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1
Ryan, Michael J. "Medicine shortages: there are solutions! Actions to take to reduce medicine shortages." Australian Health Review 45, no. 4 (2021): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah20306.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The aim of this paper is to propose solutions to reduce the number and frequency of medicine shortages in Australia. Some of the many factors that contribute to medicine shortages, such as manufacturers’ production processes and business decisions, are outside the control of Australian stakeholders. But there are many factors that are within the control of stakeholders, including poor communication between stakeholders, incomplete and inaccurate information, unhelpful practices and attitudes of hospital tender authorities, and lack of certainty and incentives for manufacturers in relation to pharmaceutical tenders. The following strategies are designed to address these issues and achieve a significant reduction in the number and frequency of medicine shortages in Australian hospitals. They include improving communication and understanding between stakeholders, providing higher quality information on likely usage, changing practices of hospital tender authorities to better meet stakeholder requirements, and increasing incentives for manufacturers to participate in hospital tenders. The six key actions to implement the medicine shortage-reducing strategies are: (1) initiate a biannual forum for hospitals and industry; (2) establish a medicines substitutes information service operating nationally; (3) share information on likely changes to hospital usage; (4) reform stock allocation strategies; (5) introduce incentives for manufacturers; and (6) change hospital tender authority practices and policies. The first step to reduce medicine shortages is for stakeholders to think differently about the problem, and to act more collaboratively using the proposed strategies and actions, as a framework for change.
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Bernal, Ramon, Leire San-Jose, and Jose Luis Retolaza. "Improvement Actions for a More Social and Sustainable Public Procurement: A Delphi Analysis." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (2019): 4069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154069.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Public procurement accounts for almost 20% of Spain’s gross domestic product (GDP). The current legislation allows for the inclusion of social considerations in contracting processes, hence the interest of this study, which defines the procedures and improvement actions for socially efficient public procurement. The Delphi technique has been used, based on online surveys completed by 71 Spanish experts. The universe includes the set of nomenclature of territorial units for statistics (NUTs), as well as a number of agents with the potential to intervene in the analysis process, namely, academia, the business sector, and public administrations. There is an increasing call for the inclusion of social considerations in tender procedures. However, to date, few studies have provided detailed insight into the inclusion of these social aspects. This study contributes to the scientific literature by identifying six possible strategies for including social considerations into public tenders, namely: objectivizing procedures, generating monitoring tools, developing information and training actions for decision-makers, incorporating awareness-raising initiatives, creating transparency systems, and including information and communication technologies (ICTs). The following four key action areas were also detected: social clauses, reserved markets, social impact assessment, and innovation in public procurement. A consensus was reached on four frames for incorporating the strategies and action areas, namely: socio-economic, procedural, competence, and conceptual. This allows for the efficient inclusion of social considerations into public tenders, thereby generating a twofold impact—one via the goods or services acquired, and the second via the impact on the process of producing said goods or services.
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Sirait, Resmaya Agnesia Mutiara. "LARANGAN TINDAKAN PERSEKONGKOLAN DALAM TENDER BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 5 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG LARANGAN PRAKTEK MONOPOLI DAN PERSAINGAN USAHA TIDAK SEHAT." TANJUNGPURA LAW JOURNAL 4, no. 2 (2020): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/tlj.v4i2.33980.
Texte intégralRésumé :
One of the substance of Law Number 5 Year 1999 concerning Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition is the provision that regulates collusion in tenders. The provision is regulated in Article 22 which is a special provision with the aim of creating a conducive business climate to support and develop activities for the provision of quality goods and services and at competitive prices. Considering that the impact of the conspiracy in tenders is very significant for national economic development and a healthy competitive climate, the regulation regarding the prohibition of tender conspiracy can be applied both with a rule of reason approach and with a per se illegal approach, so that administrative sanctions and criminal sanctions as well as additional criminal sanctions that will be imposed on business actors can run as desired by Law Number 5 Year 1999. The impact of collusion actions in tenders is not just economic development National and unfair competition climate, but other impacts can be felt by consumers as tender givers who can experience material and immaterial losses. Consumer protection is needed as an effort made to safeguard consumer rights and develop behavior attitudes of responsible business actors.Salah satu substansi Undang - Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 Tentang Larangan Praktik Monopoli Dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat adalah ketentuan yang mengatur persekongkolan dalam tender. Ketentuan tersebut diatur dalam Pasal 22 yang merupakan ketentuan khusus dengan tujuannya untuk menciptakan iklim usaha yang kondusif guna mendukung dan menumbuh kembangkan kegiatan penyediaan barang dan jasa yang berkualitas dan dengan harga yang bersaing. Mengingat dampak yang ditimbulkan dari tindakan persekongkolan dalam tender sangat signifikan bagi pembangunan ekonomi nasional dan iklim persaingan yang sehat, maka pengaturan mengenai larangan persekongkolan tender dapat diterapkan baik dengan pendekatan secara rule of reason maupun dengan pendekatan secara per se illegal, sehingga sanksi administratif dan sanksi pidana serta pidana tambahan yang akan dijatuhkan pada pelaku usaha dapat berjalan sebagaimana yang dikehendaki oleh Undang - Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999. Dampak yang ditimbulkan dari tindakan persekongkolan dalam tender bukan hanya kepada pembangunan ekonomi nasonal dan iklim persaingan tidak sehat, akan tetapi dampak lain dapat dirasakan oleh konsumen selaku pemberi tender yang dapat mengalami kerugian materiil maupun immaterial. Perlindungan konsumen diperlukan sebagai suatu upaya yang dilakukan untuk menjaga hak-hak konsumen dan menumbuh kembangkan sikap perilaku pelaku usaha yang bertanggung jawab.
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Barbier, Liese, Steven Simoens, Caroline Soontjens, Barbara Claus, Arnold G. Vulto, and Isabelle Huys. "Off-Patent Biologicals and Biosimilars Tendering in Europe—A Proposal towards More Sustainable Practices." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 6 (2021): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14060499.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background: In Europe, off-patent biologicals and biosimilars are largely procured by means of tender procedures. The organization and design of tenders may play a key role in the evolving biosimilar market, and currently, it is not fully elucidated how tenders for off-patent biologicals and biosimilars are designed and if approaches are aligned with sustaining market competition and societal savings for healthcare systems over the long term. This study aims to (i) explore the design and implementation of tender procedures for off-patent biologicals and biosimilars in Europe, (ii) identify learnings for sustainable tender approaches from purchasers and suppliers, and (iii) formulate recommendations in support of competitive and sustainable tender practices in the off-patent biologicals market. Methods: A mixed methods design was applied. A quantitative web-survey was conducted with hospital pharmacists and purchasers (N = 60, of which 47 completed the survey in full), and qualitative expert-interviews with purchasers and suppliers (N = 28) were carried out. Results: The web survey results showed that the organization and design of tenders for off-patent biologicals and biosimilars, and the experience of hospital pharmacists and purchasers with this, considerably varies on several elements across European countries. From the qualitative interviews, signals emerged across the board that some of the current tender approaches might negatively affect market dynamics for off-patent biologicals and biosimilars. The focus on generating short-term savings and existence of originator favouring tender practices were identified as elements that may limit timely competition from and market opportunity for biosimilar suppliers. The need to optimize tender processes, considering a more long-term strategic and sustainable view, was expressed. In addition, challenges appear to exist with differentiating between products beyond price, showing the need and opportunity to guide stakeholders with the (appropriate) inclusion of award criteria beyond price. Due to the variety in tender organization in Europe, a ‘one size fits all’ tendering framework is not possible. However, on an overarching level, it was argued that tender procedures must aim to (i) ensure market plurality and (ii) include award criteria beyond price (warranted that criteria are objectively and transparently defined, scored and competitively rewarded). Depending on the market (maturity), additional actions may be needed. Conclusions: Findings suggest the need to adjust tender procedures for off-patent biologicals and biosimilars, considering a more long-term strategic and market sustainable view. Five main avenues for optimization were identified: (i) safeguarding a transparent, equal opportunity setting for all suppliers with an appropriate use of award criteria; (ii) fostering a timely opening of tender procedures, ensuring on-set competition; (iii) ensuring and stimulating adherence to laws on public procurement; (iv) securing an efficient process, improving plannability and ensuring timely product supply and (v) safeguarding long-term sustainable competition by stimulating market plurality.
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de Carvalho, Gabriel Stumpf Duarte, and Rui Cunha Marques. "Strategies to Foster Competition for the Market in the Urban Bus Sector in Developing Countries." Infrastructures 5, no. 12 (2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures5120115.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Different mechanisms have been adopted by developed and developing countries over the last decades to provide urban bus services. Although competitive tendering has been considered the standard method to procure urban bus services, it cannot be treated as a ready-made solution. Contracts are incomplete by nature and, after the tender, to avoid ex-post opportunism they must be properly monitored. Additionally, developing countries, in general, have weak regulatory bodies and limited capacity to oversee public contracts. This paper aims to review the literature to gather actions that can increase the competition in public tenders and improve service quality during the life of the contract in developing countries.
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Skrastina, Una, and Dzeina Gaile. "PROBLEMATICS OF AMENDMENTS MADE IN TENDER DOCUMENTS IN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT – THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION." Acta Prosperitatis, no. 11 (April 22, 2020): 164–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37804/1691-6077-2020-11-164-183.
Texte intégralRésumé :
During the procurement process, it is often found that the tenders submitted are deficient, for example, required documents are not submitted. Given the amount of information to be provided, the types of errors are different and can apply to the qualification of the tenderer, its technical or financial tender and other aspects. In each of these situation procurement commission must evaluate whether it is possible to correct the error or the tender should be rejected. The Public Procurement Law does not contain very detailed and clear regulation on this situation. Therefore decisions of contracting authorities are often challenged and found to be unfounded. It justifies the topicality of the study. The aim of the study is to summarize and analyze the findings of the European Court of Justice to determine what legal principles and considerations have to be taken into account in such situations and to make recommendations for further action in Latvia. Research methods used are descriptive, comparative and analytical method. The study will result in suggestions as to what conditions should be considered when assessing the possibility of corrections of the tender.
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Paramita, Ni Putu Pradnyani, I. Putu Sudana, I. G. A. N. Budiasih, and Herkulanus Bambang Suprasto. "Meaning of cost components and cost magnitude determining tender prices: A study on CV. RG." International journal of social sciences and humanities 3, no. 2 (2019): 250–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29332/ijssh.v3n2.324.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The cost was the basis for management in determining the selling price of a product or service. In construction service companies, the cost determining is important. It will affect the value of the tender proposal submitted to get the job. CV. RG is a construction service company provides services in the civil and building fields. CV. RG, of course, has often participated in tenders. The problem is the company often suffer losses. The company’s success rate is still relatively low. The company participates in a tender, costs, and efforts arise in preparing the tender. In conducting costing, there are at least two aspects must be considered. It is namely the cost component and cost magnitude. This study uses a phenomenological approach to gain an understanding of decision holders about a reality based on experience. The interpretative phenomenology method is suitable to be used due to the researcher wants to reveal and understand how the decision holders. CV. RG means cost component and cost magnitude is in the process of price-determining the tender proposal. The results of the research analysis showed that in determining the cost component. The informant felt complicated due to the situation at hand. The dilemma feelings also accompanied the informants in determining the cost magnitude of the tender proposal. The meaning of this informant can also be explained because of motives and in order to motives that underlie the informant actions.
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Haryanto, Imam, Muthia Sakti, and Wirya Agung Kusuma Putra. "Protection For Tender Participants Businesses That Are Losses Due To Collection According To Business Competition Law." Justicia Sains: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 5, no. 2 (2021): 299–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.24967/jcs.v5i2.1290.
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The development of the Indonesian economy is aimed at improving the lives of people who are just and prosperous. This is an ideal that has been mandated in the 1945 Constitution and Pancasila. One of the obstacles in the Indonesian economy is the existence of monopolistic practices and unfair business competition in business or business in Indonesia. Tender conspiracy is one of the forms of action prohibited in the Anti-Monopoly Law because tender conspiracy is fraudulent and detrimental, especially to other tender participants who do not conspire, because automatically in the tender, the winner cannot be regulated, but rather who does it. the best bid is the winner and apart from that bid rigging is an anti-competitive act. Regarding the conspiracy, there is a KPPU Decision relating to this matter, namely the KPPU Decision Case Number 6 / KPPU-L / 2015 regarding the construction of the Barito Kuala Regency DPRD building and its Land Development, in its decision the KPPU Commission Council stated that Reported Party I (PT. Citra Kharisma Persada), reported II (PT. Cempaka Mulia Perkasa), reported III (PT Sumber Nor Abadi), reported IV (Pokja I in the Human Settlements Division of the Public Works Office of Barito Kuala Regency Fiscal Year 2013) was proven legally and convincingly violating Article 22 of the Law Number 5 of 1999. This research will discuss legal protections for business actors participating in tenders who suffer losses due to conspiracy in the KPPU's decision.
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Borowiec, Arkadiusz. "The impact of public procurement system on the development of competition in the economy in the light of empirical research." Oeconomia Copernicana 8, no. 1 (2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/oc.v8i1.3.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Research background: The purpose of the public procurement system in the market economy should be to ensure that the public sector entities conduct purchases which are optimal from the economic point of view, as well as to prevent favoring or discrimination of entities participating in public tenders. The Public Procurement Act mentions fair competition as one of the fundamental principles. Both contractors and contracting entities are subject to this principle. In practice, however, it is very often violated in connection with a number of phenomena resulting from imperfections of the aforementioned system.
 Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to identify the most important solutions to support the development of competition in the economy through the public procurement system, as well as to examine the obstacles and risks carried by the system itself. Another purpose is to present further action proposals based on research — actions affecting the development of competition and at the same time improving the efficiency of tenders.
 Methods: The article is based on the analysis of literature and on a questionnaire. The survey was conducted electronically (CAWI). The questionnaire was sent to 300 entities required to apply the provisions of the Public Procurement Law throughout the country. Another method involved a direct route (PAPI) and 155 entities participating in public tenders as contractors. Purposeful sampling was implemented to ensure reliable and expert replies. The study was carried out in the first half of 2016.
 Findings and Value added: The results indicate the most important solutions supporting the development of competition. They include the following: facilitating access to information about orders, improving the efficiency of state authorities in detecting collusive tendering, reducing the possibility of using the potential of third parties, and increasing the availability of data on tender results. The solutions presented in this article are evolutionary rather than revolutionary, and point primarily to the ability to streamline existing procedures and regulations and not to replace them with new ones. They should also help to improve the functioning of public procurement system in Poland, which is of great importance for the development of competition in domestic economy.
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Quezada Vidal, Álvaro. "LA EXIGENCIA DEL SOLVE ET REPETE PARA EJERCER ACCIONES CONTENCIOSO ADMINISTRATIVAS ESPECIALES: PRIVILEGIO PROCESAL AÚN VIGENTE EN NUESTRO ORDENAMIENTO JURÍDICO." Revista de Derecho 40 (June 30, 2022): 49–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21703/issn2735-6337/2022.n40-03.
Texte intégralRésumé :
En este trabajo se explicarán las nociones básicas del solve et repete, dando a conocer los casos en los que está vigente esta exigencia establecida por el legislador ante el ejercicio de acciones especiales de carácter contencioso administrativas, expresando lo que ha señalado al respecto tanto el Tribunal Constitucional como la doctrina especializada, y exponiendo finalmente las razones por las cuales debe ser erradicada de nuestro ordenamiento jurídico, considerando especialmente el derecho de los justiciables de tener un efectivo acceso a la justicia.
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Blumenstein, Ian B., J. Eric Maki, and John T. Owen. "SEC permits abbreviated tender and exchange offers for non-convertible high-yield and investment-grade debt securities." Journal of Investment Compliance 16, no. 3 (2015): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-06-2015-0040.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose – To advise companies of a recent SEC no-action letter relating to tender and exchange offers for certain debt securities. Design/methodology/approach – Reviews various conditions allowing an issuer to use a shortened timeframe in which certain debt tender/exchange offers need be kept open for as few as five business days. Findings – The abbreviated debt tender/exchange offer structure contemplated by the no-action letter provides a more efficient mechanism for conducting debt tender/exchange offers in certain circumstances. Practical implications – Issuers conducting a debt tender/exchange offer should consider whether the new abbreviated structure is more effective in achieving their objectives than the more traditional structures. Originality/value – Practical guidance from experienced securities regulatory lawyers that gives an overview of important developments in debt tender/exchange offer practice.
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Bouznit, Mohammed, María del P. Pablo-Romero, and Antonio Sánchez-Braza. "Measures to Promote Renewable Energy for Electricity Generation in Algeria." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (2020): 1468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041468.
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Algeria has enormous renewable energy potential. However, fossil fuels remain the main electricity generation source, and the country is the third largest CO2 emitter in Africa. Algeria is also particularly vulnerable to climate change. Therefore, a set of actions related to energy, forests, industry and waste sectors have been programmed, over the period 2015–2030, and the government action program has given priority to promote renewable energy. In this sense, Algeria is committed to significantly promote investment in renewable energy, during the period 2020–2030. Thus by 2030, renewable electricity production capacity will achieve 22,000 MW, representing 27% of total electricity generation. This paper analyzes the electricity generation measures implemented in Algeria to reach the required energy mix, the legislative framework, financial aid, the feed-in tariff system, the tax incentives, and the tender and auctions undertaken. The analyses reveal that, although the electricity price premium policy has not been revoked, the newly enacted tender scheme is designed to become the standard procedure for launching renewable energy projects in Algeria in the coming years.
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Mazur, Bartosz. "Eligibility to Claim of Activities of Public Transport Authorities Within Passenger Services on the Regional Level – Remarks Based on Case II SA/Ke 329/15." Problemy Kolejnictwa - Railway Reports 65, no. 191 (2021): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36137/1912e.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Prior announcement of intention of public transport authorities in the area of the chosen procedure of awarding PSC (direct or tender) is to ensure that the carriers interested in gaining contracts may act regarding the intentions. In the case of direct award, administrative judgement control may apply as a consequence of promoting transparent, non-discriminatory market procedures. The article describes successive actions undertaken by a public transport authority before contracting. The new-entrant to the market has to bear objective difficulties with defining which particular action of the authority could be claimed. The consequent steps were so complicated that it was hard to find the true intentions of the public transport authority. Keywords: public procurement, public transport authority, judiciary claim
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García, J. L. A. "Morals, Roles and Reasons for Action." Crítica (México D. F. En línea) 17, no. 50 (1985): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iifs.18704905e.1985.571.
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El autor quisiera desarrollar una concepción de la vida moral como una cuestión de cumplir con los deberes que surgen de los papeles que uno tiene dentro de una gran variedad de relaciones con los demás seres humanos. Intenta mostrar que esa concepción de la moralidad en términos de papeles relacionales puede dar una explicación intuitivamente plausible de las virtudes, los deberes, etcétera. En particular, intenta mostrar que considerando la actitud de tener una buena disposición hacia cualquier otro ser humano, tal concepción puede expIicar directamente el mal que se hace a la víctima de una acción moralmente errónea. Después, usando y criticando algunas ideas de Foot, Williams y Harman, trata de elucidar la conexión que, según esa concepción, hay entre los juicios morales acerca de lo que uno debería hacer y las razones para actuar. El autor defiende una concepción 'externa' de esa conexión.
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Radclyffe-Thomas, Natascha. "Sustainable development and the aspirational male consumer: Tengri, making the case for sustainable luxury." Critical Studies in Men???s Fashion 8, no. 1 (2021): 245–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/csmf_00043_1.
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Luxury is an industry that defines its value through the quality of its raw materials, which fosters creativity, elevates artisanship and relies on brand heritage and local production to underpin the provenance of its products and justify its pricing strategy and, as such, can be considered as embodying many of the practices of sustainability. Yet, despite public commitments and pledges for better business, both financial and cultural factors have contributed to a lack of progress in implementing the necessary system changes implied by slow fashion, sustainable development and the circular economy. Social enterprises use business to address social and environmental issues. In Tengri’s case, founder Nancy Johnston was inspired by her experiences travelling with Mongolia’s yak herders where she was confronted with the harshness of the nomadic way of life and threats to its continuing existence. She was driven to action when she juxtaposed these conditions with the promoted glamour of the luxury fashion industry, which relies on supplies of ingredients from just such workers. This article explores how Tengri combines social and environmental awareness with luxury product development incorporating the UN SDGs into a sustainable luxury menswear brand in a virtuous cycle of ethical fashion consumption and production.
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Faizov, A. V. "Discrimination as an Instrument of Corruption Schemes in Public Procurement." Business Inform 5, no. 520 (2021): 246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-5-246-251.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article characterizes the current state of organizational and legal support for the functioning of the public procurement system, taking into account the novelties of legislation; both the inter-sectoral and the protective principles of bidding, which are closely interrelated and form a single system, are analyzed; the role of the principle of «prevention of corruption actions and abuse», which has a comprehensive influence on the entire mechanism of implementation of the norm-setting innovations, is defined; a number of factors that cause corruption risks and distort the effect of basic principles in the sphere of procurement are distinguished (in particular: dishonest behavior of officials; discretion in making legally significant decisions; insufficient professionalization of bidding; imperfect system of internal control over conduct of tenders and execution of contracts); the concept of discrimination is singled out and its role as an instrument for the implementation of corruption schemes in public procurement is defined. Based on the analysis of the effective practice of appealing by the AMCU, a number of ways of using discriminatory elements by customers at the initial and final stages of bidding are systematized, namely: establishing obvious and hidden excessive requirements in the tender documentation; manipulation of technical and qualitative conditions to the subject of procurement; unjustified disparate approach to participants with the similar errors in the preparation of tender offers. Practical measures to counteract discriminatory violations in the sphere of procurement activities are generalized, which involve the use of the capabilities of the digitized systems «ProZorro» and «DoZorro» with active participation in this process by direct procurement participants, non-governmental organizations, and government authorities.
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Yu, Esther. "Tears in Paradise." Representations 142, no. 1 (2018): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2018.142.1.1.
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The “tender conscience” of seventeenth-century British discourse redirected the course of political history and the history of the emotions. In the 1640s, the unimpeachable repute of the tender conscience as a spiritual identity provided lay citizens with the authority needed to voice political dissent. The growing antiprelatical movement found in the tender conscience a ready-made resistance theory. For John Milton, the work of defining this conscience is so closely tied to arguments for the legitimacy of revolutionary action that his oeuvre can be read as a protracted struggle to establish its boundaries.
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Saiz Linares, Ángela, and Noelia Ceballos López. "Una investigación sobre las tutorías compartidas." REOP - Revista Española de Orientación y Psicopedagogía 32, no. 1 (2021): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/reop.vol.32.num.1.2021.30739.
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RESUMEN Esta investigación tiene por objetivo analizar, desde una perspectiva etnográfica, un caso paradigmático de “escuela orientadora” que sitúa la Acción Tutorial como pilar sobre el que apuntalar diferentes acciones y propuestas educativas a partir de un proyecto de Tutorías Compartidas. En este trabajo de investigación examinamos algunas claves que permiten tender puentes entre la definición canónica de Acción Tutorial y el proyecto educativo de esta escuela. Las técnicas de producción de información han sido: observación participante, grupos de discusión con docentes (tutores, orientadora y equipo directivo) y con alumnado de Educación Primaria (desde 1º a 6º), entrevistas semi-estructuradas con tutores y análisis documental (PEC, PAT y PIIE). A partir de un análisis de contenido tratamos de dar vida a los presupuestos que la literatura ha confirmado como irrenunciables: institucionalizar oportunidades de convivencia internivelares y con la comunidad; trabajar consistentemente las dimensiones personales, educativas, profesionales y socio-cívicas; crear tiempos y espacios destinados al intercambio reflexivo entre profesionales educativos. Concluimos confirmando que la interseccionalidad de las acciones analizadas permite abordar sistemáticamente las dimensiones que vertebran los proyectos de Acción Tutorial.ABSTRACT This research aims to analyze, from an ethnographic perspective, a paradigmatic case of a “counselling school” that places Tutorial Action as a pillar on which different educational actions and proposals are based. In this research we examine some keys that allow us to build bridges between the canonical definition of Tutorial Action and the educational project of this school. The techniques of information production were: participant observation, focus groups with teachers (tutors, counsellor and management team), and primary school students (from 1st to 6th grade), semi-structured interviews and document analysis. From a content analysis we try to give life to budgets that literature has confirmed as indispensable: institutionalize opportunities for internivelar coexistence and with the community; consistently work on personal, educational, professional and socio-civic dimensions; create times and spaces for reflective exchange between professionals. We conclude by confirming that the intersectionality of the actions analyzed allows us to work consistently on the dimensions that structure the Tutorial Action projects.
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González Sarro, Iván, and Pedro Pérez Herrero. "Tres décadas de relaciones entre América Latina y España (1990-2020): Síntesis de las fortalezas y debilidades generadas. Propuestas de acción a futuro." Araucaria, no. 47 (2021): 529–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/araucaria.2021.i47.23.
Texte intégralRésumé :
En este texto se analizan las relaciones económicas y políticas que se dieron entre América Latina y España durante el período 1990-2020. Se pone de relieve que, desde la década de 1990, una vez que España se integró en la Comunidad Económica Europea (CEE) en 1986, las relaciones económicas y políticas entre España y América Latina se intensificaron y profundizaron, al mismo tiempo que las líneas de acción fueron cambiando en función de las improntas de los diferentes gobiernos españoles y los cambios en América Latina y en el escenario internacional. En el trabajo se hace un balance de síntesis de las fortalezas y debilidades generadas en dichas relaciones en el período investigado. La principal hipótesis interpretativa del trabajo es que, como sugiere dicho balance, algunos elementos de las relaciones pueden transformarse, profundizarse, reorientarse o sencillamente modificarse, sin despreciar, por supuesto, la base de todo lo construido y conseguido a lo largo de todos estos años de relaciones. Por ello, en las conclusiones se aportan algunas reflexiones relevantes a tener en cuenta para el diseño de las relaciones entre España y América Latina en las décadas venideras.
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Zhao, Hui-Chuan, Li-Chun Bian, Tao Zhang, and Jia-Jun Dong. "Effects of chirality and inhomogeneous growth on the morphology of plant tendril." Europhysics Letters 136, no. 4 (2021): 48004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/136/48004.
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Abstract By controlling the growth rate, biomaterials with chiral microstructure can produce nonuniform prestress and then form chiral morphologies, such as twisted biological filaments, while it is not clear how the chiral microstructure of biomaterials affects the formation and movement of its macro chiral morphologies under the action of uneven prestresses. In this work, a double-layered composite beam model considering the chiral microstructure of biological materials based on experimental observations is established. The influences of inhomogeneous growth and chiral microstructure on the formation of the chiral morphologies of tendrils are considered as a typical example and discussed in detail. The results show that the macro chiral phases of plant tendrils provide a remarkable dependence on their chiral microstructures.
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Buchanan, M. Shane, and L. Allen Cooley. "Investigation of Tender Zone in Compaction of Coarse-Graded Superpave® Hot-Mix Asphalt Mixtures." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1861, no. 1 (2003): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1861-04.
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Tender hot-mix asphalt mixtures have been observed and experienced by paving contractors for many years. However, during the field compaction of coarse-graded Superpave® mixes, a "tender zone," not a true tender mix, is sometimes experienced. The tender zone is a range of mix compaction temperatures during which the mixture exhibits instability during roller action. Many possible causes of the tender zone have been presented, including differences in laboratory and production absorption, mix moisture, a low dust-to-asphalt ratio, increased asphalt binder film thickness, and a temperature differential with the lift. A study was conducted to document and evaluate field mixtures exhibiting the tender zone to determine the possible cause(s) of its occurrence. Documentation included mix-, production-, and construction-related items. Laboratory evaluation consisted of mixture gradation and volumetric testing along with Superpave asphalt binder testing with the project asphalt binder before and after steam distillation. Project results failed to clearly identify one particular reason for the occurrence of the tender zone. However, it is believed that the tender zone was a result of field absorption being less than the design absorption and increased asphalt binder film thickness acting in conjunction with an inherent temperature differential within the lift.
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Berdnikov, Vladimir A., and Faina L. Gorel. "Tendril-less2 (TI2) - a gene providing the pea Pisum sativum L with ability to climb." Ecological genetics 2, no. 2 (2004): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen2222-28.
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After gamma-ray treatment of pea seeds, a mutation tendril-less2 (tl2) was obtained. In heterozygote, it transforms tendrils into a narrow leaflets, resembling an action of the classic mutation tl. In contrast to tl, the novel mutation, when homozygous, does not affect leaf development but supresses pigmentation of petals. It is suggested that both genes (Tl and TI2), responsible for transformation of leaves into an organ of climbing, have common origin from a gene controlling anthocyanine synthesis
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Blackman, Lisa. "Affective Politics, Activism and the Commons: From Wechto Grenfell." New Formations 103, no. 103 (2021): 156–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/newf:103.09.2021.
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This article focuses on the activism of the Walterton and Elgin Action Group (WEAG) who successfully campaigned against attempts by the UK Conservative government in the 1980's to sell off their council homes to private tenders. Focusing on their inventive and creative actions, and the composition of the group not usually associated with militancy, the article takes the formation of WEAG as an example of affective politics and the cultivation of a housing commons-through-difference. What was foregrounded and became important were the relations of mutual dependence and care that existed and could be mobilised to stir collective action across categories of race, class, gender, disability and age. These relations existed at the nexus of personal histories including those of migration, poverty, displacement, social exclusion, homelessness, neglect and discrimination. These histories were mobilised within an area that had a strong history of community development and activism, and amongst a diverse group of tenants who had shared, yet different histories of displacement, suffering, and struggle having been forced to live in substandard conditions with little hope for the future. The Homes for Votes scandal and the WEAG campaign hover at the edges of the Grenfell tower tragedy in the present, making links across shared geographies and histories, particularly of displacement and suffering as well as community activism and politics, reminding us of what was and is possible beyond the devastation and neglect symbolised by the charred remains of the tower.
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Wulan, Dewi Nawang, Ainul Masruroh, and Rusydi Rusydi. "PERSEKONGKOLAN TENDER DALAM PERSAINGAN USAHA MENURUT UU NO. 5 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG LARANGAN PRAKTIK MONOPOLI DAN PERSAINGAN USAHA TIDAK SEHAT." MIMBAR YUSTITIA 3, no. 2 (2019): 105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52166/mimbar.v3i2.1959.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Conspiracy tender an action collusive which can reduce the transparency and honesty among the participants of the tender. While time is the government is already set on Procurement of Goods and / or Services in electronic form of e-tendering, with the system online are expected to minimize leakage of the tender as well as the level of conspiracy tender there . But in practice leakage tender and conspiracy are still going on between the actors of business , including the Tender Works Revitalization Development Arena Youth / Teens province of West Nusa Tenggara on Year Budget 2011. Setting the tender which already are online should be able to prevent the conspiracy that happen, but in practice conspiracy tender occur with other modes namely with an agreement that is done by the participants of the tender kolusif the form of similarity IP Address, is practices outside the mechanism system of tendering set . Of things that mean conspiracy tender is still going on and still be one of the problems for the world of busines .
 Material laws are used as a reference will be analyzed using the technique of analysis of the contents by formulating the analysis of the decision that was decided by the Commission for the Supervision of Competition Usaha (KPPU). Results of the study showed that the system electronics have not fully guarantee the tender free of the conspiracy that carried out by the perpetrators of the business . It is an impact on the budget and the level of competition of business that is healthy , from the system electronics in the form of e- tenderimg the search of a conspiracy can be detected much earlier.
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Sabri, Omar K., and Olav Torp. "Corrective and Preventive Action Plan (CAPA) for Disputes in Construction Projects: A Norwegian Perspective." Infrastructures 7, no. 5 (2022): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures7050063.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The consensus in the Norwegian construction industry is that the projects are characterized by conflicts. Because unresolved disputes that reach courts take time and resources to be solved, this leads to lost productivity and high costs for all stakeholders. Of the root causes of conflicts identified previously, tender specification and contract understanding were the most significant issues. To expand on previous findings, a qualitative analysis of 58 formal, semi-structured interviews was conducted to determine whether personal characteristics and types of contracts presented conflicts. Interviews were conducted with contractors, public clients, consultants, academics, and lawyers. Data were analyzed using NVIVO 12.0 following specific relevant themes and thematic maps. Corrective and preventive actions included the development of a new method to produce better-prepared tender documents, knowledge building in contract management, training to ensure better communication and dialogue between client and contractor, trust-building, dispute resolution along the way, and avoid awarding contracts at the lowest price or the use of a hybrid model. Improved routines may drive costs down, and cooperation and new forms of tendering and contracting could be the key to prevent and minimize disputes in Norway.
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Sabri, Omar K., and Olav Torp. "Corrective and Preventive Action Plan (CAPA) for Disputes in Construction Projects: A Norwegian Perspective." Infrastructures 7, no. 5 (2022): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures7050063.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The consensus in the Norwegian construction industry is that the projects are characterized by conflicts. Because unresolved disputes that reach courts take time and resources to be solved, this leads to lost productivity and high costs for all stakeholders. Of the root causes of conflicts identified previously, tender specification and contract understanding were the most significant issues. To expand on previous findings, a qualitative analysis of 58 formal, semi-structured interviews was conducted to determine whether personal characteristics and types of contracts presented conflicts. Interviews were conducted with contractors, public clients, consultants, academics, and lawyers. Data were analyzed using NVIVO 12.0 following specific relevant themes and thematic maps. Corrective and preventive actions included the development of a new method to produce better-prepared tender documents, knowledge building in contract management, training to ensure better communication and dialogue between client and contractor, trust-building, dispute resolution along the way, and avoid awarding contracts at the lowest price or the use of a hybrid model. Improved routines may drive costs down, and cooperation and new forms of tendering and contracting could be the key to prevent and minimize disputes in Norway.
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Rangkuti, Abdul Hafiz, Taufik Siregar, and Zaini Munawir. "Analisis Yuridis Persekongkolan Tender Rehabilitasi Jalan dalam Perspektif Hukum Persaingan Usaha (Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor 14/Kppu.1/2018)." ARBITER: Jurnal Ilmiah Magister Hukum 4, no. 1 (2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/arbiter.v4i1.1201.
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In general, what is said to be conspiring is cooperation carried out by business actors with other parties at the initiative of anyone and in any way in an effort to win bidders. The purpose of the research is to find out and understand how the regulation regarding tender conspiracy according to business competition law in Indonesia, to know and understand the proof of tender conspiracy as well as to know and understand how the application of business competition law in decision Number 14/KPPU.I/2018. The method used in this paper is normative juridical, namely a research method that examines document studies, by using various data such as legislation, legal theory of court decisions.The result of the research written in this thesis is that the regulation regarding tender conspiracy is regulated in Article 22 of Law no. 5 of 1999 and regulated in Perkom No. 1 of 2019, evidence regarding tender conspiracy in decision number 14/KPPU.1/2018 is an element of conspiracy in article 22 of Law no. 5 of 1999 is fulfilled and based on the evidence in Article 45 of Perkom No.1 of 2019 is fulfilled, the application of business competition law in decision number 14/KPPU.1/2018 is to provide administrative action in the form of a fine to punish the Reported Party I and II in the amount of Rp.1,769,000. 000, which must be deposited into the State Treasury. The conclusion of the arrangement regarding tender conspiracy is regulated in Article 22 of Law No. 5 of 1999 and regulated in Perkom No. 1 of 2019. The evidence regarding tender conspiracy in decision number 14/KPPU.1/2018 is an element of conspiracy in article 22 of Law no. 5 of 1999 is fulfilled, the application of business competition law in decision number 14/KPPU.1/2018 provides administrative action in the form of a fine.
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Macedo Osorio, Gabriela. "Atrevernos a imaginar y a tener miedo. Nuestra responsabilidad ante las generaciones futuras a partir del pensamiento de Günther Anders." Interpretatio. Revista de Hermenéutica 5, no. 2 (2020): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.it.2020.5.2.0008.
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Günther Anders stated that the problem of our time consists in the discrepancy between the enormous technological power we deploy and the limited capabilities we have to understand, control and take responsibility for the effects of that power. An example of this is the “Great Pacific garbage patch” that floats in the Pacific Ocean, which is made up of 79 million tons of plastic waste. However, why, even though the dangers that occur are evident, do we not act? Anders explains that we have lost the ability to be afraid of the magnitude of the danger that looms over us. With which his proposal is aimed at encouraging this fear while increasing our imaginative capacity to glimpse the magnitude in time and space of our actions, and to be responsible and act as a commitment to present and future generations.
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Tymoshenko, A. S. "Application of the principle of good faith in proving cartel agreements аt tenders". Russian competition law and economy, № 1 (30 березня 2020): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32686/2542-0259-2020-1-26-31.
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The article discusses the issues of interpretation and applicability in competition law and in antitrust law enforcement practice of the civil law principle of good faith. The theoretical view of the concept of good faith as incompatible with the nature of public law is criticized.The law enforcement practice in cases of violation of antitrust laws by participants of anticompetitive agreements was studied, which influenced the formation of key judicial positions related to assessing compliance with the principle of good faith by bidders. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the civil law principle of good faith is at the same time a general principle of competition law as an integrated branch of law combining public and private principles of legal regulation.It is noted that the use of this principle for legal assessment of the actions of participants in cartel agreements at tenders is not only an important tool to counteract cartelization of state and municipal procurements, but also a means of creating a business ethics of entrepreneurial relations in the public interest.
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Naranch, K., Y. J. Park, M. S. Repka-Ramirez, A. Velarde, D. Clauw, and J. N. Baraniuk. "A Tender Sinus does not Always Mean Rhinosinusitis." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 127, no. 5 (2002): 387–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mhn.2002.129038.
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BACKGROUND: Sinus tenderness has not been quantitatively assessed. OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare sinus and systemic tenderness in rhinosinusitis, allergic rhinitis, and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and healthy (non-CFS) groups. METHODS: Cutaneous pressures (kg/cm2) causing pain at 5 sinus and 18 systemic sites were measured in acute and chronic rhinosinusitis, active allergic rhinitis, healthy non-CFS/no rhinosinusitis, and CFS subjects. RESULTS: Sinus thresholds differed significantly ( P ≤ 10−11, ANOVA) between non-CFS/no rhinosinusitis (1.59 ± 0.14 kg/cm2, mean ± 95% CI, n = 117), allergic rhinitis (1.19 ± 0.31, n = 30), exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis (1.25 ± 0.26, n = 25), non-CFS/chronic rhinosinusitis (1.23 ± 0.27, n = 23), acute rhinosinusitis (1.10 ± 0.20, n = 22), CFS/no rhinosinusitis (0.98 ± 0.15, n = 70), and CFS/chronic rhinosinusitis (0.78 ± 0.12, n = 56). Systemic pressure thresholds were lower for CFS (1.46 ± 0.15) than for non-CFS (2.67 ± 0.22, P ≤ 10−11). CONCLUSIONS: The lower sinus thresholds of rhinosinusitis groups validated the sign of sinus tenderness. Sinus and systemic thresholds were both 44% lower in CFS than in non-CFS subjects, suggesting that systemic hyperalgesia contributed to CFS sinus tenderness and “rhinosinusitis” complaints. Tenderness to palpation or percussion is one of the clinical hallmarks of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. 1,2 This sign may equate with the subjective sensation of pain experienced by rhinosinusitis subjects and so may be indicative of either excessive nociceptive nerve depolarization or centrally mediated hyperalgesia. Several peripheral mechanisms may contribute, including the release of excessive amounts of mediators that activate sensory neurons (eg, bradykinin); increased sensitivity of type C fibers to mediators generated during acute or chronic inflammation (eg, endothelin, bradykinin); or hyperresponsiveness due to facilitation of neural depolarization induced by prostaglandins, leukotriene B4, and neurotropic cytokines (eg, nerve growth factor). 3 Central factors may also cause hyperalgesia by modulating the spinal cord actions of large-diameter, low-threshold A$bT-fiber touch or other sensory nerves that innervate the trigeminal dermatome and mucosal areas (“ mucotome”). Sites of alteration may include the spinal dorsal horn somatosensory region and higher central nervous system sites of nociceptive regulation 4 and dysfunction of descending antinociceptive aminergic neural circuits. 3 Although the sign of tenderness is commonly used to diagnose rhinosinusitis, the degree of hyperalgesia has not been quantified in comparison to the sensitivity of control subjects. Therefore, we used dolorimetry (algometry) to measure sinus tenderness. 4 A strain gauge was pressed against the sinus regions until pain was elicited. The mean pressure required to cause pain was considered to be the sinus pressure threshold (kg/cm2). Systemic pressure threshold was determined for 18 “tender points” that are used to diagnose fibromyalgia. 4 Sinus and systemic tenderness were compared in acute rhinosinusitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, chronic rhinosinusitis with acute exacerbations, active allergic rhinitis, and control groups. Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) subjects formed one control group. They have a high prevalence of rhinitis complaints (60% to 80%) but there is no evidence of mucosal inflammation based on measures of mucus constituents including neutrophil elastase and eosinophil cationic protein, 5 cytokines, 6 or any bias toward atopic disease as assessed by serum IgE levels. 4 Another reference population consisted of healthy subjects not fulfilling the criteria for CFS (non-CFS subjects). The impact of chronic rhinosinusitis complaints was assessed in CFS/chronic rhinosinusitis, non-CFS/chronic rhinosinusitis, and their corresponding no-rhinosinusitis subpopulations.
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Ardiansyah, Rendi, and Margo Hadi Pura. "Tinjauan Hukum Persaingan Usaha dalam Praktek Persekongkolan Tender (Studi Putusan Nomor:04/KPPU-L/2018)." Wajah Hukum 5, no. 1 (2021): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/wjh.v5i1.398.
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The existence of Law Number 5 Year 1999 is expected to prevent monopolistic practices and unfair business competition in a business world that continues to develop with increasingly fierce competition. However, until now there are still many unfair effort practices because increasingly complex competition and demands for profusely profit, one of which is related to tender conspiracy activities carried out in the procurement of goods and services within the government. Between them are the practice of conspiracy to tender for the Decision of the Business Competition Supervisory Commission Number 04/ KPPU-L/2018. In writing this article using a normative juridical research method in which research and observations are carried out in a library by emphasizing the applicable legal principles. The purpose of writing this article is to find out tender conspiracy in view of business competition law, which is essentially prohibited because it will prevent other business actors from competing in offering prices at the auction. In addition, this article discusses the fulfillment of the formulaic elements in the practice of tender conspiracy in the a quo case. Tender conspiracy is specifically regulated in Article 22 of Law Number 5 Year 1999 which is then complemented by the guidelines issuance of Article 22 by KPPU. Whereas in essence the actions of the Reported Parties in the implementation of the a quo tender constituted a tender conspiracy practice because they had complied with all the elements referred to in Article 22 of Law Number 5 Year 1999 resulting in receiving administrative sanctions imposed by KPPU as a form of law enforcement.
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Iacobucci, G. "More than a quarter of commissioners put NHS services out to tender for fear of legal action, survey says." BMJ 348, apr07 5 (2014): g2628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g2628.
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Manso, Peter Frimpong, and Athanasios Nikas. "The application of post tender negotiation procedure: a public sector procurement perspective in UK." International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management 4, no. 2 (2022): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12821/ijispm040202.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Post Tender Negotiation (PTN) procedure is part of the tendering process in procurement of goods and services. The procedure could be triggered if the initial tendering activity does not result in the selection of a supplier. This could be due to a lack of clear Value for Money (VfM) bidder. The PTN procedure is sparingly applied in the UK public sector procurement and the reasons adduced for this are based on ethical considerations. The UK Office of Government Procurement (OGP), formerly known as the Office for Government Commerce (OGC) and the European Union (EU) are the chief proponents of restricting the use of PTN to exceptional cases. The premise of their argument is that the buyer could unethically tilt her/his actions in the process of applying the PTN procedure to favor certain suppliers. It is the argument of this paper that buyers from the public sector in UK are being deprived of the procedure’s benefit and therefore, the restrictions should be relaxed. Evidence from this study suggests that the procedure could offer the opportunity for further clarifications of supplier’s bid. The study also identifies that, for PTN to be successful, factors ensuring success in negotiations including cooperation should be present.
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KUPALOVA, Halyna. "REDUCTION OF CORRUPTION RISKS AS A NECESSARY CONDITION FUNCTIONING OF ROAD INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic sciences 304, no. 2(2) (2022): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2022-304-2(2)-24.
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The purpose of the article is to formulate the main measures to reduce corruption risks as a necessary condition for the effective functioning of road industry enterprises. Progressive changes in the road industry of Ukraine in recent years have been analyzed. An important step in reducing corruption risks was the reform of pricing, in particular in the issue of determining the cost of road works and services. Information about tender offers, procurement related to the repair and maintenance of highways has become open and available on the Prozorro platform and the Unified State Portal of Open Data. Despite the measures taken, corruption risks in the road industry remain high. The reasons for corruption in the Ukravtodor system, according to the interviewed employees, are the dishonesty of officials, the presence of private interest, the imperfection of legislation, the low level of salaries and the influence of third parties. The main factors and conditions for the reduction of corruption manifestations are the integrity of employees, the transparency of management decision-making and control over compliance with anti-corruption requirements. Activities to reduce corruption risks in the road construction system require the use of a systemic approach, which includes a set of management, social-psychological, legal and informational measures. Management measures include actions related to financial control, procurement monitoring. Social and psychological measures are aimed at forming a negative attitude towards corruption. Legal measures are based on the application of legal norms in the regulation of industrial and labor relations. Information measures include the transparency of public procurement, openness of databases on prices, tenders, procurement volumes, and anti-corruption information work.
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ZELMANOVITZ, LEONIDAS. "¿ANTE LOS CAMBIOS EN LA DEMANDA DEL DINERO, ¿CUÁL ES LA RESPUESTA APROPIADA DEL BANCO CENTRAL?" Criterio Libre 8, no. 13 (2018): 69–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18041/1900-0642/criteriolibre.2010v8n13.1244.
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This paper considers the question: - “In face of changes in the demand for money resulting from an increase in the risk perception by the economic agents, what are the proper actions the Central Bank should take?” as a starting point for a normative conclusion about the convenience of a monetary regime with a State monopoly of the money supply, forced legal tender and central bank versus the alternative of competitive money supply.
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Di Mauro, Carmela, Alessandro Ancarani, and Tara Hartley. "Unravelling SMEs’ participation and success in public procurement." Journal of Public Procurement 20, no. 4 (2020): 377–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jopp-03-2018-0013.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the role of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) within the Canadian public procurement, by seeking to identify barriers and supporting factors of MSMEs’ participation and success in public tenders. Design/methodology/approach The empirical analysis builds on a unique survey run by the Canadian federal government, which addressed firms either participating or not participating in public tenders. Model estimation on the survey data relies on sample selection methodologies, which allow separating determinants of MSMEs’ decision to participate from determinants of success. Findings Results provide evidence that costs stemming from asset specificity and uncertainty (e.g. costs of bidding, requirements for participation, bundling of contracts and award rules based on minimum price) affect participation in public procurement. Within MSMEs, micro-firms are the most discouraged from participating. However, after controlling for factors affecting participation, micro-firms emerge as having a higher success rate, possibly because of high specialization and joint participation with larger firms. Research limitations/implications Because of the cross-sectional nature of the data used for hypotheses testing, endogeneity may arise if ex post variables affect ex ante decisions. This may apply if participation in procurement feeds on success in past tenders. Social implications Findings may inform policies for the inclusion of smaller firms in the public marketplace. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first attempting to disentangle determinants of participation in public tenders from determinants of success. Separating the two aspects helps fine-tune SME-friendly public procurement policies, by identifying actions that effectively facilitate success of MSMEs in public tenders.
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Rivas Arjona, Mercedes. "Segunda República Española y prostitución: un modelo a tener en cuenta en la actualidad / Second Spanish Republic and Prostitution: A Model to Imitate in the Present." Revista Internacional de Ciencias Sociales 5, no. 1 (2016): 275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37467/gka-revsocial.v5.475.
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ABSTRACTThe Second Republic in Spain was affected by numerous changes in all areas that affect as well greatly to the prostitution´s field. The modifications in the system of prostitution shall be based mainly in the law, sanitary-assistance and propaganda. These changes will count with clear previous historic events, will have a short life because the short period of republic-government, and affect, in some cases, to very specific sectors of the republican fields. Never the less, introduce innovation elements, that in the case to have won the Second Republic in the Spanish Civil War, maybe would had been affected deeply all reality about prostitution world. The action of republic-government can be used as example today to face a hard and complex problem. The innovative proposals, the action in few fields at the same times, and knowhow to build on the already built, they are the three elements more relevant of the policy to face the prostitution.RESUMENLa Segunda República en España estará marcada por numerosas reformas en todos los ámbitos que afectarán también de forma muy importante al mundo de la prostitución. Los cambios en el sistema prostitucional se asentarán principalmente en los campos legislativo, sanitario-asistencial y publicitario. Dichos cambios contarán con claros antecedentes históricos, tendrán un recorrido escaso dada la duración del gobierno republicano, y se circunscribirán, en algunos casos, a sectores muy concretos del imaginario republicano. Pese a todo, introducirán elementos tremendamente innovadores que, de haber triunfado la República en la Guerra Civil española, muy posiblemente hubieran trastocado profundamente todo lo relacionado con el mundo de la prostitución. Su actuación puede servirnos de ejemplo en la actualidad para hacer frente a un problema que encierra una gran complejidad. Las propuestas innovadoras, su actuación en varios campos al mismo tiempo y su saber construir sobre lo ya construido, son los tres elementos más destacados de sus políticas para hacer frente a la prostitución.
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Llalla, Adriatik, and Fjorida Ballauri. "Conflict of Interest in the Administrative Contracts in Albania." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 34 (2016): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n34p182.
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In Albania the issue of conflict of interest is present at today’s public debate, as in many other countries. Due to this phenomenon, public funds, state property, public service, etc., are at risk at any time, and therefore there is obligation of the state to establish the appropriate legal instruments to prevent such situations. In principle, while exercising official duties and functions, the elected person or the public official should not be influenced by personal interests. In this sense, through actions, inactions or decisions, they cannot gain benefits or advantages for themselves, their family members, relatives or other persons, in case they share economic or political interests with them. In Albania, the domestic legislation provides restrictions and prohibitions for several private interests of the officials exercising public functions, depending on their functions, responsibilities and competencies in public decision-making. Also, the law provides specific prohibitions and restrictions in cases of entering into administrative contracts, considering a contract as a special public decision, which is vulnerable to be damaged by the action of officials’ private interests. This paper aims to make an analysis of the legislation in terms of restrictions of private interests of public officials to prevent specific cases of conflict of interest while concluding administrative contracts. Also, the paper leads to conclusions on how conflict of interest is related to other criminal offences like abuse of office, corruption or violation of equality of participants in public tenders or auctions etc.
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Pemmereddy, Ramadevi, K. S. Chandrashekar, Sreedhara Ranganath K. Pai, Vasudev Pai, Anna Mathew, and B. Venkatesh Kamath. "A REVIEW ON PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF Syzygium caryophyllatum." Rasayan Journal of Chemistry 15, no. 01 (2022): 01–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31788/rjc.2022.1516421.
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Syzygium caryophyllatum, widely known as wild black plum, belongs to Myrtaceae. The tender leaves of Syzygium caryophyllatum are commonly used by folklore practitioners, particularly for stomatitis, diarrhea, blood-mucous stools, wounds, and ulcers. The plant contains numerous bioactive constituents like terpenoids, carotenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, saponins, glycosides, amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, lipids in significant amounts. The plant has reported anti-microbial effects, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities. The present review describes the botanical aspects, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological actions of Syzygium caryophyllatum to authenticate its use as a multipurpose medicinal herb.
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Li, Meng, Zhanping Zhang, and Yuhong Qi. "Effect of Microwave-Assisted Curing on Properties of Waterborne Silicone Antifouling Coatings." Polymers 14, no. 21 (2022): 4493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14214493.
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Waterborne silicone coatings are prepared in this paper by using silicone emulsion as a film-forming material, γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and dibutyltin dilaurate as a curing agent and a catalyst, respectively. The corresponding coatings are obtained by controlling different microwave times to accelerate the coating curing. The surface morphology, roughness, surface properties, mechanical properties, and antifouling properties of the coating are studied by laser confocal microscope, contact angle measurement, tensile test, marine bacterial attachment test, and benthic diatom adhesion test. Additionally, the action mechanism of microwaves in the curing process of the coatings is also discussed. The results show that the microwave can greatly reduce the curing time of waterborne silicone coating. It can improve the painting efficiency, the surface roughness of the coating, and the mechanical properties of the coatings. The change in roughness increases the contact angle of the coating, reduces the apparent surface energy, and then improves the antifouling performance. For the coating cured by microwave, with the increase in microwave curing time, the water and diiodomethane contact angles of the coating gradually increase, and the surface energy gradually decreases from about 20 mJ/m2 to 10.8 mJ/m2. With the increase in microwave time, the attachment amount of Navicular Tenera gradually decreases, the removal rate gradually increases, and the removal rate of Navicular Tenera in the coating increases from 15.36% to 31.78%. The bacterial removal rate of the coating can be increases from 11.05% to 22.28% after microwave curing. Microwave-assisted curing is helpful in improving the antifouling and self-cleaning performance of waterborne silicone coatings, showing promising potential applications.
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Pauletto, Franco, and Isabelle Ahlström. "Pautas atípicas. Las conversaciones en los materiales auditivos para la enseñanza de español L2 publicados en Suecia." EuroAmerican Journal of Applied Linguistics and Languages 9, no. 1 (2022): 52–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21283/2376905x.15.1.264.
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ES Este estudio de caso utiliza el análisis de la conversación para examinar la interacción verbal en las conversaciones didácticas de tres manuales de español como lengua extranjera (de ahora en adelante ELE) empleados en la educación secundaria sueca. La observación de dichas conversaciones revela algunos patrones problemáticos en cuanto a la secuencialidad de las acciones, a la presencia sistemática de silencios entre turnos de palabra y, en general, a la falta de coordinación entre co-participantes. Otros fenómenos típicos de la interacción espontánea, como por ejemplo los solapamientos entre turnos de palabra, las reparaciones o las co-construcciones faltan por completo en los materiales analizados. En la perspectiva de una enseñanza de idiomas comunicativa y orientada a la acción, el artículo sostiene que en la preparación de este tipo de soportes didácticos habría que tener más en cuenta la estrecha relación existente entre lengua hablada y acción social. Palabras clave: ANÁLISIS DE LA CONVERSACIÓN, COMPRENSIÓN AUDITIVA, ELE, ENSEÑANZA DE ELE, SUECIA, INTERACCIÓN, SECUENCIALIDAD, ACCIÓN SOCIAL EN This case study adopts the theory and method of conversation analysis to examine recorded dialogues in three textbooks for Spanish as a Foreign Language used in Swedish secondary education. The analyses of these conversations reveal some problematic patterns regarding the sequence of actions, the systematic presence of gaps between turns at talk, and a frequent lack of coordination between co-participants. Other phenomena that are typical of spontaneous interactions, such as overlaps between turns, repair sequences or co-constructions, are completely missing in the analyzed materials. From the perspective of communicative and action-oriented language teaching, the article maintains that in the preparation of this type of pedagogical supports, the authors should consider the close relationship between spoken language and social action. Key words: CONVERSATION ANALYSIS, LISTENING COMPREHENSION, SPANISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE, SPANISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING, SWEDEN, INTERACTION, SEQUENTIALITY, SOCIAL ACTION IT Questo studio di caso si avvale dell’analisi della conversazione per esaminare le interazioni verbali nelle conversazioni didattiche di tre manuali di spagnolo come lingua straniera adottati presso le scuole secondarie svedesi. L’osservazione di queste conversazioni rivela alcune costanti problematiche relativamente alla sequenzialità delle azioni, alla presenza sistematica di silenzi tra i turni di parola e, in generale, alla mancanza di coordinamento tra i co-partecipanti. Inoltre, altri fenomeni tipici dell’interazione spontanea, come, per esempio, le sovrapposizioni dei turni, le riparazioni e le co-costruzioni mancano del tutto nei materiali analizzati. Nell’ottica di una glottodidattica comunicativa e orientata all’azione, questo studio sostiene che la stretta relazione esistente tra lingua orale e azione sociale dovrebbe essere tenuta in maggiore considerazione nella preparazione di questo tipo di materiali didattici. Parole chiave: ANALISI DELLA CONVERSAZIONE, COMPRENSIONE ORALE, SPAGNOLO COME LINGUA STRANIERA, INSEGNAMENTO DI SPAGNOLO COME LINGUA STRANIERA, SVEZIA, INTERAZIONE, SEQUENZIALITÀ, AZIONE SOCIALE
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SHABANAJ, Marjo, and Bora SULKA. "Physical qualities and body mass index in children." Polis 21, no. 1 (2022): 70–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.58944/smzy9647.
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Physical development refers to the level of growth and control over muscles, coordination and the ability to sit, stand, walk and run. Motor development is part of physical development and refers to increasing a child’s ability to use their body and physical abilities. (Darlene Tanck, Dolly’s Daycare, Merrill, Teresa Storm, Tender Times Child Care, Amery, John Ratey, MD. Harvard Psychiatrist) Motor development can be divided into gross motor skills and net motor skills. (Darlene Tanck, Dolly’s Daycare, Merrill, Teresa Storm, Tender Times Child Care, Amery, John Ratey, MD. Harvard Psychiatrist). Measurement of body mass index in children by the method (BMI) weight / height2. Measurement of maximum oxygen consumption VO2 max by indirect measurement, Comparison of BMI between boys and girls and maximum oxygen consumption. Comparison of data obtained from tests obtained from maximal oxygen consumption and measurement of body mass index in children aged 6-7 years to highlight the difference or not of these abilities between the two sexes. The relationships between body weight, obesity and health have been extensively studied. Although the primary role of adiposes is to replace triglycerides, they play a more complex role, in the production of many hormones, prohormones, cytokines, and enzymes with autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine actions or actions. In the state of obesity, the production of proteins derived from adipose tissue is increased, causing significant health consequences. There are regional differences in protein production in adipose tissue. Expansion of adipose tissue deep in the organs has negative effects on the body on hormonal functions and metabolism which contribute to the development of diseases and other chronic health problems.
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BLONDON, François, and Marie MORRIS. "Actions en phytotron de la vernalisation et d'éclairements forts sur la structure de l'épi de deux variétés de blé tendre d'hiver ( Triticum aestivum L.)." Agronomie 5, no. 9 (1985): 785–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/agro:19850903.
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Suderman, Henry. "Sometimes It’s the Place: The Anabaptist Kingdom Revisited." Renaissance and Reformation 40, no. 4 (2018): 117–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v40i4.29271.
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Interpretations of the Anabaptist Kingdom of Münster (23 February 1534 – 24 June 1535) and the actions of its primary protagonists have tended to be judgmental and dismissive, with little attention given to Münster Anabaptists’ self-descriptions. Studies tend to focus on the wildly imaginative components of the Anabaptist Kingdom as evidence and means for its dismissal. A spatial interpretation of the Anabaptist Kingdom, in which spatial categories are substituted for more conventional social and political categories, holds at least four benefits: it offers a more direct and focused access point into the study of Anabaptist action; it more accurately reflects the concerns of lay Anabaptists and civil authorities; it proposes unparalleled precision in analysis; and it is a particularly suitable analytic for explaining certain forms of cultural contestation and resistance. It is through the introduction of a spatial methodology, in which the Anabaptist Kingdom is interpreted as a deliberately designed and carefully staged social theatre, focused on the representation of power, that the hitherto inexplicable becomes understandable.
 Les études sur le royaume anabaptiste de Münster (23 février 1524–24 juin 1535) et sur les actions de ses principaux personnages semblent tendre aux jugements rapides et au mépris, sans accorder beaucoup d’attention aux descriptions que les anabaptistes de Münster donnent d’eux-mêmes. En effet, ces études ont tendance à se concentrer davantage sur le contenu de certaines fantaisies farfelues à l’égard du royaume anabaptiste afin de justifier leur mépris. Il y a plusieurs avantages à leur préférer une interprétation de l’espace du royaume anabaptiste qui remplace les catégories sociales et politiques plus conventionnelles par des categories spatiales. Cette démarche offre une porte d’entrée plus directe et mieux ciblée pour l’étude de l’action anabaptiste. Elle donne aussi un meilleur point de vue sur les préoccupations des anabaptistes laïcs et des autorités civiles. Enfin, elle permet une plus grande precision d’analyse et s’avère bien plus adaptée à expliquer certaines formes de contestations et de resistances culturelles. C’est décidément en adoptant une méthodologie spatiale, dans laquelle le royaume anabaptiste est interprété comme un théâtre social délibérément et minutieusement conçu, concentré sur une représentation des pouvoirs, que l’incompréhensible devient finalement compréhensible.
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Barbero Montesinos, Gabriel. "Didáctica de una clase de pádel (Didactics for a class of padel)." Retos, no. 12 (March 28, 2015): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i12.35038.
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El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer el desarrollo de una clase de pádel y los diferentes elementos técnicos que la componen y más concretamente analizar las acciones técnicas más utilizadas por un jugador de pádel. Mediante una secuenciación de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los diferentes golpes que se dan en la práctica de este deporte. Además distinguiremos unas consideraciones en el marco escolar respecto a sus aspectos metodológicos mediante unas premisas a tener en cuenta.Abstract: The following work has as aim(lens) announce the development of a class os padel this way as the different technical elements that composeit, and concretly, analyze the most thechnical actions(share) used by a player of padel. By means of a sequence of teaching-learning of the differentblows that are given in the practice of this sport. In addition, we will bear a few considerations in mind in the school frame with regard to it´smethodological aspects by means of a few premises to bear in mind.
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Debprasad, Chattopadhyay, Mukherjee Hemanta, Bag Paromita та ін. "Inhibition ofNO2,PGE2, TNF-α,andiNOS EXpression byShorea robustaL.: An Ethnomedicine Used for Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activity". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/254849.
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This paper is an attempt to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities and the possible mechanism of action of tender leaf extracts ofShorea robusta, traditionally used in ailments related to inflammation. The acetic-acid-induced writhing and tail flick tests were carried out for analgesic activity, while the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in carrageenan-and dextran- induced paw edema and cotton-pellet-induced granuloma model. The acetic-acid-induced vascular permeability, erythrocyte membrane stabilization, release of proinflammatory mediators (nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2), and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukins-1β and -6) from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytic cell lines were assessed to understand the mechanism of action. The results revealed that both aqueous and methanol extract (400 mg/kg) caused significant reduction of writhing and tail flick, paw edema, granuloma tissue formation (P<0.01), vascular permeability, and membrane stabilization. Interestingly, the aqueous extract at 40 μg/mL significantly inhibited the production of NO and release of PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Chemically the extract contains flavonoids and triterpenes and toxicity study showed that the extract is safe. Thus, our study validated the scientific rationale of ethnomedicinal use ofS. robustaand unveils its mechanism of action. However, chronic toxicological studies with active constituents are needed before its use.
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Manky, Omar. "Part-Time Miners: Labor Segmentation and Collective Action in the Peruvian Mining Industry." Latin American Perspectives 45, no. 5 (2017): 120–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x17709541.
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Over the past two decades, besides the transformation of the organizational structure of the mining industry, there has been a shift in the spatial organization of production, expressed by the replacement of mining towns with mining hotels. Two case studies in Peru show that these changes have produced new forms of labor segmentation affecting workers’ capacity to mobilize by turning those who are directly employed by the company into a minority. While subcontracted miners have managed to overcome organizational segmentation by organizing across companies, the spatial segmentation of the mining hotel model has made local coordination difficult. Workers are not, however, necessarily defeated, as greater spatial mobility may offer possibilities of networking with new actors. En las últimas dos décadas, a la transformación de la estructura organizacional de las empresas mineras, cuya manifestación es la subcontratación laboral, se agrega el cambio en la organización espacial de la producción, expresada en el reemplazo del modelo de ciudad por hoteles mineros. Dos estudios de caso en Perú revelan que la segmentación organizacional reduce la capacidad de movilización porque vuelve a los trabajadores directamente empleados una minoría. Mientras la segmentación organizacional puede ser parcialmente superada a partir de la capacidad de los contratistas para coordinar acciones, un segundo tipo de segmentación, la espacial, dificulta coordinaciones a nivel local. Sin embargo, los obreros mineros no están necesariamente derrotados, pues su alta movilidad espacial podría traer la posibilidad de tender redes con actores transnacionales.
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Trembecka, Anna. "Analysis of the process of real estate disposal by public tender and related legal and surveying actions on the example of the City of Krakow." Geomatics and Environmental Engineering 8, no. 1 (2014): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/geom.2014.8.1.75.
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Olcina Cantos, Jorge. "La adaptación al cambio climático, una oportunidad para el desarrollo territorial sostenible en escalas regional, subregional y local: ejemplos en el territorio valenciano / / / \ \ \ Adaptation to climate change, an opportunity for sustainable spatial planning at regional, subregional and local scales: examples in Valencian region." TERRA: Revista de Desarrollo Local, no. 8 (July 27, 2021): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/terra.8.20364.
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Resumen: Las acciones de adaptación al cambio climático van a marcar la agenda política en los próximos años y décadas. De hecho, ya se están desarrollando actuaciones concretas en las escalas regional y local en España. La Comunidad Valenciana ha puesto en marcha diversas acciones, de planificación y normativa que en los últimos años están teniendo repercusión en la escala local. Los municipios no siempre entienden los beneficios de una planificación territorial sostenible, debido a que no ha habido tradición en nuestro país de actuaciones de sostenibilidad territorial. Se estudia esta cuestión haciendo mención a los ejemplos de buenas prácticas internacionales y se analizan tres iniciativas que suponen un cambio en la cultura territorial en el ámbito valenciano, impulsadas por el gobierno regional y que van a tener efectos concretos en la escala local en el marco del proceso actual de adaptación al proceso de calentamiento climático.
 
 Palabras clave: planificación territorial sostenible; cambio climático; adaptación; escalas regional, subregional y local.
 
 Abstract: Actions to adapt to climate change will shape the political agenda in the coming years and decades. In fact, concrete actions are already being developed at the regional and local levels in Spain. Valencian Community has launched, in recent years, various actions, both planning and regulatory, that are having an impact on local scale. Municipalities do not always understand the benefits of sustainable territorial planning, because there has been no tradition in our country of territorial sustainability actions. This question is studied by mentioning the examples of international good practices and three initiatives that imply a change in the territorial culture in the Valencian territory, promoted by the regional government and that will have concrete effects on the local scale in the framework of the current process of adaptation to the global warming process.
 
 Key words: sustainable spatial planning; climate change; adaptation; regional, subregional and local scales.
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Altsyvanovych, O. V., and Y. Y. Tsymbalenko. "Theoretical and categorical analysis of the concept of public procurement and corruption risks in their implementation in Ukraine." Public administration aspects 6, no. 9 (2018): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/151858.
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The concept of public procurement is revealed. It has been determined that public procurements should be considered as a set of step-by-step actions, which form a holistic, regulated by the law (Law of Ukraine «On Public Procurement») procedure. The purpose of the public procurement procedure is to implement the functions of the public administration.The following definition of corruption risk in public procurement is given – this is the probability of a corrupt act, and will negatively affect the achievement of certain goals and objectives of public procurement. It is proved that corruption risks can arise at different stages of public procurement.The following possible corruption risks in the implementation of public procurement are defined: the creation of such a composition of participants, which makes it possible to avoid the use of bidding procedures with certain restrictions and, instead of using more simplified procedures, including direct conclusion of contracts or purchase from one executor; development of technical conditions or technical tasks with the purpose of promoting the sale of a particular product or service or preventing participation in the bidding of potential participants; determination of discriminatory criteria for the evaluation of tender (price) offers with respect to certain suppliers that are completely incompatible with the requirements of actual procurement; аbuse of «closed» tendering procedures (bidding with limited participation, request for quotations (quotations) or purchase from a single executor, etc.); development of contracting arrangements with the apparent intention of assisting a particular supplier; acceptance from the tenderers of incorrect information or tender (price) proposal prepared (th) in violation of the established requirements; manipulation of the decision-making process within the framework of the work of the tender committee.