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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Adhesive film characterization »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 11 janvier 2025

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Adhesive film characterization"

Ezziani, Youness, Mounsif ECH-CHERIF El-Kettani, Damien Leduc, Pierre Marechal, Mathieu Ducousso et Nicolas Cuvillier. « High-resolution ultrasonic characterization of an adhesive film in an aeronautical assembly ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 2904, n^o 1 (1 novembre 2024) : 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2904/1/012002.

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Abstract In recent years, the increasing use of composite materials in aeronautical structures to reduce weight has led to a growing interest in non-destructive testing of adhesive joints. Such inspections aim to detect defects such as porosity or delamination and to identify detachments between the adhesive joint and the substrate. This study focuses on determining the properties of an adhesive film in aerospace assemblies involving titanium/composite materials. Specifically, it aims to precisely measure the thickness of the adhesive film and assess the adhesion quality using high-frequency, high-resolution non-destructive ultrasonic methods. The challenge lies in accurately determine the thickness and mechanical properties of the adhesive joint due to the highly contrasting impedance discontinuities in this type of structure: strong between the titanium and the adhesive, and weak between the adhesive and the composite.

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Zhang, Yu, Ye He, Jiayan Yu, Yuxin Lu, Xinhao Zhang et Lu Fang. « Fabrication and Characterization of EVA Resins as Adhesives in Plywood ». Polymers 15, n^o 8 (10 avril 2023) : 1834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15081834.

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The practical problem of free formaldehyde pollution in the plywood industry is that polyethylene films have been shown to be able to replace some urea–formaldehyde resins for wood adhesives. To broaden the variety of thermoplastic plywood, reduce the hot-press temperature, and save energy consumption, an ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) film was selected as a wood adhesive to manufacture a novel wood–plastic composite plywood via hot-press and secondary press processes. The effects of the hot-press and secondary press processes at different levels on the physical–mechanical properties of EVA plywood (tensile shear strength, 24 h water absorption, and immersion peel performance) were evaluated. The results showed that the properties of the resulting plywood using the EVA film as an adhesive could meet the type III plywood standard. The optimum hot-press time was 1 min/mm, the hot-press temperature was 110–120 °C, the hot-press pressure was 1 MPa, the dosage film was 163 g/m2, the secondary press time was 5 min, the secondary press pressure was 0.5 MPa, and the secondary press temperature was 25 °C. EVA plywood can be used in indoor environments.

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Chung, Cheng-Hung, Wen-Chang Shih et Wei-Ming Chiu. « Synthesis, characterization and properties of biomass and carbon dioxide derived polyurethane reactive hot-melt adhesives ». e-Polymers 19, n^o 1 (26 octobre 2019) : 535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2019-0057.

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AbstractPolyurethane reactive hot-melt adhesives (PURHs) are frequently employed in industries; however, there is still a need to develop more sustainable and versatile methodologies to expand the functions and fabrication of these important materials. Renewable feedstock can give PURHs with new functions, and reduce environmental impact. This study focuses on synthesizing PURHs using polyols derived from biomass (plants) and greenhouse gas (CO2) resources. These PURHs were characterized by multiple techniques, including solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), a dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), single-lap adhesive joints strength of stainless steel, and hydrolytic ageing. The PURH film based on biomass poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol (bio-PTMEG) exhibited better water vapor permeability, tensile strength, and adhesive joints properties than PURHs based on cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) polyester diol and poly(propylene carbonate)-poly(propylene glycol) (PPC-PPG) copolymer diol. The polyols blend of bio-PTMEG with biomass and CO2 based polycarbonate diols respectively provided PURHs films excellent hydrolysis resistance and adhesive strength on single-lap adhesively bonded stainless steel specimens. The work herein demonstrates that various renewable polyols can be employed in a sustainable fashion to optimize the structures and properties of PURHs for important applications.

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Yuan, Qihan, Qianqian Zhang, Xuecheng Xu, Yuqing Du, Jidong Xu, Yu Song et Yuanfei Wang. « Development and Characterization of Novel Orthodontic Adhesive Containing PCL–Gelatin–AgNPs Fibers ». Journal of Functional Biomaterials 13, n^o 4 (16 décembre 2022) : 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb13040303.

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Enamel demineralization around brackets is a relatively common complication of fixed orthodontic treatment, which seriously affects the aesthetics of teeth. In this study, a novel orthodontic adhesive containing polycaprolactone–gelatin–silver nanoparticles (PCL–gelatin–AgNPs) composite fibers was prepared to prevent enamel demineralization of orthodontic treatment. First, PCL–gelatin–AgNPs fibers film prepared by electrospinning was made into short fibers and added to traditional orthodontic adhesives (Transbond XT, 3M Unitek) in three different ratios to design a series of composite adhesives containing antibacterial materials. The antimicrobial performance of the control product and the three samples were then evaluated by bacterial live/dead staining, colony-forming unit (CFU) counts, tensile bond strength (TBS), and adhesive residue index (ARI) scores. The composite adhesives’ antimicrobial properties increased with the increasing content of PCL–gelatin–AgNPs short fibers. The addition of complex antimicrobial fibers to 3M Transbond XT adhesive can significantly reduce the CFU of bacterial biofilms (p < 0.05). The bacterial survival rate on the surface of the specimen decreased with the increase of PCL–gelatin–AgNPs short fibers (p < 0.05). The TBS and ARI values (n = 10) indicated that adding PCL–gelatin–AgNPs short fibers had no significant adverse effect on adhesion. Therefore, adding PCL–gelatin–AgNPs short fibers makes it possible to fabricate orthodontic adhesives with strong antibacterial properties without compromising the bonding ability, which is essential for preventing enamel demineralization around the brackets.

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Seok, Woong Cheol, Jong Tae Leem, Ju Hui Kang, Young Jun Kim, Sangkug Lee et Ho Jun Song. « Change of Characterization and Film Morphology Based on Acrylic Pressure Sensitive Adhesives by Hydrophilic Derivative Ratio ». Polymers 12, n^o 7 (7 juillet 2020) : 1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12071504.

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Hydrophilic acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) were synthesized by controlling the contents of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA), isobornyl acrylate (IBOA), and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA); especially, the characteristic change of the HEA content was analyzed. Surface contact angle of acrylic PSA film decreased from 77.87° to 70.23° in the case of Acryl-2 to Acryl-8 (below HEA 10 wt %). However, the surface contact angle of Acryl-10 to Acryl-40 (HEA 10 wt % to 40 wt %) increased up to 92.29°, indicating hydrophobicity. All acrylic PSA films showed high adhesive force above 1800 gf/25 mm. According to X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement, hydrophilic acrylic PSAs exhibited amorphous property and it was confirmed that the morphology of acrylic PSA film was significantly affected by the flexibility of the polymer chain and the strength of hydrogen bonding. The affinity with hydrophilic materials for acrylic PSA films was evaluated by T-type peel test, confirming that the affinity with hydrophilic materials is determined by the hydrophilicity of the acrylic PSA film. The synthesized acrylic PSA film is non-toxic regardless of the hydrophilicity.

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Qi, Jing Jing, Mao Bing Shuai, Yuan Lin Zhou et Feng Wen Chang. « Preliminary Structure Characterization of UV Curing Paint Film ». Advanced Materials Research 1120-1121 (juillet 2015) : 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1120-1121.49.

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PC film has some shortcomings such as low surface energy and strong rigidity. In order to improve the impact strength and adhesive properties of PC film, UV curing coating which was used on the surface of the PC film achieved good results. However, the combination between the UV curing paint-PC composite membrane had not been explained clearly. In this paper, we analyzed the structure of UV curing varnish oligomers. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) 、X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS) were used to characterize. Through the experiment, we had achieved 4, 4’ -Isopropyliden-edicyclohexanol(HBPA) and Phthalic acid . The existence of the two substances explained the reason why the lacquer had good adhesion, and the result also laid the foundation for the the characterization of the molecular structure about the film later.

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Zenner, Robert L. D., Cameron T. Murray et Carl Fisher. « Temperature Characterization in Anisotropic Conductive Film Adhesive Bonding ». Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology 22, n^o 14 (janvier 2008) : 1781–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156856108x320582.

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Thana, Thanit, et Karuna Tuchinda. « Study of the Effect of MoS₂and PTFE Based Coatings on Adhesive Wear of Stainless Steel ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 302 (février 2013) : 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.302.216.

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this paper, the adhesive wear characterization of MoS2, PTFE and mixture of MoS2 and PTFE films coated on stainless steel substrate, i.e. SUS440C, have been studied. The films were deposited by dry spray techniquecommercially available domestically. The films properties which are surface hardness, film thickness, surface roughness and adhesion strength were investigated. The thickness and the surface hardness of the films were approx. 7, 6.8 and 6.2 µm and 0.1,0,8 and 0.4GPa for MoS2, PTFE and the mixture of MoS2 and PTFE, respectively.The surface roughness of MoS2, PTFEwerefound to be similar with the value of Ra of approx. 0.302-0.303 µm. The mixture of MoS2 and PTFE showed smoother surface with the surface roughness (Ra) of approx.0.260µm. The PTFE film has shown better adhesion strength with higher critical load for first failure and full delamination. However, the failure pattern observed suggested lower severity of surface damage.Theresults fromtribologicaltests between the coated SUS440C ball and the SUS304 discshowedstrong effect of the coating on adhesive wear behavior of the contacting systems.For MoS2coated surface, the coatingsurface peeled offgraduallyuntil the surface ofthe substrate was revealed. Whereas, the PTFEcoated surface had delaminated immediately once in contact resulting in plate liked wear debris.The mixture ofMoS2 andPTFE haslower thefriction coefficient compared to the individual coating. Thewearbehavior found on the mixture of MoS2 and PTFE coated surface had similar characteristic to those found on surfacecoatingwithMoS2. It also showed lower wear occurrences with better appearance due to tearing wearat the edges of the worn suggesting better load capacity of the mixed film than the individual PTFE coating.

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Mo, Guowei, Yunxian Cui, Junwei Yin et Pengfei Gao. « Development and Characterization of ZnO Piezoelectric Thin Film Sensors on GH4169 Superalloy Steel Substrate by Magnetron Sputtering ». Micromachines 13, n^o 3 (28 février 2022) : 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13030390.

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At present, piezoelectric sensors are primarily applied in health monitoring areas. They may fall off owing to the adhesive’s durability, and even damage the monitored equipment. In this paper, a piezoelectric film sensor (PFS) based on a positive piezoelectric effect (PPE) is presented and a ZnO film is deposited on a GH4169 superalloy steel (GSS) substrate using magnetron sputtering. The microstructure and micrograph of ZnO piezoelectric thin films were analyzed by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and atomic force microscope (AFM). The results showed that the surface morphology was dense and uniform and had a good c-axis-preferred orientation. According to the test results of five piezoelectric sensors, the average value of the longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient was 1.36 pC/N, and the average value of the static calibration sensitivity was 19.77 mV/N. We selected the sensor whose parameters are closest to the average value for the dynamic test experiment and we drew the output voltage response curve of the piezoelectric film sensor under different loads. The measurement error was 4.03% when repeating the experiment six times. The research achievements reveal the excellent performance of the piezoelectric film sensor directly deposited on a GH4169 superalloy steel substrate. This method can reduce measurement error caused by the adhesive and reduce the risk of falling off caused by the aging of the adhesive, which provides a basis for the research of smart bolts and guarantees a better application in structural health monitoring (SHM).

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Kumar, Niranjan. « Electrical characterization of TSVs with varying process knobs and temporary bond/adhesive system robustness studies for 2.5D/3D manufacturing ». International Symposium on Microelectronics 2013, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2013) : 000233. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2013-tp14.

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TSVs are used to carry power/ground and signals straight to the heart of the logic/memory devices where all the intricate and busy architectures lie. I consider it like the downtown area inside a city where the real estate is more expensive and requires intricate design and execution. As a result in case of the TSVs, there is no room for electrical degradation and stress interaction with transistor devices (keep out zone). The Cu protrusion, it's interaction with the intricate local interconnects (M1 and below structures), the current leakage, capacitance, reliability, become highly critical to fully achieve the power per watt advantage of the TSVs. As a result, a thorough electrical characterization of TSVs with varying film properties and the process window becomes very critical for integration with the 20nm node (and below) devices. In this paper we will discuss implementation of modified oxide liner, barrier/seed, ECD fill and CMP of films to achieve robust TSVs for electrical parameter extraction. We will closely examine the impact of these film properties on the electrical performance and its repeatability to achieve wide process windows. Such studies are expected to improve manufacturing yields of TSV product wafers at fabs/foundries. Alternately, we will present detailed metrology studies of two temporary bond method/adhesive systems as it progresses through the thin wafer downstream processes (via-reveal processes). This exercise is targeted to address productivity and yield challenges with thin wafer processing (backside via-reveal process). We will attempt to demonstrate a robust temporary bond/adhesive system that exhibits no thin wafer damage/wrinkling and no edge profile degradation issues over repeated runs (production like). This study will help to characterize the adhesive and low temperature passivation film interfaces in details to support the thin wafer processing robustness for TSV manufacturing.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Adhesive film characterization"

Fike, Gregory Michael. « Determination of Polymer Film Development through Surface Characterization Studies ». Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6879.

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Unexpectedly, it was found that when a waterborne polyacrylate adhesive was placed on carbon steel it was not tacky; this was not the case for the same adhesive placed on stainless steel. It was determined that the surface energy, as measured with liquid contact angles, of the adhesive films is significantly different between the two films, with the non-tacky film having a higher surface energy. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that the non-tacky surface has a higher roughness which minimizes the contacting area between the film and a contacting surface. Analysis of the heating of the carbon steel coupon with infrared thermography shows a non-uniform temperature profile at the surface. This experimental data is corroborated using a 2-D heat transfer model that incorporates the heat transfer characteristics of the various components of carbon steel. Surface driven flow, or Marangoni convection, can develop from temperature gradients and are known to cause increased roughness in polymer films. IR thermography measurements of the adhesive film during drying shows larger temperature differences for the films on carbon steel than on stainless steel. These larger temperature differences induce greater Marangoni convection, which result in the rougher surfaces on carbon steel that were measured with AFM. The effect of lowering the tack of a polyacrylate film has significant impact in the dryer section of a paper machine. This effect was quantified using the Web Adhesion Drying Simulator, which is a laboratory-scale apparatus that measures the energy required to pull the sheet from a metal surface. By substituting the adhesive-on-stainless steel with the less-sticky adhesive-on-carbon steel surface, the energy required to pull the sheet from the metal surface was reduced significantly and the picking associated with the test was nearly eliminated.

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Manz, Daniela. « Caracterização vibracional e térmica de filmes poliméricos utilizados como substrato em curativos adesivos ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46132/tde-21052007-195731/.

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Um filme polimérico utilizado na fabricação de curativos adesivos não perfurados deve ter baixo módulo de elasticidade e boa permeabilidade ao vapor d\' água. O baixo módulo de elasticidade garante sensação de maior conforto do produto em contato com a pele quando a pessoa que o está utilizando movimenta a parte do corpo sobre a qual está aplicado o curativo, principalmente a região das articulações, como joelhos e cotovelos. A importância de uma boa permeabilidade ao vapor d\' água está relacionada, principalmente em curativos não perfurados, ao fato de que a pele perde água constantemente e, se o filme polimérico não permitir a saída dessa água ao meio ambiente, ocorrerá um fenômeno denominado maceração, que é a sensibilização excessiva da pele, causada pela hiper hidratação da mesma. O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo da permeabilidade ao vapor d\' água, bem como a caracterização vibracional e térmica de um filme polimérico constituído por três polímeros diferentes, desenvolvido para substituir a poliuretana utilizada atualmente na produção de curativos adesivos não perfurados, com custo inferior. Os polímeros que constituem o filme foram caracterizados separadamente e alguns resultados obtidos, como Tm e a estrutura química dos polímeros Lotader® e Lotryl® foram comparados aos dados fornecidos pelo fabricante. Verificou-se que as propriedades de módulo de elasticidade e permeabilidade ao vapor d\' água do filme desenvolvido são inferiores às da poliuretana inviabilizando a substituição. Entretanto, o trabalho proporcionou um melhor entendimento dos fatores que influenciam o módulo de elasticidade e a permeabilidade do novo material ao vapor d\' água.
A polymeric film must have low elasticity modulus and good water vapor permeation to be used in the production of non perforated adhesive tapes. Low modulus is desirable to provide comfort sensation as the consumer moves the part of his or her body in which the tape is applied on, mainly in the articulations regions, as elbows and knees. The importance of good water vapor permeation is related, mainly in the case of non perforated adhesive tapes with the continuous loss of water by the skin. If the film does not allow the release of the water continuously lost by the skin to the environment, the skin will become very sensitiveness as a result of over hydration. This work presents a study of water permeability and a thermal and vibrational characterization of a polymeric film composed of three different polymers developed to replace the adhesive not perforated polyurethane tape providing lower cost. Besides characterization a test of Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR) was performed. Each polymer present in the film composition was analyzed and the results as Tm and chemical structure of Lotader® e Lotryl® were compared with the producer data. It was verified that the properties of elasticity modulus and water vapor permeability of the new material developed are worse than polyurethane so the substitution can not be performed. However, the work provided a better understanding of the factors that influences the elasticity modulus and water vapor permeability of the new material.

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Ezziani, Youness. « Caractérisatiοn ultrasοnοre haute résοlutiοn d’un film adhésif dans un assemblage aérοnautique ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMLH14.

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Cette thèse s'intéresse à la caractérisation des propriétés d'un film adhésif dans un assemblage aéronautique tricouche de type Titane-Adhésif-Composite, représentatif de l’aube de fan du moteur LEAP. L'objectif principal est de déterminer avec précision l'épaisseur du film adhésif, ses propriétés mécaniques, ainsi que la qualité d’adhésion qu’il assure entre le titane et le composite, en utilisant des méthodes ultrasonores non destructives à haute fréquence, et donc à haute résolution. Cependant, cette détermination fine de l'épaisseur du joint adhésif et de ses propriétés mécaniques, des indicateurs clés de la qualité de l'adhésion, reste un verrou technologique non encore résolu dans l'industrie aéronautique en raison du contraste d'impédance très marqué dans ce type de structure : fort entre le titane et l’adhésif, et faible entre l’adhésif et le composite. L’enjeu de cette thèse est donc de relever le défi de la détection de l’écho de fond à l’interface Adhésif-Composite à haute fréquence. Ce défi est d'autant plus difficile que les hautes fréquences s'accompagnent d'une atténuation importante. Il est donc essentiel de trouver un compromis optimal entre une fréquence suffisamment élevée pour adapter la longueur d'onde à l'épaisseur de l'adhésif, mais pas trop élevée pour détecter les échos de fond, notamment l’écho de fond à l’interface Adhésif-Composite, avec une amplitude suffisamment exploitable. Dans un premier temps, une étude qualitative a été menée sur six échantillons tricouches (TA6V-Epoxy-Composite, fournis par Safran) à l’aide du microscope acoustique à balayage (SAM) PVA TEPLA 301, permettant la mesure précise de l’épaisseur du film adhésif époxy et l’évaluation de la qualité d’adhésion, en analysant l’écho de fond du film d’époxy, et en examinant la quantité d’énergie transmise à la couche composite en exploitant l’imagerie X-scan. Différents niveaux d'adhésion ont été identifiés : fort, moyen et faible. Par la suite, une étude quantitative a été réalisée à l’aide d’un modèle aux interphases, résolu par la méthode des séries de Debye, qui a permis de quantifier les niveaux d’adhésion de ces échantillons : un fort niveau d’adhésion pour l’échantillon 2 avec des coefficients d’adhésion (α = 1 et β = 1), un faible niveau d’adhésion pour l’échantillon 1 avec (α = 1 et β = 10⁻³), et un niveau d’adhésion moyen pour les échantillons 3, 4, 5 et 6 avec α = 1 et des valeurs de β intermédiaires
This thesis focuses on the characterization of the properties of an adhesive film in a three-layer aeronautical assembly of the Titanium-Adhesive-Composite type, representative of the fan blade in the LEAP engine. The main objective is to accurately determine the thickness of the adhesive film, its mechanical properties, and the quality of adhesion it provides between the titanium and the composite, using high-frequency, and therefore high-resolution, non-destructive ultrasonic methods. However, this precise determination of the thickness of the bonded joint and its mechanical properties, which are key indicators of the quality of the bond, remains an unresolved technological challenge in the aeronautical industry due to the significant impedance contrast in this type of structure : high between the titanium and the adhesive, and low between the adhesive and the composite. Therefore, the challenge of this thesis is to address the detection of the background echo at the Adhesive-Composite interface at high frequency. This challenge is further complicated by the significant attenuation associated with high frequencies. It is essential to find an optimal compromise between a frequency high enough to match the wavelength to the thickness of the adhesive, but not too high, in order to detect the background echoes, particularly the background echo at the Adhesive-Composite interface, with a sufficiently exploitable amplitude. Initially, a qualitative study was conducted on six three-layer samples (TA6V-Epoxy-Composite, provided by Safran) using the PVA TEPLA 301 scanning acoustic microscope (SAM), which allows the precise measurement of the epoxy adhesive film's thickness and the assessment of the quality of the adhesion by analyzing the background echo of the epoxy film and examining the amount of energy transmitted to the composite layer using X-scan imaging. Different levels of adhesion were identified : strong, medium, and weak. A quantitative study was then carried out using an interphase model solved by the Debye series method, which allowed for the quantification of the adhesion levels in these samples: a strong adhesion level for sample 2 with adhesion coefficients (α = 1 and β = 1), a weak adhesion level for sample 1 with (α = 1 and β = 10⁻³), and a medium adhesion level for samples 3, 4, 5 and 6 with α = 1 and intermediate β values

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Ashirgade, Akshay A. « Mechanistic study of the rubber-brass adhesion interphase ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1291145141.

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Oberoi, Sonia. « Synthesis and Characterization of Thin films of Novel Functionalised 2,5-Dithienylpyrrole Derivatives on Oxide Substrates ». Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1118754022012-45347.

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Conducting polymers find variety of application in many areas in microelectronics. PPY and PT are among the most extensively studied intrinsically conducting polymers. The problem of poor adhesion of the electrochemically deposited conducting polymers was the main focus of this work. This easy peeling of the PPY layer from the oxide substrate was circumvented by design of novel adhesion promoters, which compatibilise the two incompatible surfaces- the polymer film and the oxide substrate. The first part of the research was focused on the synthesis of different classes of adhesion promoters. These monomers were based on monoheterocyclic derivative of 3-substituted pyrrole and a tricyclic derivative of 2,5-dithienylpyrrole. The synthesized monomers were bifunctional with a specified and defined task for each group. Pyrrole based monomers, 3-phenyl N-alkyl pyrrolyl phosphonic acids referred as C10PhP and C12PhP and the monomers based on 2,5-dithienylpyrrole were synthesized with different anchoring groups namely, -Si(OMe)3 and-PO3H2 and spacer groups (n= 4, 6, 10, 12, benzyl). SNSnP for [(2,5-dithiophen-2-yl-pyrrol-1-yl)-dodecyl]-phosphonic acid, SNSnTMS for [(2,5-dithiophen-2-yl-pyrrol-1-yl)-alkyl]-trimethoxysilane and ArP for 4-(2,5-di-thiophen-2-yl-pyrrol-1-yl)-1-yl)-benzyl]-phosphonic acid was used as acronym for further references. The adsorption and self-organisation process as well as the surface reactions of these adhesion promoters on different oxide surfaces have been investigated. The aim was to graft conducting polymer layers covalently on modified metal oxide surfaces. This novel molecule has the self-assembling property and can bind to the surface via acid-base interactions with the oxide surface. The pre-treated oxide substrates were modified by self-assembling technique from solution. Static contact angle gave the first indication of a successful adsorption. The kinetics of adsorption was monitored by Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy (SPR), Angle-Resolved X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (AR-XPS) confirms that the molecules are standing with the phosphonic acid group present in the inner part of the self-assembled monolayer (SAM), and the 2,5-dithienylpyrrole group is free on the top for further surface reactions. Such self-assembling molecules can find applications in grafting conducting polymer layers on metal oxide surfaces. The grafting process of conducting polymer was done either chemically or electrochemically with additional monomer. Thickness and morphology of the polymer films were studied by AFM and SEM. The film thickness could be adjusted between several hundreds of nanometer by varying the polymerization conditions. The tape-test confirms the strong adhesive bonding of the polymer to the modified substrate. Besides PPY, Poly(SNS) and Poly(SNSnP) were studied for their properties. The optical properties of Poly(SNS) were studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Electrochemically deposited polymer films of (Poly(SNS), Poly(SNSnTMS), Poly(ArP) and Poly(SNSnP)) was investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, XPS, grazing-angle FTIR spectroscopy, four-point conductivity and I-V and luminance - voltage characteristics. Grazing-angle FT-IR of the homopolymer, poly(SNSnP) showed interesting results. We observed the peaks due to P-OH at 1111 cm-1 indicating that the phosphonic acid is free on the top. This can find application as ion sensor because phosphonates are known to be good chelating agents. Comparison of the EIS and four-point conductivity measurements for the homopolymers of SNSnP and Poly(SNS) indicated a drop in the conductivity in case of substituted hompolymers. Poly(SNSnP) based LED device give white emission. EL spectra show broad bands, which cover the entire spectrum. They can be studied further for the development of light emitting diodes of different colours.

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Longhenry, Joy Ciferri. « Characterization of the crystallinity and mechanical properties of CTFE & ; CTFE copolymeric films as a function of cooling rate and the implications on adhesion ». Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03032009-040803/.

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Picard, Loïc. « Mise au point d'additifs siliciés pour l'adhérisation d'élastomères silicone sur supports métalliques ». Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0114.

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L’objectif de ces travaux de thèse était de développer un primaire d’adhésion stable, permettant l’adhérisation de tous types d’élastomères silicone sur une grande majorité de surfaces métalliques, et ce de façon reproductible. Dans un premier temps, une étude bibliographique détaillée des différentes formulations de primaire à base de silanes utilisées pour l’adhésion de tous types d’élastomères silicone (EVC, EVF et LSR) a été effectuée. Pour compléter la compréhension du système métal/primaire d’adhésion/élastomère silicone étudié, trois formulations de primaire, dont une formulation « maison », et trois élastomères silicone ont été analysés et leurs compositions, ainsi que leurs propriétés en adhésion, ont été déterminées. La caractérisation de différentes résines silicone composant la formulation « maison » de primaire a également été effectuée. Cette dernière a ensuite été optimisée en synthétisant de nouvelles résines silicone, en ajustant les taux de chaque composant et en changeant le type de catalyseur. Dans un second temps, la caractérisation physico-chimique des primaires d’adhésion enduits sur la surface d’un métal (aluminium) a été effectuée. La topologie des films de primaire (épaisseur, rugosité et uniformité) et leurs propriétés de mouillage ont été déterminées. Ces résultats ont été complétés par la caractérisation des faciès de rupture des pièces composites métal/primaire/élastomère silicone. À la suite de ces différentes analyses complémentaires, le paramètre gouvernant la sélectivité d’un primaire d’adhésion pour un grade d’EVC a été isolé. Une courbe modèle permettant la formulation d’un primaire polyvalent a été proposée et validée par la formulation d’un primaire d’adhésion pouvant adhérer les différents grades d’EVC sélectionnés pour cette étude
This PhD work aimed at developing a stable primer of adhesion, allowing the bonding of all types of silicone elastomers onto a vast majority of metallic surfaces, in a reproducible way. In a first approach, a detailed bibliographic study was performed on the different primer based-silane formulations used for the adhesion of any types of silicone elastomers (HCR, RTV and LSR). To better understand the metal/primer/silicone elastomer system, three primer formulations, including a homemade formulation, and three silicone elastomers were analyzed and their compositions, and adhesive properties, were determined. The characterization of different silicone resins entering in the composition of the homemade primer formulation was also carried out. The latter was optimized by synthetizing new silicone resins, by adjusting the content of each component and by changing the type of catalyst. In a second step, the characterization of the physical chemistry of the primer formulations coated on a metal surface (aluminum) was performed. The topology of the primer films (thickness, roughness and uniformity) and their wettability were determined. These information were completed by the characterization of fracture profiles of the composite part metal/primer/silicone elastomer. Following these additional analyses, the parameter governing the selectivity of a primer formulation for a grade of HCR was isolated and a model curve for the formulation of a polyvalent primer was proposed. This curve was validated by the formulation of a primer which can bond the different grades of HCR selected for this study

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Walha, Fatma. « Elaboration de mélanges à base de Bio-polymères : Etude des corrélations entre structure, propriétés et transformation ». Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI075.

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Cette étude est une contribution à la mise au point d’un nouveau matériau filmogène multiphasique, originaire de ressources naturelles et destiné à l’emballage alimentaire. La voie proposée consiste à élaborer un mélange poly (acide lactique) [PLA]/ polyamide 11 [PA11] à différentes compositions; le principal avantage étant d’offrir un éventail de propriétés difficile à réunir sur un même polymère. Les différentes formulations, PLA/PA11, élaborées à l’état fondu dans une extrudeuse bivis ont été étudiés du point de vue des propriétés rhéologiques, thermique, mécanique et de la morphologie. Différents tiers-corps copolymères de structures diverses ont été utilisés, à différents taux, dans le but de promouvoir l’adhésion à l’interface des composants et améliorer les performances des mélanges ainsi conçus. La finalité est d’appréhender une formulation qui soit filmogène, tout en ayant un comportement en élongation, à l’état fondu, parfaitement compatible avec les conditions de transformation par extrusion gonflage de gaine
This study is a contribution to the development of a new biomaterial with suitable melt strength, stiffness-to-toughness balance, and the required thermal performance for food packaging applications. The proposed approach consists in preparing a mixture of poly (lactic acid) [PLA] / polyamide 11 [PA11] with different compositions; the main advantage being to offer a range of properties that are difficult to combine on the same polymer. The different formulations, PLA/PA11, processed in the molten state in a twin-screw extruder were studied from the side of rheological, thermal, mechanical and morphology. Different copolymers of various structures were used, at different rates, in order to promote the adhesion in the interface of the components and to improve the blend systems performances. The aim is to obtain a formulation that having an elongation behavior, in the molten state, perfectly compatible with the blowing process

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Vandenabeele, Cédric. « Étude des mécanismes d'adhésion entre une gomme caoutchouc et un fil métallique revêtu d'une couche mince déposée par plasma ». Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0047/document.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer un procédé plasma qui puisse se substituer au procédé de dépôt électrolytique de laiton, actuellement appliqué sur les fils d'acier utilisés comme matériaux de renforcement dans un pneu, pour les faire adhérer au caoutchouc. La stratégie employée consiste à déposer une couche mince organochlorée en continu sur un fil d'acier zingué, qui traverse une décharge à barrière diélectrique tubulaire, fonctionnant à la pression atmosphérique, dans une configuration fil-cylindre. Dans un premier temps, les travaux se concentrent sur la caractérisation de la décharge et de la couche mince déposée à la fois en mode statique (substrat immobile dans le réacteur) et dynamique (substrat en défilement). Des relations sont établies entre les paramètres plasma (puissance dissipée dans la décharge, fréquence de la source haute tension, flux de précurseur), les propriétés de la décharge et les caractéristiques du revêtement plasma. Des études morphologique, cinétique et chimique de la couche mince sont réalisées. Dans un second temps, la préparation de la surface du substrat et le dépôt plasma sont optimisés pour permettre d'obtenir les meilleurs niveaux d'adhésion entre l'acier zingué et le caoutchouc. À l'issue de ce travail d'optimisation, des analyses sont réalisées pour identifier la nature de la nouvelle interphase d'adhésion. Cette étude se conclut alors par une discussion sur l'origine possible des liens qui s'opèrent dans ce nouveau système
The primary objective of this thesis project is to develop a plasma process able to replace the electrolytic brass plating process, which is currently performed on steel wires used as reinforcing materials in tires to make them bond with rubber. The chosen strategy consists in depositing organo-chlorinated thin films in a continuous way on zinc-plated steel wires going across a tubular atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge in a wire-cylinder configuration. In a first time, works focus on characterization of both the discharge and the plasma layer, deposited in the static (substrate stationary in the reactor) and dynamic (moving substrate) modes. Relationships are established between the plasma parameters (power dissipated in the discharge, high voltage source frequency, precursor flow rate), the discharge properties and the thin film characteristics. Morphological, kinetic and chemical studies of the plasma layer are carried out. In a second time, the substrate surface preparation and the coating are optimized to enhance the adhesion between zinc-plated steel wires and rubber. Analyses are performed to identify the new adhesion interface nature. At the end of this study, hypotheses concerning the adhesion origin in this system are formulated

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Lay, Sange-Ping, et 賴聖評. « Adhesion characterization of diamond-like carbon films using scratch test technique ». Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57711403435508829793.

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碩士
元智大學
機械工程學系
95
In order to characterize the adhesion of Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings on Tungsten Carbide (WC) substrate, the scratch test was used. The scratch test is the most popular method of measuring adhesion. It was performed on a unit equipped with sensors of normal and tangential force, and acoustic emission (AE) signals. The failure occurs during scratch testing was examined by an optical microscope (OM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM), if this failure event represents coating detachment than which is called the critical load. In this paper, we used the finite element method to simulate the scratch process. The distributions of the stress field in the coating, and at the interface of the coating/substrate system were investigated. The results of the finite element can be used to simulate bonding strength of coating tool.

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Livres sur le sujet "Adhesive film characterization"

Miyoshi, Kazuhisa. Solid lubrication fundamentals and applications : Characterization of solid surfaces. [Cleveland, Ohio] : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1998.

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Center, Lewis Research, dir. Solid lubrication fundamentals and applications : Characterization of solid surfaces. [Cleveland, Ohio] : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1998.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Adhesive film characterization"

Mal, A. K., et R. D. Weglein. « Characterization of Film Adhesion by Acoustic Microscopy ». Dans Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 903–10. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0979-6_3.

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Belton, D. J., et A. Joshi. « The Effect of γ-APS Substrate Modification Upon the Chemical Adhesion of Poly(Amic Acid-Imide) Films ». Dans Molecular Characterization of Composite Interfaces, 187–204. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2251-9_12.

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Belton, D. J., et A. Joshi. « The Effect of γ-Aps Substrate Modification Upon the Chemical Adhesion of Poly(Amic Acid-Imide) Films ». Dans Molecular Characterization of Composite Interfaces, 187–204. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-29084-2_12.

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« Temperature Characterization in Anisotropic Conductive Film Adhesive Bonding ». Dans Electrically Conductive Adhesives, 335–52. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12245-21.

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« Characterization of Coating Adhesion Strength ». Dans Thin Films and Coatings, 482–545. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18729-13.

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Yoshida, Sanichiro, David R. Didie, Jong-Sung Kim et Ik-Keun Park. « Application of Optical Interferometry for Characterization of Thin-Film Adhesion ». Dans Optical Interferometry. InTech, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/66205.

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« Characterization of polyethylene-metal composite thin films deposited by evaporation ». Dans Adhesion Aspects of Thin Films, volume 2, 57–64. CRC Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12250-6.

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« A study on structural characterization of and cell attachment to Ti-containing coatings ». Dans Adhesion Aspects of Thin Films, volume 2, 87–98. CRC Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12250-9.

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« Adhesion and Tribological Properties of Sputtered Polymer Thin Films from a Polyimide Target ». Dans Polyimides and Other High Temperature Polymers : Synthesis, Characterization and Applications, Volume 5, 285–94. CRC Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12248-19.

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« Adhesion and Mechanical Properties of Poly(tetrafluoroethylene)– Poly(vinyl alcohol) Composite Thin Films Prepared by Spin Coating Method ». Dans Polyimides and Other High Temperature Polymers : Synthesis, Characterization and Applications, Volume 5, 295–302. CRC Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12248-20.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Adhesive film characterization"

Berdozzi, Nicolò, Yi Chen, Luca Luzi, Guido Bocchieri, Marco Fontana, Irene Fassi, Lorenzo Molinari Tosatti et Rocco Vertechy. « Inkjet printed thin-film electro-adhesive device : manufacturing and characterization ». Dans Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD) XXII, sous la direction de Yoseph Bar-Cohen, Iain A. Anderson et Herbert R. Shea. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2558761.

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Mahfoud, Elie, et Mohammad S. Harb. « Cure monitoring of an epoxy adhesive film for composites structural bonding ». Dans Nondestructive Characterization and Monitoring of Advanced Materials, Aerospace, Civil Infrastructure, and Transportation XVII, sous la direction de Peter J. Shull, Tzuyang Yu, Andrew L. Gyekenyesi et H. Felix Wu. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2659136.

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Yang, Kai, Jianqing Jiang et Mingyuan Gu. « Characterization of Titanium Nitride Films Prepared by DC Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Different Deposition Time ». Dans ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41559.

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Titanium nitride (TiN) films were grown on Si (111) and 95W18Cr4V high-speed steel substrates using DC reactive magnetron sputtering technique with different deposition time. The changes in crystal growth orientation of the TiN films were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface & cross-sectional morphologies of TiN films were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The hardness and adhesive property of TiN films were evaluated as well. It is found that the increase of the film thickness favors the formation of the {111} preferred orientation of TiN films. When the {111} preferred orientation is presented, TiN films exhibit a kind of surface morphology of triangular pyramid with right angles. With the increase of the film thickness, the columnar grains continuously grow lengthwise and breadthwise. The size of grains influences the hardness of TiN films more greatly. The adhesive property of the film/substrate interface decreased with increasing film thickness.

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Zhao, Kun, et Changhai Wang. « Characterization of a photosensitive dry adhesive film for wafer level MEMS packaging ». Dans High Density Packaging (ICEPT-HDP). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icept.2009.5270703.

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Giles, Andrew, et Satchi Venkataraman. « Characterization of Interlaminar Fracture Energy for Asymmetric Laminates With Residual Thermal Strains ». Dans ASME 2023 Aerospace Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ssdm2023-107076.

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Abstract Hybrid composite laminates or fiber metal laminates (FML’s) with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) matrix composites reinforced with metal foils have been investigated for improvements in fatigue, impact resistance and bearing strengths. In this study, to measure fracture properties of interface of metal foil with FRP composite lamina, the specimens with laminate layup [012, AF, |SS, AF, 012] were used; where 0 represents a 0-degree IM7/977-3 unidirectional pre preg ply, AF represents 3M™ AF-191 adhesive film, and SS represents a 0.005 inch 304 full hardened stainless-steel layer. The location of the starter crack obtained using a Teflon insert is indicated by “|”. Although the full laminate is symmetric, the two adherents on either side of the crack plane are not. Further, the presence of the metal (Stainless steel foil) on the surface of one of the adherents leads to warping of the adherents due to the mismatch in the thermal expansion coefficients and asymmetry of the lay-up of the adherent sub-laminates. This paper discusses a method for accounting for composite laminate asymmetry, residual thermal stresses, and various contact conditions over a crack surface to obtain fracture toughness. MATLAB program was developed to determine the necessary equations and calculation steps required for processing fracture toughness, as well as for automating the data reduction process. Utilizing these new calculation methods, estimations of GIIc values from test data with and without thermal corrections for two different adhesive thicknesses were obtained. A comparison showed the corrected method led to 8% to 20% higher GIIc values.

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Daniel, Isaac M., et R. A. Jandro Abot. « Fabrication, Testing and Analysis of Composite Sandwich Structures ». Dans ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-1206.

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Abstract The objective of this work was to study the behavior of composite sandwich structures and develop simple models to explain this behavior as a function of material, geometric and loading parameters. The scope of the study consists of mechanical characterization of the sandwich constituent materials, i. e., composite facings, honeycomb or foam cores, and adhesive layers; fabrication and testing of sandwich beams in pure bending; identification and recording of failure mechanisms by direct observation and nondestructive evaluation; and comparison of observed deformation and failure behavior with analytical predictions. Sandwich beams were fabricated by bonding carbon/epoxy (AS4/3501-6) facings to an aluminum honeycomb core with FM 73 film adhesive. Special techniques were developed to prevent premature failures under the loads and in the core and to insure failure in the test section under pure bending. Strains to failure in the facings were recorded with strain gages, and beam deflections and core strains were recorded with Moire techniques. The beam facings displayed characteristic nonlinearities for the composite material used, a softening nonlinearity on the compression side and a stiffening one on the tension side. These nonlinearities appear more pronounced than in the case of monotonic axial loadings of the composite material alone. The linear response of the beam is perfectly described by a simple bending model neglecting the contribution of the core, however, the more pronounced nonlinear behavior requires more accurate characterization of the core and adhesive materials separately, and more refined modeling.

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Niculescu, Mihaela-Doina, Brandusa Georgiana Dumitriu, Madalina Ignat, Simona Savin, Cosmin Andrei Alexe et Gabriela Paun. « Protein Composites from Collagen By-Products for Safe Use in Circular Economy ». Dans The 9th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2022.iv.8.

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Sustainable economy means reducing the carbon footprint and minimizing the amount of waste released from productive activities. This paper presents the characterization of composites obtained from by-products of the leather industry based on collagen and keratin extracts. The protein composites have specific properties for the agricultural field and industrial applications in accordance with the current recommendations for a sustainable economy. Chemical-enzymatic hydrolysis of leather and wool by-products was performed for protein extraction. The composites were obtained by addition and crosslinking of collagen and keratin extracts with tannins from vegetable by-products. The characterization of composites was performed based on the results of analytical investigations by physico-chemical methods: volumetry, potentiometry, Texture Analysis, Dynamic Light Scattering, colorimetry, microscopy. It has been found that new collagen and keratin extracts contain small and medium components size, useful for the biostimulation of agricultural crops, but also contain large size components which give adhesive and film-forming properties, useful in industrial applications.

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Gudapati, Vamshi M., et Mehrdad N. Ghasemi-Nejhad. « Multifunctional Adhesive Joints for Composites Using Aligned Carbon Nanotube Nanofoam Films ». Dans ASME 2008 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2008-586.

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In this study, the effects of using aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanofoam films as adhesive reinforcements to enhance the shear strength of composite joints are examined. The MWCNT reinforced adhesive nanofoam films are used to bond carbon/epoxy composite adherends. Mechanical characterization of the samples is performed using single lap joint samples to measure average shear strengths experimentally. Shear strength and other multifunctional properties of such nano-adhesives are discussed employing the results obtained in this work.

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Niculescu, Mihaela-Doina, Cristina Emanuela Enascuta, Maria Stanca, Carmen Cornelia Gaidau, Cosmin Alexe, Mihai Gidea et Marius Becheritu. « Complexes based on collagen and keratin for applications in agriculture ». Dans The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.ii.19.

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In the circular economy context, the use of proteins from collagen and keratin by-products of leather industry to obtain products for agriculture serves to reduce the carbon footprint generated from industry by reducing the amount of chemical synthesis products administered in agricultural technologies. This paper presents complexes based on collagen and keratin extracts obtained from by-products of the leather industry and their characterization. Thermal and chemical-enzymatic hydrolysis of semi-processed leather and degreased wool by-products was performed for protein extraction. Complexes were obtained by addition and crosslinking with active principles and vegetable tannins to collagen and keratin extracts. The characterization of complexes was performed based on the results of analytical investigations by physico-chemical methods: volumetry, potentiometry, IR spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering and Texture Analysis. It has been found that collagen and keratin extracts contain sufficient proportions of small and medium size components size, of the order of 1-100 nm and of 100-1000 nm, specific for free amino acids and small oligopeptides with a role in bio stimulating seed germination, but also contain large size components, over 1000 nm, in considerable proportions, which provide the adhesive and film-forming properties, with a role in foliar application and retarded release of amino acids.

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Nurminen, N., A. Ellman, V. Jouppila, M. Paajanen et M. Karesoja. « Isometric Stress Analysis and Current-Voltage Characteristics of Some Nanoclay Dielectric Elastomer Compounds ». Dans ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41870.

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The electromechanical properties of elastomer material change when different levels of stretching are applied to the elastomer film. The generated stress and expansion of the EAP material depend on the electric field across the material and its relative permeability. Some of the best known commercial dielectric elastomer materials are based on acrylic elastomers, e.g. 3M VHB 4910 or 4905 adhesive tape. In this work, the VHB 4910 tape was used as a reference material for different types of acrylic nanoclay compound materials. These new type of nanoclay elastomer compounds were tested because the addition of clay into the elastomer was assumed to increase its actuating performance. Different voltage and pre-stretching levels were used in the measurements. Current-voltage characteristics and isometric stress measurements were used to study the energy efficiency, frequency dependent behavior, reactivity and isometric stress performance of the EAP materials. Based on the electromechanical characterization and material properties, a general hyperelastic material model was developed. According to the preliminary tests, the nanoclay compound seems to be a bit stiffer than VHB 4910 resulting in a greater isometric stress response.

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