Thèses sur le sujet « Actione teneri »
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SANTORU, PIETRO GIOVANNI ANTONIO. « QUASI EX CONTRACTU TENERI : RICERCHE SULL¿ORIGINE DELLA CATEGORIA DEL QUASI CONTRATTO ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/843343.
Texte intégralGenuit, Daisy. « Développement d'une nouvelle génération de catalyseurs d'hydrotraitement à haute teneur en phase active ». Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10144.
Texte intégralJackson, Desmond Henry. « The implementation of affirmative procurement policy : the post tender role of the public client ». Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1054.
Texte intégralThe study investigates the effectiveness of the Public Works Affirmative Procurement Policy in the Republic of South Africa, and the research being conducted in the Western Province. It is the intention of the researcher to determine the role of the public sector, and to determine if government's efforts to implement the policy of procurement have been successful. The aim of the Affirmative Procurement Policy was primarily to promote Affirmable Business Enterprises (ABE's i.e. small medium and micro enterprises which is owned mainly by previously disadvantaged communities or PDI's). The need to transform the public sector procurement system as current policies and procedures clearly favour large and established enterprises. In 1996 the State Tender Board approved the decision that the Department of Public Works implement the policy of APP, in all its construction projects. International models of procurement were explored, so to compare that with the current South African situation. Surveys conducted throughout the research targeted mainly previously disadvantaged individuals, in order to establish the ambiguity of the system. The countries discriminatory past laws contributed largely to the backlog of service delivery and to widespread impoverishment. Due to lack of resources, finance and skills training growth in the emerging sector hinders progress as contractors encounter numerous problems facing the industry. The introduction of the lO-point plan approved by Cabinet as a measure to achieve this goal was not fully successful as some provinces only implemented it partially whilst others have systems in place that differ from the proposal detailed in the plan. The implementation of affrrrnative procurement, which would ensure participation of, targeted groups would consequently address the development of SMME's, increase the volume of work and generate income among the marginalized sector of society.
Smit, David. « Towards a tenure system for sustainable natural resource management for the communal and commonage land of the Leliefontein rural area, Namaqualand ». Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8792_1183462957.
Texte intégralThe aim of this research is firstly, to determine the impact of the current practiced tenure system in the Leliefontein Rural Area on the use of the natural resources and secondly, to devise and establish the most appropriate tenure system that will ensure the sustainable natural resource management on the communal and commonage land of the mentioned area. Quantitative questionnaires, review of relevant literature from documentation, research studies and reports were used to gather information and provide contextual insights. A wide spectrum from the Leliefontein Rural area specifically, Namaqualand in general and other semi-arid and communal areas in Southern Africa were covered with the gathering of the secondary data.
Metcalfe, Simon Christopher. « Communal land reform in Zambia : governance, livelihood and conservation ». Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1409_1242373575.
Texte intégralCommunal land tenure reform in Zambia is the overarching subject of study in this thesis. It is an important issue across southern Africa, raising questions of governance, livelihood security and conservation. WIldlife is a 'fugitive' and 'mobile' resource that traverses the spatially fixed tenure of communal lands, national parks and public forest reserves. The management of wildlife therefore requires that spatially defined proprietorial rights accommodate wildlife's temporal forage use. Land may bebounded in tenure, but if bounded by fences its utility as wildlife habitat is undermined. If land is unfenced, but its landholder cannot use wildlife then it is more a liability than an asset. Africa's terrestrial wildlife has enormous biodiversity value but its mobility requires management collaboration throughout its range, and the resolution of conflicting ecological and economic management scales. The paper does not aim to describe and explain the internal communal system of tenure over land and natural resources but rather how the communal system interacts with the state and the private sector.
Segret, Léa. « Traitement pré récolte en vue de développer des opérations culturales permettant d'optimiser la teneur en principes actifs de plants de ginseng ». Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0003.
Texte intégralFrance ginseng is a young company that cultivates ginseng "Made in France" in a sustainable and profitable way in France. This company has developed an innovative concept of medicinal plant production. In order to accelerate its development and to optimize its knowledge and techniques, an ambitious program of research and development is launched. The objectives of the proposed project will focus on the identification of agronomic factors improving the accumulation of ginsenosides and the quality of the product obtained. More precisely, the aim is to define and justify via the physiology of the leaf and the root, the conditions allowing to obtain the best contents and compositions in ginsenosides. For this purpose, tests under shade-culture conditions on 2 production sites in field or in controlled conditions in a greenhouse will be set up and conducted on plants of 1 to 4 years. Various post-harvest treatments will be associated with these production trials
Ncube, Richmond. « Land Tenure Rights and Poverty Reduction in Mafela Resettlement Community (Matobo District, Zimbabwe) ». Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4825_1323161074.
Texte intégralit also sought to find out if there is evidence linking tenure rights to poverty reduction and how land tenure rights governance systems affect their livelihoods. Suffice to say in both the animal kingdom and human world, territorial space and integrity, its demarcation as well as how resources are used within the space, given the area - calls for a - defined system of rights by the residents themselves. Whilst it is true that there is no one story about Zimbabweâs land reform (Scoones et al 2011), the contribution of this research towards insights emanating from the newly resettled farmers adds another invaluable contribution in the realm of rural development issues.
Faucher, Karine. « Le système latéral du bar, Dicentrarchus labrax, et les conséquences d'un dysfonctionnement sur son comportement : action potentielle des ions métalliques ». La Rochelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LAROS124.
Texte intégralThe lateral system is a sensory organ found in aquatic amphibians and fish. It is used by fish for obstacle identification and localization obstacles, for moving objects (preys, predators) detection, for the detection of vibrations generated by low-frequency sound waves, for intraspecific communication (shoaling and sexual parade) and rheotaxis. The functional and morphologic integrity of this sensory system appears thus as an indispensable element for the presence and the survey of fish in an ecosystem. By its localization at the interface between the animal and the environment, and the fact that it functions via ion flux, this sensory organ, directly and constantly exposed to ambient medium, could then be the target of a natural or anthropic pollution. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of an environmental metallic pollution (and in particular, the cadmium ion) on tissues and function of the sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L. ) lateral system, then to observe behavioral consequences induced on individual groups evolving in laboratory controlled conditions. A preliminary study concerning morphologic characteristics and spatial distribution of both types of neuromasts composing the sea bass lateral system was realized using scanning electron microscopy. As usually observed in teleosts, the sea bass possesses two types of neuromasts (superficial and canal ones) distributed on the head, trunk and tail. The decreasing gradient of sensory capacity, underlined from the rostral to the caudal ends of the sea bass trunk lateral line system, is really original and could be involved in the lateral system function. The major sensitivity axis of both types of neuromasts from the trunk lateral line system was identified along the fish's long axis, which confers itself a greater sensitivity of stimuli applied along its body. To reveal the behavioral consequences related to a sea bass lateral system dysfunction, both types of neuromasts were artificially damaged. For this, a double specific, efficient, reproducible and few invasive technique for fish was developed in order to alter at most this sensory system. This method combined the lateral system nerves section with an antibiotic bath. The results indicate that the fish lateral system inactivation involves a reduction of its habitat vertical exploration behavior. In contrast, the fish lateral system inactivation has no effect on the fish nocturnal demand feeding when stationary preys constitute food. A sensory compensation system leaning on olfactive system sets very quickly. The behavioral consequences of an acute exposition of sea bass to cadmium ions were then investigated. This study has shown that cadmium at high concentration in seawater (5 µg. L-1) has an inhibitory effect on the fish startle response facing a danger. This behavioral effect goes along with the destruction of both types of lateral system neuromasts observed in scanning electron microscopy. After 21 days, we notice tissue neuromast regeneration as well as fish startle response restoration. In contrast, when exposed to cadmium at the concentration of the contaminated natural environment (0,5 µg. L-1), fish startle response was not modified and neuromast tissues remain intact. However, in this study, the stimuli applied to simulate a danger to fish being of relatively high intensity, we can wonder if after an acute exposition to cadmium at 0,5 µg. L-1, the sea bass will be always able to detect the surreptitious movement of an alive moving prey. This work would earn to be pursued by studies aiming at determining the cadmium threshold concentration responsible to neuromast tissue damages and the one causing behavioral disorders. It would be also interesting to examine the synergetic effect of metallic ions present in natural environment (cadmium, cobalt, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, zinc, etc. . . ) on the sea bass lateral system and on this species behavior
Van, Frank Gaëlle. « Gestion participative de la diversité cultivée et création de mélanges diversifiés de blé tendre à la ferme ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS525/document.
Texte intégralThe transition from a diversified agriculture to a productivist system has led to a decline in cultivated diversity and raises many environmental, societal and health issues. Alternatives such as agro-ecology have emerged, based in particular on the enhancement of agro-biodiversity and genetic diversity within agro-ecosystems. Considering that there are no varieties adapted to their needs in the catalogue, farmers and facilitators from the Réseau Semences Paysannes (RSP) have been conducting a participatory breeding project (PPB) for bread wheat since 2006, in collaboration with the DEAP (Diversity, Evolution and Adaptation of Populations) team at UMR GQE Le Moulon. These farmers are mobilizing diversity to select populations adapted to their practices, terroir and outlets, with the aim of regaining their seed autonomy and a coherence of their system. My thesis focuses on the study of the impacts of collective management and peasant selection practices on wheat crop diversity and population adaptation. It aims to propose possible adaptation of existing PPB practices and to support the implementation of new projects. The impacts of on-farm creation and selection practices of population mixtures on their agronomic and morphological behaviour were evaluated through an experiment in collaboration with about fifteen farmers and facilitators from the RSP. In a second part we studied the impacts of natural selection and peasant selection on the evolution of populations, their stability and adaptation to environments during the wheat PPB project. Then a prospective study on the impacts of the adoption of heterogeneous varieties on cultivated diversity at the landscape level was conducted, by assessing the diversity of populations from PPB, simulating adoption of heterogeneous varieties scenarii and using cultivated diversity indicators. Finally, the impacts of the on-farm experimental design parameters on the adjustment and accuracy of estimates from Bayesian models were assessed, to improve our ability to detect significant differences between populations and to provide recommendations for other decentralized variety evaluation projects using the designs and models developed in the French wheat PPB project
Mfuywa, Sigqibo Onward. « Factors affecting the functioning of the pro-active land acquisition strategy in the Buffalo City Municipal area ». Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011786.
Texte intégralArends, Ursula F. « Women and land : acces to and use of land and natural resources in the communal areas of rural South Africa ». Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7803_1297334501.
Texte intégralThe typical face of poverty in South Africa is African, rural, and female. As the primary users of rural land, women engage in farming and subsistence activities. Despite this pivotal role played by rural women, they experience grave problems under communal tenure, most notably in relation to access to and use of land and productive resources. Research has shown that the majority of rural households in South Africa derive significant proportions of their livelihoods from land-based activities, and that the value of common property resources associated with land, for example livestock production, crop production, and natural resource harvesting is often overlooked as an important asset of poor rural communities. The importance of these landbased livelihoods sources is even greater for female-headed households, female members of rural households, and the very poor or &lsquo
marginalised&rsquo
members of rural communities, since they tend to be more reliant on landbased livelihoods than those with secure income from pensions, wageearning activity or remittances from migrant labourers. The importance of security of land tenure to the sustainability of rural livelihoods, particularly insofar as rural women are concerned, is the central focus of this study.
Shayamano, Innocent. « Trajectory from government-managed to farmer-managed smallholder irrigation and its effects on productivity, operation and maintenance : An analysis of Mamina Smallholder Irrigation Scheme in Zimbabwe ». Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6189.
Texte intégralGovernment's decision to devolve irrigation management to farmers was partly influenced by international policy imperatives, which were propounded mainly by institutions associated with the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) and the inability by the government to continue funding operation and maintenance costs. The central question of the study is to understand the effects of Irrigation Management Transfer (IMT) on productivity, operation and maintenance in the Mamina Irrigation Scheme. Interviews with various primary and secondary stakeholders that included the irrigators, local political leadership and locally-based agriculture extension officers were carried out. The interviews were aimed at getting an insight on land tenure, participation and representation of women, water and electricity supply system and pricing, effects of irrigation management arrangements on equity and productivity, understanding the irrigators' food security status, operation and maintenance arrangement after Irrigation Management Transfer (IMT). Findings of this study suggest that the existing governance arrangements have partly led to low crop productivity, increased water and electricity bill arrears, poor water distribution, change to uneconomic plot sizes, unsustainable increase in the number of irrigators, failure to organise for operation and maintenance. The key factors influencing the poor performance include poor collaboration, pumping system that utilised more electricity, inability of the irrigators to replace leaky pipes, failure of the irrigators to contribute towards electricity and water bills, failure of the irrigators to contribute towards operation and maintenance. The study identified nine challenges that affected the success of IMT. The challenges that lay at the heart of Mamina irrigation scheme were mainly caused by the poor irrigation technology design, pricing structure of electricity, water permit system, inequalities in water distribution, low gender participation and representation, non-availability of formal markets for certain crops, food insecurity, plot alloction and land disputes. Poverty analysis has shown that the irrigators' ability to escape from poverty or food insecurity is critically dependent upon their access to assets. Different assets are required to achieve different livelihood outcomes. The cycle of accumulation of utility bill arrears continued even after devolution because the same defective irrigation infrastructure was transferred to the irrigators. In the case of Mamina irrigation scheme, modernisation of the scheme was required to achieve different livelihood outcomes, but because this did not happen the recurrent utility bill arrears, low productivity and food insecurity continued to be a very serious challenge even after IMT.
Krumplytė, Kristina. « Žemės naudojimo tendencijos ir ypatumai Šiaurės Lietuvos karstiniame regione ». Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070808.112558-21266.
Texte intégralThe sinkhole region of Northern Lithuania is one of the most complicated and problematical regions. It is difficult to co-ordinate ecological, economical and social interests in the region because of the peculiarities of land and nature in it. This causes many conflicts connected to organization of land exploitation in this region. The most problematic district of the sinkhole region is the one where the sinkhole derivatives are very dense (regions of Birzai and Pasvalys). It is the zone of an active sinkhole, which is allocated according to sinkholes density along the surface and the intensity of appearance of them. Such an allocation was not determined by the intensively of the process itself. It was determined by a problematic employment of the land in an agricultural way. An active perfunctonary sinkhole zones is called to be the most complicated territories for employment of nature and ecology. One needs to have an exceptional knowledge about the territories mentioned in a case to employ them for agricultural purposes. New forms of relief are to appear in a very short period of time in the sinkhole region of Northern Lithuania. This makes farming difficult, special safety measures need to be taken into consideration. This stimulates to find out more about the peculiarities of the evolution of sinkhole relief. In this paper there are the users of agricultural land and their land-tenure analyzed in case to preview the expansion of agriculture and the perspectives of... [to full text]
Bowring, Simon. « Représenter le rejet présent et futur de carbone dans les rivières dans les régions de pergélisol à l'aide d'un modèle de surface ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV034/document.
Texte intégralFor much of the Pleistocene, regions of the Earth underlain by permafrost have been net accumulators of terrestrially-fixed plant carbon (C), known as organic C, to the extent that in the present day the soils of the northern circumpolar permafrost region alone contain a C mass outweighing that which exists in the modern atmosphere by a factor of over two. At the same time, the rivers of the Arctic permafrost region discharge about 11% of the global volumetric river water flux into oceans, doing so into an ocean (the Arctic) with 1% of global ocean water volume and a very high surface area: volume ratio, making it comparatively sensitive to influxes of terrestrially derived matter. This river flux is sourced from precipitation as either rain or snow, which, upon initial contact with the landscape has the immediate potential to interact with C in one of two ways: Water running over carbonate or silicate –bearing rocks will cause a reaction whose reactant requires the uptake of atmospheric CO2, which is subsequently transported in river water. This ‘inorganic’ C derived from interaction of water, atmosphere and lithosphere thus represents a C storage or ‘sink’ vector. In addition, water interacting with organic matter in tree canopies, litter or soil can dissolve C contained therein, and transfer it via surface and subsurface water flows into rivers, whereupon it may either be metabolised to the atmosphere or exported to the sea. Recent improvements in understanding of terrestrial C dynamics indicate that this hydrologic transfer of organic matter represents the dominant fate of organic carbon, after plant and soil respiration are accounted for. In the context of amplified Arctic anthropogenic warming, the thermal exposure imposed on the permafrost C stock with expectations of enhanced future precipitation point toward substantial shifts in the lateral flux-mediated organic and inorganic C cycle. However, the complex totality of the processes involved make prediction of this shift difficult. Addressing this gap in instrumental power and theoretical understanding, this collection of studies builds upon previous advances in earth system modelling to include the production and lateral transport of dissolved organic C (DOC), respiration-derived CO2, and rock-weathering derived alkalinity in a global land surface model previously developed to specifically resolve permafrost-region processes. By subjecting the resulting model to state of the art soil, water, vegetation and climatology datasets, we are able to reproduce existing lateral transport processes and fluxes, and project them into the future. In what follows, we show that while Pan-Arctic alkalinity exports and attendant CO2 uptake increase over the 20th and 21st Centuries under warming, DOC fluxes decline largely as a result of deeper soil water flow-paths and the resulting changes in carbon-water interactions. Rather than displaying a clear continuous (linear or non-linear) temperature sensitivity, future Arctic DOC release can increase or decrease with temperature depending on changes in the thermal state and hydrologic flow paths in the deep soil. The net marine effect of these fluxes is to decrease future terrestrially derived seawater acidification. Future model improvements to include representations of particulate C, methane generation, pyrogenic DOC, peat generation, soil ice/land surface subsidence are required to increase the rigor of the results generated by these models
Gay, Lauriane. « À la recherche de l'hégémonie : la fabrique très politique des politiques publiques foncières en Ouganda sous le National Resistance Movement (NRM) : Entre changement et inertie ». Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD017/document.
Texte intégralLand tenure, defined as the set of relations among humans that determine their interaction with land, lies at the heart of power struggles, especially in agrarian societies. Governing land management through public policy means changing power relations between the state and the local institutions that exercise social control. Using Uganda under the regime of the National Resistance Movement (NRM) as its case study, this thesis in political science explores the manner a public policy concerning land is constructed through the interactions among various power structures. We are dealing here with the interactions among polity, politics and policy. Examined as a political activity, the construction of a public policy concerning land in African contexts goes beyond a matter of concern for the state alone. This activity is a source of political legitimacy for those actors participating in the process. Its instrumentalisation can lead to changes in power relations. This process starts with the construction of the problem and ends with the negotiation of a solution. This inductive research is based on qualitative research methods : participant observation, semi-structured interviews, analysis of grey literature and of archives. It is based on four years of field work in Uganda. This thesis innovates theoretically as it integrates the discursive and pragmatic approach of public policy to structuration theory. It ties this approach to the notion of « historicity of the imported state ». This theoretical framework allows us to study the ordering and disordering of society that are triggered by the formulation of problems and solutions. It provides a detailed empirical study of public policy concerning land in Uganda. This thesis contributes, more generally, to the study of democratisation in Africa, land tenure in Africa and public policy in African contexts
Clark, Tony Rodney. « The impact of employment equity legislation on land reform delivery within the provincial land reform office of the department of rural development and land reform in the Western Cape ». Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2106.
Texte intégralThe main objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of Employment Equity Legislation on land reform delivery within the Provincial Land Reform Office of the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform in the Western Cape Province. In order to achieve this goal the researcher conducted a literature search of relevant books, journal articles, academic papers, news paper articles, legislation and subordinate legislation, policy documents, official reports, other applicable published and unpublished research materials. In conjunction with the literature search, the researcher developed a survey questionnaire to establish whether employment equity legislation does have a negative impact on land reform delivery within the provincial land reform office in the Western Cape. The survey was conducted arnonqst 60 employees within the Provincial Land Reform Office in Cape Town, including the District Offices of the Provincial Office. Fifty four (54) responses were used in the analysis, which represent a 90% rate of return. Based on the findings of the literature study and the empirical survey, 51.9% respondents' are of the opinion that the implementation of employment equity legislation does have a negative impact on land reform delivery within the provincial land reform office of the Western Cape. The researcher recommends that the department should consider using provincial demographics when employing staff within its provincial offices to ensure a more stable workforce. This is a true reflection of the responses as the majority of the respondents (81.5 %) agreed that Employment Equity (EE) targets should be based on provincial demographics rather than national demographics, whilst 13% of the respondents disagreed with this statement. Seventy seven comma eight percent (77.8 %) of the respondents also agreed that EE should reflect the target market being served. This will go a long way to foster good employer - employee relationships.
Bejjani-Ghauch, Alice. « Apport de l’analyse élémentaire (IBA) et moléculaire (ToF-SIMS) par faisceaux d’ions à l’étude de matériaux d’intérêt environnemental et pharmaceutique ». Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10302.
Texte intégralThe aim of this study is to analyze heterogeneous organic matter by exhibiting analytical difficulties by classical techniques under solid state. The first part of this work is dedicated to the study of pesticides photodegradation impregnated in soils by ToF-SIMS technique. A comparative investigation of the induced phenomenon obtained with the same pesticides deposited as thin layer on a neutral support helped in studying the degradation kinetics of those pesticides especially their half-lives. The second part is dedicated to the development of new analytical method for the analysis of commercialized pharmaceutical compounds without prior sample preparation. We have demonstrated the possibility of active ingredient (A.I.) quantification in the presence of the excipients by the following analytical techniques: IBA techniques if the A.I. contains an heteroatom, however, absent in the excipients. The precision (< 7%) is found to be in the majority of the studied cases within the analytical standards of the quality control processes. ToF-SIMS technique for all drugs however within a specific range of concentration defined by the calibration curves for improved sensitivities. These restrictions in the dynamic concentration range depend on the nature of the mixtures A.I. / Excipients on hand and show evidence of the matrix effect on the other hand. A deep investigation on the matrix nature should improve the sample preparation method for more performance analysis. To our knowledge, it is the first time that the above mentioned techniques whose analytical advantages and limitations have been discussed were applied to such solid matrix samples
Chevalier, Julie. « Utilisation du comportement natatoire de Daphnia magna comme indicateur sensible et précoce de toxicité pour l'évaluation de la qualité de l'eau ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0443/document.
Texte intégralSwimming behavior is increasingly reported as a sensitive and early indicator of toxicant stress in aquatic organisms. However, it remains unclear how to quantify the sensitivity of swimming behavioral endpoints and how to compare these effect thresholds with standard ecotoxicological endpoints used in risk assessment. To date, the systematic assessment of the sensitivity of swimming behavioral endpoints in daphnia is limited because of the restrained test capacity of existing behavioral analysis systems. Hence, we developed a new behavioral analysis multi-cellsystemnamed “Multi-DaphTrack” with a high throughput testing capacity in order to enhance our understanding of swimming behavioral effects in Daphnia magnaunder chemical exposure. Twelve compounds covering different modes oftoxic action were selected and tested in this new system andin a single-cell commercialized biomonitor (DaphToxI®) and with the acute standard test.Our new multi-cellexposure system detectedsignificant and early swimming behavioral effects (i.e.,increase of the average speed) for most of the tested compounds and this, from the first hour of exposure at concentrations near the EC10(48h). Contrastedbehavioral profiles were observed for average speed (i.e., intensity, time of effect onset, effect duration), but no distinct behavioral profiles could be drawn from the chemical mode of action. Despite less sensitive,the DaphToxI®gave similar trends (i.e.,rapid peak increase) compared to our “Multi-DaphTrack” system. To conclude, behavior analysis using our “Multi-DaphTrack”systemcould be used as an alternative or complement to the current acute standard test for toxicity assessment of chemicals. With some additional improvements and validations, it also could be used forquality assessment of waterbodiesand sewages
Yamine, Nasser El. « Contribution à l'étude qualitative des eaux d'alimentation des principales agglomérations marocaines : problème du maintien, de l'amélioration et de la protection de cette qualité ». Montpellier 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON20027.
Texte intégralFraigneau, Yann. « Etudes numériques de l'évolution diurne de l'ozone dans la région d'une agglomération ». Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES063.
Texte intégralBellier, Sandra. « Modélisation de la contamination nitrique de la nappe des calcaires de Champigny : Application à la protection des captages prioritaires de la fosse de Melun et de la basse vallée de l'Yerres ». Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00973876.
Texte intégralLi, Xiaoshan. « La protection des actionnaires minoritaires dans les sociétés anonymes : étude comparative du droit français et du droit chinois ». Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020021.
Texte intégralThe dissertation aimed to point out that the methods of the protection of minority shareholders in Chinese law and in French law are not subject to the different criteria. In company limited by shares, the legal provisions intend to find a balance of relation between majority shareholders and minority shareholders, and between the shareholders and the company or group of company. It is corporate profits and the principal of equality that direct legislators and judges to suggest applicable solutions.It is important to notify that in French law, legal provisions about the responsibility of majority shareholders or company leaders and the ways of resort of minority shareholders provide reference for improvement of Chinese law. Besides, the study of acquisition of chinese listed companies, looked from the angle of the protection of minority shareholders, very different from tender offer in French law, demonstrate the characteristics of Chinese stock market and deserve foreign investors’ enough attention
Abbou, Sofyane. « Phénomènes locaux instationnaires dans les piles à combustible à membrane (PEMFC) fonctionnant en mode bouché (dead-end) ». Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0208/document.
Texte intégralThis work investigates the local transient phenomena occurring in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) operated with a dead-ended anode. The dead-end mode consists in closing the anode outlet, which leads eventually to local hydrogen starvation due to the excessive accumulation of liquid water and nitrogen (because of membrane crossover) in the anode compartment. Such fuel-starvation events may remain undetected but can entail a significant rise of the anode (and thus cathode) potentials and accelerate carbon corrosion and catalyst degradation. To access local information, we developed an innovative segmented linear cell with reference electrodes along the gas channels. By simultaneously monitoring the local potentials and current densities during operation, we assessed the impact of fuel starvation and observed strong local cathode potential excursions close to the anode outlet. Aging protocols based on fuel cell operation with a dead-ended anode (longer than in real use condition) showed non-uniform cathode ElectroChemical Surface Area (ECSA) losses and performance degradation along the cell area: the damage was more severe in the regions suffering the longest from fuel starvation. Parametric studies completed by numerical simulations showed that the fuel starvation is mainly governed by liquid water accumulation in the anode channels, as well as nitrogen crossover through the membrane. As a consequence, water management impacts significantly the cathode potential variations and thus the resulting electrode degradation. Starting from this founding, we propose strategies to improve fuel cell lifetime
Lee, Samuel. « Information and control in financial markets ». Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics (EFI), 2009. http://www2.hhs.se/efi/summary/799.htm.
Texte intégralQian, Yu. « Analyser le gène PKC-2 chez Caernorhabditis elegans et crible les mutants contre sérotonine chez le C. elegans souche pkc-2 (ok328) ». Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00712129.
Texte intégralLestrade, Éric. « Les principes directeurs du procès dans la jurisprudence du Conseil Constitutionnel ». Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40033/document.
Texte intégralIn spite of a relatively low number of written dispositions dedicated to justice inside of the body of the Constitution of October 1958 4th, the constitutional Council, while updating this text through the Declaration of Human Rights, contributed to the development of a procedural constitutional law, which is structured around guiding principles. Those principles can be classified within three different categories : two major categories depend on the trial actor that is primarily concerned, either the judge or the parties; a third and additional category pertaining to procedural protections, fosters the essential qualities of the judge and secure the protection of the parties’ rights. A gradation of the requirements of the constitutional Council is discreetly perceptible between the first two categories of principles, and more easily identifiable between those first two categories and the last one. This decreasing scale of “density” yoked to the trial guiding principles highlights a genuine judicial policy when it comes to procedural constitutional law, emphasizing access to the judge, whom is given essential qualities in order to achieve its judicial duty. However, the action of the French constitutional judge, as satisfactory as it is towards the rights of the trial, would easily support the intervention of the constituent power in order to update Justice’s constitutional status
Wang, Yi-Yun, et 王憶雲. « A Study on the Criticisms of Japanese NaturalismHasegawa Tenkei, Shimamura Hougetsu, “Art and Action” ». Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81693516942514745715.
Texte intégral國立臺灣大學
日本語文學研究所
94
This thesis aims to examine the criticisms of Japanese naturalism, which prompt the naturalistic movement in Japanese literature. During the 1910s, the Japanese naturalism becoming the first and large-scale literary movement in modern Japanese literary history, results from the unreserved and wholehearted support of the critics, which implies that with the depression of critical review, also comes the recession of the movement. In addition to the movement itself, two most important critics of naturalism, Hasegawa Tenkei and Shimamura Hougetsu, will be discussed in this thesis. First I begin with two perspectives, Self-Fiction and pre-naturalism, as the basis of following chapters concerning the criticism of naturalism. In chapter two, I analyze the discourse about “criticism” around 1910s and, the intellectual characteristics, rather than artistic ones, of this movement. A detailed review is provided, of previous research on criticism of naturalism .In chapter three, with the focus on the two critics, Hasegawa Tenkei and Shimamura Hougetsu, I introduce their experiences before they become advocates of naturalism, and discuss the influence on Tenkei and Hougetsu, exerted by the publication of Hakai, a fiction written by Shimazaki Touson. In chapter four, in the light of the keywords “Art and Action”, I examine the timing of this issue, and argue the inevitability of the internal logic of Tenkei and Hougetsu. I also present the view of Iwano Houmei, who holds opposite opinion against them. On the other hand, I attempt to scrutinize the external influence from society through following perspectives, the ban on the fiction “Tokai”, the “Debakame” event, and the suspicion of the phrase “Can Bungei (literature and art) be a lifetime career for a man to devote himself to?”, a phrase traditionally epitomized by Futabatei Shimei (though the claim is still in dispute.) In the final part of the thesis, I emphasize the multi-layered meaning of the question “art and action” in the Japanese naturalism criticism, and evaluate the significance of Japanese naturalism.
Subrayan, Darren. « The immediate effect of dry needling of the most tender active myofascial trigger point of the rotator cuff musculature on bowling speed in action cricket fast bowlers ». Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/445.
Texte intégralPurpose Cricket fast bowlers are prone to the development of Myofascial pain syndrome and in particular active myofascial trigger points in their rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder joint (Scott, et al. 2001). This is due to the severe stresses placed upon the muscles, bones and joints of the shoulder as a result of the high velocity throwing action (Bartlett, et al.1996). In muscles containing active myofascial trigger points a decrease in the stretch range of motion as well as the maximal contractile force is noted, these two factors may negatively affect the speed at which a fast bowler deliver the ball (Travell, Simons and Simons, 1999). Dry needling is viewed as the most effective means of deactivating myofascial trigger points leading to in increase in both the contractile force and range of motion of the affected muscle, which could increase the speed at which the bowler delivers the ball (Wilks, 2003). The aim of the study was to determine the immediate effect of dry needling active myofascial trigger points of the rotator cuff on bowling speed in action cricket fast bowlers. Method The study consisted of 40 participants (randomly split into two equal groups of 20) each with shoulder pain of a myofascial origin. Group A (intervention group) received the dry needling intervention in their most tender active myofascial trigger point. While participants in Group B (control group) received no treatment. Bowling speeds were measured both before and after the intervention, to determine its effect on bowling speed. IV Data was entered into MS Exel spreadsheet and imported into SPSS version 15 (SPSS Inc.,Chicago, Iiiinois, USA), which was used for data analysis. Paticipants were evaluated on bowling speed, Algometer readings and Numerical pain rating Scale (NRS) both pre and post intervention. Participants were also asked if they believed the intervention increased, decreased or had no effect on their bowling speeds. Two sample t-test was used to compare baseline values between the groups. A repeated measure ANOVA was used to compare the rate of change of each outcome over time in the two groups. Pearson’s correlation analysis (intra-group) was used to assess the strength and magnitude of correlations of the changes in the outcomes. The McNemar – Bowker test and Weighted Cohen’s kappa statistics were calculated to assess agreement between perceived and actual levels of change. Results A significant treatment effect was observed in the intervention group were an increase in bowling speed, algometer readings as well a decrease in Numerical pain rating scale(NRS) scores was observed. There was also a perceived increase in the speed the participants delivered the ball in the intervention group. No significant changes were observed in the control group. The findings of this study indicate that dry needling as a treatment modality would be beneficial to fast bowlers in not only increasing their speeds but also the pain experienced as a result of active myofascial trigger points.
Xu, Mei. « A Novel Pathway for Enhanced Metabolic Capacities Underlies the Neuroprotective Actions of Teneurin C-Terminal Associated Peptide (TCAP)-1 ». Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33592.
Texte intégralSeuane, Sonia Marisa James. « Finding new coping mechanisms : the impact of HIV and AIDS on womenâs access to land in Mozambique ». Thesis, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4189_1273612575.
Texte intégralIn this full thesis, I explore the impact that HIV and AIDS pandemic is having in the livelihood strategies of rural women in Mozambique. My intention in this work is to highlight the navigation of Mozambican women through this harsh era. I establish a discussion about land as major asset in a poor and mainly agricultural country like Mozambique. And the fact that many scholars and policy makers are concerned about the escalating number of young widows that have had their land and other assets expropriated after the deaths of their husbands, mainly due to the HIV and AIDS pandemic. The convergence of the colonization process, the civil war (that took over 16 years in Mozambique) and the modernization/development process have been systematically trapping women in the interface between traditional and modern social organization. Now, with the spread of HIV and AIDS, young women and children whose only source of subsistence is their land have been losing their traditional rights, and they face the cultural changes brought about by a new social order that does not support them and their children after the death of a husband or father.
Connolly, Anthony J. « Conceptual incommensurability and the judicial understanding of indigenous action ». Phd thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150950.
Texte intégralNyirasafari, Philomene. « Some Demographic Aspects of Womenâs Access to Land for Farming in South Africa : A comparison from 2004 to 2007 ». Thesis, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3643_1275596664.
Texte intégralThe issue of women&rsquo
s access to land is a developmental issue. From a fundamental research view point, this study aims to explore the circumstances in which women access land in South Africa. The study examines the inequalities that may arise in the context of land access, land acquisition
land use, activities taking place on land and closely related issues focusing specifically on women in general, and women headed households in particular. The study is based on demographic characteristics such as age, gender, marital status, occupational groups, education, province of residence and ethnic groups. Bringing together the demographic variables and land related variables, the study captures the structural changes between 2004 and 2007. Using 2004 and 2007 GHS secondary data requested from Statistics South Africa, cross tabulation and bivariate statistical analysis by means of SPSS software was performed. The results obtained indicate that the inequality against women&rsquo
s access to land still persists. Some women have access to land for agricultural purpose but few own it. The findings suggest that a number of factors including age, place of residence, marital status, ethnic group, literacy, educational level, of women are associated with the ability of women to access and acquire land. The sustainable livelihood framework is a theory that guided this study. Diversification is commonly used to prevent time of risks and shocks. In general, the study shows that the proportion of women who had access to land was 16% in 2004. This figure dropped to 14% in 2007.
Kruger, Heleen Philippine. « The social and institutional aspects of industry-driven fruit fly area-wide management in Australian horticulture industries ». Phd thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/201671.
Texte intégralPažitný, Michael. « Ochrana vlastnického práva v rozhodovací praxi soudů v České republice ». Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-350252.
Texte intégralPiskorz-Szpytka, Alicja. « Obowiązki nabywców znacznych pakietów akcji spółek publicznych nałożone na podmioty dominujące oraz działające w porozumieniu ». Doctoral thesis, 2016. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/1949.
Texte intégralThe subject of this dissertation are the legal issues concerning the imposition of obligations of purchasers of material blocks of shares in public companies on entities which indirectly or through collective action are in a position to affect the functioning of a public company, namely on the parent entities of shareholders in public companies (which together create the relevant capital group) and those acting in concert. The analysis mostly concerns the provisions of the Act of 29 July 2005 on Public Offering, Conditions Governing the Introduction of Financial Instruments to Organized Trading, and Public Companies (consolidated text: OJ 2013 Item 1382, with amendments, hereinafter referred to as “the Act”) in which are stipulated obligations of purchasers of material blocks of shares, viz. information obligations (disclosure of shareholdings), obligations concerning tender offers, and the civil-law sanction of prohibition of exercise of voting rights which may be imposed on violators of these obligations. The aforementioned provisions implement European Union directives and form part of the special protective mechanisms of the capital market. These mechanisms mark the legislator’s response to identified risks which can materialize with regard to participants of the capital market, investors in particular. Due to the fact that being in a position to exert influence on a public company need not involve direct and independent ownership of a significant block of shares, the legislator extended the scope of the relevant obligations onto parent entities and those acting in concert. The Act provides for administrative sanctions, as well as prohibition of exercise of voting rights for entities violating their information (disclosure) and offer-related obligations. Well-designed sanction provisions should produce an effective and proportionate mechanism safeguarding the performance of those statutory obligations which the sanctions are intended to protect.Discussion focuses on the general research problem of finding optimal normative solutions for imposing obligations on purchasers of material blocks of shares on parent entities and persons acting in concert, with the understanding that any such solutions should achieve their purpose while not creating unnecessary regulatory burdens for the addressee, what could have negative impact on the functioning of the capital market. It is important to design solutions that would take into account the specificity of the circumstances in which the obligations arise for particular groups of addresses. The goal is to answer the following research question: are the Act’s normative solutions concerning the imposition of obligations of purchasers of material blocks of shares on parent entities, those acting in concert, and the sanction of prohibition of exercise of voting rights for violators optimal normative solutions? The dissertation ventured from the general hypothesis that these solutions are not optimal and require changes. The primary goal of the dissertation is therefore to answer the aforementioned research question and, in consequence, verify the hypothesis. To this end, as an intermediate research goal, analysis was carried out of the provisions imposing information and offer-related obligations, as well as provisions establishing the sanction of prohibition of exercise of voting rights. This permitted conclusions de lege lata concerning the various specific provisions, which supplied the necessary material for their assessment in the light of the main research question. The final goal is to propose conclusions de lege ferenda to help create optimal normative solutions. Owing to the research goals discussion follows the dogmatic method. Supplementary discussion follows the historical and comparative law method. For the analysis were selected British and German law.The dissertation consists of four numbered chapters, preceded and followed by sections titled “Introduction” and “Conclusions” respectively. Basically, the construction of each of the chapters is based on the following elements: introductory remarks, the characteristics of the solutions adopted in European Union law and selected foreign legal systems, ratio legis and the genesis of a particular regulation, the analysis of the solutions adopted in the Polish law and a summary. Chapter 1 provides a general overview of obligations of purchasers of material blocks of shares. Chapter 2 proceeds to analysis of the provisions imposing obligations on parent entities, discussing three specific research topics: The first mostly focuses on the legal definition of a parent entity. As this definition is associated with the definitions of a subsidiary and a capital group, those also are synthetically characterized. The second consists in analysis of the provisions imposing obligations in the scope of the circumstances in which the obligations arise for parent entities. The third looks into the manner in which the obligations are to be performed. As regards the performance of information obligations, the focus of the research was to determine the contents of the notification required of the parent entity and whether this obligation, where arising for a subsidiary, may be fulfilled by its parent entity. As regards the performance of obligations concerning tender offers, considered next is which entity – in those cases when such obligations arise for multiple entities belonging to the same capital group – ought to be the one submitting the offer and acquiring shares as a result. Chapter 3 follows the same structure but with regard to the imposition of obligations on persons acting in concert. The first topic deals widely with the definition of those acting in concert. The second consists in analysis of the provisions imposing obligations in the scope of the circumstances in which the obligations arise for those acting in concert. The third looks into the manner in which the obligations are to be performed. The focus is to determine the contents of the notification and who of those acting in concert ought to or may perform the respective obligations (give notification, submit the offer, acquire the shares). Chapter 4 is devoted to issues surrounding the sanction of prohibition of exercise of voting rights for breach of obligations of purchasers of material blocks of shares by parent entities and those acting in concert. The primary purpose of this chapter is to determine when a breach of obligation by a parent entity or one acting in concert triggers the sanction and the extent of that sanction (what shares are affected) and if the sanction may affect the shares which does not directly belong to the entity which breach concrete obligation. The last-mentioned problem concerns the duration of the sanction, i.e. whether the sanction remains in place indefinitely after the breach or ceases with subsequent performance of the obligation breached. The final part of the dissertation, Conclusions, proposes an answer to the main research question and, in consequence, verifies the hypothesis. It also lays out the most important conclusions de lege lata and recommendations de lege ferenda concerning those normative solutions as to which doubts have arisen and appropriate solutions the Act is missing.The dissertation considers the law in force as at 3 March 2016.