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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Acquisition modele »

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Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 25 mai 2024

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1

Bermúez, Rafael Rincón, et Guadalupe Peláez Ramírez. « Adquisición de Tecnología : Un Modelo de Gestión ». RECIBE, REVISTA ELECTRÓNICA DE COMPUTACIÓN, INFORMÁTICA, BIOMÉDICA Y ELECTRÓNICA 2, n^o 3 (5 décembre 2013) : C1–1—C1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/recibe.v2i3.12.

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En la actualidad, las empresas basan su gestión en la utilización de la información, por lo cual necesitan el apoyo de los recursos tecnológicos para facilitar esta labor, sin importar la razón social o el sector productivo al que pertenezcan. Es por ello, que las Tecnologías de la Información juegan un papel muy importante para la toma de decisiones, brindando en el menor tiempo posible información organizada. Sin embargo, en muchas ocasiones por responder a necesidades internas o externas de manera precipitada, se adquieren tecnologías de información sin un adecuado proceso de análisis organizativo y establecimiento de requerimientos, lo que implica en algunos casos una errada selección de los proveedores o una adquisición de tecnología equivocada. Este modelo se fundamenta en unos referentes normativos tanto internos como externos, así como en unos componentes teóricos, asociados a cada una de las fases que lleva éste y que servirán para la comprensión del mismo. Además, el Modelo de Gestión para la Adquisición de Tecnologías de Información, servirá como base para llevar a cabo de forma organizada el proceso a seguir en la contratación de un servicio o producto en materia de Tecnologías de la Información.

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K. N. Narasimha, Prasad. « Case studies of alternative land acquisition models in india ». i-manager's Journal on Humanities & ; Social Sciences 1, n^o 1 (2019) : 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jhss.1.1.17107.

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Independent India continued with the land acquisition policy based on the doctrine of eminent domain.In the early two and three decades after independence, land acquisition has not been a major challenge Rights were limited, political and non-political organizations mobilizing the public against such acquisitions made them aware of the different provisions of the Land Acquisition Act. However, this situation has gradually changed and land acquisition for infrastructure and developmental works has become difficult. At places like Singer in West Bengal the government was forced to stop the land acquisition and have finally returned the land to the original owners based on court directions. Courts that have generally limited themselves to compensate for property acquired in the interest of society rather than the welfare of an individual have gradually begun to see land acquisition from different perspectives. Even after repeal of the colonial land acquisition act of 1894 and enactment of the new citizen friendly land acquisition act in 2013, the government continues to face major challenges in acquiring lands. At the same time there have been some initiatives in employing alternative land acquisition models and employing them successfully. This study traces the process of land acquisition in India and makes case studies of a few alternative land acquisition models and their reception by the people.

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Vinod, Venkateswaran, et SUDARSANAM S K. « Multiple Models in Predicting Acquisitions in the Indian Manufacturing Sector : A Performance Comparison ». Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management 18 (2023) : 791–818. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/5205.

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Aim/Purpose: Acquisitions play a pivotal role in the growth strategy of a firm. Extensive resources and time are dedicated by a firm toward the identification of prospective acquisition candidates. The Indian manufacturing sector is currently experiencing significant growth, organically and inorganically, through acquisitions. The principal aim of this study is to explore models that can predict acquisitions and compare their performance in the Indian manufacturing sector. Background: Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) have been integral to a firm’s growth strategy. Over the years, academic research has investigated multiple models for predicting acquisitions. In the context of the Indian manufacturing industry, the research is limited to prediction models. This research paper explores three models, namely Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, and Multilayer Perceptron, to predict acquisitions. Methodology: The methodology includes defining the accounting variables to be used in the model which have been selected based on strong theoretical foundations. The Indian manufacturing industry was selected as the focus, specifically, data for firms listed in the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) between 2010 and 2022 from the Prowess database. There were multiple techniques, such as data transformation and data scrubbing, that were used to mitigate bias and enhance the data reliability. The dataset was split into 70% training and 30% test data. The performance of the three models was compared using standard metrics. Contribution: The research contributes to the existing body of knowledge in multiple dimensions. First, a prediction model customized to the Indian manufacturing sector has been developed. Second, there are accounting variables identified specific to the Indian manufacturing sector. Third, the paper contributes to prediction modeling in the Indian manufacturing sector where there is limited research. Findings: The study found significant supporting evidence for four of the proposed hypotheses indicating that accounting variables can be used to predict acquisitions. It has been ascertained that statistically significant variables influence acquisition likelihood: Quick Ratio, Equity Turnover, Pretax Margin, and Total Sales. These variables are intrinsically linked with the theories of liquidity, growth-resource mismatch, profitability, and firm size. Furthermore, comparing performance metrics reveals that the Decision Tree model exhibits the highest accuracy rate of 62.3%, specificity rate of 66.4%, and the lowest false positive ratio of 33.6%. In contrast, the Multilayer Perceptron model exhibits the highest precision rate of 61.4% and recall rate of 64.3%. Recommendations for Practitioners: The study findings can help practitioners build custom prediction models for their firms. The model can be developed as a live reference model, which is continually updated based on a firm’s results. In addition, there is an opportunity for industry practitioners to establish a benchmark score that provides a reference for acquisitions. Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers can expand the scope of research by including additional classification modeling techniques. The data quality can be enhanced by cross-validation with other databases. Textual commentary about the target firms, including management and analyst quotes, provides additional insight that can enhance the predictive power of the models. Impact on Society: The research provides insights into leveraging emerging technologies to predict acquisitions. The theoretical basis and modeling attributes provide a foundation that can be further expanded to suit specific industries and firms. Future Research: There are opportunities to expand the scope of research in various dimensions by comparing acquisition prediction models across industries and cross-border and domestic acquisitions. Additionally, it is plausible to explore further research by incorporating non-financial data, such as management commentary, to augment the acquisition prediction model.

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Collins, Tim, Sandra I. Woolley, Erlend Gehlken et Eugene Ch’ng. « Automated Low-Cost Photogrammetric Acquisition of 3D Models from Small Form-Factor Artefacts ». Electronics 8, n^o 12 (1 décembre 2019) : 1441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121441.

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The photogrammetric acquisition of 3D object models can be achieved by Structure from Motion (SfM) computation of photographs taken from multiple viewpoints. All-around 3D models of small artefacts with complex geometry can be difficult to acquire photogrammetrically and the precision of the acquired models can be diminished by the generic application of automated photogrammetric workflows. In this paper, we present two versions of a complete rotary photogrammetric system and an automated workflow for all-around, precise, reliable and low-cost acquisitions of large numbers of small artefacts, together with consideration of the visual quality of the model textures. The acquisition systems comprise a turntable and (i) a computer and digital camera or (ii) a smartphone designed to be ultra-low cost (less than $150). Experimental results are presented which demonstrate an acquisition precision of less than 40 μ m using a 12.2 Megapixel digital camera and less than 80 μ m using an 8 Megapixel smartphone. The novel contribution of this work centres on the design of an automated solution that achieves high-precision, photographically textured 3D acquisitions at a fraction of the cost of currently available systems. This could significantly benefit the digitisation efforts of collectors, curators and archaeologists as well as the wider population.

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LaMagna, Michael, Erica Swenson Danowitz et Andrea Rodgers. « Competing eBook acquisition models : which model best serves a community college library ? » Collection and Curation 39, n^o 2 (12 décembre 2019) : 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cc-07-2019-0019.

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Purpose Academic libraries continue to invest in eBooks to ensure access to content in various formats. This paper aims to examine eBook acquisition models, including patron-driven acquisitions, one-time purchases, focused collection subscriptions or large-scale subscriptions, to better understand how users engage with this content based on usage data. Design/methodology/approach Usage data provide insights into eBook acquisition and how access models influence use. This study defines the acquisition model for each eBook purchase. Data were examined to determine usage by acquisition model and cost-per-use. Findings This paper finds that for a large suburban community college, a large-scale subscription model has the lowest cost-per-use and serves the largest portion of students. Focused collection subscriptions supported small, specialized programs in the Allied Health, Emergency Services, and Nursing fields. Originality/value This paper examines how eBooks are acquired to determine which model best serves an academic library community, specifically a community college library, which is currently underrepresented in the literature.

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Hegedűs, Szilárd, et László Zoltán Kucséber. « Analyzing acquisitions using bankruptcy forecasting models ». Prosperitas, In press (2023) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31570/prosp_2023_0083.

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Merger and acquisition (M&A) transactions are often associated with increasing market share, improved operational efficiency and the ability to create value. Nevertheless, many studies have presented the drawbacks of M&A transactions, including an increase in the risk of bankruptcy. A significant number of companies go bankrupt in Hungary every year, even in non-recession periods. The goal of our analysis is to examine how the risks of companies, especially their bankruptcy risks, were affected by acquisitions in Hungary between 2008 and 2017. The results of our study with a focus on Hungarian companies confirm the research published in the international literature, according to which M&A transactions are unsuccessful in many cases, and the transactions are often followed by adverse effects. Our research results may change the perspectives associated with the allegedly well-known benefits and expectations of acquisitions. Based on our research, we recommend that companies planning to merge or acquire should also consider the possible failure of such transactions.

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Cortez Méndez, Rodrigo José, et Jordy Abrham Hernández Palomeque. « La enfermería desde un pensamiento crítico ». Más Vita 4, n^o 4 (1 décembre 2022) : 217–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47606/acven/mv0180.

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Introducción: El profesional de la enfermería es partícipe de cambios sociales, económicos y culturales en la actualidad; al igual que del bienestar de las personas en cuanto a salud se refiere. Esta actividad involucra la capacitación de profesionales en atención del diagnóstico y tratamiento de enfermedades, a través del conocimiento y estudio en este campo. Para ello, debe establecer propuesta de concientización, prevención e intervención a problemas de salud individual y colectiva, caracterizada por una postura humanista donde el pensamiento crítico modele los nuevos retos en la gestión de calidad de servicios de salud y atención médica. Objetivo: Como objetivo se plantea el análisis teórico del pensamiento crítico en la enfermería, a través de la revisión de literatura con expresión de este concepto. Materiales y métodos: Consiste en un estudio de enfoque cualitativo-descriptivo, con un análisis de la información relacionada con los descriptores en estudio. Resultados: Los retos que enfrenta la enfermería del Siglo XXI son exigentes por los sucesos históricos, políticos, demográficos, culturales, económicos y de índole tecnológica. Y es la visión transformadora del pensamiento crítico que gestiona el fortalecimiento del desarrollo de las destrezas y habilidades de los enfermeros para la prestación de servicios de salud y atención médica. Conclusiones: El pensamiento crítico es una herramienta valiosa para la formación de los profesionales en enfermería, pues modela el cambio de pensamiento y accionar teórico-práctico, para la adquisición de nuevos conocimientos y gestión de la calidad en los servicios de salud y atención médica. A pesar de los avances de la ciencia en la salud, el pensamiento crítico muestra bajos niveles en cuanto a la formación y capacitación de estos profesionales. SUMMARYIntroduction: The nursing professional is a participant in social, economic and cultural changes at present; as well as the well-being of people in terms of health. This activity involves the training of professionals in care for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, through knowledge and study in this field. To do this, it must establish a proposal for awareness, prevention, and intervention in individual and collective health problems, characterized by a humanist position where critical thinking models the new challenges in quality management of health services and medical care. Objective: The objective is the theoretical analysis of critical thinking in nursing, through the review of literature with expression of this concept Materials and methods: It consists of a study with a qualitative-descriptive approach, with an analysis of the information related to the descriptors under study. Results: The challenges facing nursing in the 21st century are demanding due to historical, political, demographic, cultural, economic and technological events. And it is the transformative vision of critical thinking that manages the strengthening of the development of skills and abilities of nurses for the provision of health services and medical care. Conclusions: Critical thinking is a valuable tool for the training of nursing professionals, since it models the change of thought and theoretical practical actions, for the acquisition of new knowledge and quality management in health services and medical care. Despite the advances in health science, critical thinking shows low levels in terms of the education and training of these professionals

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d’Angelo, P., et P. Reinartz. « DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS FROM STEREO, VIDEO AND MULTI-VIEW IMAGERY CAPTURED BY SMALL SATELLITES ». International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2021 (28 juin 2021) : 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2021-77-2021.

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Abstract. Small satellites play an increasing role in earth observation. This article evaluates different possibilities of utilizing data from Planet’s SkySat and PlanetScope satellites constellations for derivation of digital elevation models. While SkySat provides high resolution image data with a ground sampling distance of up to 50 cm, the PlanetScope constellation consisting of Dove 3U cubesats provide images with a resolution of around 4 m. The PlanetScope acquisition strategy was not designed for stereo acquisitions, but for daily acquisition of nadir viewing imagery. Multiple different products can be acquired by the SkySat satellites: Collects covering an area of usually 12 by 6 km, tri-stereo collects and video products with a framerate of 30 Hz. This study evaluates DSM generation using a Semi-Global Matching from multi date stereo pairs for SkySat and PlanetScope, and the dedicated Video and tri-stereo SkySat acquisitions. DSMs obtained by merging many PlanetScope across track stereo pairs show an normalized median deviation against LiDaR first pulse data of 5.2 meter over diverse landcover at the test sites around the city of Terrassa in Catalonia, Spain. SkySat tri-stereo products with 80 cm resolution reach an NMAD of 1.3 m over Terrassa.

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Mietchen, Matthew S., Christopher T. Short, Matthew Samore et Eric T. Lofgren. « Examining the impact of ICU population interaction structure on modeled colonization dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus ». PLOS Computational Biology 18, n^o 7 (25 juillet 2022) : e1010352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010352.

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Background Complex transmission models of healthcare-associated infections provide insight for hospital epidemiology and infection control efforts, but they are difficult to implement and come at high computational costs. Structuring more simplified models to incorporate the heterogeneity of the intensive care unit (ICU) patient-provider interactions, we explore how methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) dynamics and acquisitions may be better represented and approximated. Methods Using a stochastic compartmental model of an 18-bed ICU, we compared the rates of MRSA acquisition across three ICU population interaction structures: a model with nurses and physicians as a single staff type (SST), a model with separate staff types for nurses and physicians (Nurse-MD model), and a Metapopulation model where each nurse was assigned a group of patients. The proportion of time spent with the assigned patient group (γ) within the Metapopulation model was also varied. Results The SST, Nurse-MD, and Metapopulation models had a mean of 40.6, 32.2 and 19.6 annual MRSA acquisitions respectively. All models were sensitive to the same parameters in the same direction, although the Metapopulation model was less sensitive. The number of acquisitions varied non-linearly by values of γ, with values below 0.40 resembling the Nurse-MD model, while values above that converged toward the Metapopulation structure. Discussion Inclusion of complex population interactions within a modeled hospital ICU has considerable impact on model results, with the SST model having more than double the acquisition rate of the more structured metapopulation model. While the direction of parameter sensitivity remained the same, the magnitude of these differences varied, producing different colonization rates across relatively similar populations. The non-linearity of the model’s response to differing values of a parameter gamma (γ) suggests simple model approximations are appropriate in only a narrow space of relatively dispersed nursing assignments. Conclusion Simplifying assumptions around how a hospital population is modeled, especially assuming random mixing, may overestimate infection rates and the impact of interventions. In many, if not most, cases more complex models that represent population mixing with higher granularity are justified.

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Hütt, C., N. Tilly, H. Schiedung et G. Bareth. « POTENTIAL OF MULTITEMPORAL TANDEM-X DERIVED CROP SURFACE MODELS FOR MAIZE GROWTH MONITORING ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B7 (22 juin 2016) : 803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b7-803-2016.

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In this study, first results of retrieving plant heights of maize fields from multitemporal TanDEM-X images are shown. Three TanDEM-X dual polarization spotlight acquisitions were taken over a rural area in Germany in the growing season 2014. By interferometric processing, digital terrain models (DTM) were derived for each date with 5m resolution. From the data of the first acquisition (June 1st) taken before planting, a DTM of the bare ground is generated. The data of the following acquisition dates (July 15th, July 26th) are used to establish crop surface models (CSM). A CSM represents the crop surface of a whole field in a high resolution. By subtracting the DTM of the ground from each CSM, the actual plant height is calculated. Within these data sets 30 maize fields in the area of interest could be detected and verified by external land use data. Besides the spaceborne measurements, one of the maize fields was intensively investigated using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), which was carried out at the same dates as the predicted TanDEM-X acquisitions. Visual inspection of the derived plant heights, and accordance of the individually processed polarisations over the maize fields, demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. Unfortunately, the infield variability of the intensively monitored field could not be successfully captured in the TanDEM-X derived plant heights and merely the general trend is visible. Nevertheless, the study shows the potential of the TanDEM-X constellation for maize height monitoring on field level.

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Hütt, C., N. Tilly, H. Schiedung et G. Bareth. « POTENTIAL OF MULTITEMPORAL TANDEM-X DERIVED CROP SURFACE MODELS FOR MAIZE GROWTH MONITORING ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B7 (22 juin 2016) : 803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b7-803-2016.

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In this study, first results of retrieving plant heights of maize fields from multitemporal TanDEM-X images are shown. Three TanDEM-X dual polarization spotlight acquisitions were taken over a rural area in Germany in the growing season 2014. By interferometric processing, digital terrain models (DTM) were derived for each date with 5m resolution. From the data of the first acquisition (June 1st) taken before planting, a DTM of the bare ground is generated. The data of the following acquisition dates (July 15th, July 26th) are used to establish crop surface models (CSM). A CSM represents the crop surface of a whole field in a high resolution. By subtracting the DTM of the ground from each CSM, the actual plant height is calculated. Within these data sets 30 maize fields in the area of interest could be detected and verified by external land use data. Besides the spaceborne measurements, one of the maize fields was intensively investigated using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), which was carried out at the same dates as the predicted TanDEM-X acquisitions. Visual inspection of the derived plant heights, and accordance of the individually processed polarisations over the maize fields, demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. Unfortunately, the infield variability of the intensively monitored field could not be successfully captured in the TanDEM-X derived plant heights and merely the general trend is visible. Nevertheless, the study shows the potential of the TanDEM-X constellation for maize height monitoring on field level.

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Goodbody, Tristan, Nicholas Coops, Txomin Hermosilla, Piotr Tompalski et Gaetan Pelletier. « Vegetation Phenology Driving Error Variation in Digital Aerial Photogrammetrically Derived Terrain Models ». Remote Sensing 10, n^o 10 (27 septembre 2018) : 1554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10101554.

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Digital aerial photogrammetry (DAP) and unmanned aerial systems (UAS) have emerged as synergistic technologies capable of enhancing forest inventory information. A known limitation of DAP technology is its ability to derive terrain surfaces in areas with moderate to high vegetation coverage. In this study, we sought to investigate the influence of flight acquisition timing on the accuracy and coverage of digital terrain models (DTM) in a low cover forest area in New Brunswick, Canada. To do so, a multi-temporal UAS-acquired DAP data set was used. Acquired imagery was photogrammetrically processed to produce high quality DAP point clouds, from which DTMs were derived. Individual DTMs were evaluated for error using an airborne laser scanning (ALS)-derived DTM as a reference. Unobstructed road areas were used to validate DAP DTM error. Generalized additive mixed models (GAMM) were generated to assess the significance of acquisition timing on mean vegetation cover, DTM error, and proportional DAP coverage. GAMM models for mean vegetation cover and DTM error were found to be significantly influenced by acquisition date. A best available terrain pixel (BATP) compositing exercise was conducted to generate a best possible UAS DAP-derived DTM and outline the importance of flight acquisition timing. The BATP DTM yielded a mean error of −0.01 m. This study helps to show that the timing of DAP acquisitions can influence the accuracy and coverage of DTMs in low cover vegetation areas. These findings provide insight to improve future data set quality and provide a means for managers to cost-effectively derive high accuracy terrain models post-management activity.

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Škultéty, Filip, et Michal Janovec. « KONSPEKT AKVIZÍCIE GEOPRIESTOROVÝCH DÁT PRE VYTVORENIE 3D MODELU REFERENČNÉHO LETISKA ». Zvyšovanie bezpečnosti a kvality v civilnom letectve - 1/2020, n^o 1 (2020) : 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/zbk.z.2020.1.18.

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Goetz, Ernest T., James L. Parsons et Janice J. Wilson. « Causal models of literacy acquisition ». Reading Research and Instruction 31, n^o 4 (juin 1992) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19388079209558092.

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Morikawa, Hiromi. « Computer models of language acquisition ». Computers in Human Behavior 4, n^o 2 (janvier 1988) : 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0747-5632(88)90022-2.

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Leve, Robert M. « Informational acquisition and cognitive models ». Complexity 9, n^o 1 (septembre 2003) : 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cplx.10108.

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Yang, Charles. « Computational models of syntactic acquisition ». Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews : Cognitive Science 3, n^o 2 (5 décembre 2011) : 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1154.

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FLORES, NELSON, et JONATHAN ROSA. « Bringing Race Into Second Language Acquisition ». Modern Language Journal 103 (janvier 2019) : 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/modl.12523.

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Claudio, Alimonti, Baiocchi Valerio et Spadaro Carlo. « Integration of UAV data with soil water balance models for evaluation/monitoring of maize water stress ». AUGUST 2020, n^o 14(08):2020 (20 août 2020) : 1242–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.08.p2287.

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UAV based photogrammetry and 3D mapping are gaining fast and wide applications around the world majorly due to the relatively low-cost advantage it offers in the acquisition of high resolution multispectral acquisitions, compared to Aerophotogrammetry and satellite acquisitions. This research seeks to demonstrate the applicability of UAV photogrammetry visible, multispectral and thermal in investigating some physiological indexes of plants, reflecting plant physiological traits. A maize field in Latina (Italy) was acquired using a Fly Novex drone and with different cameras for the various acquisitions and consequently for different flight heights. The obtained images were processed using different photogrammetric models and a variable number of Ground Control Points (GCPs) for the georeferencing and accuracy assessment as well. Subsequently, by combining hydrological simulation methods and the use of physical indicators of the state of water stress, a method is proposed for predicting crop water consumption. The study conducted on the agricultural land of test site has provided useful results in terms of water savings, with an estimated value of three quarters of the total cubic meters of water needed to bring the land to saturation.

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J, Karthikeyan, et John Vijayakumar I.S. « Transition to A New Instructional Model : Using Listening Activities to Augment Language Acquisition ». Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 11, n^o 0009-SPECIAL ISSUE (25 septembre 2019) : 828–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v11/20192639.

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Qaimari, Nader, et Bethany Dotson. « Emerging business models : Usage-driven acquisition ». Information Services & ; Use 34, n^o 1-2 (19 septembre 2014) : 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/isu-140728.

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Chang, Tyler A., et Benjamin K. Bergen. « Word Acquisition in Neural Language Models ». Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 10 (2022) : 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00444.

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Abstract We investigate how neural language models acquire individual words during training, extracting learning curves and ages of acquisition for over 600 words on the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (Fenson et al., 2007). Drawing on studies of word acquisition in children, we evaluate multiple predictors for words’ ages of acquisition in LSTMs, BERT, and GPT-2. We find that the effects of concreteness, word length, and lexical class are pointedly different in children and language models, reinforcing the importance of interaction and sensorimotor experience in child language acquisition. Language models rely far more on word frequency than children, but, like children, they exhibit slower learning of words in longer utterances. Interestingly, models follow consistent patterns during training for both unidirectional and bidirectional models, and for both LSTM and Transformer architectures. Models predict based on unigram token frequencies early in training, before transitioning loosely to bigram probabilities, eventually converging on more nuanced predictions. These results shed light on the role of distributional learning mechanisms in children, while also providing insights for more human-like language acquisition in language models.

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Brown, P., F. Jelinek, J. Lafferty, R. Mercer et S. Roukos. « Acquisition of language models from text ». Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 92, n^o 4 (octobre 1992) : 2367–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.404864.

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Coutinho, Daniel, Ricardo Marroquim, Matteo Dellepiane et Roberto Scopigno. « Assisted color acquisition for 3D models ». Computers & ; Graphics 68 (novembre 2017) : 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cag.2017.08.011.

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Hartmann, Sven, Sebastian Link et Thu Trinh. « Constraint acquisition for Entity-Relationship models ». Data & ; Knowledge Engineering 68, n^o 10 (octobre 2009) : 1128–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.datak.2009.06.001.

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Eriksson, Henrik. « Models for knowledge-acquisition tool design ». Knowledge Acquisition 6, n^o 1 (mars 1994) : 47–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/knac.1994.1003.

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Al-Fattah, Saud M. « National oil companies : business models, challenges, and emerging trends ». Corporate Ownership and Control 11, n^o 1 (2013) : 713–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i1c8art2.

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This paper provides an assessment and a review of the national oil companies’ (NOCs) business models, challenges and opportunities, their strategies and emerging trends. The role of the national oil company (NOC) continues to evolve as the global energy landscape changes to reflect variations in demand, discovery of new ultra-deep water oil deposits, and national and geopolitical developments. NOCs, traditionally viewed as the custodians of their country’s natural resources, have generally owned and managed the complete national oil and gas supply chain from upstream to downstream activities. In recent years, NOCs have emerged not only as joint venture partners globally with the major oil companies, but increasingly as competitors to the International Oil Companies (IOCs). Many NOCs are now more active in mergers and acquisitions (M&A), thereby increasing the number of NOCs seeking international upstream and downstream acquisition and asset targets

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LOEWEN, SHAWN, et BRONSON HUI. « Small Samples in Instructed Second Language Acquisition Research ». Modern Language Journal 105, n^o 1 (mars 2021) : 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/modl.12700.

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Veale, Tony, et Guofu Li. « Creative Introspection and Knowledge Acquisition ». Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 25, n^o 1 (4 août 2011) : 1243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v25i1.8073.

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Introspection is a question-led process in which one builds on what one already knows to explore what is possible and plausible. In creative introspection, whether in art or in science, framing the right question is as important as finding the right answer. Presupposition-laden questions are themselves a source of knowledge, and in this paper we show how widely-held beliefs about the world can be dynamically acquired by harvesting such questions from the Web. We show how metaphorical reasoning can be modeled as an introspective process, one that builds on questions harvested from the Web to pose further speculative questions and queries. Metaphor is much more than a knowledge-hungry rhetorical device: it is a conceptual lever that allows a system to extend its model of the world.

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Baldi, Dario, Luca Basso, Gisella Nele, Giovanni Federico, Giuseppe Walter Antonucci, Marco Salvatore et Carlo Cavaliere. « Rhinoplasty Pre-Surgery Models by Using Low-Dose Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and 3D Printing ». Dose-Response 19, n^o 4 (octobre 2021) : 155932582110609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15593258211060950.

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Rhinoplasty and surgical reconstruction of cartilaginous structures still remain a great challenge today. This study aims to identify an imaging strategy in order to merge the information from CT scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisitions and build a 3D printed model true to the patient’s anatomy, for better surgical planning. Using MRI, information can be obtained about the cartilage structures of which the nose is composed. Ten rhinoplasty candidate patients underwent both a low-dose protocol CT scan and a specific MRI for characterization of nasal structures. Bone and soft tissue segmentations were performed in CT, while cartilage segmentations were extrapolated from MRI and validated by both an expert radiologist and surgeon. Subsequently, a 3D model was produced in materials and colors reproducing the density of the three main structures (bone, soft tissue, and cartilage), useful for pre-surgical evaluation. This study has highlighted that the optimization of a CT and MR dedicated protocol has allowed to reduce the CT radiation dose up to 60% compared to standard acquisitions with the same machine, and MR acquisition time of about 20%. Patient-tailored 3D models and pre-surgical planning have reduced the mean operative time by 20 minutes.

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Soubaras, Robert, et Yves Lafet. « Variable-depth streamer acquisition : Broadband data for imaging and inversion ». GEOPHYSICS 78, n^o 2 (1 mars 2013) : WA27—WA39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2012-0297.1.

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Conventional marine acquisition uses a streamer towed at a constant depth. The resulting receiver ghost notch gives the maximum recoverable frequency. To push this limit, the streamer must be towed at a quite shallow depth, but this compromises the low frequencies. Variable-depth streamer (VDS) acquisition is an acquisition technique aimed at achieving the best possible signal-to-noise ratio at low frequencies by towing the streamer very deeply, but by using a depth profile varying with offset in order not to limit the high-frequency bandwidth by notches as in conventional constant-depth streamer acquisition. The idea is to use notch diversity, each receiver having a different notch, so that the final result, combining different receivers, will have no notches. The key step to process VDS acquisitions is the receiver deghosting. We found that the optimal receiver deghosting, instead of being a preprocessing step, should be done postimaging, by using a dual-input, migration and mirror migration, and a new joint deconvolution algorithm that produces a 3D real amplitude deghosted output. This method can be applied poststack, the inputs being the migration and mirror migration images and the output being the deghosted image. Using a multichannel joint deconvolution, the inputs are the migrated and mirror migrated image gathers and the outputs are the prestack deghosted image gathers. This method preserves the amplitude-versus-offset behavior, as the deghosted output can be seen on synthetic examples to be equal to a reference computed by migrating the data modeled without any reflecting water surface. A real data set was used to illustrate this method, and another one was used to check the possibility of performing prestack elastic inversion on the deghosted gathers.

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Lofgren, Eric. « Assessing the Potential Impact of a Long-Acting Skin Disinfectant in the Prevention of MRSA ». Infection Control & ; Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (octobre 2020) : s131—s132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.642.

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Background: Healthcare-associated transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a persistent problem despite advances in prevention. The use of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) as a means of decolonizing patients, either through targeted decolonization or daily bathing, is a frequently used measure to supplement other MRSA reduction interventions. However, there is room for new and innovative decolonizing agents. We explored the potential utility of a long-acting CHG-like disinfectant with a persistent protective effect as well as an immediate decolonizing action in the prevention of MRSA acquisition as well as the subsequent development of clinical illness and MRSA-related mortality. Methods: We modeled MRSA transmission throughout an 18-bed intensive care unit, based on previously published models. A baseline model with no daily decolonizing protocol was used as a baseline and was compared to a scenario assuming that patients were bathed with CHG, which decolonizes them but provides no ongoing protection, as well as a scenario involving a hypothetical treatment that both decolonizes and provides ongoing protection from subsequent colonization. We varied the duration and efficacy of this protection to fully explore the potential utility of such a treatment. Results: The results of the simulations are shown in Fig. 1, where duration and efficacy of protection varied. The number of MRSA acquisitions from each combination is depicted as a single point, with blue points indicating correspondingly fewer MRSA acquisitions. Overall, improved efficacy of the hypothetical disinfectant resulted in immediate improvements in MRSA acquisition rates when compared to the baseline. To see major improvements in the MRSA acquisition rate due to the duration of infection, that duration must be well above 10 hours in many scenarios. There is also little evidence of synergy between the two. Conclusions: Based on recent results suggesting CHG has a relatively modest per-use efficacy (<.20), there is room for improvement in the formulation and administration of decolonizing agents. Although there has been considerable excitement about the possibility of long-acting agents that not only decolonize but provide long-acting protection against colonization, these results suggest that such protection would only result in markedly decreased acquisition rates only if that duration of protection was extremely long, or if the agent itself was also considerably more efficacious than CHG. These results may be used to help consider the necessary study size for clinical studies of these agents in the future, or to set research priorities and properly calibrate expectations.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

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YANG, SIMON X. « VISUAL INFORMATION ACQUISITION IN VERTEBRATE RETINA ». International Journal of Information Acquisition 01, n^o 01 (mars 2004) : 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219878904000033.

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In this paper, visual information acquisition in vertebrate retina is investigated using a novel neural network model. The neural network is based on the neural anatomy and function of retinal neurons in tiger salamander and mudpuppy. All the main types of retinal neurons are modeled, and their response characteristics are studied. The objective is to model the information acquisition in vertebrate retina with a simple yet effective neural network architecture. The model predictions on the main characteristics of retinal neurons are in agreement with the neurophysiological data. This study not only offers insight into the biological strategy and mechanism on the early visual information acquisition in vertebrate retina, but also has potential industrial applications such as VLSI chip design for efficient visual and movement sensors.

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Sakurai, Yoshitaka, Nakaji Honda et Junji Nishino. « Acquisition of Knowledge for Gymnastic Bar Action by Active Learning Method ». Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 7, n^o 1 (20 février 2003) : 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2003.p0010.

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In this paper, we aim at engineering realization of human active learning function by top-down approach noticing the macro functions of the brain. Concretely, we propose the Active Learning Method, the method to acquire the control knowledge actively by the method of trial and error. In this method, the input-output information is collected for the control object by the method of trial and error, and the controller is constructed based on the information. The active learning is the learning form in which the information is acquired from the behavior which the learner himself takes. In the Active Learning Method, the output is decided actively and the action result is evaluated, and the data with high evaluation are modeled. This modeled pattern information becomes the behavior policy optimized based on the evaluation. For this modeling, the method called Ink Drop Spread method (IDS) is used. In this system, the object system is modeled functionally from the data by the fuzzy-like processing. It is not the linguistic approach like fuzzy inference but represents the knowledge by the pattern-like approach. By using the model of bar gymnast, the learning simulation is done for the behavior policy, and we examine the validity of this method.

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Li, Yifan, Xiaohui Yu et Nick Koudas. « Data acquisition for improving machine learning models ». Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 14, n^o 10 (juin 2021) : 1832–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3467861.3467872.

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The vast advances in Machine Learning (ML) over the last ten years have been powered by the availability of suitably prepared data for training purposes. The future of ML-enabled enterprise hinges on data. As such, there is already a vibrant market offering data annotation services to tailor sophisticated ML models. In this paper, inspired by the recent vision of online data markets and associated market designs, we present research on the practical problem of obtaining data in order to improve the accuracy of ML models. We consider an environment in which consumers query for data to enhance the accuracy of their models and data providers who possess data make them available for training purposes. We first formalize this interaction process laying out the suitable framework and associated parameters for data exchange. We then propose two data acquisition strategies that consider a trade-off between exploration during which we obtain data to learn about the distribution of a provider's data and exploitation during which we optimize our data inquiries utilizing the gained knowledge. In the first strategy, Estimation and Allocation (EA), we utilize queries to estimate the utilities of various predicates while learning about the distribution of the provider's data; then we proceed to the allocation stage in which we utilize those learned utility estimates to inform our data acquisition decisions. The second algorithmic proposal, named Sequential Predicate Selection (SPS), utilizes a sampling strategy to explore the distribution of the provider's data, adaptively investing more resources to parts of the data space that are statistically more promising to improve overall model accuracy. We present a detailed experimental evaluation of our proposals utilizing a variety of ML models and associated real data sets exploring all applicable parameters of interest. Our results demonstrate the relative benefits of the proposed algorithms. Depending on the models trained and the associated learning tasks we identify trade-offs and highlight the relative benefits of each algorithm to further optimize model accuracy.

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Jochen Lang, Dinesh K. Pai et Robert J. Woodham. « Acquisition of Elastic Models for Interactive Simulation ». International Journal of Robotics Research 21, n^o 8 (août 2002) : 713–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/027836402761412458.

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Suzuki, Motoyuki, Shozo Makino et Hirotomo Aso. « Acquisition of language models based on HMnet ». Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 100, n^o 4 (octobre 1996) : 2757–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.416330.

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Melamed, Raviv. « Experimental comparison of three target acquisition models ». Optical Engineering 37, n^o 7 (1 juillet 1998) : 1902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.602029.

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Goel, Ashok K., et Kurt P. Eiselt. « Mental models, text interpretation, and knowledge acquisition ». ACM SIGART Bulletin 2, n^o 4 (juillet 1991) : 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/122344.122358.

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HAHN, ULRIKE. « Language acquisition also needs non-connectionist models ». Journal of Child Language 26, n^o 1 (février 1999) : 217–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000998283747.

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Rethinking innateness is a timely volume which forcefully demonstrates the importance of modelling in understanding development, ‘innateness’, and the nature of change. It provides an inspiring vision of what developmental psychology could one day be like, linking behaviour and biology via connectionist models. However, Rispoli's worry about the book's potential for detrimental polarization does not seem unfounded. One aspect of the book that deserves comment in this respect is the focus on connectionism to the exclusion of other types of model. It is unclear from Rethinking innateness itself whether this exclusion of other approaches merely stems from the legitimate desire to write a focused book, or whether it possibly reflects an actively held view that connectionism is the one true approach to modelling development. Regardless of the authors' intentions, the role of connectionism in relation to other computational approaches is an issue which is particularly pertinent to the study of language acquisition.To clarify straightaway, I not only concur with Elman et al. on the central role of modelling, but also strongly believe that the task of the cognitive scientist is not complete until one has an account of how a particular process is realised in a neural architecture. These two commitments give connectionist models a central role. But they do not make connectionism the exclusive modelling tool for the study of language acquisition, nor necessarily the best path to currently pursue. The reasons for this are twofold.The first is a matter of research strategy. It is possible that more rapid progress and greater success might be made if one starts with high-level models which give less immediate regard to matters of implementation.

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dittmar, Norbert. « SLA Models and Issues : Acquisition of Semantics ». Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 9 (mars 1988) : 54–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500000805.

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Semantic aspects of learner varieties have only recently gained the interest of second language acquistion [SLA] researchers. This is partly a consequence of some shifts in SLA theory and partly due to the discussion of “form” and “function” and the notions “pragmatics” and “semantics” in linguistic theory. There are two corollaries in recent SLA research: interlanguages should be described on the basis of their use in real communication situations, and the process of learning (strategies and stages in course of acquisition) should be the focus of empirical work. (For a discussion of process and product cf., Dittmar 1984.) As a matter of fact, the present standard paradigm in SLA is the description of learner varieties “outside the classroom” with a focus on “learning without explicit teaching” (also known by the somewhat misleading term undirected learning ) under natural conditions of communication with an emphasis on cross-sectional studies in the seventies (cf., Klein and Dittmar 1979) and on longi- tudinal research in the eighties (cf., Perdue 1982).

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Greer, Willis R., et Shu S. Liao. « Weapon pricing models for defense acquisition policy ». Journal of Accounting and Public Policy 6, n^o 4 (décembre 1987) : 271–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0278-4254(87)80003-0.

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Chater, Nick, et Christopher D. Manning. « Probabilistic models of language processing and acquisition ». Trends in Cognitive Sciences 10, n^o 7 (juillet 2006) : 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.05.006.

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Krahnstoever, N., M. Yeasin et R. Sharma. « Automatic acquisition and initialization of articulated models ». Machine Vision and Applications 14, n^o 4 (1 septembre 2003) : 218–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00138-002-0081-2.

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Musen, Mark A. « Conceptual models of interactive knowledge acquisition tools ». Knowledge Acquisition 1, n^o 1 (mars 1989) : 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1042-8143(89)80006-8.

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Narain, D., P. Mamassian, E. Brenner, J. B. J. Smeets et R. J. van Beers. « The acquisition of hidden models in humans ». Journal of Vision 13, n^o 9 (25 juillet 2013) : 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/13.9.245.

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Hoppe, Eva I. « Observability of information acquisition in agency models ». Economics Letters 119, n^o 1 (avril 2013) : 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2013.01.015.

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Monge, Frédéric, Dzhoshkun I. Shakir, Florence Lejeune, Xavier Morandi, Nassir Navab et Pierre Jannin. « Acquisition models in intraoperative positron surface imaging ». International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery 12, n^o 4 (6 octobre 2016) : 691–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11548-016-1487-z.

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Huebner, Thom. « SLA : Models and Issues ». Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 9 (mars 1988) : 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500000775.

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Unlike first language acquisition, second language acquisition [SLA] is a phenomenon neither universally experienced nor uniformly successful. Yet an assumption underlying all of SLA research is that the phenomenon, whether aided by formal instruction or not, is guided by certain principles. The discovery of these principles is the over-riding goal of SLA research.

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ZHANG, XIAOPENG, et XIAOLI DONG. « Revisiting Zipfian Frequency : L2 Acquisition of English Prenominal Past Participles ». Modern Language Journal 100, n^o 2 (3 mai 2016) : 404–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/modl.12328.

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