big Thicket National Preserve. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299254.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Big Thicket National Preserve (BITH) vegetation inventory project classified and mapped vegetation within the administrative boundary and estimated thematic map accuracy quantitatively. National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Inventory Program provided technical guidance. The overall process included initial planning and scoping, imagery procurement, vegetation classification field data collection, data analysis, imagery interpretation/classification, accuracy assessment (AA), and report writing and database development. Initial planning and scoping meetings took place during May, 2016 in Kountze, Texas where representatives gathered from BITH, the NPS Gulf Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network, and Colorado State University. The project acquired new 2014 orthoimagery (30-cm, 4-band (RGB and CIR)) from the Hexagon Imagery Program. Supplemental imagery for the interpretation phase included Texas Natural Resources Information System (TNRIS) 2015 50 cm leaf-off 4-band imagery from the Texas Orthoimagery Program (TOP), Farm Service Agency (FSA) 100-cm (2016) and 60 cm (2018) National Aerial Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery, and current and historical true-color Google Earth and Bing Maps imagery. In addition to aerial and satellite imagery, 2017 Neches River Basin Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data was obtained from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and TNRIS to analyze vegetation structure at BITH. The preliminary vegetation classification included 110 United States National Vegetation Classification (USNVC) associations. Existing vegetation and mapping data combined with vegetation plot data contributed to the final vegetation classification. Quantitative classification using hierarchical clustering and professional expertise was supported by vegetation data collected from 304 plots surveyed between 2016 and 2019 and 110 additional observation plots. The final vegetation classification includes 75 USNVC associations and 27 park special types including 80 forest and woodland, 7 shrubland, 12 herbaceous, and 3 sparse vegetation types. The final BITH map consists of 51 map classes. Land cover classes include five types: pasture / hay ground agricultural vegetation; non ? vegetated / barren land, borrow pit, cut bank; developed, open space; developed, low ? high intensity; and water. The 46 vegetation classes represent 102 associations or park specials. Of these, 75 represent natural vegetation associations within the USNVC, and 27 types represent unpublished park specials. Of the 46 vegetation map classes, 26 represent a single USNVC association/park special, 7 map classes contain two USNVC associations/park specials, 4 map classes contain three USNVC associations/park specials, and 9 map classes contain four or more USNVC associations/park specials. Forest and woodland types had an abundance of Pinus taeda, Liquidambar styraciflua, Ilex opaca, Ilex vomitoria, Quercus nigra, and Vitis rotundifolia. Shrubland types were dominated by Pinus taeda, Ilex vomitoria, Triadica sebifera, Liquidambar styraciflua, and/or Callicarpa americana. Herbaceous types had an abundance of Zizaniopsis miliacea, Juncus effusus, Panicum virgatum, and/or Saccharum giganteum. The final BITH vegetation map consists of 7,271 polygons totaling 45,771.8 ha (113,104.6 ac). Mean polygon size is 6.3 ha (15.6 ac). Of the total area, 43,314.4 ha (107,032.2 ac) or 94.6% represent natural or ruderal vegetation. Developed areas such as roads, parking lots, and campgrounds comprise 421.9 ha (1,042.5 ac) or 0.9% of the total. Open water accounts for approximately 2,034.9 ha (5,028.3 ac) or 4.4% of the total mapped area. Within the natural or ruderal vegetation types, forest and woodland types were the most extensive at 43,022.19 ha (106,310.1 ac) or 94.0%, followed by herbaceous vegetation types at 129.7 ha (320.5 ac) or 0.3%, sparse vegetation types at 119.2 ha (294.5 ac) or 0.3%, and shrubland types at 43.4 ha (107.2 ac) or 0.1%. A total of 784 AA samples were collected to evaluate the map?s thematic accuracy. When each AA sample was evaluated for a variety of potential errors, a number of the disagreements were overturned. It was determined that 182 plot records disagreed due to either an erroneous field call or a change in the vegetation since the imagery date, and 79 disagreed due to a true map classification error. Those records identified as incorrect due to an erroneous field call or changes in vegetation were considered correct for the purpose of the AA. As a simple plot count proportion, the reconciled overall accuracy was 89.9% (705/784). The spatially-weighted overall accuracy was 92.1% with a Kappa statistic of 89.6%. This method provides more weight to larger map classes in the park. Five map classes had accuracies below 80%. After discussing preliminary results with the parl, we retained those map classes because the community was rare, the map classes provided desired detail for management or the accuracy was reasonably close to the 80% target. When the 90% AA confidence intervals were included, an additional eight classes had thematic accruacies that extend below 80%. In addition to the vegetation polygon database and map, several products to support park resource management include the vegetation classification, field key to the associations, local association descriptions, photographic database, project geodatabase, ArcGIS .mxd files for map posters, and aerial imagery acquired for the project. The project geodatabase links the spatial vegetation data layer to vegetation classification, plot photos, project boundary extent, AA points, and PLOTS database sampling data. The geodatabase includes USNVC hierarchy tables allowing for spatial queries of data associated with a vegetation polygon or sample point. All geospatial products are projected using North American Datum 1983 (NAD83) in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 15 N. The final report includes methods and results, contingency tables showing AA results, field forms, species list, and a guide to imagery interpretation. These products provide useful information to assist with management of park resources and inform future management decisions. Use of standard national vegetation classification and mapping protocols facilitates effective resource stewardship by ensuring the compatibility and widespread use throughout NPS as well as other federal and state agencies. Products support a wide variety of resource assessments, park management and planning needs. Associated information provides a structure for framing and answering critical scientific questions about vegetation communities and their relationship to environmental processes across the landscape.
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Ley, Matt, Tom Baldvins, David Jones, Hanna Pilkington et Kelly Anderson. Vegetation classification and mapping : Gulf Islands National Seashore. National Park Service, mai 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299028.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Gulf Islands National Seashore (GUIS) vegetation inventory project classified and mapped vegetation on park-owned lands within the administrative boundary and estimated thematic map accuracy quantitatively. The project began in June 2016. National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Inventory Program provided technical guidance. The overall process included initial planning and scoping, imagery procurement, field data collection, data analysis, imagery interpretation/classification, accuracy assessment (AA), and report writing and database development. Initial planning and scoping meetings took place during May, 2016 in Ocean Springs, Mississippi where representatives gathered from GUIS, the NPS Gulf Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network, and Colorado State University. Primary imagery used for interpretation was 4-band (RGB and CIR) orthoimages from 2014 and 2016 with resolutions of 15 centimeters (cm) (Florida only) and 30 cm. Supplemental imagery with varying coverage across the study area included National Aerial Imagery Program 50 cm imagery for Mississippi (2016) and Florida (2017), 15 and 30 cm true color Digital Earth Model imagery for Mississippi (2016 and 2017), and current and historical true-color Google Earth and Bing Map imagery. National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration National Geodetic Survey 30 cm true color imagery from 2017 (post Hurricane Nate) supported remapping the Mississippi barrier islands after Hurricane Nate. The preliminary vegetation classification included 59 United States National Vegetation Classification (USNVC) associations. Existing vegetation and mapping data combined with vegetation plot data contributed to the final vegetation classification. Quantitative classification using hierarchical clustering and professional expertise was supported by vegetation data collected from 250 plots in 2016 and 29 plots in 2017 and 2018, as well as other observational data. The final vegetation classification includes 39 USNVC associations and 5 park special types; 18 forest and woodland, 7 shrubland, 17 herbaceous, and 2 sparse vegetation types were identified. The final GUIS map consists of 38 map classes. Land cover classes include four types: non-vegetated barren land / borrow pit, developed open space, developed low – high intensity, and water/ocean. Of the 34 vegetation map classes, 26 represent a single USNVC association/park special, six map classes contain two USNVC associations/park specials, and two map classes contain three USNVC associations/park specials. Forest and woodland associations had an abundance of sand pine (Pinus clausa), slash pine (Pinus elliottii), sand live oak (Quercus geminata), yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), wax myrtle (Morella cerifera), and saw palmetto (Serenoa repens). Shrubland associations supported dominant species such as eastern baccharis (Baccharis halimifolia), yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), wax myrtle (Morella cerifera), saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), and sand live oak (Quercus geminata). Herbaceous associations commonly included camphorweed (Heterotheca subaxillaris), needlegrass rush (Juncus roemerianus), bitter seabeach grass (Panicum amarum var. amarum), gulf bluestem (Schizachyrium maritimum), saltmeadow cordgrass (Spartina patens), and sea oats (Uniola paniculata). The final GUIS vegetation map consists of 1,268 polygons totaling 35,769.0 hectares (ha) or 88,387.2 acres (ac). Mean polygon size excluding water is 3.6 ha (8.9 ac). The most abundant land cover class is open water/ocean which accounts for approximately 31,437.7 ha (77,684.2 ac) or 87.9% of the total mapped area. Natural and ruderal vegetation consists of 4,176.8 ha (10,321.1 ac) or 11.6% of the total area. Within the natural and ruderal vegetation types, herbaceous types are the most extensive with 1945.1 ha (4,806.4 ac) or 46.5%, followed by forest and woodland types with 804.9 ha (1,989.0 ac) or 19.3%, sparse vegetation types with 726.9 ha (1,796.1 ac) or 17.4%, and shrubland types with 699.9 ha (1,729.5 ac) or 16.8%. Developed open space, which can include a matrix of roads, parking lots, park-like areas and campgrounds account for 153.8 ha (380.0 ac) or 0.43% of the total mapped area. Artificially non-vegetated barren land is rare and only accounts for 0.74 ha (1.82 ac) or 0.002% of the total area. We collected 701 AA samples to evaluate the thematic accuracy of the vegetation map. Final thematic accuracy, as a simple proportion of correct versus incorrect field calls, is 93.0%. Overall weighted map class accuracy is 93.6%, where the area of each map class was weighted in proportion to the percentage of total park area. This method provides more weight to larger map classes in the park. Each map class had an individual thematic accuracy goal of at least 80%. The hurricane impact area map class was the only class that fell below this target with an accuracy of 73.5%. The vegetation communities impacted by the hurricane are highly dynamic and regenerated quickly following the disturbance event, contributing to map class disagreement during the accuracy assessment phase. No other map classes fell below the 80% accuracy threshold. In addition to the vegetation polygon database and map, several products to support park resource management are provided including the vegetation classification, field key to the associations, local association descriptions, photographic database, project geodatabase, ArcGIS .mxd files for map posters, and aerial imagery acquired for the project. The project geodatabase links the spatial vegetation data layer to vegetation classification, plot photos, project boundary extent, AA points, and the PLOTS database. The geodatabase includes USNVC hierarchy tables allowing for spatial queries of data associated with a vegetation polygon or sample point. All geospatial products are projected using North American Datum 1983 (NAD83) in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 16 N. The final report includes methods and results, contingency tables showing AA results, field forms, species list, and a guide to imagery interpretation. These products provide useful information to assist with management of park resources and inform future management decisions. Use of standard national vegetation classification and mapping protocols facilitates effective resource stewardship by ensuring the compatibility and widespread use throughout the NPS as well as other federal and state agencies. Products support a wide variety of resource assessments, park management and planning needs. Associated information provides a structure for framing and answering critical scientific questions about vegetation communities and their relationship to environmental processes across the landscape.