Articles de revues : « Accordo TRIPs »

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Spoto, Giuseppe. « Luci e ombre del sistema multilaterale degli accordi internazionali sul commercio dei prodotti agricoli ». Przegląd Prawa Rolnego, n^o 2(29) (30 décembre 2021) : 423–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ppr.2021.29.2.22.

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Anche se le regolazioni sul commercio dei prodotti agricoli si sono evoluti dagli obiettivi di piena liberalizzazione perseguiti per il commercio dei prodotti industriali, le regole del GATT sono state applicate fin dall’inizio. L’autore dell’articolo ricostruisce il quadro normativo delle fonti internazionali, con particolare attenzione all’Accordo SPS (sulle misure sanitarie e fitosanitarie), all’Accordo TBT (sulle barriere tecniche al commercio), e all’Accordo TRIPs (Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights; Accordo sugli aspetti commerciali dei diritti di proprietà intellettuale). La seconda parte dello studio approfondisce il tema del commercio e dell’informazione a garanzia del diritto internazionale umanitario, partendo da un esame del caso del vino israeliano e dalla motivazione della sentenza della Corte di giustizia dell’Unione europea (C-368/18). Da quando l’OMC è stata istituita sono avvenuti molti cambiamenti, ma soprattutto c’è stata un’inversione di rotta da parte dei Paesi industrializzati che hanno scelto di stimolare accordi commerciali bilaterali rispetto al sistema multilaterale, minando così l’importanza delle regole dell’OMC. La novità più significativa di questa evoluzione è che tali accordi bilaterali non sono più da considerare come ulteriori sviluppi nella costruzione del sistema multilaterale, ma sono spesso diventati dei veri e propri ostacoli alla ricostruzione. Per l’autore, sono proprio le regole del commercio internazionale stabilite con l’OMC a offrire le migliori garanzie di fronte alla crescita degli scambi e alla conquista sempre più crescente di quote significative del mercato mondiale da parte dei Paesi più aggressivi. Le crisi economiche degli ultimi anni e, soprattutto, i recenti sconvolgimenti dei mercati internazionali a seguito della pandemia hanno mostrato la necessità di rinnovare l’agenda globale, legando indissolubilmente la circolazione delle merci (soprattutto agricole) ad ulteriori obiettivi che non possono prescindere dal cambiamento climatico, dalla lotta all’inquinamento e dalla soluzione dei problemi ambientali che sono diventati temi da considerare come tasselli di un unico grande mosaico. Questi obiettivi richiederebbero un rilancio del multilateralismo e confermerebbero l’importanza di trovare un anello comune all’interno dell’OMC.

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Tijou, Brigitte. « Accords TRIPS : l'autre mondialisation ». Vacarme 9, n^o 3 (1999) : 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/vaca.009.0035.

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Brudon, Pascale. « Accès aux médicaments et accord TRIPS ». Annuaire suisse de politique de développement, n^o 17 (1 avril 1998) : 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/aspd.762.

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Roelofs, L. « Is Panpsychism at Odds with Science ? » Journal of Consciousness Studies 28, n^o 9 (1 janvier 2021) : 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53765/20512201.28.9.116.

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Galileo's Error is a superlative work of public philosophy, particularly as a way of introducing modern academic panpsychism to a broader audience. In this commentary, I reflect on an issue that is prominent, though often with different background concerns, in both academic and popular discourse: what it means to be 'scientific' or 'unscientific'. Panpsychism is not itself a scientific hypothesis, but neither is it (as critics sometimes claim) in conflict with science. Indeed, Goff argues, and I agree, that panpsychism is an eminently scientific worldview, in the sense of a way of viewing reality that accords with and embraces what science reveals. But what exactly it means to 'accord with and embrace' science is disputed; this paper tries to untangle some of the threads.

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Mahmood, Zafar. « WTO and Pakistan : Opportunities and Policy Challenges ». Pakistan Development Review 37, n^o 4II (1 décembre 1998) : 687–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v37i4iipp.687-701.

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From its inception the GATT had guided international trade most successfully until the early 1970s. However, afterwards the developed countries (DCs) increasingly recurred to new forms of trade restrictions not covered by the GATT rules. Ironically, these “grey measures” were mostly against the less developed countries (LDCs). These measures constrained international trade exactly at the time when the LDCs started penetrating developed markets. One of the main objectives of the Uruguay Round (UR) accord was to restrict the surge of protectionism. The accord was the most ambitious and detailed trade accord of all the GATT rounds. It established the World Trade Organisation (WTO). Before the UR accord the discrimination in textiles, clothing and agriculture was severe because tariffs and non-tariff barriers (NTBs) were employed in such a way that the overall effect of protection accumulated. The Round had agreed upon the harmonisation and reduction of tariffs, and elimination of NTBs (in stages) and thus it is expected that the effective protection will diminish in the DCs. The new accord has ensured multilateral rules for these sectors. All members expected that protection would be eventually lower with full implementation of the accord. In order to protect the interest of different groups the WTO has now lay down nondiscriminatory trading rules for services and trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPs), thus covering all major fields of international trade policy.

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Castellini, Alessandra, et Cinzia Pisano. « L'impatto degli accordi Euro-mediterranei sull'ortofrutta italiana : alcuni risultati ». ECONOMIA AGRO-ALIMENTARE, n^o 2 (octobre 2009) : 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ecag2009-002006.

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- Sector: some Results Since 1995, the Barcelona Process aims to establish a free trade area between Mediterranean countries by 2010. The most commercialized products from Mediterranean countries are fruit and vegetables. The agreement defines, only for some products, preferences at the entrance of the eu market, limited concession for each partner for single products, limited quantities and calendars. This work tries to analyse the impact of the liberalization on the Italian products applying a gravity model in order to asses the Italian import flows from eight Mediterranean countries which signed the Barcelona agreement. The econometric estimation includes fruit and vegetables at the aggregate level and some specified products that enter in competition with typical Italian Mediterranean production such as citrus, melons, potatoes and tomatoes. Since these Mediterranean countries appear as a highly heterogeneous block related to historical, cultural, political and geographical factors, the gravity equation controls these factors by an augmented gravity equation.JEL Code: Q17 - Agriculture in International TradeParole chiave: accordi euro-mediterranei, mercato italiano, ortofrutta, competitivitŕ, gravity model

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Ponomareva, Elena. « Traps and dilemmas of Peace accord or what future is in front of BiH ? » Politea 1, n^o 2 (2011) : 219–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/pol1102219p.

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Hingun, Mohsin, et Rahamatthunnisa Mohamed Nizamuddin. « AMENDING SECTION 84 PATENTS ACT 1983 TO ENCOMPASS THE HEALTH FLEXIBILITIES LEVERAGE ACCORDED BY ARTICLE 31bis TRIPS AGREEMENT ». UUM Journal of Legal Studies 11 (31 juillet 2020) : 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/uumjls.11.2.2020.8052.

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The significance of this study lies in its proposal to insert an appropriate provision into the Patents Act 1983 to embody the provisions of Article 31bis TRIPS Agreement. The methodology adopted in this study is library-based, and relies extensively on primary sources such as the Paris Convention, TRIPS Agreement and Patents Act 1983. This is further supported through secondary sources such as articles, books, websites and newspaper reports. The research question posed in this study aims to identify the most appropriate provision that should be incorporated into the Patents Act 1983 in addressing the public health flexibilities provided under Article 31bis. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that Article 31bis is best incorporated into the Patents Act 1983, under the right of the government mechanism rather than through the compulsory license mechanism. Furthermore, the scope of this study is limited to issues that address the abuse of monopoly, granted by the patent system, with respect to the dire needs of the public health. Hence, this paper discusses the mechanisms that address abuse of the patent system under Article 5(A) Paris Convention, Articles 31 and 31bis TRIPS Agreement, the relevant corresponding provisions under the Patents Act 1983, and subsequently formulates new proposed amendments to Section 84 Patents Act 1983 to buttress the public health flexibilities provided under Article 31bis. The outcome of this study proposes that the provisions of Article 31bis should be incorporated into the Patents Act 1983 under the right of the government mechanism, by replacing the current Section 84 Patents Act 1983 with a newly proposed Section 84.

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Beiter, Klaus D. « Reductionist Intellectual Property Protection and Expansionist (and “Prodevelopment”) Competition Rules as a Human Rights Imperative ? Enhancing Technology Transfer to the Global South ». Law and Development Review 14, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2021) : 215–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2020-0079.

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Abstract Increasingly, the economy of industrialised countries moves away from being based on a multiplicity of independent innovators to one characterised by cross-licensing and the pooling of intellectual property (IP) rights. Competition law is accorded a more limited role. Refusals to license or restrictive licence terms are tolerated. This paradigm emphasises the innovation at the expense of the dissemination rationale of IP and competition law. The pressure on developing countries is to follow suit. However, this approach jeopardises overcoming the technology dependence of these states. Yet, the political consensus underlying the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) was that, in exchange for IP rights protection, a transfer and dissemination of technology benefiting the global South would occur. This has not taken place so far. Taking this promise seriously requires according an enhanced, more social role to competition law. Articles 8(2), 31 and 40 of TRIPS – the TRIPS competition rules – could be interpreted in a way to accomplish this. This article argues in favour of a “prodevelopment” approach to IP-related competition law. This could be viewed as a demand of the rule of law at the international level. On the one hand, treaties such as TRIPS are to be interpreted in good faith. On the other, public interest and human rights considerations justify, as it were, require, such an approach. Articles 7 and 8 of TRIPS can play a crucial role in this regard. They reflect such public interest considerations as “object and purpose” of TRIPS. They also provide a link to international human rights law (IHRL). IHRL protects a (group) right to development, confirming “policy space” for World Trade Organization (WTO) members and the freedom to opt for a competition law model that facilitates dissemination. The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) further protects various economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its applications (REBSPA). These rights may be said to give rise to “transfer and dissemination of technology” as a human right. Duties under the right to development and “territorial” and “extraterritorial” human rights obligations (ETOs) under the ICESCR support an understanding of competition law which is pro development, which takes account of local access and welfare needs. The article concludes with a set of 10 consolidated considerations for a “prodevelopment” IP-related competition law.

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Boëne, Bernard. « Method and Substance in the Military Field ». European Journal of Sociology 49, n^o 3 (décembre 2008) : 367–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975609000149.

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AbstractThis article tries to assess the cognitive merits of various research programmes in the treatment of military issues. It contends that, on such topics more than on others, method influences conceptualization and theory construction. Having noted the infrequent showings of some programmes in the military field, it goes on to demonstrate, based on the literature produced over a century, that the blames laid at positivism's door are especially justified in it. The Weberian/Simmelian tradition has shown more promise. A brief synthetic formulation of its achievements suggests that it alone accords with Clausewitzian thought, and shows sufficient flexibility to account for recent changes which baffle other programmes, or to open avenues of collaboration with promising new approaches (notably, nonlinear dynamics).

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Turcan, Nicolae. « Memento mori as Repetition of Finitude : Death beyond Heidegger and Levinas ». Diakrisis Yearbook of Theology and Philosophy 4 (31 mai 2021) : 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/diakrisis.2021.2.

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Exemplified especially by Heidegger and Levinas, the phenomenology of death expresses first, the impossibility of the death experience, second, the authenticity of Dasein starting from the horizon opened by the possibility of death, and third, the relevance of the death of the other to the discovery of one’s own death. This article tries to take a step further, showing the link between the authenticity of Dasein and the desire for immortality manifested in this authenticity. By overturning Heidegger’s theses and by affirming both the necessity of an authentication of death itself—in accord with Socrates’s death example—and the legitimacy of the meditation on death, this text links the need for immortality, which is phenomenologically visible, with the Christian faith in the resurrection, which is visible only for theology.

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Bagchi, Barnita. « Transcultural Utopian Imagination and the Future : Tagore, Gandhi, Andrews, and India–Britain Entanglements in the Early 1930s ». Utopian Studies 33, n^o 2 (1 juillet 2022) : 206–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/utopianstudies.33.2.0206.

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ABSTRACT This article focuses on the transcultural utopian imaginings of futures in early twentieth-century India and Britain, with Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore, anticolonial politician M. K. Gandhi, and British Christian activist C. F. Andrews at the center. Homing in on two trips made to England by Tagore (1930) and Gandhi (1931), especially their visits to Woodbrooke Quaker College in Birmingham, and on Gandhi’s visit to Lancashire, the article shows how British Christian and Quaker utopians and Indian utopians cooperated with each other. The article excavates the utopian experiments of Corder Catchpool, also a Quaker, in Darwen, Lancashire, where Gandhi stayed. Religion should be accorded an important place in our understanding of utopia, the article argues. A human propensity to create a paradoxical sense of futurity that does not negate the past, one that Tagore highlights in The Religion of Man (1931), is found in all the utopians discussed.

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Hargrove, J. W., M. T. P. Holloway, G. A. Vale, A. J. E. Gough et D. R. Hall. « Catches of tsetse (Glossina spp.) (Diptera : Glossinidae) from traps and targets baited with large doses of natural and synthetic host odour ». Bulletin of Entomological Research 85, n^o 2 (juin 1995) : 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300034295.

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AbstractIn Zimbabwe, catches of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and G. pallidipes Austen, at an odour source produced by up to 60 tonnes of cattle, fell by 90% from April to October 1987. With the time effect removed, the catches were: positively correlated with daily maximum temperature; up to twice as high with a trap as with an electrified target; and unaffected by the presence of an incomplete ring of electrified netting (11.5 m diameter) around the catching site. Catches increased as a power of bait mass in accord with the theory of odour dispersal. The power was ca. 0.32–0.44 for G. pallidipes, ca. 0.15 for post-teneral G. m. morsitans, 0.67 for Stomoxyinae and 0.48 for non-biting muscids. Earlier results from dose-response studies accord with the new model. Tsetse catches were 1.7–4.5 times higher with 20 tonnes of cattle as bait than with a synthetic simulate of this dose, consisting of carbon dioxide, acetone, butanone, octenol and phenolic residues. Important olfactory components thus remain to be identified. Trap efficiency for G. m. morsitans rose from 10–20% to 40% with increasing bait mass between 0 and 5 tonnes; thereafter bait mass had no effect. Increased efficiencies were also seen in Stomoxyinae (5 to 60%;) and in post-teneral G. pallidipes (45 to 70–80%). Increases in catch for bait mass greater than five tonnes were due to increased attraction rather than increased efficiency. Targets were 60–66% efficient for G. pallidipes, regardless of dose; for G. m. morsitans the efficiency was ca. 54% when unbajted and 24–35% when 60 tonnes of cattle were used as bait. The probability that G. pallidipes landed on the cloth part of the target, rather than colliding with the flanking nets, increased as the square of the bait mass for both sexes—from 0.11 to 0.22 for males and from 0.06 to 0.15 for females. There was no effect of bait mass on landing probability for G. m. morsitans and no difference between the sexes; ca. 11% of the catch landed on the cloth portion of the target. Efficiency and landing behaviour were independent of climate and season.

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Tang, Yue, Hao Chen, Bo Wang, Muzi Chen, Min Chen et Xiaoguang Yang. « Discriminant Analysis of Zero Recovery for China's NPL ». Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences 2009 (3 juin 2009) : 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/594793.

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Classification of whether recovery of non-performing loans (NPL) is zero or positive is not only important in management of non-performing loans, but also is essential for estimating recovery rate and implementing the new Basel Capital Accord. Based on the largest database of NPL's recovering information in China, this paper tries to establish discriminant models to predict the loan with zero recovery. We first use Step-wise discrimination method to select variables; then give an in-depth analysis on why the selected variables are important factors influencing whether a loan is zero or positive recovery rate. Using the selected variables, we establish two-type discriminant models to classify the NPLs. Empirical results show that both models achieve high prediction accuracy, and the characteristics of obligors are the most important factors in determining whether a NPL is positively recovered or zero recovered.

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Muzari, M. O., et J. W. Hargrove. « The design of target barriers for tsetse flies, Glossina spp. (Diptera : Glossinidae) ». Bulletin of Entomological Research 86, n^o 5 (octobre 1996) : 579–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300039377.

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AbstractTwo small-scale experiments were carried out to test the effectiveness of narrow target barriers against re-invasion by Glossina pallidipes Austen and G. m. morsitans Westwood. The barriers consisted of either one or two lines of targets, with the targets placed at distances of c. 16 m apart within the lines. At this spacing the targets are so close together that a fly could scarcely fail to see at least one target as it crossed the barrier. Nonetheless, in both cases, flies penetrated the barriers with probability c. 10% as judged by catches in odour-baited traps on either side of the barrier. Narrow barriers, even at very high target density, are ineffective against tsetse invasion. This accords with previous theoretical predictions and mark-recapture studies, and suggests that wider barriers are needed for the prevention of re-invasion of cleared areas by tsetse.

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FAITH, DANIEL P., FRANK KÖHLER, LOUISE PUSLEDNIK et J. W. O. BALLARD. « Corroboration assessments and recent progress towards integrative systematics : a reply to Farris and Carpenter ». Zootaxa 3235, n^o 1 (15 mars 2012) : 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3235.1.6.

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As part of the Zootaxa special issue on molecules and morphology in systematics, Faith et al. (2011) discussed how corroboration assessment can support integrative systematics. They argued that integrative systematics should be open to a wide variety of potential supporting evidence for phylogenetic (or species) hypotheses, with the condition that (p. 52) “there would be a requirement that all such supporting evidence be exposed to a skeptical assessment that, in effect, tries to ‘explain the evidence away’”. Faith et al. (2011) argued that corroboration assessment provides this critical examination of evidence, capturing the idea that supposed supporting evidence for an hypothesis is only impressive to the extent that the evidence cannot easily be accounted for by other factors, including chance. This characterization accords with Popper’s (1983: 238) idea that evidence that truly corroborates an hypothesis ‘should be improbable on our background knowledge’ (for discussion, see Faith 1992; Faith & Cranston 1992; Faith 2004, 2006).

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Farsi, Roghayeh. « Genre Analysis of Ashbery’s “Sonnet” ». International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, n^o 1 (19 novembre 2016) : 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.1p.266.

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This study carries out genre analysis of John Ashbery’s poem, “Sonnet”. Swalesian genre analysis gives a systematic scrutiny into the moves a text makes to communicate its intentions to the members of a discourse unity. Investigating the applicability of genre analysis to a literary text and revealing its strong and weak points are the main targets of the paper. The paper casts light on the way Ashbery foregrounds the audience’s expectations molded by four competences: generic, stylistic, rhetoric-linguistic, and pragma-ideological. There is mention of the moves and steps the poet makes to communicate the text’s intention. The experiments “Sonnet” conducts on these competences render it a parody of sonnet and accord it coherence of foregrounding. The paper concludes “Sonnet” develops out of a paradox of communication as it tries to communicate to the audience that communication is, if not impossible, at least a difficult task.Keywords: Ashbery, genre analysis, foregrounding, sonnet, competence

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Alsharif, Mohammad, Annuar Md Nassir, Fakarudin Kamarudin et M. A. Zariyawati. « The productivity of GCC Islamic and conventional banks after Basel III announcement ». Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 10, n^o 5 (14 octobre 2019) : 770–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-04-2017-0050.

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Purpose This study aims to analyse Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Islamic and conventional banks’ productivity and to investigate the impact of Basel III on their productivity change. This study is conducted on 73 GCC banks (45 conventional and 28 Islamic) over the period of 2005-2015. Design/methodology/approach This study uses the data envelopment analysis-type Malmquist productivity change index and its component indexes to obtain a deep insight into the source of productivity change. Findings The results show that Islamic banks are less productive than their conventional counterparts. Also, the results indicate that Basel III accord has impeded the GCC banks’ productivity and this negative effect is larger on Islamic banks. However, there is scale efficiency progress in the past years that offsets the production frontier deterioration, which leads to stagnation in total productivity change for both banks. Originality/value This study differs from the previous GCC banks’ productivity studies in several ways. Firstly, it covers a recent period that includes major events such as the global crisis and focuses on the influence of Basel III accord on GCC banks’ productivity. Secondly, as opposed to the previous studies, this study will estimate the GCC banks’ productivity index and its components based on separate frontiers for Islamic and conventional banks that will ensure the homogeneity in the sample and the robustness of the results. Thirdly, this study uses a combination of parametric and non-parametric tests to confirm and check the robustness of the findings. Lastly, to the best of the knowledge of the authors, this is the first study that tries to analyse the GCC banking sector productivity around the new Basel III announcement.

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Bradshaw, SD, et G. Death. « Variation in Condition Indexes Due to Climatic and Seasonal Factors in an Australian Desert Lizard, Amphibolurus-Nuchalis ». Australian Journal of Zoology 39, n^o 4 (1991) : 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9910373.

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The precise nature of the allometric relationships between body size and body mass, water content and solid matter was derived from a sample of over 700 lizards of the agamid species Amphibolurus nuchalis (= Ctenophorus inermis), collected during 1969-82 at Shark Bay in Western Australia. Three condition indices relating each variable to body size, as expressed by snout-vent length, were derived from these allometric relationships for male, female and juvenile lizards. The formation of condition indices was compared to analysis of covariance as a method of analysis of such data. Variation in these indices with weather and season over the period of the study were investigated by means of regression models. Variation between days within trips was relatively small, suggesting a time scale for physiological change of greater than 3-4 days. Ascribing cause to specific weather and seasonal factors was difficult, due to the high colinearity of the explanatory variables. The influence of temperature and rainfall on the condition indices was evident in the model, however, and accords well with physiological data for this species. The extent to which the condition indices could be predicted by a combination of weather and seasonal variables was encouraging, and suggests that the method may have general utility in the study of changes in body composition and condition of free-ranging animals.

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Bhattacharyya Baruah, Polakshi, et Anupam Dutta. « Factors Affecting the Adaptability of Digitalized mode of Payment among the Small Traders : A Logit Model Analysis ». Review of Finance and Banking 12, n^o 2 (31 décembre 2020) : 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/rfb.20.12.02.01.

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Digitalization has gained momentum in recent years in all sphere of life aroundthe globe. It has become an important factor of deÖning modernization, and instrumentalin speeding up economic growth by ensuring more transparency. After demonetization andemphasis on cashless transaction, digitalized mode of payment is being prioritized. Accord-ingly, government of India launched several schemes focusing on imparting training on digitalliteracy, but research shows that a section of population is still not adopting this digitaliza-tion process. This study tries to Önd the factors responsible for excluding a section of thepeople, especially the people of rural and semi urban area from this digitalized system. Ac-cordingly, a survey was conducted with the bamboo craft man of Raipur cluster of BarpetaDistrict of Assam, India, who is involved in small enterprises involving bamboo crafting.Direct interaction was being done with the respondents regarding the various problems andinconvenience faced in adapting the new system. A logit regression model has been usedto highlight the impact of various socio-economics factors, level of awareness about the newsystem of digitalization on their adaptability to the digitalized mode of payment

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Lopes, José Dias. « How the financial crisis has changed the research agenda on banking regulation ». Journal of Governance and Regulation 7, n^o 3 (2018) : 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v7_i3_p5.

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The effects of the financial crisis, which began in 2007, were many and various. This paper examines those effects in the banking regulation and supervision research agendas. The crisis, as the most important economic and social event of the beginning of this century, has triggered debates in multiple spaces and across frameworks, in politics, the media, social networks, and elsewhere. As the crisis was focused in the financial sector, it is natural for the published academic investigation of the regulation of this sector to have suffered changes. With this paper, the author tries to understand the impact of the financial crisis started in 2007 in the research published about banking regulation. This study, using a 323-article sample, determined that there was a change in the volume of published investigations, evident after 2011. This indicates a time lag between the onset of the crisis and the growth of interest in its inherent themes. This study also testifies to a change in interest focuses, with new themes emerging, such as politics, Basel III, systemic risk, and regulatory capture. Further, the keywords with value at risk, Basel II, Basel Capital Accords, and market discipline lost some ground in literature.

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Daugirdaitė, Solveiga. « Autobiography and Soviet Lithuanian Women Writers ». Colloquia 32 (1 juin 2014) : 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.51554/col.2014.29239.

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This article focuses on autobiographies by women writers published in the last, two-volume version of a collection titled Tarybinių lietuvos rašytojų autobiografijos (Autobiographies of Soviet Lithuanian Writers), published in 1989 (previous versions appeared in 1957, 1967, and 1977). Solveiga Daugirdaitė explores what women writers felt it was appropriate to say about themselves to their society, and what can be gleaned from their statements about the nature of that society, the strengths and weaknesses it accorded its female members, the demands it made on them, the “spirit of the times”, and so on. Examining these autobiographies, she tries to reconstruct that social actor’s – the Soviet woman author’s – collective and individual identity, her courage and her fear of revealing herself, and the tension between her roles as public persona and “regular woman”. In Soviet Lithuania, although women writers’ professional work accorded them a place within that patriarchal, dominant society’s elite, they remained secondary players within it. Seeking to be recognized as equals, these women writers presented themselves as professionals, and for this reason their public accomplishments have pride of place in the autobiographies. The goal of this article is to decode what is nevertheless said about their private lives, as much as it is possible to separate that from the public. In reading women’s autobiographies from this period, it is therefore appropriate to draw both on the traditions for studying women’s autobiography, as well as studies of documents from the Soviet period.

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Lange, Dierk. « Sao Traditions of Makari South of Lake Chad ». Anthropos 116, n^o 1 (2021) : 111–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0257-9774-2021-1-111.

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The present study tries to solve the enigma of the legendary Sao on the basis of the traditions of the city-state of Makari south of Lake Chad. It analyses the town’s king list, its oral traditions and its ritual heritage in the light of the Assyrian hypothesis (put forward by the author in several publications). It suggests that Makari’s ancient traditions correspond to extensive transcontinental projections which underwent important transformations by processes of localization. By resetting the traditions in their original Mespotamian context, it shows that the Sao were the Neo-Assyrian conquerors of vast regions of the ancient Near East. After the destruction of Nineveh by the Babylonian insurgent Nabopolassar in 612 B.C. and the subsequent fall of the Assyrian Empire, some of the formerly resettled deportees fled to the region south of Lake Chad where they founded the city-state of Makari. Their desacralized traditions bear witness to the former prestige accorded to the Sao-Assyrians.

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Moisă, Claudia. « SOME ASPECTS REGARDING TOURISM AND YOUTH’S MOBILITY ». Tourism and hospitality management 14, n^o 1 (2007) : 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.14.1.13.

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To many countries of world, youth tourism represents the movement of the youth, that have a higher education, which represents an important income, source for that countries. Very important is the relationship between the tourism and various operational exchange programmes for students, as SOCRATES and ERASMUS for Europe or the European Community of West African States (ECOWAS) for intercultural exchanges between the students. Beginning from the Antiquity, wealthy young people had the privilege to discover the world and to aquisit new knowledge over practicing tourism abroad, the educational tourism being in the centre of the interest for the high society with high incomes. Since the end of the Second World War, a big number of politicians, more or less young, promoted the traveling idea as a factor of permanent education, and the governmental organizations with attributions in the field regarding the young people have promoted the young’s mobility, first, at national level, the first mobility actions for young people of “Knowledge…” type being addressed to large number of people. In a short time, the governments of different countries have established protocols and bilateral accords within which lots of programs permitted to the young people, teachers, professors and animators to have abroad trips. In the last period, the most utilized concept is that of mobility, of intercultural learning, of recapture, of study traveling, all these referring to the young travelers, in this case supporting being essential, at national or at European level, which is exemplified by the professional level mobility or at educational level.

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Klein, Hans. « Die historisch-kritische Methode der Bibelauslegung ». Review of Ecumenical Studies Sibiu 6, n^o 3 (1 décembre 2014) : 336–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ress-2014-0128.

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Abstract The historical-critical method of biblical exegesis has its roots in Humanism and in the Enlightenment. Humanism situated the Bible in the series of ancient texts, whilst the Enlightenment sought the rational elements in the message of the Bible. The method, developed over a long period of time, proceeds from the assumption that the Bible has a message, first and foremost, for the respective era. This is why it tries to distil the demands and consolations of the Bible on the basis of (historical) knowledge about the respective era, and to sound the depths of its message for the present on this basis. There are many steps the interpreter must go through to create a space in his heart for the message of the Bible in accord with the specifics of his own era. The critical aspect of the method rests primarily on placing the message within the time of its utterance, but also on relating it to the conditions and mentalities prevailing at the time of interpretation. The historical-critical method is an auxiliary science that does not exclude other types of Bible exegesis. The insights gained from applying it are communicated through sermons and as part of the teachings of the Church.

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Utama, Bhakti Putra, Shary Charlotte Pattipeilhy et Dr Reni Windiani. « Towards Perpetual Peace : The Dynamics of US and Vietnam Relations Since The Settlement of Agent Orange Case in 2000 ». Global : Jurnal Politik Internasional 21, n^o 2 (26 décembre 2019) : 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/global.v21i2.394.

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Agent Orange is a toxic chemical liquid used by the United States military during the Vietnam War in 1955-1975. The use of chemical weapons is classified as a form of crime due to violations of international agreements. This research tries to explain how Agent Orange has become a significant factor in the dynamics of relations between the US and Vietnam. The dynamics will be analyzed using the concept by Immanuel Kant. There are 6 articles that must be done to achieve lasting peace, but this article only discusses articles 1, 5, and 6 which are the basis for the establishment of perpetual peace. Article 1 Perpetual Peace requires a peace agreement that is made as detailed as possible, evidenced by the articles in the 1973 Paris Peace Accord which did not prevent war in the short term, but succeeded in forming a long-term peace scheme. Article 5 Perpetual Peace is also implemented without the intervention of US in Vietnam domestic politics, which until now holds communist ideology. Finally, the US corrective action through the cleaning of the Agent Orange is an embodiment of article 6 of Perpetual Peace. Changes in relations carried out through various collaborations have resulted in a process leading to lasting peace, at least for the US and Vietnam.

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Noura Ali Abdallah, Noura Ali Abdallah. « The implications of Qassem Soleimani assassination on US- Iranian relations : تداعيات اغتيال قاسم سليماني على العلاقات الأمريكية الإيرانية ». مجلة العلوم الإقتصادية و الإدارية و القانونية 6, n^o 4 (28 février 2022) : 141–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.r040821.

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This study deals with the repercussions of the assassination of Iranian military commander Qassem Soleimani on US- Iranian relations, and the US- Iranian escalation and tension in Iraq and the entire surrounding region. The study tries to determine the indicators of the US- Iranian escalation and the effect of the bombing incident near Baghdad Airport on January 4, 2020, at the interior of Iranian, and at the regional and international level. It seeks to estimate the potential for escalation between the United States of America and Iran; the latter surprised the group of 4 + 1 countries on the anniversary of Soleimani assassination in 2021 by increasing the rate of uranium enrichment to 20%. This step will be taken in consideration in any future negotiations between Iran and the United States of America and the European Union if US President Joe Biden decides to return to the nuclear accord. The results of the study concluded that the previous US approach in the Trump administration affected negatively on any future negotiation about the return of US to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. US President Joe Biden is trying to mitigate his predecessor’s escalation of US- Iranian relations; nonetheless, Israel seeks to obstruct any path that would end the tension between Washington and Tehran.

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Swanson, Joel Howard. « A Pathologically Abnormal Situation : Le Cercle Gaston Crémieux and the [Im]Possibility of an Anti-National Jewishness ». Religions 13, n^o 11 (26 octobre 2022) : 1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13111018.

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This paper examines the diasporist French Jewish political group, Le Cercle Gaston Crémieux, founded in 1967 “to promote a diasporic Jewish existence without subjugation to the synagogue or to Zionism”. In contrast to either an assimilationist model which demanded the acceptance of French national identity in the public sphere, or a Zionist model of Jewish nationalism, the Cercle offered a model in which the state of exile and diaspora becomes constitutive of Jewish identity, positioned as an alternate mode of being-in-the-world defined against white Christian European nationalism. Yet to expose the historically constructed, socially contingent nature of European nationalisms that claim the status of organic and natural, the Cercle had to imagine a particular narrative of the historical construction of Jewishness, and this social constructionism conflicted with the almost ontological, metaphysical status they wanted to accord to Jewish exile and otherness. Thus the Cercle failed to imagine an anti-national model of Jewishness, but this failure sheds light on larger fault lines in the possibility of a Jewish politics. The paper concludes that the Cercle’s imaginal diasporic Jewishness tries to enable the articulation of other forms of minority identity, suggesting that this failure may nonetheless prove politically productive.

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Zhang, Peng, Chao Li, Wentao Li et Xiumei Zhang. « Effect of an escape vent in accordion-shaped traps on the catch and size of Asian paddle crabs Charybdis japonica in an artificial reef area ». Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 34, n^o 6 (5 février 2016) : 1238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00343-016-5114-1.

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Chase, Claude. « NORM CONFLICT BETWEEN WTO COVERED AGREEMENTS—REAL, APPARENT OR AVOIDED ? » International and Comparative Law Quarterly 61, n^o 4 (octobre 2012) : 791–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589312000358.

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AbstractThis article explores the issue of norm conflict in the context of specific multilateral agreements that are administered and enforced by the World Trade Organization (WTO), namely, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (GATT), the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), and the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Any discussion of norm conflict between treaty provisions must necessarily draw a critical distinction between an apparent conflict, on the one hand, and a real conflict, on the other hand. An apparent conflict is one where the content of two or more norms is at first glance contradictory, yet the conflict can be avoided, most often by interpretative means. A real conflict represents an irreconcilable divergence between norms which cannot be interpreted away and can only be solved by the application of a conflict rule. The notion of intra WTO conflict is largely unexplored and consequently under-theorized. It is explored here not as an abstract notion, but rather against the backdrop of the institutional and normative environment of the WTO. It is submitted that intra WTO norm conflict is hardly likely to arise as a legal issue under WTO law. This is because the normative and institutional environment of the WTO militates against treating overlapping WTO provisions as situations of real norm conflict. This environment allows for, and potentially mandates a judicial approach to intra WTO conflict that accords with the telos of the single undertaking nature of WTO rights and obligations. In the result, intra WTO conflict will possibly never be real; will often be deemed as merely apparent; and will sometimes be avoided.

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Hołub, Grzegorz. « Human dignity, speciesism, and the value of life ». Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 14, n^o 4 (31 décembre 2016) : 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2016.14.4.04.

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This paper deals with a discussion concerning the value of life. Specifically, it addresses the idea of speciesism, a term coined by Peter Singer, whereby human life is endowed with special significance because of its membership in the species Homo sapiens. For Singer, it is an example of erroneous thinking. On such an account, the idea of human dignity seems to be highly problematic. In this article, the author directs a number of critical voices, both methodological and ontological, toward scepticism concerning a species belonging. He argues that natural species play quite important roles in the existing reality. The author further tries to prove that the realm of life should be associated with a so-called intrinsic value. In the light of that, any living entity possesses its axiological importance and should be considered and treated accordingly. Human dignity is a corollary of the special place accorded in such reasoning by the value of human life. The article concludes with a thesis that the stance arguing for human dignity is still unthreatened and ready for further development.

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Sharma, Rajendra. « Contract for Peace : Peace Agreements and its Security Implication ». Journal of APF Command and Staff College 3, n^o 1 (3 février 2020) : 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/japfcsc.v3i1.27527.

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Negotiated settlements have been increasingly accepted as the preferred way of ending civil wars. Studies show that only 50 percent of negotiated settlements last beyond five years, while in others, negotiated settlements have been shown to keep the peace for only three and half years. Contrary to this, the peace agreements/understandings were universally considered as the pivotal blue print for conflict transformation and peace buildings. In our case, the management of arms and armies, reintegration of few former rebels in the national army, promulgation of the constitution from the constituent assembly etc. are the crucial tasks of the peace process. In this context, this paper highlights the major peace agreements (2005-2010) reached between the then Communist Party of Nepal (CPN)-Maoist and the seven parliamentary party alliance’s government and simultaneously tries to analyze these agreements’ influence on security. The 12-point understanding of 2005 concluded in New Delhi is the guiding framework of the Nepalese peace process and has its geostrategic implication as well. Likewise, the Comprehensive Peace Accord (CPA) of 2006 is a milestone in bringing about an end to the decade of old civil war and beginning an inclusive, secular, peaceful and democratic nation-building process. Despite everything, delaying the transitional justice process and staling the social reconciliation can be the potential reason for a reprisal of conflict

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Rocher, Laura Sancho. « Athenaion Politeia 34, 3, about Oligarchs, Democrats and Moderates in the Late Fifth Century Bc ». Polis : The Journal for Ancient Greek Political Thought 24, n^o 2 (2007) : 298–327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/20512996-90000119.

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The prevailing historiographic reconstruction of the political struggle in Athens during the last years of the fifth century originates from the discovery of the text of the Aristotelian Athenaion Politeia [Ath.]. According to this reconstruction, three political options and three political programmes were in effect. These were, on the one hand, traditional democracy and opposing oligarchy; on the other, a new third way, that of ‘the moderates’, who under the leading of Theramenes represents a solution to the stasis. The political program of themoderates is supposed to include the following fundamental items: a return to an ancient constitution (patrios politeia), the reduction of the number of citizens and their political rights, the sovereignty of law, and the recuperation of accord (homonoia) between citizens. This paper tries to highlight the weakness of this interpretation by analysing the difficulties in grasping from the sources this whole program and their adscription to a leader and to a distinctive political group. The misinterpretation was already implicit in the author of the Athenian Constitution, perhaps a disciple of Aristotle. He wrote influenced by the Aristotelian political theory and thereby he interpreted all that he had read about Theramenes, the Five Thousand and the patrios politeia as if the Aristotelian ideals of the mesotes (as a virtue) and of mese politeia (as the best possible constitution) were actually proposed and temporally achieved in Athens by the efforts of Theramenes and his supporters.

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Bahri, Syaiful. « NON-MUSLIM LEADERSHIP POLEMIC IN INDONESIA ». Epistemé : Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman 13, n^o 2 (16 décembre 2018) : 433–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21274/epis.2018.13.2.433-453.

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This article tries to contextualise the formulation of Islamic laws with regards to contemporary dynamics of non-Muslim leadership in the government. It particularly addresses the religious deliberation (ijtihad) of the traditionalist Muslim organisation, the Nadhlatul Ulama/NU, and its youth organisation, the Gerakan Pemuda Ansor. The construction of Islamic laws in contemporary Indonesia tells an insightful viewpoint in Islamic-laws making and delivers multiplicity in Islamic interpretation. Despite the fact that these two organisations are of the same organisation, the NU, their formulation of Islamic laws with regards to non-Muslim leadership demonstrates a different and contrasting opinion. While the national board of the NU through its national congress in 1999 argues against non-Muslim leadership, the national religious deliberation board (bahtsul masail) of the Ansor in 2017 issues a legal opinion that approves non-Muslim leadership. As this article argues, the different opinions between these two institutions develops particularly because of different construct in defining Islam and democracy in the largest Muslim country Indonesia. They differ in reconciling istinbat (methods for formulating the laws) of two principles of Islamic laws (ushul al-fiqh); al-sabit (permanent) and al-mutahawwil (change). It further argues that the national board of the NU particularly sees the prohibition of non-Muslim leadership as al-sabit, an unchanged dictum, whereas the Ansor considers it al-mutahawwil as looking at the Indonesian state constitution that does not discriminate its citizens based on religion. Thus, making Islamic laws accords to the state constitution.

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Bahri, Syaiful. « NON-MUSLIM LEADERSHIP POLEMIC IN INDONESIA ». Epistemé : Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman 13, n^o 2 (16 décembre 2018) : 433–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21274/epis.2018.13.2.461-481.

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This article tries to contextualise the formulation of Islamic laws with regards to contemporary dynamics of non-Muslim leadership in the government. It particularly addresses the religious deliberation (ijtihad) of the traditionalist Muslim organisation, the Nadhlatul Ulama/NU, and its youth organisation, the Gerakan Pemuda Ansor. The construction of Islamic laws in contemporary Indonesia tells an insightful viewpoint in Islamic-laws making and delivers multiplicity in Islamic interpretation. Despite the fact that these two organisations are of the same organisation, the NU, their formulation of Islamic laws with regards to non-Muslim leadership demonstrates a different and contrasting opinion. While the national board of the NU through its national congress in 1999 argues against non-Muslim leadership, the national religious deliberation board (bahtsul masail) of the Ansor in 2017 issues a legal opinion that approves non-Muslim leadership. As this article argues, the different opinions between these two institutions develops particularly because of different construct in defining Islam and democracy in the largest Muslim country Indonesia. They differ in reconciling istinbat (methods for formulating the laws) of two principles of Islamic laws (ushul al-fiqh); al-sabit (permanent) and al-mutahawwil (change). It further argues that the national board of the NU particularly sees the prohibition of non-Muslim leadership as al-sabit, an unchanged dictum, whereas the Ansor considers it al-mutahawwil as looking at the Indonesian state constitution that does not discriminate its citizens based on religion. Thus, making Islamic laws accords to the state constitution.

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Korochkina, Victoria. « THE PALESTINIAN CASE AND ITS PLACE ON RUSSIA’S FOREIGN POLICY AGENDA ». Political Expertise : POLITEX 17, n^o 1 (2021) : 52–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2021.105.

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The events of the “Arab spring” and its consequences as well as the “Iranian threat”, which became a key security challenge for the Gulf States, not without the efforts of Benjamin Netanyahu and supported by the pro-Israel Trump administration (2016-2020), seemed to have removed the Palestinian case from the priority list of Middle East issues. The role of Russia, the traditional partner of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) since Soviet times, also looked more low- key after the collapse of the Soviet Empire, especially amid resolution of the military-political crisis in Syria. Russian diplomacy on the Palestinian track remained unnoticed compared to the activity in the region of Donald Trump’s envoys, who promoted a peace plan for settling the Palestinian-Israeli conflict known as the “deal of the century”. Having failed to achieve the main goal, the White House contributed to the signing of the “The Abraham Accords”, which was a breakthrough given that the Arab states declared the solution of the Palestinian issue as precondition for formal relations with the Jewish state. If Arab-Israeli normalization continues, Israel will have peace treaties with more than half of the Arab and Muslim states despite the deadlock in the peace process with the Palestinians. Based on the analysis of political processes amid the unresolved Palestinian problem, and above all, Russia’s attempts as a mediator to achieve a settlement of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, the author suggests that the Palestinian issue has not lost its political significance and relevance as much as the Israeli government under Netanyahu tries to sell it.

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Sargent, Neil. « The Possibilities and Perils of Legal Studies ». Canadian journal of law and society 6 (1991) : 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0829320100001897.

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AbstractThe paper explores the possibilities and perils of an interdisciplinary approach to legal studies emerging as an alternative intellectual paradigm to the doctrinal tradition within legal scholarship. The privileged status accorded to the doctrinal tradition within the legal academy is sustained by its continued importance in providing a link between law as a field of intellectual inquiry and law as a field of professional practice. Despite the promise of a more pluralistic intellectual climate within the legal academy, it seems unlikely that an interdisciplinary approach to legal studies will succeed in challenging the preeminence of legal doctrine as the primary source of professional-knowledge claims about law. At the same time, however, any attempt to claim legal studies as a separate field of intellectual inquiry outside the legal academy confronts many of the same doubts about the nature of law as a unitary object of knowledge as the doctrinal tradition from which it seeks to distance itself. The paradox of the legal studies project is that whenever it tries to free itself from the embrace of the doctrinal tradition, it confronts epistemological doubts about the conditions for its own existence. It appears, therefore, that the legal studies project is destined to continue its labours in the shadow of the law.

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Ong, C. P. « Wang Zongyue's Taijiquan Discourse : the Biomechanics of Dongjin ». Journal of Taiji Science 1 (30 juin 2022) : 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.57612/2022.jts.01.04.

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We present in this following paper a verse-by-verse translation of the Taijiquan Discourse, with annotations in the framework of biomechanics. In the text, dongjin 懂劲 the “comprehension of jin” crystallizes as a central concept. Dongjin can be viewed as how the body comprehends, and interacts functionally with force. While the body relates to force by its strength and functionality, the Taiji body, is considered to be instilled with dongjin, and perceives the force associated with jin (劲) as “soft” (rou) and “hard” (gang), which correspond to the vector quantities of the force, namely, direction and magnitude. In most cases the common response to an attacking force is to fight back, in a direct force- against-force interaction, which creates a “double- weighted” conditions (shuangzhong 双重) that tenses up, and traps the body from being able to maneuver. This renders the body vulnerable. Dongjin enables the body to respond to the incoming force by making postural adjustments to receive force at an angle, at the moment of impact, thus deflecting and mitigating it. In other words, the body uses the rou component (softness) to absorb and neutralize the incoming force. Also, dongjin accords liveliness and spontaneity in the response of rou and gang, which is a fundamental feature of martial skills. Dongjin is more comprehensive than perceiving force as a vector; it enables the body to use the dynamics of rou and gang functionally in its application, with great efficacy. Dongjin forms the biomechanical basis for Taijiquan's key strategy of responding with rou-softness in martial interactions (yi rou wei zhu 以柔为主).

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Whitmarsh, Tim. « Written on the Body : Ekphrasis, Perception and Deception in Heliodorus' Aethiopica ». Ramus 31, n^o 1-2 (2002) : 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0048671x00001399.

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Novels have so much solid and monolithic bulk when they sit in a hand or on a shelf; inside, the pages are forests of symbols, as though even in books of such magnitude the sentences needed compression to fit on to pages. How different to poetic volumes, beguilingly slender, their pages brilliant with blank, white space, across which the spindly words stretch like gossamer. In terms of content, however, novels are rarely as monolithic as their physical form suggests. From earliest times since, the genre has dealt, centrally, with themes of metamorphosis, transubstantiation, the fundamentally permeable nature of the self. The solid material aspect of the novel often masks a central preoccupation with the fluidity of identity.In the compass of this article, I want to explore the central role accorded by Heliodorus, arguably the greatest of ancient novelists, to questions of perceptual deception, to seeing and seeming; and in particular, I want to explore the role of artworks within Heliodorus' narrative economy. The narrative turns, as is well known, on the amazing paradox of an Ethiopian girl born white. Charicleia's skin colour is a visual trap, an illusion. Given that her freakish pigmentation is the result of her mother's glancing at an art-work at the moment of conception, Charicleia can almost be said to be a walking ekphrasis, an embodiment of the illusory traps of the unreal.

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Shimu, Afroza Ahammed, et Md Shahidul Islam. « The Prospect of the Readymade Garments Sector in Bangladesh : Result from Trend Analysis ». American Journal of Trade and Policy 3, n^o 3 (31 décembre 2016) : 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajtp.v3i3.408.

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Purpose: In Bangladesh readymade garments (RMG) sector, the backbone of the national economy is not the major sources of foreign revenue but a significant role player of the socio-economic development by creating employment opportunities, empowering women and alleviating poverty. In this regard, this paper tries to understand and analyze current situation and structure of the both knitted and woven sectors. After then, this paper predicts the future of both the export and export growth for the next five years. Methodology: In this study, data on the export and export growth had been collected from the BGMEA. Then the Least Square Method as a trend analysis had been applied to identify forecast export trend and the export growth trend of the both knitwear and woven sector separately. Microsoft excel program had been used for the estimation of the trend analysis alongside with providing predictions for the next five years. Results: The study found that the trend of both knitwear and woven export was upward. But the study also explored the downward trend of those two knitwear and woven sectors in terms of the growth rate. Moreover, the study showed that after the phasing out of MFA within 2004 and the withdrawal of quota protection, the knitwear export did not face any impediments accorded by the projection. Implication: This paper will be effective not for understanding the present structure of the RMG sector but helpful to take appropriate policies for the prosperity of the country, especially of this sector.

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Kikoh, Ezekiel, et Kiming Ngala. « From Sustainable Development to Sustainable Retreat, Brundtland to Lovelock : what has Africa in it ? » Journal of Developing Economies 3, n^o 1 (1 mars 2021) : 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/jde.664.

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Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to show that James Lovelock proposed “Sustainable Retreat” opposed to the UN Predatory Sustainable Development doesn’t fit the African ecology and development, African ecology as well as others of less developed and developing countries are preys to coalition UN-Sustainable Development. It tries to answer the question: What has African ecology in sustainable development/retreat? Methodology: Using the archaeologico-critical method, this paper traces, evaluates the history of sustainable development/retreat and show cases the possibility of an African “special development/technology status” in a new sustainable development which is ecology-centered. Findings: Findings show that first, concerning Lovelock’s Sustainable Retreat, Africa is still at embryonic phase of its development/technology so it cannot be put into the industrialized nations’ policy of sustainable development/retreat. Secondly, the UNO-born Sustainable Development/Technology which emerged with the UN Brundtland’s commanded Report of 1987 is a bluff at the service of hyper neoliberal forces (market forces). Furthermore, to show that “Business as usual” follows its normal trend under the auspices of an accomplice UN-Sustainable Development accords and goals while the ecological macro equilibrium of the planet deteriorates. This masked coalition Sustainable Development-neoliberal forces has pushed industrialization technology too far to the point where if it is not halted and retreated the planet’s ecological equilibrium will crash. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The unique contribution of this paper to theory is transcending sustainable development/retreat and forging a new development set up that fits the African ecology. The recommendations are such that the UN-Sustainable Development pyramid domination of economy over social and environment is inversed and that the social, environment dominate the economy and finally that the special status is void of the idea of Africa as “depot of raw material”, nations’ dependency on ecological resources as principal source of income and the formation of local, national and regional African “tug of war” with predatory international neoliberal forces.

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Taban, Laura, Dana Stoian, Bogdan Timar, Daniela Amzar, Calin Adela, Alexandru Motofelea, Andreea Borlea, Romain Frisoni et Nadege Laguerre. « Vitamin D Status and Steatohepatitis in Obese Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients ». Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, n^o 18 (18 septembre 2022) : 5482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11185482.

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Background and Aims: The presence of steatohepatitis in obese patients can be multifactorial. The current study tries to determine the differences between diabetic and non-diabetic patients regarding the presence of steatohepatitis. We evaluated sequential liver samples and collected the times of bariatric surgery to assess the presence of NASH in patients with obesity, in the circuit of bariatric surgery. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 49 patients presenting high-grade obesity in the circuit of bariatric surgery, with liver biopsy. The patients underwent bariatric surgery at a single center in France and were followed for 2 years. The liver biopsies were performed intraoperatively on all 49 patients before the bariatric surgery. The primary endpoint of the study was to evaluate the relationships between steatohepatitis/liver fibrosis and the presence of diabetes and to evaluate the current relationships between the biochemical work-ups. Special importance was accorded to the correlations between vitamin D levels and the presence of hepatic steatosis, due to the antifibrogenic pattern in the liver, as shown in many important papers in the field. Results: Significant correlations were found between the presence of liver fibrosis and the presence of diabetes (p = 0.022), but not regarding the antidiabetic treatment. An important correlation was found between the vitamin D levels and the presence of liver fibrosis, as well as with the levels of A1C hemoglobin and LDL cholesterol levels. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency presents a strong correlation with hepatic steatosis in individuals with morbid obesity. Correcting vitamin D deficiency may present a beneficial role in treating hepatic steatosis, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk in patients with morbid obesity.

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Belyutina, Yuliya. « Objective and Subjective Evidence for Political Reality in Autobiographical Discourse ». Izvestia of Smolensk State University, n^o 3 (51) (2 novembre 2020) : 130–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2020-51-3-130-143.

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The article surveys peculiarities of a political language personality’s autobiographical discourse. Through the analysis of the autobiographical discourse, the specific features of the genre are revealed; its peculiarities in objectifying political reality are detected. The study material is a book of memoirs «Decision Points» by the 43d President of the USA George W. Bush, in which he describes landmark events in his personal and professional life and tries to explain what or who moved him forward in choosing complicated and provocative routes. In the analyses the author identifies genre-forming features of works, as well as the features in the objectification of political reality. The politician’s memoirs are distinguished not through accurate narration of factual evidence as much as through the aim to develop a certain view of the historical period in the reader and through the desire to cultivate a certain opinion in them. For this reason the reminiscent must strike an ideal balance in supplying objective and subjective evidence. A combination of unprejudiced narration and personal considerations, the author’s reflections on his reasons for decision-making, admission of guilt and not being right in some crucial moments add to the emotional disposition of the text and make it more convincing. Pragmatic actuality is achieved through rendering historical and famous facts, dates, and contemporary records. Within this article the onomastic space of G.W. Bush’s memoirs has ben analysed, which helps to reveal that most of the onyms (anthroponyms, zoonyms, chrematonyms, ethnonyms, socionyms, ergonyms, toponyms) and to testify to their credibility. The conclusion is made that the objective evidence is exposed to careful selection and is to accord with the pragmatic intention of the subject of reminiscence; the subjective evidence allows to fill the text with emotional substance and to plunge the reader in the thick of things.

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FERRAZ, Daniel Amin, et Gerardo Alves LIMA FILHO. « TRABALHADORES À DERIVA NA EMPRESA FRAGMENTADA DO SÉCULO XXI : FUNDAMENTOS PARA UMA POLÍTICA EMANCIPATÓRIA ». Revista Juridica 2, n^o 55 (11 avril 2019) : 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.21902/revistajur.2316-753x.v2i55.3403.

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RESUMOEste artigo trata das transformações e suas principais consequências do mundo empresarial e do trabalho no século XXI. Nesse sentido, inicialmente busca identificar as principais tendências e características dessa possível nova fase de interação dos agentes econômicos, tentando ainda investigar os riscos decorrentes para o grupo vulnerável dos trabalhadores. Em seguida, examina esse conjunto de alterações no plano legislativo nacional, analisando a sua compatibilidade ou não com o sistema de proteção social da Constituição Federal de 1988. Posteriormente, aplica a teoria da integridade de Ronald Dworkin a fim de verificar se as alterações estão de acordo com os princípios da igual consideração e respeito para com todos os cidadãos e da autonomia de cada um fazer as escolhas acerca da sua própria vida. Por fim, apresenta sugestões no sentido de garantir um modelo que promova a emancipação do trabalhador, como sujeito que oferece para a sociedade suas potencialidades enquanto manifestação da sua dignidade no mundo do trabalho. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Alterações empresariais e trabalhistas; Reformas Inconstitucionais; Teoria da Integridade. ABSTRACTThis article deals with the transformations and main consequences of the XXI century business and labor worlds. In this sense, it initially tries to identify the main tendencies and characteristics of this possible new interaction phase of the economic players and trying to explore the risks resulting to the vulnerable group of the workers. Then, this set of changes is examined at the legislative level, analyzing its compatibility or incompatibility with the social protection system of the 1988 Federal Constitution. Later, Ronald Dworkin’s integrity theory is applied to verify if the alterations are accord to the principles of equal consideration and respect to all citizens, and the autonomy of each citizen to choose the aspects of their own life. Last, suggestions are made to ensure a model that promotes the worker’s emancipation as a subject that offers its potentialities to society as a manifestation of their dignity in the labor world. KEYWORDS: Business and labor changes; Unconstitutional Reforms; Theory of Integrity.

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Romero Morante, Jesús, et Alberto Luis Gómez. « Do the Policies and Practices of Teacher Education Serve to Improve Education ? A Response Based on the Analysis of the Social Construction of Teaching ». education policy analysis archives 15 (15 septembre 2007) : 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v15n19.2007.

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Few people would deny that initial and continuing teacher education are crucial factors in the improvement of education. Nevertheless, one must adopt a certain reservation before offering categorical and knee-jerk responses to the question which heads this article. This is not only a result of the ambiguity of the available evidence, so much the worse if one were to succumb to the temptation of establishing monocausal relationships, but also due to the very complexity of a question whose explicit and implicit terms (?improvement? and its conditions, the ?object? and the ?subject? of the same, the approach to professional preparation, etc.) are all debatable. Moreover, there needs to be some caution in examining the belief that it is feasible to determine empirically the body of knowledge, skills and commitments which would be required by teachers in order to guarantee ?effective? and successful teaching. Given the socio-political nature of institutionalised education, whatever teacher education project must be open to supra-empirical consideration and, for this reason, should be expected to defend itself in accord with general principles. However, these principles or values are proposed; they are not discovered. It follows, therefore, that one inevitably enters into the world of ?discourse?, which tries to persuade by means of arguments and not through the proposal of predictions. On the other hand, in no way does this mean that the problem is reduced to a mere doctrinal choice. The arguments presented neither can nor ought to be divorced from the best knowledge available to us. Precisely for this reason, the authors seek to make a modest contribution to this debate, drawing attention to a body of research which focuses on how professional practice is ?constituted? de facto. It is a body of research too often passed over within this field, despite the fact that it seems fundamental to us in weighing up the possibilities and limitations of teacher education. Its consideration will give us cause to rethink some of the immediate challenges, and to revise (in the light of our findings) the reforms presently being imposed in an effort to redefine professionalism in teaching.

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Owens, Michael A. « COVID-19 in Utah Valley ». Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Education 9, n^o 1 (10 mars 2020) : 165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jise.v9i1.2104.

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The second week of March 2020 presented an array of unique challenges for me both professionally and personally as I adjusted my work and home life to cope with the COVID-19 virus. I had already been ailing with what (I hoped) were seasonal allergies that left me coughing, bleary-eyed, and wondering if I might be sick with COVID-19 prior to the announcements from our university and school district that we should start self-isolating and preparing for at-home instruction. As both of my children at home are competitive gymnasts, we faced another decision about whether to keep them home from training. As my work and personal email boxes began filling with announcements from my university, my department, my children’s school, my children’s gym, and even my church and extended out-of-state family, I had to fight back a growing sense of anxiety about the outside world as I looked after my physical recovery. Staying home from work, just as a symbolic gesture, made a lot of sense to me. I’d already afflicted my colleagues with my occasional coughing from my isolated office way down the corridor, but I didn’t want to leave anything to chance. Although I presumed my odds of having COVID-19 were small after three trips to the doctor in the last month for secondary infections resulting from my allergies, who really knew? So, from my home office, I put into practice the skills I learned from doing remote instruction over the last several years. Up until the present challenge, I had tried to access my email only in the morning and afternoon. As news and instructions came in from my university and department, email communication became a near-constant distraction/source of information. Following our university’s lead, our college moved to all-remote instruction and social isolating. This meant moving to the Zoom video conferencing app. Fortunately, I was quite familiar with the app, so I didn’t have too hard a transition. However, at least a few of my colleagues had to make substantial changes to what and how they taught. Moreover, our students varied widely in how familiar and comfortable they were with the online interface. They valued our programs for their face-to-face emphasis, and now they were being asked to adjust everything about their experience within days. Moreover, most of my students are educational professionals themselves, so they were scrambling to provide direction and services to their own students. In the days following the university’s move to all-remote instruction, I participated in several instructional and organizational meetings with administrators and colleagues to ensure we were all in accord about the adjustments we would make to classes, and I spent hours on email coordinating with students and responding to their personal and professional concerns. I greatly reduced planned whole-group instruction in favor of individual consultation. I felt frustration at my students as they requested that I take my class instruction down to the basics. As I was teaching a course on qualitative research methods, I already felt I was barely touching on the tip of the iceberg as it was. How more stripped down could I get? At the same time, I was still recovering physically from (what I hoped were) my allergies, so I recognized that some of my frustration was my body demanding time to recover. To add to the challenges/opportunities of the first week into this at-home learning experiment, I had my two elementary-aged children at home with their own learning needs to consider. Even as I type, my third grader (who has an IEP) is in my office with me on i-Ready doing her daily math lesson on my university-issued iPad while my wife works with our sixth grader on her laptop. I find myself dividing my time between my third grader and my professional work, and I feel like neither is getting the attention they deserve. And yet, in the midst of the chaos, things are happening. Our children are getting more one-on-one time than they have in quite a while. They’re happy and adjusting. I wonder about their peers. My children attend a Title I school, and many of their parents and caregivers don’t have access to the same remote learning resources as they do. Many don’t have parents at home to supervise the well-organized instruction their teachers have provided (almost miraculously) via Google Classroom. It’s a strange new world in these early quarantine days, and I’m sure there are many opportunities and challenges ahead.

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Päll, Janika. « Meremotiiv üleva pildikeeles : paari näitega eesti luulest ». Baltic Journal of Art History 11 (30 novembre 2016) : 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/bjah.2016.11.03.

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The article begins by explaining the background of sea motifs, which can be understood as sublime in the classical theory of arts, beginning with Pseudo-Longinus and continuing with Boileau and Burke, and the re-visitation of Aristotelian theory by the latter. This part of the article focuses on the observations of grandeur, dramatic change and danger in nature, which were defined as sublime in antiquity (based on examples from Homer and Genesis in Longinus or the Gigantomachy motifs in ancient art), as well as on the role of emotion (pathos) in the Sublime. The Renaissance and Early Modern Sublime reveal the continuation of these trends in Burke’s theories and the landscape descriptions of Radcliffe in the Mysteries of Udolpho. In the latter, we also see a quotation from Beattie’s Minstrel, whose motif of a sea-wrecked mariner represents the same type of sublime as Wordsworth’s Peele Castle (which, in its turn, was inspired by a painting by Sir George Beaumont). This sublimity is felt by human beings before mortal danger and nature’s untamed and excessive forces. In German poetry and art such sublimity can be seen in the works of Hölderlin or Caspar David Friedrich. However, 16th and 17th century poetry and painting rarely focused on such sublimity and preferred the more classical harmonia discors, in which ruins or the sea were just a slight accent underlining general harmony.The article continues, focusing on the sea motifs in Estonian art and poetry. In Estonian art (initially created by Baltic Germans), the reflections of the magnificent Sublime in the paintings by August Matthias Hagen can be seen as the influence of Caspar David. In poetry, we see sublime grandeur in the ode called Singer by the first Estonian poet, Kristjan Jaak Peterson, who compared the might of the words of future Estonian poets to stormy torrents during a thunderstorm, in contrast to the Estonian poetry of his day, which he compared to a quiet stream under the moonlight. The grandeur, might and yearning for sublimity is reflected in the prose poem Sea (1905) by Friedebert Tuglas, who belonged to the Young Estonia movement. This movement was more interested in modernity and city life than in romantically dangerous or idyllic landscapes. However, the main trends of Estonian poetry seem to dwell on idyllic landscapes and quietly sparkling seas, as for example, in a poem by Villem Ridala or sea landscape by Konrad Mägi. We also see this type of sublimity at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries in the soundscapes of the sea by Ester Mägi or paintings by Aili Vint.After World War II, the influence of the romantic ode genre and sublime can be seen in a translation of Byron’s Stanzas for Music (1815) by Minni Nurme (1950). In Byron’s gentle, sweet and serene picture of a lulled and charmed ocean, the underlying dimension of the divine, and the grandeur and power of the music is not expressed explicitly. Nurme tries to bring the translation into accord with the ode genre, thereby causing a shift from the serene to the grand sublime, by focusing on the depth of water and feelings, the greatness of the ocean, and most of all, the rupture of the soul, which has been the most important factor in the sublime theory of Pseudo-Longinus. Her translation also seems influenced by her era of post-war Soviet Estonia (so that Byron’s allusions to the divine word have been replaced by the might of nature). In the same period, Estonia’s most vivid description of the romantic sublime appears in the choral poem Northern Coast (1958) composed by Gustav Ernesaks, with lyrics by another Estonian poet, Kersti Merilaas.Coastline in a leap, on the spur of attacking; each other tightly the sea and the land here are holding The rocky banks, breast open to winds, are hurling downwards the pebbles and chunks. Its adversary’s waves now grasp for its feet, gnawing and biting into the shores. Stop now! No further from here, neither of you can proceed any more! Full of might is the sea, more powerful is the land.

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Stankovic, Vlada. « Novelisim Konstantin, Mihailo V i rod Paflagonaca ». Zbornik radova Vizantoloskog instituta, n^o 40 (2003) : 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zrvi0340027s.

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La lign?e des Paphlagoniens, leur conqu?te de la couronne imp?riale, mais aussi leur destruction rapide et totale, repr?sentaient un ph?nom?ne unique dans l'histoire de Byzance du Xle si?cle. Depuis leur premi?re apparition dans les sources byzantines, jusqu'au d?clin final de la famille en 1042, ce n'est qu'une dizaine d'ann?es plus tard, pendant lesquelles les membres de la branche des Paphlagoniens avaient r?ussi ? se soumettre toute une administration de l'Empire, et gr?ce ? la solidarit? familiale, ? parvenir ? une ?norme richesse. Ils ?taient aussi sp?cifiques par le fait qu'ils repr?sentaient un genos clos, une ?lite autosuffisante, les Paphlagoniens par leur politique ont indiqu? l'importance des relations familiales dans l'Empire qui apr?s la mort de Basile II et Constantin VIII ?tait rentr? dans une longue lutte pour la conqu?te de la couronne imp?riale, mais aussi pour la l?gitimit? souveraine qui avait ?t? requise dans la relation avec les membres f?minines de la dynastie mac?donienne, Zo? et Theodora. Le r?gne des Paphlagoniens a ?t? interrompu pendant les r?bellions ? Constantinople en avril 1042, lorsque Michel V a ?t? chass? du tr?ne et aveugl? avec son oncle - le fr?re de sa m?re - le nob?lissime Constantin. La relation de Michel V le Calfat avec le nob?lissime Constantin, leur coop?ration et discordes mutuelles avec l'autre partie de la famille des Paphlagoniens ? la t?te de laquelle se trouvait Jean Orphanotrophe, repr?sentaient le point de d?part du pr?sent ouvrage. Plus pr?cis?ment, la circonstance que Michel V se soit vivement confront? aux membres de la famille des Paphlagoniens, ? laquelle lui-m?me appartenait par la ligne f?minine, imposait une relecture et une nouvelle interpr?tation des sources, afin de tenter de d?passer leurs donn?es contradictoires. Parmi les sources qui d?crivent les ?v?nements depuis le r?gne de Romain III Argyros (1028-1034) lorsque les Paphlagoniens apparaissent pour la premi?re fois dans les sources et lorsque d?bute leur apog?e, jusqu'au d?clin de toute la famille en 1042, l'une des plus importantes est aussi celle de Jean Skylitz?s. Cependant, c'est aussi la plus probl?matique, c'est-?-dire sa d?claration et ses donn?es divergent au premier abord m?me assez visiblement - des donn?es de Michel Psellos Jean Zonaras ou Michel Attaliate. Une lecture plus d?taill?e de Skylitz?s apporte sa d?claration en harmonie, avant tout avec certains d?tails uniques que nous transmet Michel Psellos, mais aussi avec l'image compl?te de l'expansion, du r?gne et du d?clin de la famille de Paphlagoniens. En premier lieu, Skylitz?s souligne l'importance des eunuques influents de Constantin VIII, qui avaient eu un grand r?le ?galement dans la venue au pouvoir de Michel IV, en 1034, de Michel V, en d?cembre 1041, mais aussi dans sa destitution seulement quatre mois plus tard. Le cercle de personnes influents dans la cour de Constantin VIII, a ?t? partiellement repouss? d?j? par la politique familiale de Romain Argyros, ? moins qu'ils ne soient pass?s dans le clan de ce basileus aristocrate, comme cela a ?t? le cas avec l'eunuque Sym?on (pendant le r?gne de Romain, il ?tait le domestique des scholes d'Orient et le pr?tovestiaire qui avait aid? l'ancien ?parque de Constantinople ? acc?der au tr?ne imp?rial). Insatisfait par le r?gne de Romain Argyros, les courtisans influents de la cour de Constantin VIII avaient tent? de voir en la famille des Paphlagoniens une mani?re de reprendre leurs anciennes positions et de reconqu?rir leur ancienne influence. Dirig?s par ces id?es, et jouissant des faveurs et de la confiance de l'imp?ratrice Zo?, sur laquelle ils exer?aient une grande influence, avec son aide ? elle, avec l'Orphanotrophe, ils ont ramen? Michel IV au pouvoir. Jean Skylitz?s et encore plus explicitement Jean Zonaras soulignent leur retour dans le palais imp?rial apr?s la mort de Romain Argyros, c'est-?-dire leur complicit? dans la venueau tr?ne de Michel. D?s la conqu?te du pouvoir, les Paphlagoniens se sont charg? ? placer les membres de leur genos aux plus importantes positions, afin de repousser l'influence des assistants de Romain Argyros, mais aussi les puissants du cercle de Zo?. C'est ainsi que la suite de la cour de l'imp?ratrice Zo? a ?t? remplac?, suite que maintenant ? la place de ses fid?les servantes repr?sentaient les membres f?minines de la famille des Paphlagoniens, les cousines de Michel IV et de l'Orphanotrophe. Pour le duc d'Antioche ? la place de Th?ophylacte Dalass?ne a ?t? plac? le troisi?me fr?re par a?nesse Nik?tas, et lorsque ce dernier est mort, cette m?me ann?e 1034, il a ?t? remplac? par le fr?re suivant Constantin, alors que le plus jeune Georges ?tait devenu pr?tovestiaire ? la place de l'eunuque Sym?on. La commande militaire ? l'ouest avait ?t? confi?e par les Paphlagoniens ? leurs cousins par ligne f?minine: leur beau-fr?re le patrice Etienne Calfat, ?tait le commandant de la flotte, et en 1040, le commandant de Th?ssalonique ?tait le patrice Constantin - vraisemblablement le fils d'Etienne Calfat et le fr?re germain de Michel V. D'une fa?on similaire, les Paphlagoniens propageaient ?galement leur influence dans l'?glise. Comme Romain III Argyros, eux aussi faisaient venir sur les chaires de mitropolites leurs cousins (Antoine Pahys ? Nicom?die), s'attiraient les faveurs des anciens membres du clan de Romain Argyros dans la tentative de faire venir l'Orphanotrophe sur le tr?ne patriarcal (D?m?trios de Kyzikos), ou pla?aient des personnes proches ? eux le plus souvent originaires de Paphlagonie (L?on, l'archev?que de Bulgarie voir aussi l'eunuque Constantin Fagitz?s, Paphlagonien de naissance et membre de leur clan). D?s 1034, probablement pendant la premi?re ann?e de leur r?gne, les fr?res Paphlagoniens ont fait de leur mieux afin d'assurer l'h?ritage de la couronne dans le cadre de leur famille. Le fils d'Etienne Calfat et de leur soeur Maria, Michel, a ?t? proclam? c?sar, comme celui qui h?riterait Michel IV, puisque le seul fr?re qui n'avait pas ?t? eunuque Nik?tas, ?tait mort d?j? en cette ann?e 1034. Pourtant, ce qui manque chez Skylitz?s, Zonaras et Attaliate, est compl?t? par les donn?es de Michel Psellos - de la Chronographie, mais aussi d'un discours du d?but du r?gne de Constantin Monomaque o? Psellos avait donn? un court histoire de l'Empire et des empereurs depuis Basile II jusqu'? Monomaque. Dans les deux lieux Psellos mentionne que Jean l'Orphanotrophe, rapidement avoir s'?tre brouill? avec son neveu Michel Calfat, avait tent? dans le cadre de sa famille ? retrouver nouvel h?ritier de la couronne. Les donn?es des autres ?crivains confirment la querelle de Michel IV et de l'Orphanotrophe avec leur neveu mais aucun d'eux ne l'explique de plus pr?s et ce ne sont que les allusions de Psellos dans ce cas-l?, plut?t claires, qui contribuent ? une meilleure consid?ration des relations dans la famille des Paphlagoniens mais aussi dans le sommet-m?me de l'?tat. Ce n'est qu'apr?s comparaison de leurs donn?es que nous pouvons avoir une id?e plus claire sur les ?v?nements qui se sont d?roul?s de 1034 jusqu'? 1042: d?s la prise du pouvoir, Michel IV et l'Orphanotrophe proclament leur neveu Michel c?sar; un peu plus tard, ils renoncent ? ce dessein, en interdisant ? Michel Calfat m?me d'acc?der au palais; en cherchant un nouvel h?ritier appartenant ? leur lign?e, ils se retournent vers le fr?re de Michel Calfat, Constantin, commandant de Th?ssalonique en 1040, qui avec succ?s avait fait la guerre avec les Bulgares et a re?u le haut titre de magistros; Michel Calfat retrouve le soutien pour la lutte contre l'Orphanotrophe dans le cadre de sa lign?e - ? son c?t? se trouvent les deux plus jeunes fr?res des Paphlagoniens Constantin et Georges apr?s la mort de Michel IV, ils r?ussissent ? repousser l'Orphanotrophe et ? obtenir un accord avec l'imp?ratrice Zo? et son entourage -apr?s quoi Zo? adopte Michel et il devient basileus; Michel V r?gle tout d'abord les comptes avec les adversaires au sein de sa lign?e tandis qu'? son oncle il attribue le haut titre de nob?lissime. Apr?s cela ils se l?vent ouvertement contre l'imp?ratrice Zo?; apr?s avoir chass? Zo? une r?volte ?clate ? Constantinople, ? la t?te de cette r?volte se trouvent les puissants de l'?poque de Constantin VIII, repouss?s par les politiques familiales de Romain Argyros et des Paphlagoniens. Ils tirent de son couvent la princesse Theodora, la proclament imp?ratrice et, m?fiants envers Zo? ils cr?vent les yeux ? Michel V et au nob?lissime Constantin. Craignant de confier le pouvoir ? l'imp?ratrice Zo? - dont les accords politiques leur ont caus? la perte de leurs positions - ils r?ussissent ? r?aliser leur influence ? travers le r?gne commun des deux s?urs; apr?s avoir renvers? les Paphlagoniens, les organisateurs du soul?vement gagnent de nouveau les plus hauts rangs dans l'arm?e: Nicolas, l'eunuque le plus puissant de Constantin VIII devient de nouveau le domestique des scholes d'Orient, Constantin Kabasilas, substitu? au tout d?but du r?gne des Paphlagoniens, devient le domestique des scholes d'Occident. Le nob?lissime Constantin, que Michel Attaliate surnomme ? tort le patradelps?z de Michel V, a ?t? renvoy? ? Constantinople uniquement dans le but de d?couvrir l'abri du tr?sor pr?s de son oikos pr?s des Saints Ap?tres o? ont ?t? dissimul?s, selon Skylitz?s presque 1700 kilogrammes d'or.

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Ginsburg, Jane C. « Minimum and Maximum Protection Under International Copyright Treaties ». Columbia Journal of Law & ; the Arts 44, n^o 1 (9 décembre 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.52214/jla.v44i1.7308.

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This Comment addresses minimum and maximum substantive international protections set out in the Berne Convention and subsequent multilateral copyright accords. While much scholarship has addressed Berne minima, the maxima have generally received less attention. It first discusses the general structure of the Berne Convention, TRIPS, and the WCT regarding these contours, and then analyzes their application to the recent “press publishers’ right” promulgated in the 2019 EU Digital Single Market Directive.

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« An Efficient Load Balanced Strategy for LTE-WLAN ». VOLUME-8 ISSUE-10, AUGUST 2019, REGULAR ISSUE 8, n^o 10 (10 août 2019) : 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.i7593.0881019.

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With each very little cell LTE and Wi-Fi systems accessible as selections for causing in unauthorised teams (quite five GHz), the examination regarding their concurrence could be a theme of dynamic intrigue, primarily determined by business gatherings. 3GPP has as lately institutionalized LTE authorized assisted Access (LTE-LAA) that tries to form LTE a lot of conjunction unthreatening with Wi-Fi by fusing comparative detective work and back-off highlights. Regardless, the outcomes displayed by business bunches provide very little accord on important problems like separate system parameter settings that advance "reasonable access" PRN by 3GPP. Answers to such key framework causing angles, thusly, need valid diagnostic models, on that there has been very little advancement so far. In like manner, in one in every of the most work of its type, we have a tendency to build up another system for assessing the outturn of Wi-Fi and LTELAA in concurrence things by means that of affordable changes to the discovered Bianchi [1] model.

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