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1
Weidenfeld, Katia, et Alexis Spire. « Punishing tax offenders in France and Great Britain : two criminal policies ». Journal of Financial Crime 24, no 4 (2 octobre 2017) : 574–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-05-2016-0030.
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Purpose Since 2008-2009, the governments in France and Great Britain have encouraged more rigorous penalization of tax evaders. This paper aims to investigate the implementation of these policies on the basis of an important and original empirical material. Design/methodology/approach The study done in France relies on interviews conducted with representatives of law enforcement agencies on public statistics and on an innovative database compiled from nearly 600 cases submitted to the judiciary. The comparison with Great Britain is developed through interviews conducted with different participants in the fight against tax fraud and statistical information. Findings This paper describes the recent evolution of the machinery for screening tax-related wrongdoings in France and in the UK. It demonstrates that whilst publicly calling for harsh punishment against tax dodgers, in practice, both governments tend to seek a balance between the growing demand for tax equality and the belief that the State should not intervene in the economic realm. This strategy leads to the over-representation of certain categories of taxpayers. Despite the commonalities resulting from the numerous filters before prosecution, the penal strategy takes on two different shapes on either side of the Channel: whereas the British institutions support an “exemplary punitive” system, French regulatory system favours a “quasi-administrative” treatment. The French tax authority continues to use the criminal procedures mainly as a financial instrument for the improved restitution of stolen taxes. The policy of Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs, supported by the “Sentencing Guidelines”, aims much more at obtaining exemplary convictions. Originality/value Based on a large empirical material, this paper highlights the different outcomes of the criminal trials against tax evaders in the two countries.
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Cawood, Ian. « Corruption and the Public Service Ethos in Mid-Victorian Administration : The Case of Leonard Horner and the Factory Office* ». English Historical Review 135, no 575 (août 2020) : 860–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/ceaa249.
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Abstract While the problem of political corruption in mid-nineteenth century Britain has been much studied, the experience of corrupt behaviour in public bodies, both new and long established, is comparatively neglected. This article takes the example of one of the first inspectorates set up after the Great Reform Act, the Factory Office, to examine the extent of corrupt practices in the British civic state and the means whereby it was addressed. It examines the changing processes of appointment, discipline and promotion, the issues of remuneration and venality, and the relationships between inspectors, workers, factory owners, the government and the wider civil service, and the press and public opinion. The article argues that the changing attitudes of the inspectors, especially those of Leonard Horner, were indicative of a developing ‘public service ethos’ in both bureaucratic and cultural settings and that the work of such unsung administrators was one of the agencies through which corrupt behaviour in the civic structures of Victorian Britain was, with public support, challenged. The article concludes that the endogenous reform of bureaucratic practice achieved by the factory inspectorate may even be of equal significance as that which resulted from the celebrated Northcote–Trevelyan Report of 1854.
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Demchuk, N., et R. Havric. « Legal responsibility for illegal crossing of the state border : foreign experience of legal regulation ». Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no 1 (2 juillet 2022) : 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.01.25.
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In the scientific article, the authors conducted a study of foreign experience in prosecuting for illegal crossing of the state border under the laws of neighboring countries and the European Union. Based on the study, the authors concluded that according to foreign legislation on liability for illegal crossing of the state border, such acts are mostly criminal liability (especially post-Soviet states, except Ukraine, Belarus, Estonia and Moldova; the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Poland; France; Germany). However, the legislation of many European Union countries, including the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Estonia, provides for criminal liability only if there are aggravating circumstances when crossing the state border, providing for administrative liability for crossing the state border in other cases. Such circumstances are: use of force or threat of imminent use of force when crossing the state border, violation of the air border, ignoring the stop signal or order issued by a border guard official, crossing the border by a group of persons or a vehicle in a place not intended to cross the border, repeated offense while crossing the border, causing serious damage to health or life of a border guard official. Similarly, the legal regulation of legal liability for illegal crossing of the state border in Ukraine is an administrative offense, but in the presence of qualifying circumstances (illegal crossing of the state border to harm the interests of the state, as well as illegal crossing of the state border by a person prohibited entry into the territory of Ukraine, or representatives of units of the armed forces or other law enforcement agencies of the aggressor state) – a crime. Belarusian law provides for administrative liability for illegal crossing of the state border for the first time, and criminal liability for repeated offenses. States such as the Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Moldova, whose legislation does not provide for criminal liability for illegal entry and illegal stay in the country, consider illegal crossing of the state border exclusively as an administrative offense.
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Durdynets, Myroslav Yu, Raisa V. Perelyhina, Olga A. Klymenko, Iryna M. Semeniuk et Lidiia M. Kostetska. « Counteraction to Corruption Offences in Ukraine and the EU : Comparative Legal Aspect ». Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 9, no 5 (21 septembre 2020) : 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2020-0100.
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The article focuses on counteraction to corruption offences in Ukraine and the EU. To this end, the authors conducted a consistent analysis of international legal acts in the field of combating corruption, in particular the United Nations Convention against Corruption of 10/31/2003; Council of Europe Criminal Convention for the Suppression of Corruption (ETS 173) No. ETS173 of 01/27/1999; Resolutions (97)24 of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on the Twenty Guiding Principles for the Fight against Corruption, etc. The study provides a systemic analysis of individual cases of experience in counteraction to corruption offences in EU countries. Experience of Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Sweden, etc. is explored. The authors proved that all EU countries provide criminal liability for committing corruption offences. In different countries, criminal laws differ in the different levels of detailing of crime, as well as in the different content of the concept of corruption offence. It is proven that corruption must always be considered as criminal offence only. Today, such unambiguity is advisable in the fight against corruption in Ukraine, where the criminalization of a number of blatantly corrupt practices, such as unjust enrichment, lasts for a long period and is ambiguously effective. The article also concludes that the most effective approach of legal support for combating corruption is one that covers criminal prosecution, disclosure of information about public authorities and private entities, their income levels, their wealth, etc., as well as the interaction of law enforcement agencies with the fiscal authorities. On the example of EU countries, we showed that monitoring of financial information of public officials under the private and public laws with the proper level of analytical support for its processing provides the necessary basis for law enforcement agencies to initiate criminal proceedings for such crimes. Special attention is also paid to expanding the scope of administrative services provided by public officials as being covered by the attributes of corruption and lacking legislative support. This will significantly increase the level of transparency of the activity of public authorities, while reducing the level of corruption manifestations. An important conclusion of the article is that the effectiveness of criminal prosecution for committing corruption offences depends on the level of legal culture and the level of legal awareness of both the public and public servants.
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Sangster, Marcus. « Urban Fringe Forestry in Great Britain ». Arboriculture & ; Urban Forestry 19, no 1 (1 janvier 1993) : 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1993.010.
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In England opportunities for urban people to recreate in the nearby countryside are very limited. The current "Community Forestry" initiative provides incentives and support to landowners to encourage increased public access to woodlands and to open the countryside. In the United Kingdom, two government agencies, the Forestry Commission and The Countryside Commission, have targeted 12 areas to renew the urban-fringe landscape. Each area is drawing up plans for integrated landscape management using objective assessment techniques evolved by the two Commissions. Grant aid is available to landowners for management as well as new plantings. Local partnerships have been set up in each area to include landowning and environmental interests plus local governments and local and national volunteer groups.
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Sousounis, Panos, et Gauthier Lanot. « Social networks and unemployment exit in Great Britain ». International Journal of Social Economics 45, no 8 (13 août 2018) : 1205–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-04-2017-0137.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect employed friends have on the probability of exiting unemployment of an unemployed worker according to his/her educational (skill) level. Design/methodology/approach In common with studies on unemployment duration, this paper uses a discrete-time hazard model. Findings The paper finds that the conditional probability of finding work is between 24 and 34 per cent higher per period for each additional employed friend for job seekers with intermediate skills. Social implications These results are of interest since they suggest that the reach of national employment agencies could extend beyond individuals in direct contact with first-line employment support bureaus. Originality/value Because of the lack of appropriate longitudinal information, the majority of empirical studies in the area assess the influence of social networks on employment status using proxy measures of social interactions. The current study contributes to the very limited empirical literature of the influence of social networks on job attainment using direct measures of social structures.
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Furgała, Agata. « POLICE COOPERATION OF POLAND AND GREAT BRITAIN IN SCOPE OF BREXIT ». PRZEGLĄD POLICYJNY 141, no 1 (12 juillet 2021) : 241–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.0407.
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Leaving the UE by the UK has brought a number of consequences for bilateral Polish-British police and justice cooperation. The subject of the article was to present legal regulations, which provide the basis for international cooperation for British law enforcement agencies. The author analyzed and then evaluated the effectiveness of instruments of mutual cooperation. The articles focuses also on the assessment of Brexit consequences and its possible impact on the Polish-British police cooperation. It is worth emphasising that cross-border law enforcement cooperation - which includes police, customs, secret services and other law enforcement agencies, mainly concerns the most serious threats such as terrorism, organised crime, human traffi cking, money laundering, drug traffi cking or cybercrime. The article shows that the most unfavourable changes result from dropping the Schengen acquis by the United Kingdom - is disconnection from the second generation Schengen Information System. The article includes also information about The Agreement on Trade and Economic Cooperation between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, which has retained a number of important mechanisms for effective police cooperation between EU Member States and the United Kingdom. But although, as mentioned in the article, the Trade and Cooperation Agreement between the European Union and the United Kingdom provides upgrades of the tools of police and judicial cooperation, it is a matter of practise to verify these as sufficient.
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Savranchuk, L. L. « The essence of administrative discretion in the activities of public administration agencies ». Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no 1 (2 juillet 2022) : 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.01.37.
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The article examines the essence of administrative discretion in the activities of public administration bodies. The author proposes his own definition of administrative discretion as intellectual, creative activity of public authorities, local governments and their officials, established by legislation on self-assessment and decision-making and a certain choice of behavior, which has a legally significant result.
The selected properties that are inherent in administrative discretion: 1) are the right of public authorities, local governments and their officials to make decisions, carry out activities (inaction); 2) is implemented by the relevant circle of persons authorized by law; 3) the limits of discretion are limited by the law, it complies with the law and does not contradict them; 4) the process of applying administrative discretion is an intellectual and creative activity; 5) has a legally significant result.
It is emphasized that the functioning of public authorities in the exercise of administrative discretion should be subject to regulation and proper control, as often there is a problem of abuse of administrative discretion, the reasons for which are: ambiguity of laws, which creates the illusion of great authority; lack of proper level of training and knowledge of the official; exceeding the limits of discretionary powers.
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Goodwin, John, Catherine Dolbear et Glen Hart. « Geographical Linked Data : The Administrative Geography of Great Britain on the Semantic Web ». Transactions in GIS 12 (décembre 2008) : 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9671.2008.01133.x.
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Jantz, Bastian, Tanja Klenk, Flemming Larsen et Jay Wiggan. « Marketization and Varieties of Accountability Relationships in Employment Services : Comparing Denmark, Germany, and Great Britain ». Administration & ; Society 50, no 3 (22 avril 2015) : 321–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399715581622.
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In the past decade, European countries have contracted out public employment service functions to “activate” working-age benefit clients. There has been limited discussion of how contracting out shapes the accountability of employment services or is shaped by alternative democratic, administrative, or network forms of accountability. This article examines employment service accountability in Germany, Denmark, and Great Britain. We find that market accountability instruments are additional instruments, not replacements. The findings highlight the importance of administrative and political instruments in legitimizing marketized service provision and shed light on the processes that lead to the development of a hybrid accountability model.
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Braun, Dietmar. « Who Governs Intermediary Agencies ? Principal-Agent Relations in Research Policy-Making ». Journal of Public Policy 13, no 2 (avril 1993) : 135–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00000994.
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AbstractThe role of semi-public intermediary institutions is underestimated in political research. This paper elaborates the dynamics of the interaction pattern of mission-agencies, promoting and conducting research in the United States, Great Britain, France and Germany. The principal-agent-model serves as the organizing theoretical concept. By stressing the role of the third party, usually neglected in the model, it is shown that intermediary agencies in policy-making are drawn into cooperative and almost symbiotic relationships with the recipients of programs. The use of intermediary agencies becomes a double-edged sword for policy-makers. While close relationships with the scientific community improve the acceptance of political research programs, the formulation of research policies becomes subject to compromise and coalition building within funding agencies.
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Kutepova, Maryna. « DEVELOPMENT OF CONTEMPORARY DEVOLUTION PROCESSES IN GREAT BRITAIN ». Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Public Administration 15, no 1 (2022) : 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2616-9193.2022/15-4/9.
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The main purpose of the article is to analyze the devolutionary processes in Great Britain, which have intensified and institutionalized since the late twentieth century and continue to the present days, as well as their impact on the political and socio-economic development of its member countries – England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Theoretical and methodological basis of the study are scientific methods and methodological approaches to understanding the process of interaction of public authorities under conditions of devolution. An important condition of the chosen research strategy is the observance of the principles of objectivity, multifactoriality and systematicity. The study is based on methodological principles of a systematic approach. Using a systems approach makes it possible to study the interaction of public authorities in the UK in the context of devolution as a single system. Based on the fact that devolution involves the creation of certain institutions, as well as institutional adaptation to a management system that adapts to new conditions, the main methodological approach to analysis was the institutional approach. The article emphasizes that for a long time the United Kingdom has been a model of decentralized political governance based on the culture of civil society and the representation of local interests in the national government. To a large extent, Britain's sustainable development depends on a periodic political compromise. It can alleviate the main contradiction of the British political system – the dichotomy of the principles of the supremacy of parliament and regional self-government. It is proved that the decentralization of public administration in the UK means the devolution of central government and increasing the responsibility of local government in the expansion and development of various forms of interaction between state and society. In general, the process of decentralization of power in the UK is complex and ambiguous one. The process of devolution in the UK is characterized by asymmetry, as evidenced by the lack of legislative powers of England. In this context, it is stated that the procedure of interaction between public authorities at different levels is not well established. Today there is a significant number of control functions, levers of administrative and financial pressure on central offices, as well as the lack of clear recommendations by which local authorities could determine what is within their competence and address urgent issues more effectively.
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Ferejohn, John. « Reputation and Power : Organizational Image and Pharmaceutical Regulation at the FDA. By Daniel Carpenter. Princeton : Princeton University Press, 2010. 856p. $78.50 cloth, $35.00 paper. » Perspectives on Politics 10, no 3 (16 août 2012) : 797–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592712000941.
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Dan Carpenter's massive new study of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is a definitive study of regulatory politics and administrative behavior destined to stand alongside other classic studies of administrative agencies, such as Herbert Kaufman's The Forest Ranger (1960) or Martha Derthick's Policy Making for Social Security (1979). Like Carpenter's earlier work, Reputation and Power is marked by deep erudition, thorough scholarship, painstaking attention to detail, and a wide-ranging attention to alternative disciplinary paradigms. And it is argued with great craft, subtlety, and creativity both in developing its historical narrative and in its cogent theoretical analysis.
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Keramova, S. N. « Administrative legal proceedings in Russia and foreign countries : a comparative legal analysis ». Law Нerald of Dagestan State University 39, no 3 (2021) : 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21779/2224-0241-2021-39-3-80-84.
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The article provides a comparative legal analysis of the administrative proceedings in Russia and foreign countries: France, Germany, Great Britain, USA, Italy, Spain, Switzerland. The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the need to identify the existing shortcomings of administrative court proceedings in Russia and possible ways to eliminate them, as well as the ongoing reforms of administrative court proceedings in the country. The advantages and disadvantages of the administrative proceedings of these countries and Russia are indicated, changes in the system of bodies carrying out administrative proceedings are proposed. The result of the study is the formulation of conclusions on improving administrative legislation using the experience of foreign countries, as well as on the need to create specialized courts in Russia, which will contribute to a narrower qualification of judges, high-quality dispute resolution, as reduce the burden on courts of general jurisdiction
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Southall, Humphrey. « Rebuilding the Great Britain Historical GIS, Part 2 : A Geo-Spatial Ontology of Administrative Units ». Historical Methods : A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 45, no 3 (juillet 2012) : 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01615440.2012.664101.
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Carnis, Laurent. « The automated speed enforcement system in Great Britain : between a technical revolution and administrative continuity ». International Review of Administrative Sciences 73, no 4 (décembre 2007) : 597–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852307083462.
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Carnahan, Leslie R., Ananya Stoller, William Barshop, Genevieve Rizzo et Arden Handler. « Abstract A053 : Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a statewide breast and cervical cancer safety net screening and diagnostic program : Are there differences by rural – urban geography ? » Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & ; Prevention 32, no 1_Supplement (1 janvier 2023) : A053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp22-a053.
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Abstract Background: COVID-19 disrupted the healthcare system and services across the cancer continuum. Early on, breast and cervical (B & C) screenings were effectively halted, and many diagnostic and treatment procedures delayed. Emerging evidence suggests that uninsured populations and patients of color were disproportionately affected, but less is known about rural-urban differences. The Illinois Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Program (IBCCP), administered by agencies across 102 counties, provides screening and diagnostic services for low-income, uninsured, and underinsured persons. This study assesses the impact of COVID-19 on agencies’ administrative functions and clients’ ability to receive services, and to examine rural-urban differences. Methods: IBCCP coordinators were invited to complete an online survey that asked about COVID-19’s effect on administrative functions and services at two different time periods, the height of the pandemic and in the past month (11/2021-12/2021). Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to examine differences between rural and urban agencies (classified by using the 2013 NCHS Urban-Rural Classification Scheme).Results: In total, 32 agencies (50% urban, 50% rural), responded. Concerning administrative functions, in the past month compared to at the height of the pandemic, fewer agencies overall reported that COVID-19 had a moderate to great impact (compared to occasional or no impact) on staffing (47% vs. 74%) and client enrollment (34% vs. 90%). Although not significant, more rural than urban agencies reported effects on staffing (56% vs. 38%) and enrollment (50% vs. 19%) in the past month. Concerning clients’ ability to receive services, in the past month compared to the height of the pandemic, fewer agencies overall reported COVID-19 effects on screening (31% vs. 75%), diagnostic (19% vs. 61%), and treatment (3% vs. 38%) services. Some rural-urban differences were noted; at the height of the pandemic, urban agencies were more likely to report effects on diagnostic (88% vs. 33%, p=.002) and treatment (56% vs. 19%, p=.028) services when compared to rural. Although not significant, in the past month, more urban (vs. rural) agencies reported COVID-19 related effects on screening (44% vs. 19%), diagnostic (31% vs. 6%), and treatment (7% vs. 0%) services. Conclusion: Overall, agencies implementing this safety net program are generally rebounding from the pandemic’s effect on administrative functions and clients’ ability to receive services. However, rural and urban agencies may be differentially affected by the pandemic. For example, in the past month, a greater proportion of rural agencies reported effects on administrative functions Interestingly, more urban agencies reported lingering effects on clients’ ability to receive screening and diagnostic services. These trends suggest that rural and urban agencies may be differentially affected by the pandemic and geographically tailored responses may best support recovery. Citation Format: Leslie R. Carnahan, Ananya Stoller, William Barshop, Genevieve Rizzo, Arden Handler. Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a statewide breast and cervical cancer safety net screening and diagnostic program: Are there differences by rural – urban geography? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A053.
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Turner, Daniel S., Jay K. Lindly et Rodney N. Chester. « Citizen Concerns and Public Awareness : Metrication Examples ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1552, no 1 (janvier 1996) : 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155200113.
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The United States is in the process of implementing the metric system. U.S. highway agencies are among the leaders in this effort. One troublesome aspect of being in the lead is that there appears to be no coordinated national public relations program to set the stage for the conversion. Several metric conversion experiences, those in Canada, Australia, and Great Britain, an Ohio research project, and the recent FHWA rule making for sign conversion, are reviewed to determine public awareness and citizen concerns. The conclusions drawn from those studies reinforce the need for an overall, well-coordinated, strong national public education program. Examples illustrate that success is possible (Canada and Australia) with such a program, but without it metrication can grind to an incomplete halt (Great Britain). Currently, the U.S. experience seems to most closely resemble the British metric conversion experience.
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Wujastyk, Dominik. « Policy Formation and Debate Concerning the Government Regulation of Āyurveda in Great Britain in the Twenty-First Century ». Asian Medicine 1, no 1 (16 janvier 2005) : 162–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157342105777996719.
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Since 2000, the British House of Lords and the Government have been working towards a regulatory scheme for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in Britain, a scheme that will include āyurveda. The present paper discusses these regulatory moves by the Government, and suggests that shortcomings in the range and type of evidence taken into account by the various Government agencies will leave a legacy of difficulties for CAM practitioners and their patients.
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Melnyk, Nataliya. « FEATURES OF PROFESSIONAL PREPARATION FOR PRESCHOOL IN THE GREAT BRITAIN ». Continuing Professional Education : Theory and Practice, no 1-2 (2018) : 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/1609-8595.2018(1-2)98108.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept meaning «qualification» in the European scientific terminology, analyzes its contextual peculiarities. It is distinguished that what is meant by qualification requirements is characterized by documents certifying the qualification of a teacher in European countries, as well as the terminology «qualified preschool teacher» in the context of the European dimension of higher education is explained. The author outlines the analysis of peculiarities of pre-school teachers’ qualifications in the UK. Among the key competencies of the pre-school teacher, which governs the qualification requirements for «Early Years Professional with EYP Status» in the UK, the following are identified: Knowledge and understanding of the peculiarities of the planning, organization and implementation of the educational process, effective professional activities, mutual understanding and cooperation with children, communication and ability to work with families and caregivers, teamwork and cooperation, professional development. The factors influencing the formation of qualification requirements and the content of professional competence are determined. The main professional profiles and profiles of the professional competence of preschool teachers in Britain are described in the article; the main contradictions in the attribution of qualifications are outlined in the issue. Proficiency profiles for UK preschool teachers include a description of the requirements for working with children, parents, colleagues, the public and self-development competencies for the qualification of «Early Years Professional with EYP Status». The research’s results identifies, that the qualification requirements for preschool teachers in the UK, despite on the diversity of the administrative system and the functioning of the three models of vocational training, are characterized by similarity and, in general, are of an integrated nature. In the restructuring of pre-school teacher training in the United Kingdom, in particular, professional competence, the content of training, the development and improvement of professional profiles have been prioritized.
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McAdams, A. James. « Spying on Terrorists : Germany in Comparative Perspective ». German Politics and Society 25, no 3 (1 septembre 2007) : 70–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2007.250304.
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Intelligence and law enforcement agencies in western democracies are turning increasingly to electronic surveillance tools in their efforts to identify and combat new terrorist threats. But this does not mean that they are equally equipped to undertake these measures. As the author shows by comparing surveillance activities in three countries—Great Britain, the United States, and Germany—the Federal Republic's more restrictive legal norms and institutions provide its government with much less freedom of maneuver than its allies.
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Tsaur, Ruey-Chyn, et Chyoug-Hwa Chen. « Sustainable Tourism Planning for Taiwanese in Administrative Effects with Respect to Chinese Arrivals ». Sustainability 10, no 12 (12 décembre 2018) : 4729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124729.
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It has been a crucial achievement for most of the destinations to open up and develop a new inbound market, which means a great opportunity to increase the arrivals and economic benefits. The mighty Chinese outbound market is a welcomed resource but not always the assurance of the economics growth and industries’ profits. While foreseeing the excessive arrivals and low-price groups are harmful to the tourism business and society, the criticism and negative impression shall be prevented in advance. With the considerations of sustainable tourism and a good relationship with China, Taiwan has established a comprehensive administrative tourism mechanism on receptions of travel agencies. The unique mechanism was designed to foster the healthy business models, to construct the win-win political and economic situations, and to ease the possible impacts. By applying the Importance–Performance Analysis, this study reveals the administrative direction that needs to be revised. Among these control requests, the reasonable group fee is the key to fitting the anticipation of receptions of travel agencies. This study further proposes the Importance–Support Analysis and Importance–Performance–Support Analysis frames to enhance the validity of the Importance.
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Yudko, Liudmyla. « Discourse of Tolerance in the Paradigm of Enhancing the Information Security of the State (Case Study of the Special Agencies of Great Britain, Germany and Ukraine Web Pages) ». Information Security of the Person, Society and State, no 26 (2019) : 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51369/2707-7276-2019-2-3.
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The article analyzes the pragmatic aspect of the discourse of tolerance of the special agencies of Great Britain, Germany and Ukraine web-pages; the role of the discourse of tolerance for providing the information security of the state; the ramifications of the addresser-recipient relations system within institutional communications on the web-sites of the special agencies of the countries, whose languages are studied, which testifies to the formation of the tolerant discourse, aimed at providing feedback, preventing conflicts, forming a "peer circle"; the criteria and characteristics of the tolerant discourse are specified; recommendations for ensuring the gender perspective of the discourse of tolerance are formulated. Key words: discourse of tolerance, feedback, institutional communications, the gender perspective of the discourse of tolerance.
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Kiryukhin, Vladimir V. « The Establishment of the System of Protection of Law and Order on British Railroads in the 19th Century ». Administrative law and procedure 3 (10 mars 2022) : 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2071-1166-2022-3-74-77.
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The article analyzes the history of the formation of the system of law enforcement agencies on the railways of Great Britain in the XIX century. It is noted that the development of law enforcement forces developed in parallel with the expansion of the railway network. In conclusion, the author concludes that law enforcement measures on railways drew inspiration not only from advanced social practices, but also kept pace with technological progress, stimulating its development and replenishing the arsenal of protective technologies for many decades to come.
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Goncalves, Marcio Augusto, Carlos Alberto Gonçalves et Marcia Mascarenhas Alemao. « Decision making process and modes of governance : A comparative study between Brazilian and British hospitals ». Corporate Ownership and Control 8, no 3 (2011) : 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv8i3c1p1.
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This study was carried out to investigate similarities and differences in the decision-making process of managers (both, administrative and/or clinicians) within hospitals, taking as references Brazil and Great Britain and considering the cost information use. Exploratory and quantitative survey methods were used to test research questions. The research was undertaken in hospitals of the West Midlands Region/Great Britain and Minas Gerais State/Brazil. Hence, 26 hospitals in Great Britain and 22 in Brazil were detected as eligible and 150 intermediate level managers were randomly selected as units of research in each country. These organisations were considered public and possessing common and compatible characteristics with the intended research. After conducting the survey, using a structured questionnaire, semi-structured interviews with middle managers at chosen case study hospitals were undertaken. This work used quantitative survey methods to test the research questions but further understanding is gained through the use of case study interviews. In the cases analyzed, it was possible to identify significant differences in the decision making process considering the use of cost information in hospitals. This work also allowed inferences between the modes of governance in terms of the decision making process. The hospitals managers should curb situations that increase opportunism in decision-making process due to efficiency of process and control of costs procedures
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Xu, Xiao Wen, et Li Ying. « Research on Promoting the Construction of Online Government Service Platform with Standardization ». SHS Web of Conferences 96 (2021) : 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219601002.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The standardization of the online government service platform is of great significance to simplify the procedures and improve the efficiency of administrative licensing agencies. In this paper, the definition of online government service platform, from the law, policy background, the practice level, carry out the work of government services online analysis summarizes the necessity, the role of online government service platform and the existing problems, and analysis the reasons from the dimension of standardization, standardization can be targeted to summarize proposed online government service platform construction of three aspects of the role.
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Ryan, Liam. « Citizen Strike Breakers : Volunteers, Strikes, and the State in Britain, 1911-1926 ». Labour History Review : Volume 87, Issue 2 87, no 2 (1 juillet 2022) : 109–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/lhr.2022.5.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article provides the first systematic historical study of volunteer strike-breaking across a relatively broad time frame, focusing specifically on the period between 1911 and 1926. These years bore witness to the largest industrial conflict in British history, encompassing the Great Labour Unrest of 1911-14, the post-war strike wave of 1919-23, and the General Strike of 1926. The sheer size and scale of these strikes, which involved millions of workers and engulfed entire cities, towns, and communities, instigated a shift away from traditional strikebreaking agencies and actors and towards civilian volunteers. This article challenges prevailing interpretations of the General Strike, interwar political culture, and the implications of voluntary activism in early twentieth-century Britain. It sheds light on the hitherto unexplored role of volunteers during the Great Labour Unrest and highlights how this activity often provoked considerable violence on the part of strikers. Contrary to dominant interpretations centred on the General Strike, which often highlight the good spirits of the volunteers, this article pays more attention to the hostility, arrogance, and sense of social hierarchy that underpinned the volunteer world view.
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Zavarukhin, V. P., N. D. Frolova et D. V. Baibulatova. « Public-Private Partnership for the Development of Space Sector in the United States and Great Britain ». Russian competition law and economy, no 4 (13 janvier 2022) : 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47361/2542-0259-2021-4-28-76-87.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article provides an analysis of modern trends in building public-private partnership (PPP), gives an overview of key studies devoted to this subject in general and PPPs in the field of space activities in particular. The authors analyze the practice of public-private partnerships in the U. S. and Great Britain on the examples of specific mechanisms, their key features, advantages and disadvantages that determine the possibility of their application in different areas of government-business cooperation in the field of space exploration. In order to find possible ways for direct application or adaptation of this experience in Russia for organizing space exploration PPPs the researchers concluded that the level of high-tech production in this country is insufficient and significant administrative barriers for attracting private sector into the space industry are still present.
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Gregory, Ian. « Longitudinal Analysis of Age- and Gender-Specific Migration Patterns in England and Wales ». Social Science History 24, no 3 (2000) : 471–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200010270.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Many geographers have argued for the need to incorporate change over time into their analyses (see, for example, Haggett 1965; Hägerstrand 1970; Thrift 1977;Marsh et al. 1988); however, changes to administrative boundaries often mean that demographic statistics collected at two different dates cannot be directly compared. This has made it very difficult to study longitudinal change without resorting to undesirable levels of aggregation, typically to county level in Britain or state level in the United States. This article describes a technique that makes significant advances toward eliminating this problem: a researcher using this technique can compare statistics by standardizing all relevant data on a single set of administrative units. My article builds on the work of the Great Britain Historical GIS Project (Gregory and Southall 1998) and uses net migration as an example.The geographical information system (GIS) is not yet complete, so the article focuses on the methodological issues. These issues could be applied to a wide range of problems in historical geography. More broadly, it is hoped that the article will give some idea of the potential for using GIS to analyze spatially referenced data in the context of social science history.
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White, Julian. « Catalan Folk Sources in ‘Soirées de Barcelone’ ». Tempo, no 198 (octobre 1996) : 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298200005325.
Texte intégralRésumé :
What might have happened to Roberto Gerhard had he not left Spain at the end of the Spanis Civil War will remain one of the great imponderables of his career. His voluntary exile to Britain released him from the role of ‘responsible artist of the Spanish Republic’ – and from the many activities (musicological, literary, pedagogical and administrative) which however vital to the cultural politics of Catalonia had inevitably limited his composing time. He came to view exile as a ‘blessing in disguise’ and eventually took up British citizenship.
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Tylchyk, Vyacheslav, Tetiana Matselyk, Viktor Hryshchuk, Olena Lomakina, Markiian Sydor et Yevhen Leheza. « Administrative and legal regulation of public financial activity ». Cuestiones Políticas 40, no 72 (7 mars 2022) : 573–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4072.33.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of the research is the basic characteristics of the management of financial activity in countries such as: France, Germany, United States of America, Great Britain, and Sweden. The organizational structure of financial management bodies was studied and the participation of state legislatures in financial policy was emphasized. Also, a review of materials and methods was carried out based on the analysis of documents for the regulation of public financial activity. The methodology included a comprehensive analysis and generalization of the available scientific and theoretical material, as well as the formulation of relevant conclusions. During the research, the methods of scientific cognition were used: terminological, logical-semantic, functional, system-structural, logical-normative, comparative. It is concluded that the participation of all the higher powers of government is fundamental in the formation and implementation of public policy in the field of finance; this requires a wide range of bodies and institutions exercising control over financial activities; concentration of financial management in a single-line ministry, as well as distribution among several ministries and a clear division of powers between financial management bodies, among other aspects.
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Garout, Mohammed, Henry S. Tilney, Paris P. Tekkis et Paul Aylin. « Comparison of administrative data with the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland (ACPGBI) colorectal cancer database ». International Journal of Colorectal Disease 23, no 2 (25 octobre 2007) : 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00384-007-0390-z.
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Hultquist, Clark Eric. « Americans in Paris : The J. Walter Thompson Company in France, 1927–1968 ». Enterprise & ; Society 4, no 3 (1 septembre 2003) : 471–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700012684.
Texte intégralRésumé :
J. Walter Thompson (JWT), the leading American advertising agency until the 1970s, established a branch office in Paris in 1927. While many of JWT's worldwide branches became the leading agencies in their respective countries, notably Great Britain and Germany, JWT-Paris foundered from the late 1920s through the early 1960s. This article focuses on the reasons why: cultural clashes between the French and Americans, a regulated and protected French market, anti-Americanism among French businesses, and American condescension and insensitivity. It concludes with an analysis of and the reasons for JWT-Paris's achievement of limited success by the late 1960s.
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Dupan, Anna, et Juliana Bikbulatova. « Instruments for the protection of human rights violated during the study of human genome ». SHS Web of Conferences 134 (2022) : 00019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202213400019.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The paper contains a comparative analysis of legal instruments used in the Russian legislation and in the legislation of other countries (Germany, Great Britain, USA, Japan) to protect (prevent violations, restore) human rights violated during the study of human genome. It was concluded that the existence of a comprehensive system of legal means for the protection and restoration of human rights violated during the study of human genome, is an incentive for the development of genomic research. In this regard, in Russia it is necessary to amend civil acts, Information, Criminal and Administrative Law in order to establish the peculiarities of the compensation for harm to human rights violations when studying human genome, special (different from the general) procedure for obtaining voluntary informed consent for genomic research, as well as special offences and administrative offenses committed during the study of the human genome.
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Paslavska, N. « Historical and legal aspects of the restoration of administrative justice in West Germany after 1945 ». Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series : Law 2, no 74 (10 février 2023) : 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.74.46.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article is devoted to the issue of restoration of administrative justice in Germany after the Second World War. Historical and legal aspects of this process related to general administrative justice and branches of special administrative justice are considered. An overview of the legal and political background for the restoration of administrative justice in Germany after 1945 is offered. The impetus for the further development of the country in the post-war period was the political and territorial situation at the time of the collapse of Nazi Germany and its division into occupation zones, in which the allies - Great Britain, the United States of America, the Soviet Union and France - later formed lands, as well as the division of Berlin into relevant sectors. The debate over whether the German Reich ceased to exist as a subject of international law has been resolved in favor of the succession thesis, according to which Germany lost active legal capacity after the end of the war, but not passive legal capacity under international law. After the liquidation of administrative courts, the Allies restored them throughout Germany. This initiated the development and nationwide standardization of administrative justice, the establishment of the Federal Administrative Court in 1952 and the entry into force of the Regulation on Administrative Courts in 1960. The general provisions of the Allies on administrative justice in the western occupation zones and the conceptual reorientation of administrative justice in Germany after the Second World War are analyzed. Three concepts of legal protection in Germany were studied, each of which was used to a different extent and which formed a mixed system: (a) traditional administrative justice, i.e. legal protection by administrative bodies in the narrow sense of administrative appeal, (b) legal protection by courts of general jurisdiction and (c) legal protection by special, administrative courts.
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Sopilko, Iryna M., Roza M. Vinetska, Nataliia B. Novytska et Oleksandr Lyubchik. « Principles of Proper Procedure Formation for the Provision of Administrative Services in the Field of Health Care ». Cuestiones Políticas 39, no 68 (7 mars 2021) : 399–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3968.25.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article bases and determines the principles of the formation of appropriate procedures for the provision of administrative services in the field of health care. The deductive methodology used ensures the formation of non-conflict statements on the principles built on European democratic values. The desirability of classifying these principles into three groups has been demonstrated according to the criterion of the limits of the formation of the fundamentals (principles) of regulation: general legal principles, regulatory principles of good governance. Improving existing legislation underpins the importance of considering the principle of legal certainty, which stipulates the need to avoid the priority of regulating procedures for the provision of administrative services in general and in the field of health, in particular through the use of statutes. It is concluded that the further development of e-government is proposed as one of the implementing directions of the European experience, as well as the experience of the United States and Great Britain in organizing the provision of administrative services in the field of health care.
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Aucott, Paula, et Humphrey Southall. « Locating Past Places in Britain : Creating and Evaluating the GB1900 Gazetteer ». International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 13, no 1-2 (octobre 2019) : 69–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ijhac.2019.0232.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The GB1900 project used crowd-sourcing to transcribe all text from the second edition County Series six inch to one mile maps of Great Britain, published between 1888 and 1914, a total of c. 2.55m. geo-located text strings. These locate almost every farm and about half of all street names. The paper describes the final datasets, and how they were created. It then presents a detailed comparison with five other freely-available gazetteers of Britain: Geonames, the US government's NGA gazetteer, the Ordnance Survey's 50k and Open Names datasets, and the English Place Name Survey's DEEP project. Comparisons are presented at national level and, more qualitatively, for an area of eastern England. The results demonstrate both GB1900's greater volume of geo-located entries and its ability to locate places and features identified in other historical sources beyond administrative hierarchies: this is the most detailed historical gazetteer, certainly for Britain and possibly for anywhere. The final online system is described, including its integration of place name histories from DEEP.
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Ashworth, Margaret, et Debra Osborn. « System Level Provision for the Gifted Child : a Western Australian Initiative ». Gifted Education International 5, no 2 (janvier 1988) : 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026142948800500211.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Providing education for gifted and talented students presents its own administrative problems for education authorities. The State of Western Australia, with a population of 1.5 million and an area 10 times the size of Great Britain, has had considerable experience in tackling a wide range of education challenges. In the field of education of the gifted and talented the challenge has been taken up by PEAC. Every 10, 11 and 12 year old child attending a Government Primary School in the State of Western Australia has access to PEAC—the Primary Extension and Challenge Programme for intellectually talented students.
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Sherstoboev, O. N. « Nullity of Administrative Acts : Grounds, Legal Regime, Discretion ». Siberian Law Review 18, no 2 (20 octobre 2021) : 228–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.19073/2658-7602-2021-18-2-228-242.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The issues of criteria for the nullity of administrative acts are considered, the ratio of an illegal and invalid act, as well as a null and void act, analyzed, the possibility of administrative discretion in determining an invalid administrative act is analyzed, the role of vague legal concepts when an administrative act is declared invalid is demonstrated. The Author uses a comparative legal method, including the analysis of the practice of Germany, Great Britain, South Africa, Canada, Japan, South Korea, Russia and other countries. Special attention is paid to the laws on administrative procedures adopted in the post-Soviet territory and the influence of the German doctrine on this process. It is concluded that for the continental legal order the most preferable way to formalize the criteria for the invalidity of an administrative act are laws on administrative procedures or their analogs, while in the common law states, legal doctrine and judicial practice are of great importance. At the same time, many countries avoid recognizing acts as null and void, preferring the construction of their voidability. This is related to ensuring the stability of public administration, the predictability of administrative activities, and the protection of legitimate expectations. In any case, the theory of the reality of the administrative act is prevailing, and nullity is rather viewed as an anomaly. Therefore, only acts that are adopted with the most significant violations, which do not allow talking about the fair consequences of their adoption, are considered invalid. The illegality of an act does not automatically entail its nullity. A similar trend can be traced in Russia, although individual norms of law and practice of courts indicate the possible formation of a doctrine of the invalidity of an administrative act in the Russian legal system. Insignificant acts do not give rise to consequences from the moment of their adoption, legally they do not exist, and nothing can generate anything. With this approach, the courts only fix the criterion of invalidity without a dispute about law. Insignificant acts should be distinguished from contested ones, the latter may turn out to be illegal, but for a number of reasons (for example, protection of trust) the fact of their existence is confirmed along with their consequences.
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Balliu, Henris. « Comparative Review of Tax Systems in the Republic of Albania and Great Britain ». European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 4, no 2 (1 août 2018) : 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ejes-2018-0049.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract The taxation system is most certainly one of the main pillars of economic development towards sustainable growth.The aim of this paper is to critically assess the importance of an effective Tax System, its impact on the Albanian economy. Furthermore we shall outline a comparison of the Albanian Tax system to that of the United Kingdom. At this time a number of very important reforms are being undertaken by the government of Albania in light of future integration towards the European Union.The overview on the United Kingdom has the aim to enlighten the path on what should be our focus while building a Tax System that can help economic growth, to that effect Great Britain as a country of a stable and strong economy can be of example.Many differences can be noticed between the United Kingdom tax system and the Albanian one. This fact is simple to be accepted as Britain is one of the world superpowers, while the Albanian economy is a developing one. The tax systems in these two countries, the development history, application of VAT or Income Tax have had very different processions.The United Kingdom has one of the most voluminous Tax Acts in the world. The international company of legal research “LexisNexis” discovered that the Acts of Parliament on Taxation in the United Kingdom have more than doubled since 1997. The annual amendments to taxation are part of the Finance Act which has the power to change norms and principles of taxation as previously defined. Taxation in the United Kingdom usually includes payments for central government agencies called Her Majesty’s Revenues and Incomes and local councils. Local Councils collect a tax called business norms from businesses. The Albanian Taxation System consists of a packet of laws, regulations, guidance and tax agreements, on the procedure of application, measure, amendment and removal of taxes.Taxes are the main source of income in the state budget and the local government budget and the foundation of the whole Albanian tax system. In conclusion, we shall analyze the impact of the frequent changes to Taxation Law within the Albanian system and the challenges faced in light of this changes in terms of implementation and application.
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Aylin, P., T. Lees, S. Baker, D. Prytherch et S. Ashley. « Descriptive Study Comparing Routine Hospital Administrative Data with the Vascular Society of Great Britain and Ireland's National Vascular Database ». European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 33, no 4 (avril 2007) : 461–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2006.10.033.
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Lisenkov, Oleg. « Modern Age empires : colony management principles on the example of Great Britain and France ». Genesis : исторические исследования, no 6 (juin 2020) : 38–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2020.6.33316.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The object of this research is the colonial policy of the two largest European empires of the Modern Age: France and Great Britain. In the course of conquering new lands, these countries faced the problem of managing vast territories and diverse indigenous population. The solution consisted in establishment of effective colonial management systems. The peculiarities of functionality of such systems became the subject of this research. The goal lies in determination of specificity of organization and operation of the systems of colonial management in the British and French Empires from the perspective of their interrelation with cultural factors. The conclusion is made that the British Empire retained the traditional government system on the conquered territories – indirect management. The French Empire either replaced the traditional government institutions with European analogues or included traditional system into their system of management as a lower administrative link – direct management. Comparing the described management system, the author notes the French approach was more resource-intensive and did not allow gaining a large profit. This lead to an assumption that the colonial management policy was affected by both, cultural and economic factors. The scientific novelty consists in examination of the systems of colonial management from the perspective of their interrelation with the imperial strategies that are based on the policy of recognition of population differences. Such strategies could be implemented within the framework of two paradigms: unification (formation of the unified imperial culture and institutions in all subordinated territories), and diversity (preservation on the conquered territories of the local cultural and political institutions). Further on, the examples of India, Africa and other regions would demonstrate that there is a direct link between the indicated British and French imperial strategies and systems of colonial management.
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Kulikov, V. A. « PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AS AN INSTRUMENT OF STATE INVESTMENT POLICY : ECONOMIC MODELS AND LEGAL REGULATION ». ECONOMIC VECTOR 4, no 27 (décembre 2021) : 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36807/2411-7269-2021-4-27-28-34.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article presents the organizational and legal characteristics of public-private part-nership as one of the effective instruments of state financial policy. The origin of the PPP institute in foreign countries is considered: Great Britain, USA, etc. The branches of law regulating PPP in the Russian Federation are characterized. The advantages of PPP for the state and business are described: reducing the burden on the budget, access to state assets, synergy of the administrative resource of the state and the innovative po-tential of business, etc. The PPP models are characterized: ВОТ, DBOT, BOOT, etc., as well as organizational and legal forms of PPP implementation: concession, life cycle partnership, etc.
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Hetman, Yevhen A., Viacheslav S. Politanskyі et Kateryna O. Hetman. « Global experience in implementing electronic administrative services ». Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine 28, no 1 (24 mars 2021) : 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37635/jnalsu.28(1).2021.79-87.
Texte intégralRésumé :
One of the factors for the development of civil society in democratically developed countries is an effective, wellfunctioning institution for providing administrative electronic services. Despite the intensity and wide scope of research covering various aspects of providing electronic administrative services to the population, many issues in this area remain quite debatable, as well as understudied, which conditioned the relevance of the study. The study is aimed at investigating the specific features of implementing electronic administrative services in the practice of countries with the most developed e-government mechanisms. In the study of the problem, a set of general scientific and special methods of cognition was used, in particular, the leading methods were: dialectical, comparative legal, analysis, synthesis, interpretation. The study analysed criteria for evaluating electronic administrative services in the leading countries of the European Union and the United States. The study examines the basic electronic administrative services for citizens in online mode provided in the countries of the European Commonwealth. The study examines the global experience of implementing electronic administrative services in such countries as: USA; France; Great Britain; Germany; Estonia and Sweden. The author’s approach to defining the concept of electronic administrative services is formulated, based on a personal interpretation of this concept from the standpoint of general theoretical analysis. It is concluded that one of the best ways to encourage the provision of administrative services in electronic form in the countries of the European Union is to standardise their provision – the development of clear organisational and technical-technological rules and requirements, and their main position is that the provision of services through electronic means of communication should complement, and not replace other communication channels
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Nikolic, Anja. « Similarities and differences in imperial administration Great Britain in Egypt and Austria-Hungary in Bosnia-Herzegovina 1878-1903 ». Balcanica, no 47 (2016) : 177–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc1647177n.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article discusses the similarities and differences of the position of Great Britain in Egypt and Austria-Hungary in Bosnia-Herzegovina in the age of New Imperialism. Comparative approach will allow us to put both situations in their historical context. Austria-Hungary?s absorption of Bosnia-Herzegovina was part of colonial involvement throughout the world. Egypt and Bosnia-Herzegovina were formally parts of the Ottoman Empire, although occupied and administrated by European Powers. Two administrators, Evelyn Baring as consul-general in Egypt and Benjamin von K?llay as civil administrator of Bosnia-Herzegovina, believed that it was their duty to bring ?civilization?, prosperity and western culture to these lands - a classic argumentation found in the New Imperialism discourse. One of the most important tasks for both administrators was fighting the national movements, which led to the suppression of political freedoms and the introduction of a large administrative apparatus to govern the newly-occupied lands. Complete control over political life and the educational system was also one of the major features of both administrations. Both Great Britain in Egypt and Austria-Hungary in Bosnia-Herzegovina never tackled the agrarian question for their own political reasons. British rule in Egypt and Austro-Hungarian in Bosnia-Herzegovina bore striking resemblances.
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García Quesada, Mónica. « The EU as an “enforcement patchwork” : the impact of national enforcement for compliance with EU water law in Spain and Britain ». Journal of Public Policy 34, no 2 (1 novembre 2013) : 331–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x13000238.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractFailures of compliance with European Union (EU) directives have revealed the EU as a political system capable of enacting laws in a wide range of different policy areas, but facing difficulties to ensure their actual implementation. Although the EU relies on national enforcement agencies to ensure compliance with the EU legislation, there is scarce analysis of the differential deterrent effect of national enforcement in EU law compliance. This article examines the enforcement of an EU water directive, the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive, in Spain and the UK. It focuses on the existing national sanctions for disciplining actors in charge of complying with EU requirements, and on the actual use of punitive sanctions. The analysis shows that a more comprehensive and active disciplinary regime at the national level contributes to explain a higher degree of compliance with EU law. The article calls for a detailed examination of the national administrative and criminal sanction system for a more comprehensive understanding of the incentives and disincentives to comply with EU law at the national state level.
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Halaburda, N. A. « THE NATURE OF THE MODERNIZATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE IN THE ANGLO-SAXON LEGAL SYSTEM ». Actual problems of native jurisprudence 5, no 5 (octobre 2021) : 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/392199.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The main goal of the study is to determine the nature and features of the Anglo-Saxon legal system, the nature of the impact of common law principles, to clarify the legal status of UK tribunals, and highlight the main advantages and disadvantages of administrative tribunals compared to general courts. Unlike continental legal systems, Anglo-Saxon law emphasizes the procedural, pragmatic side of its operation. In the studied legal system there are several positions on the understanding of the concept of “administrative justice”: first, it is the existing procedure for appealing against decisions and actions of public administration and officials in court, i. e. a special type of judicial activity; secondly, it is the activity of tribunals as quasi-judicial bodies. In addition, many countries belonging to the Anglo-Saxon legal family have the principle of mandatory prior (pretrial) recourse to administrative justice disputes. Only after consideration of the pre-trial appeal by the authorized quasijudicial bodies is it possible to open the procedure in the general court. The Anglo-Saxon system of administrative justice is based on the doctrine of equality of all officials before the courts and the prevention of the removal of officials from the jurisdiction of the same courts that other citizens deal with. An analysis of the administrative justice of Great Britain (Anglo-Saxon version) allows us to conclude that it operates at the junction of the executive and judicial branches of government. Administrative justice is linked to the executive branch by the fact that its bodies are in close cooperation with the active administration. Instead, it is brought closer to the judiciary by the fact that courts of general jurisdiction act as an appellate instance against decisions of administrative tribunals. The activities of these bodies are departmental in nature and, unlike the continental model of administrative justice, do not carry the principle of universal jurisdiction.
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Sergienko, Aleksandra. « Organization of school leaders&apos ; training abroad : approaches to training and guidance ». Man and Education, no 3 (68) (2021) : 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.54884/s181570410019381-4.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article provides an overview of the organization of the school leaders professional development in a number of foreign countries. The official requirements for persons wishing to become school leaders abroad are described: teaching experience, administrative experience, experience as a supervisor, special training and education. It is shown that the level of professionalism of the school head varies from country to country and different types of development programmes are offered. Countries' approaches to training and supporting school principals are divided into: a) pre-service or preparatory training, b) induction training, c) in-service training. All three types of training are discussed in detail with examples from selected countries (Great Britain, Netherlands, Australia, Sweden, Austria, etc.).
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Odintsov, Oleh, Natalia Ilchenko et Dmytro Lyashov. « INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF ORGANIZATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES ». Proceedings of Scientific Works of Cherkasy State Technological University Series Economic Sciences, no 60 (19 avril 2021) : 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24025/2306-4420.1.60.2021.228188.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article considers the international experience of the organization of administrative services in the system of public services. The international experience of providing administrative services by the authorities in Germany, Poland, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Canada, and the USA is studied. Positive experience in solving the problems of organizing the provision of quality administrative services by the authorities of these countries has been revealed. Possibilities of using international experience in providing administrative services in Ukraine have been studied. Emphasis is placed on the prospects of the Polish experience in the provision of administrative services, in particular on the policy of reducing communication between providers and consumers of administrative services while maintaining the quality of these services, as well as active involvement of the private sector in the service delivery process. The German experience of improving the organization of administrative services may be relevant. The establishment of a mechanism for the provision of administrative services states that a removal of public authorities, in particular local governments, from the direct course of service provision is sufficiently effective and realistic example. In this case, the authorities are given only the functions of control and supervision, which allows them to perform more important tasks. The introduction of a quality management system in government has enabled individuals and legal entities to receive services at a decent level. In the selection of employees who perform the functions of providing services to citizens, in addition to professional qualities, attention is also paid to personal qualities, because close contact with customers involves the impact of the human factor on service activities. As a result of all administrative reforms in the country, multi-channel access to various services has been organized on a "single window" basis and a feature of positive changes in the public sphere based on the culture of national identity the culture of statehood. Ways to improve the provision of administrative services in public administration are proposed. Practical recommendations for improving the organization of administrative services in the country are provided.
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Elizabeth Metcalfe, Sharon. « Developing International Clinical Placements : Enhancing Student Awareness ». POJ Nursing Practice & ; Research | Volume 1- Issue 4 – 2017 1, no 4 (21 décembre 2017) : 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32648/2577-9516/1/4/003.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Throughout the globe, university schools of nursing have implemented foreign exchange excursions for nursing students to experience nursing care of a variety of patients from various cultures and ethnic backgrounds. There is a dearth of these clinical placements though that are focused upon developing student awareness of nursing placement leaders. This article describes the learning provided from clinical nursing mentors who guide the students in enhancing their awareness of cultural awareness, socialized and capitalistic healthcare, as well as the role of nursing leaders. This article’s purpose is to showcase an international program that has been in existence for eleven years that has combined the educational and clinical focus of two international university schools of nursing and two children’s hospitals that are located in a district in Great Britain, as well as the Southeastern United States. This program utilizes a special educational clinical placement method that has allowed both students from Great Britain and the Southeastern United States to select their clinical nursing mentor and specify the desired learning environment in both the hospital clinical and community environment. Both successes and challenges of the joint international clinical placement program are presented and the recommendations for other schools of nursing as well as clinical hospital agencies that desire to embark on developing a mutually satisfying clinical placement program. Key words: Clinical Placement, Clinical Nursing Mentor, Exchange Programs