Thèses : « A-618 »

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Ng, Mei-pou Mabel, et 吳美寶. « A study on the immigrants from the Korean Peninsula in the Tang Dynasty (618-907)= ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30479277.

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Ozkan, Cuma. « A comparative analysis| Buddhist Madhyamaka and Daoist Chongxuan (Twofold Mystery) in the early Tang (618-720) ». Thesis, The University of Iowa, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1540391.

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The interactions between Chinese religions has occupied an enormous amount of scholarly attention in many fields because there have been direct and indirect consequences resulting from the interactions among Buddhism, Daoism, and Confucianism. These religious traditions have obviously influenced each other in many respects such as rituals, doctrines, textual materials, philosophy and so on. Accordingly, I will, in this paper, critically analyze the implications of the interactions between Buddhism and Daoism by examining Twofold Mystery. Since Twofold Mystery is heavily dependent on Madhyamaka Buddhist concepts, this study will, on the one hand, examine the influence of Madhyamaka Buddhism on the development of Twofold Mystery. On the other hand, it will critically survey how Twofold Mystery remained faithful to the Daoist worldview.

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Shum, Ching-man Olivia, et 岑靜雯. « A study of women in the families of government officials in the Tang Dynasty (618-907) = ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30397881.

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Cho, S. « Death, disease, and Daoism in the Tang (618-907 AD) : a history of Daoist liturgy in medieval China ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597624.

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This study examines Daoist rituals to deal with the recurring concerns in the medieval Chinese religion: the proper sending-off of the deceased, the avoidance of any malevolent effects associated with death, the search for the salvation of the dead. During the early medieval period, Daoism developed rituals that addressed the religious needs unsatisfied by the Confucian ritual framework. One of such concerns was that the newly dead may bring misfortunes to or harm their own family and neighbours. This is often manifested as diseases in the family. Many of the medical texts compiled during the Tang also show a similar aetiology and recommend ritual methods to drive out the pathogenic agents of the malignant ghosts. Likewise, in the popular religious tradition, the main concern was to prevent any malevolent influences from the dead. While exorcistic rituals were performed to the same end in Daoism too, more emphasis was put on the salvation of the dead. Petitioning rituals and zhai-retreats were observed to save the dead from the sufferings in the netherworld and thereby to eliminate their harmful influences on the living. A comparative analysis of the petitioning ritual and the zhai-retreats shows the historical changes during the Tang in which the latter emerged as the most prevalent form of ritual for the welfare of the living and the salvation of the dead, by inheriting the basic ritual structure of the former. By examining anecdotal literature and excavated materials, this study contextualises the prescriptive contents of the sources in the Daoist canon.

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LIANG, LIAN. « Le costume chinois a l'epoque des tang (618-907). Histoire du costume, de la mode et de la beaute feminine dans les lettres et les arts ». Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040216.

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Le custome, la coiffure, la parure et le maquillage atteignirent les plus hauts sommets a l'epoque des tang (618-907 ap. J. C. ) et temoignent a l'age d'or dans l'histoire du costume chinois. La premiere partie de la these presente une breve retrospective de l'histoire du costume chinois avant la periode tang. La deuxieme partie traite du costume masculin et de ses accessoires. Quant a la troisieme partie, elle concerne le costume feminin, les accessoires, la coiffure, pa parure et le maquillage des femmes de cette epoque. Pour conclure, nous essayons de proposer quelques refelxions sur la civilisation chinoise et le role original et determinant qu'a joue le costume. En annexe, nous parlerons des textiles utilises, des techniques du tissage et de l'impression de tissus. Ce travail est fonde sur les decouvertes archeologiques, les autres sources utilisees sont principalement des peintures, des poesies, et des livres historiques
Costume, hair style, jewellery and make up were at their highest during the tang period and illustrate the golden age of chinese costume. The first part of this thesis presents a short retrospective of chinese costume before the tang dynasty. The second part deals with men's costumes and their accessories. As for the third part, it concerns the women's costumes,the accessories and hair style, the jewellery and women make up during this special period. As a conclusion, we will propose a few ideas on chinese civilization and show the original and ruling part played by the costume. The annexes will mention the types of textiles used at the time, the weaving and printing techniques. This study is based on archaeological discoveries. The other materials are mainly paintings, poems and historical books

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Vicente, Gutiérrez María Pilar. « Crecimiento fetal y del recién nacido : Análisis de la composición corporal y parámetros endocrino- metabólicos al nacimiento y a los 12 meses de vida ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2494.

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INTRODUCCIÓN: Recientemente se ha demostrado la asociación existente entre el tamaño al nacimiento y la aparición de enfermedades en la vida adulta.
La hipertensión arterial, la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y la obesidad son más frecuentes en personas que nacieron con peso bajo para su edad gestacional (PBEG).
Los mecanismos que median esta asociación se desconocen, pero parece que el desarrollo de resistencia a la insulina juega un papel fundamental.
Los recién nacidos con PBEG son muy sensibles a la insulina, pero si presentan durante los primeros meses de vida un crecimiento compensador rápido y exagerado, muestran mayor insulinemia basal a los 4 años y mayor adiposidad central a los 6 años de vida.

JUSTIFICACIÓN DEL ESTUDIO: Estudiar las relaciones entre somatometría, composición corporal y parámetros endocrino-metabólicos en recién nacidos sanos puede ser útil para dilucidar los mecanismos subyacentes.

HIPÓTESIS: El grado de crecimiento postnatal en recién nacidos sanos influye en la composición corporal y en los niveles de insulina y adiponectina al año de vida.

OBJETIVOS: 1) Conocer la composición corporal de niños sanos de nuestro medio, a los 10 días y al año de vida. 2) Conocer los niveles de glucosa, insulina y adiponectina en sangre de cordón (SC), y si existe correlación con la antropometría al nacimiento y con la composición corporal a los 10 días de vida. 3) Evaluar la relación entre grado de crecimiento postnatal y porcentaje y distribución de la grasa y niveles de insulina y adiponectina al año de edad.

MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio longitudinal prospectivo. Se han incluido 114 recién nacidos sanos de etnia caucásica y edad gestacional ≥ 35 semanas.
Se han cuantificado glucosa, insulina y adiponectina en SC y se ha analizado su composición corporal mediante absorciometría radiológica de doble energía a los 10 días. Al año de vida, se han realizado las mismas pruebas a 92 de estos niños.

RESULTADOS: 1) A los 10 días de vida, las mujeres presentan más masa grasa que los varones (786g vs 567g) y menos masa magra (2840g vs 3070g). Al año, esta diferencia entre sexos persiste (Masa grasa 3594g vs 3281g, masa magra: 6504g vs 7496g). El contenido mineral óseo no varía según el sexo. 2) Parámetros endocrino-metabólicos en SC: La glucosa (Mediana: 73,8 mg/dl) sólo se correlaciona con el tipo de parto. La insulina (Mediana: 5,5 µUI/ml) es mayor en mujeres y muestra correlación positiva con el z-score de peso al nacimiento, el índice ponderal, la adiposidad total, troncal y abdominal. La adiponectina (Media: 34,7 µg/ml) muestra correlación positiva con la adiposidad total y troncal, y negativa con el z-score de longitud al nacimiento. 3) Un mayor incremento de z-score de peso durante el primer año de vida se correlaciona con mayor adiposidad total, troncal y abdominal. No ocurre lo mismo con el incremento de z-score de longitud. Un mayor grado de crecimiento postnatal en peso o longitud en el primer año no se asocia a niveles mayores de insulina ni menores de adiponectina al año de vida.

CONCLUSIONES: 1) En RN sanos de nuestro medio, la masa grasa y la masa magra presentan una clara diferencia en función del sexo, que se mantiene al año de vida. 2) Los niveles de insulina y adiponectina en SC muestran correlación positiva con la adiposidad total y troncal a los 10 días de vida. 3) La adiposidad total, troncal y abdominal es mayor en los lactantes que han presentado un catch-up de peso entre el nacimiento y los 12 meses. 4) Un mayor grado de crecimiento postnatal no se asocia a niveles mayores de insulina ni menores de adiponectina al año de edad.
BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest an increased frequency of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in subjects who were small at birth. Fetal undernutrition results in developmental adaptations ("programming") that generate insulin resistance in adulthood. Small for gestational age newborns are highly sensitive to insulin, but after an exaggerated postnatal catch-up they show hyperinsulinemia and increased central adiposity.

HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesised that the degree of postnatal growth in healthy babies is related to body composition and to insulin and adiponectin levels at 1 year of age.
We also explored the relationships between body size, body composition at age 10 days and at 1 year of age, and cord blood glucose, insulin and adiponectin levels.

METHODS: A longitudinal prospective study has been conducted on 114 Caucasian healthy newborn babies (GA≥ 35 weeks). Glucose, insulin and adiponectin have been assessed in cord blood and body composition has been studied by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at 10 days of age. Ninety-two of these babies have undergone the same assessments at age 1 year.

RESULTS: 1) At age 10 days, girls have more fat mass than boys (786g vs 567g, respectively) and less lean mass (2840g vs 3070g, respectively). At age 1 year, these differences persist (fat mass: 3594g vs 3281g, respectively; lean mass: 6504g vs 7496g, respectively); 2) Cord blood parameters: glucose (74 mg/dl) is only related to the type of delivery; insulin (5.5µUI/ml) is higher in girls and positively related to birth weight SDS, ponderal index, and total, truncal and abdominal fat. Adiponectin (34.7µg/ml) shows a positive correlation with total and truncal adiposity and a negative correlation with birth length SDS; 3) A greater increase in weight SDS during the first year is related to higher total, truncal and abdominal fat. A greater postnatal increase in weight and/or length is not associated to higher insulin levels and/or lower adiponectin levels.

CONCLUSIONS: 1) Body composition in healthy newborns is closely related to gender and to insulin and adiponectin levels; 2) Postnatal weight catch-up has an influence on fat amount and distribution, but not on insulin and adiponectin levels at 1 year of age.

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Ferriols, Pérez Elena. « Efecto de una intervención educativa sobre la frecuencia y adecuación de la asistencia a urgencias de las embarazadas de nuestra área ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/325158.

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Las visitas inadecuadas a urgencias, que podrían ser resueltas en atención primaria, son frecuentes, y suponen un gasto sanitario que podría reducirse. Los objetivos de nuestro trabajo son: Describir la adecuación de las visitas de las mujeres embarazadas al servicio de urgencias de nuestro centro, tratando de identificar los factores de riesgo para la generación de visitas inadecuadas; elaborar y validar un tríptico informativo sobre los posibles síntomas que pueden aparecer durante el embarazo y qué hacer si aparecen y conocer la eficacia, para reducir las visitas inadecuadas y la frecuentación a urgencias de esta intervención educativa, mediante un estudio de intervención aleatorizado. Se revisaron 1743 visitas a urgencias de obstetricia, clasificándose los motivos de consulta de acuerdo con los tres niveles de adecuación: adecuados, medianamente adecuados e inadecuados. Estos motivos fueron adecuados en los 38,9%, moderadamente adecuados en el 46,7% e inadecuados en el 14,4%. Aquellas pacientes con antecedentes de una muerte perinatal o una gestación de mayor riesgo tendieron a distribuir sus motivos de consulta en los grupos de motivos moderadamente adecuados e inadecuados (marginalmente significativo). Se encontró una tendencia hacia los motivos de consulta más apropiados en embarazos más evolucionados, y menos adecuados en gestaciones más tempranas. El número de fetos a término, pretérmino y abortos previos, se mostraron como variables que no modificaban el nivel de adecuación de forma estadísticamente significativa. Nuestros datos demuestran que la cantidad de visitas inadecuadas y moderadamente adecuadas podría reducirse en un 61% mediante la aplicación de diferentes intervenciones, lo que reduciría de igual modo el gasto sanitario. El tríptico fue validado por cuatro expertos en Obstetricia y por un grupo de 19 gestantes y puérperas. Éste fue repartido en un grupo caso de 209 pacientes embarazadas, aprovechando la primera ecografía de seguimiento y fue comparado a un grupo control de 216 pacientes. No se hallaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos caso y control con respecto a la variable principal Nivel de Adecuación, tampoco en la frecuentación a urgencias entre ambos grupos, siendo de 1,83 visitas de media para ambos grupos. Se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el requerimiento de ecografía (mayor en el grupo caso), sin embargo no se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la necesidad de ingreso, de sedimento, analítica, ni de registro cardiotocográfico. En análisis a corto plazo no se observaron más diferencias, la herramienta no demostró ser efectiva tampoco a corto plazo. Las visitas inadecuadas tenían lugar con mayor frecuencia por la mañana y por la noche. A mayor edad gestacional se observó una tendencia a generar visitas más adecuadas. En conclusión tras validar un tríptico informativo sobre los posibles síntomas que pueden aparecer durante la gestación y realizar una sencilla y económica intervención educativa sobre una población de gestantes, que ya había demostrado un alto grado de inadecuación en sus motivos de consulta a urgencias, no hemos podido demostrar su eficacia.
Inadequate emergency visits which could be resolved in primary care are frequent. Moreover, they are an unnecessary healthcare service outlay, which could be reduced. There are several aims of this study. First, we would like to describe the adequacy of the emergency visits by pregnant women in our Hospital and to identify the risk factors for an inappropriate visit. Secondly, we intend to develop and validate a leaflet about the symptoms that may occur during pregnancy and instructions for treatment should they appear. Finally, we will analyze the effectiveness of the leaflet to reduce inappropriate visits and attendance to the emergency room by a randomized intervention study. Specifically, out of a sample of 1,743 visits to the Gynecology and Obstetrics emergency, we classified the reasons for consultation according to the three levels of adequacy: adequate, moderately adequate and inadequate. Our findings show consultation motivations were adequate in 38.9% of the cases, moderately adequate in 46.7% and inadequate in 14.4 %. Several factors shaped variations in results. Patients with a history of stillbirth, death child or higher gestational risk tended to distribute their reasons of consultation in groups of moderately adequate and inadequate (marginally significant). We found a trend towards more appropriate reasons for consultation in more developed pregnancies while it was less adequate in the earlier gestations. The number of children at term or preterm and miscarriages are variables that didn´t change the level of adequacy in a statistically significant number. This shows that the amount of inadequate and moderately adequate visits to the emergency department could be reduced by 61 % by implementing different interventions. Therefore, unnecessary expense could be reduced. The leaflet was validated by four obstetricians’ experts and a group of 19 pregnant and puerperal women. The leaflet was committed in a group of 209 pregnant women, during their first ultrasound, and they were compared to a control group of 216 pregnant women. Adequacy level was not different between the case and the control group. No significant differences were found in the primary endpoint: "level of adequacy", between the case group and control group. Every pregnant woman went to emergency room 1.83 times in each group. We found significant differences in ultrasound requirement (the case group required more sonography) but not in hospitalization requirement, urine sediment requirement, "fetal non-stress test" requirement or blood test requirement. No significant differences were found in the short-term analysis; the tool neither proves to be effective in the short term. The inadequacy visits were more frequent during morning and nights. The higher gestational age was, the more appropriate were the visits. In conclusion we validated a leaflet about the symptoms that may occur during pregnancy and used it to make a simple and economic educational intervention in the pregnant woman population. Although we have demonstrated their high level of inappropriate visits to the emergency department, we could not demonstrate efficacy of the educational intervention under these conditions.

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Albareda, Riera Mercè. « Diabetes gestacional : riesgo de desarrollar diabetes mellitus y factores de riesgo cardiovascular a medio plazo ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4377.

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A pesar de que el concepto de diabetes gestacional (DMG) como lo entendemos actualmente data de 1979, las primeras referencias que nos constan son del siglo XIX (Bennewitz 1824, Duncan 1882), y antes de 1979 ya se hab'an publicado estudios de cribaje, diagnóstico y mortalidad perinatal (Hoet 1954, Wilkerson 1957, O'Sullivan y Mahan 1964, Pedersen 1967, Mestman 1971). En la actualidad, la DMG se define como la intolerancia a la glucosa de gravedad variable con inicio o primer reconocimiento durante la gestación. Este concepto fue incluido en la clasificación diagnóstica de la diabetes mellitus (DM) por el National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) en 1979 (NDDMG 1979), y por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en 1980 (WHO 1985). En el primer Workshop sobre DMG en 1980 (ADA 1980) ya se adoptó dicha ón, y en el segundo, se añadió el concepto de que debe aplicarse independientemente de si es necesario el tratamiento insulínico o de si persiste la alteración metabólica en el posparto (ADA 1985). Estas consideraciones se han mantenido también en el tercer y cuarto Workshops. Ello no obvia la necesidad de reclasificar la tolerancia a la glucosa en el posparto en todas las mujeres afectas.
La prevalencia de la DMG en diferentes poblaciones oscila entre el 0,15 y el 15% (tabla 1), interpretándose las diferencias por variaciones geográficas y étnicas (King 1998) además de la influencia de la utilización de diferentes métodos de cribaje y diagnóstico (Oats 1988, Dornhorst 1990, O'Sullivan 1991, Schwartz 1999). Así, en un grupo de 8857 mujeres gestantes, el diagnóstico de DMG se realizó en el 3,21% utilizando los criterios de NDDG y en el 4,95% según los de Carpenter y Counstan (Schwartz 1999). El riesgo de DMG aumenta con la edad materna, el sobrepeso, la paridad, los antecedentes familiares de DM y el antecedente de resultados adversos en embarazos previos, observándose además un aumento de prevalencia en los últimos años (King 1998).
Esta entidad se asocia a un aumento de la morbilidad materna y fetal tanto en el período perinatal como a largo plazo. Se ha descrito un mayor riesgo de preeclampsia, hidramnios y parto por cesárea, además de un mayor riesgo en el feto de macrosomía, traumatismo obstétrico, síndrome de distrés respiratorio y alteraciones bioquímicas transitorias (O'Sullivan 1973, Gyves 1977, Kitzmiller 1978, Widness 1985). La DMG también se acompaña de un mayor riesgo de diabetes DMNID a largo plazo en la madre (Mestman 1988, O'Sullivan 1991) y de diabetes, obesidad y alteración del desarrollo intelectual y psicomotor en sus hijos (Freinkel 1980, Pettitt 1991, Silverman 1998). Dado que tanto las repercusiones perinatales como a largo plazo se han asociado a un ambiente metabólico intrauterino adverso (Pettitt 1993, De Veciana 1995, Silverman 1998) es importante tanto el diagnóstico como su tratamiento para prevenirlas.

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Lau, Cheung-cheung. « A study of livelihood and city policy in Chang'an, the capital of Tang dynasty (618-907) Tang dai shou du Changan de ju min sheng ji yu cheng shi zheng ce yan jiu / ». Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/Bibno.

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Lynn, F. A. « The value of a third trimester ultrasound scan in low-risk pregnancy ; a discrete choice approach ». Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517102.

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Saidi, Samir Arif. « A systems biology approach to endometrial carcinoma ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612981.

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Eastwood, Pamela Janet. « Consumer issues and meat consumption : a study of the UK within a European context ». Thesis, Southampton Solent University, 2002. http://ssudl.solent.ac.uk/618/.

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In recent years a succession of food and health scares in the UK and elsewhere in Europe have resulted in consumers becoming more concerned about both the food they eat and aspects of the food chain over which they have little or no control. Many of these scares have been related to meat and meat products and, as a consequence, more and more people have reduced their meat consumption of have given up meat altogether. Although meat remains part of the diet for the majority of Europeans, the recent decline in the image of meat strongly suggests that there is now a real need for those involved in the meat industry to take steps to restore and retain consumer confidence in eating meat. This thesis investigates the factors which have had the most influence on meat consumption in Europe during the past two decades. The research is unique in that it takes both a multi-discliplinary and pan-European approach, examining economic and non-economic factors, as well as synthesising information from a variety of literature and statistical sources. Although the thesis is primarily concerned with meat consumption in the UK, reference is also made to the situation in some other Western European countries with emphasis on Germany. Comprehensive secondary research demonstrates how consumer issues are most likely to be responsible for recent changes in average per capita meat consumption. The importance of consumer attitudes is explored in depth, and consideration is given to various ways in which they can be measured and modelled. The results of attitudinal surveys are used to provide both a consumer and industry perspective of consumer attitudes to eating meat, and to highlight the importance of the consumer issues of healthy eating, food safety, animal welfare and vegetarianism. By testing Fishbein and Ajzen's Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) model, the consumer data confirm the hypothesis that consumer attitudes are important predictors of meat consumption. The concept of consumer confidence is discussed and a measure for it proposed. This enables consumer confidence to be incorporated into the TRA model, and thus provides a better understanding of the relationships between consumer confidence, consumer attitudes and meat consumption. It is proposed that rather than being another determinant of meat consumption, consumer confidence can best be conceptualised as the overall positive, negative or neutral feeling a consumer has towards eathing meat. The implications of the research findings for the many public and privately owned organisations associated with the meat industry are outlined. Based on the findings and conclusions of the thesis, an over-arching model, encapsulating the complex behaviour of meat consumption is proposed.

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Klingaman, Kristin. « Breastfeeding after a caesarean section : mother-infant health trade-offs ». Thesis, Durham University, 2009. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/102/.

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This thesis demonstrates the value of an anthropological perspective on informing appropriate breastfeeding support after caesarean section delivery. In contrast to epidemiological research that identifies distinct aspects of mother-infant interactions altered by this birth mode, my research explored the interrelated obstacles to breastfeeding from the mothers’ perspectives as the experiences were unfolding. I apply Trivers’s (1974) parent-offspring conflict model to conceptualise breastfeeding and predict realisation of infant feeding based on the interaction of maternal cost and infant benefit. The work adds the previously unstudied population of caesarean section-delivered breastfeeding dyads to the human life-history theory line of investigation. Postnatal ward and telephone semi-structured interview data were collected in Newcastle, England during 2006-09 with two groups of women. Phase 1 comprised participants who underwent either an unscheduled or scheduled caesarean section delivery (n = 75). Phase 2 involved women who experienced scheduled, non-labour caesarean section delivery and were randomly allocated an intervention or control cot for the entirety of their postnatal ward stay (n = 51). The impact of the infant side-car crib or standalone cot on breastfeeding was tested among the Phase 2 mothers by comparison of 35 overnight postnatal ward video recordings. The various aspects of women’s delivery and infant care were prioritised based on their knowledge of known risks and benefits. Intentions were carried out within the context of the support and opportunities available. Contrary to popular belief, the decision to undergo a caesarean section and deviation from prenatal breastfeeding intentions were undertaken because they seemed like the best or only option in the circumstances. Many women felt frustrated because of their postnatal limitations with caretaking for infants who were described as unexpectedly doing poorly. The absence of labour before the caesarean section was perceived to be beneficial by the mothers due to the intense pain of contractions and the undo “stress” vaginal parturition posed for the infant. However, the participants were surprised by being told by midwives after the delivery that (sub-clinically) poor infant condition was a common consequence of caesarean section. Some breastfeeding difficulty stemmed from “mucous” expulsion that had to occur before the babies could be “interested” in feeding. The peak mother-infant breastfeeding conflict was night-time after visiting hours. Midwifery and maternal concerns over the mothers’ lack of sleep prompted formula supplementation. As predicted, the side-car crib was associated with reduction of the maternal cost of breastfeeding. However, participants in the intervention group were not observed breastfeeding significantly more frequently than the control group as expected. The cost-benefit breastfeeding model suggests that high maternal cost and/or low perceived infant benefit was experienced to such a degree that mothers breastfed minimally despite the “huge difference” in infant access afforded by the side-car crib compared to the standalone cot. Regardless, data support the side-car crib as the better arrangement for mother-infant dyads who underwent a non-labour caesarean section due to the less potential infant risk observed and the benefit to maternal recovery. The utility of the parent-offspring conflict framework for predicting breastfeeding outcomes was supported by the association of reported reasons for breastfeeding intent and of bedsharing with breastfeeding frequency and duration. The thesis suggests that more detailed physiological information may enable families to better understand public health advice for exclusive breastfeeding and low caesarean section delivery rates. Breastfeeding after a caesarean section is affected by interrelated and compounding difficulties, so my single alteration in the postnatal environment did not resolve the impediments. An evolutionary perspective can assist in identifying populations at risk for suboptimal health outcomes and designing support to ameliorate mismatches between coevolved processes and routinely encountered conditions.

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Papathanasiou, Athanasios. « A Study of Cell Signalling in the Human Fallopian Tube ». Thesis, University of London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517986.

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Major, Louis. « An empirical investigation into the effectiveness of a robot simulator as a tool to support the learning of introductory programming ». Thesis, Keele University, 2014. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/618/.

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Background: Robots have been used in the past as tools to aid the teaching of programming. There is limited evidence, however, about the effectiveness of simulated robots for this purpose. Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of a robot simulator, as a tool to support the learning of introductory programming, by undertaking empirical research involving a range of participants. Method: After the completion of a Systematic Literature Review, and exploratory research involving 33 participants, a multi-case case study was undertaken. A robot simulator was developed and it was subsequently used to run four 10-hour programming workshops. Participants included students aged 16 to 18 years old (n. 23) and trainee teachers (n. 23). Three in-service teachers (n. 3) also took part. Effectiveness was determined by considering participants’ opinions, attitudes and motivation using the simulator in addition to an analysis of the students’ programming performance. Pre- and post-questionnaires, in- and post-workshop programming exercises, interviews and observations were used to collect data. Results: Participants enjoyed learning using the simulator and believed the approach to be valuable and engaging. Whilst several factors must be taken into consideration, the programming performance of students indicates that the simulator aids learning as most completed tasks to a satisfactory standard. The majority of trainee teachers, who had learned programming beforehand, believed that the simulator offered a more effective means of introducing the subject compared to their previous experience. In-service teachers were of the opinion that a simulator offers a valuable means for supporting the teaching of programming. Conclusion: Evidence suggests that a robot simulator can offer an effective means of introducing programming concepts to novices. Recommendations and suggestions for future research are presented based on the lessons learned. It is intended that these will help to guide the development and use of robot simulators in order to teach programming.

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Joy, J. « Fetal compromise : A prospective comparison of assisted conception and spontaneous pregnancies ». Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517376.

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Yamaji, Maiko. « The role of haematopoietic & ; endothelial cell-derived VEGF-A in mice ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613200.

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Waldron, Sheridan. « The evaluation of a low fat dietary intervention in children with diabetes ». Thesis, University of Leicester, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29489.

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The aim of the study was to test an intervention aimed at reducing fat intake in type 1 diabetic children. Method: The intervention involved an individual assessment of the child's dietary intake and a personalised behavioural approach which included the setting of goals to facilitate appropriate food choices. Several quantitative measures were used to assess dietary intake, blood indices, knowledge and perceptions, at the intervention and one year thereafter. Results: Total fat intake in these children was lower than expected before the intervention, probably because dietary changes had occurred following the diagnosis of diabetes. Nevertheless, following the intervention, a modest but statistically significant, decrease in fat intake of 1.4% of total energy was achieved from 36.3% to 34.9%. Other measurable and desirable changes were found in food choices and most foods chosen as dietary goals. Some of these changes were statistically significant. Individuals who reported the achievement of all dietary goals accomplished the greatest fat reduction (2.1% of total energy). The consumption of high fibre foods, including fruit and vegetables was low. No changes were observed in serum lipoproteins or glycaemic control. Knowledge of healthy eating principles was good but appeared to be superficial, as the perception of fat intake was not related to actual intake. The majority of participants did not perceive that the intervention made a substantial difference to their fat intake. Conclusion: In the absence of a contemporaneous control group it is difficult to disentangle the effects of background secular trends. However, the overall findings suggest that fat intake can be reduced through an individualised, focused and practical approach to dietary education in motivated children with diabetes. Recommendations are made to improve the intervention and to target groups with specific dietary needs.

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Antipatis, Christos. « The effects of maternal vitamin A status on perinatal growth and development ». Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU530696.

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Maternal vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy is associated with fetal and infant mortality and morbidity. The present study investigated the effects of the severity and duration of vitamin A deficiency on fetal growth and neonatal survival in the rat, and identified key organs affected. The efficacy of different supplementation regimens in reversing deficiency induced changes was also investigated. Weanling rats were fed a diet free or marginal in vitamin A for seven or eight weeks prior to and throughout pregnancy. Subgroups of these rats were supplemented with dietary vitamin A from day 7 of pregnancy onwards or by injection on day 10 and compared with control fed rats on day 20 of pregnancy and at birth. Severe maternal vitamin A deficiency reduced pregnancy rate, fetal number and neonatal survival. Less severe deficiency reduced neonatal survival only. Dietary retinol supplementation, but not deficiency or injection, increased leptin levels. Dietary supplementation partially counteracted the effects on neonatal survival but not on pregnancy rate. Vitamin A deficiency increased placental:fetal ratio. Placentas from severely deficient rats exhibited an infiltrate of TNF- and leptin immuno-positive neutrophils. Increased neutrophil-associated apoptosis and a decrease in the bax:bcl-2 ratio in trophoblast giant cells were also detected. Relative fetal lung, heart and liver weights were reduced but only the relative lung weight was reduced in neonates. Fetal lungs were underdeveloped with fewer elastic fibres, and reduced lung elastin and gas6 expression. Neonatal lungs had reduced relative airspace and smaller sacculae. Dietary retinol supplementation, but not injection, partially counteracted the effects on relative fetal organ weights. These data show that maternal vitamin A deficiency retards fetal development and reduces neonatal survival. These effects may be mediated by changes in placental immunity. Vitamin A deficiency may retard fetal lung development by influencing the differentiation of critical cell lines. Appropriate dietary supplementation may be beneficial on its timing and magnitude.

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Miller, Chloe Louise. « A comparison of attitudes towards prenatal diagnosis and pre-implantation genetic diagnosis ». Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1083/.

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Technological advances in prenatal screening and diagnosis mean that it is now possible to test for a wide range of congenital conditions (Hewison et al., 2007). Traditionally testing has been carried out during pregnancy (prenatal diagnosis, PND). However, advances in technology have made it possible for diagnosis of an embryo created through in vitro fertilisation, prior to implantation into the womb (pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, PGD). This means that women can avoid the birth of a child with a genetic condition without the stress of terminating a pregnancy. This raises questions about what women want from reproductive technologies, as it means they are making decisions based not only on the condition diagnosed but also on the technology used to test. Two studies were carried out to examine this further. In the first study, 216 participants completed a questionnaire either based on PND or PGD. Participants were asked whether they would terminate a pregnancy (PND condition) or avoid implantation (PGD condition) following diagnosis of five different genetic conditions, ranging in severity. The results suggest an interaction between the technology (PND or PGD) and the severity of the genetic condition diagnosed, such that for the most and least severe conditions, the number of people choosing to terminate/avoid implantation was similar for the PND and PGD groups. However for conditions in the middle range of severity significantly more people said they would avoid implantation. A within subjects interview study was carried out to explore this further and thematic analysis identified a number of themes that influenced participants’ responses. Overall, the results suggest that PGD may be more acceptable for women in some cases. Women considering diagnoses are likely to benefit from detailed information about both PND and PGD in order to make a fully informed decision as to which is best for them.

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Hung, T. H. « In vitro hypoxia-reoxygenation as a model for placental oxidative stress in preeclampsia ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604788.

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Oxidative stress of the placenta is considered a key intermediary step in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, but the cause for the stress remains unknown. Ischaemia-reperfusion injury, as a result of intermittent placental perfusion secondary to deficient trophoblast invasion of the endometrial arteries, is a possible mechanism. This thesis therefore tests whether hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) in vitro can induce placental oxidative stress, and cause increased apoptosis and production of tumour necrosis factor-α as seen in the preeclamptic placenta. The first aim was to examine the oxidative status of human placental tissues during periods of hypoxia and reoxygenation in vitro. Rapid generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected using a fluorescent marker when hypoxic villous samples were reoxygenated. The expression of oxidative stress markers including nitrotyrosine residues, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal adducts, and inducible heat shock protein 72 was greatly increased in villous samples subjected to H/R compared to the controls maintained under constant hypoxia. Furthermore, preloading villous samples with ROS scavengers such as desferrioxamine and α-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone significantly reduced the levels of oxidative stress in H/R. Having demonstrated that in vitro H/R is capable of inducing oxidative stress in a reproducible and manipulable manner, investigations were next carried out to study the effects of resultant oxidative stress on apoptosis within the trophoblast. Compared to hypoxic and normoxic controls, there was a significant increase in the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, activation of caspase , and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase in villous samples subjected to H/R. These events were associated with an increased number of syncytiotrophoblastic nuclei displaying apoptotic changes and increased lactate dehydrogenase release into the medium. The causal relationship between the generation of ROS and these apoptotic changes was revealed by the fact that pre-administration of desferrioxamine attenuated the insult.

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El, Mahdi E. « Studies to investigate a possible association between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ». Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1397057/.

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Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders, affecting 5 % to 10 % of women of reproductive age. The Syndrome is associated with Type II diabetes and endometrial carcinoma but an association with epithelial ovarian cancer has also been suggested. The studies described in this thesis were designed to investigate this association at population, cellular and molecular levels. In the first study, a cross sectional questionnaire survey was conducted of 121 women aged between the ages of 20 and 40, with or without PCOS. Analysis of the replies from 52 women with PCOS and 82 controls, showed that women with PCOS were significantly more likely to give a positive family history of breast cancer and myocardial infarction (20% vs 5%, p<0.05 and 35% vs 15%, p, 0.05, respectively). The second study was performed on 102 formalin fixed, paraffin embedded ovarian biopsies. In this study the surface epithelium of PCOS ovaries was compared with controls. The results showed significant epithelial changes in the PCOS group, with a higher prevalence of Psammoma bodies and mitoses (p< 0.01 and p < 0.02, respectively). Expression of cell cycle and apoptotic (p53, Cyclin D, Ki67 and bcl2) proteins in the ovarian surface epithelium was assessed using immunohistochemistry in 15 PCOS subjects and 15 controls. P53 expression was significantly (p= 0.003) increased in the PCOS women compared with controls. The third project was performed to identify gene expression in ovaries from women with PCOS, ovarian cancer and healthy controls (three ovaries from each group were utilized). 34(2%) genes consistently varied in abundance between normal and PCOS samples, 12 genes were over expressed in PCOS and 22 under expressed. One of the over expressed genes identified is human alpha 2 smooth muscle actin. It was 15 fold higher in PCOS ovary, than in normal ovary p< 0.001. Conclusions: the results of these studies do not provide convincing evidence of a correlation between PCOS and ovarian cancer.

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Durand, Marie-Anne. « Amniocentesis dilemma : needs assessment, development and field-testing of a theory-based decision support intervention ». Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55859/.

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Background: Amniocentesis is the most common prenatal diagnostic procedure undertaken in the United Kingdom, usually performed after 15 completed weeks of pregnancy. The procedure is reported to have a 1 % risk of miscarriage and the results of the chromosome tests may require further decision making about whether to continue with the pregnancy. Deciding about amniocentesis is a complex and emotionally charged decision, often undertaken in a short period of time and, under current practice, with little systematic decision support. Decision Support Interventions, also known as Patient Decision Aids, have been developed to help individuals leam about the features and implications of their treatment or screening options while improving communication with their health professionals. Those interventions are specifically targeted at preference-sensitive decisions with significant harms, benefits and uncertainty, where no screening or treatment option is objectively better than the other. This thesis proposed to assess information and decision support needs of pregnant women undertaking amniocentesis testing and to design and field-test, in collaboration with pregnant women and health professionals, a theory-based Decision Support Intervention for amniocentesis testing (amnioDex). Methods: A multi-method approach was adopted that included a systematic review, theoretical review, and qualitative analysis to develop and pilot a theory-based intervention intended for pregnant women facing a decision to undertake amniocentesis testing. The content areas and themes to be covered in the intervention were determined by a literature review and needs assessment conducted with pregnant women and health professionals. The prototype development of amnioDex (amniocentesis decision explorer) was guided by theory and included heuristic-based deliberation tools. Incremental prototypes of amnioDex and embedded deliberation tools were field-tested with lay users, health professionals and pregnant women facing a decision to undertake amniocentesis, using the "think-aloud" technique. Results: The amnioDex intervention was developed over a period of two years and field-tested for eight months. Conclusion: Findings from this thesis showed that it was feasible to use theory to generate a Decision Support Intervention acceptable to women facing amniocentesis testing and to health professionals counselling them. Future research needs to evaluate the effectiveness of amnioDex in a randomised controlled trial and to examine methods for effectively transferring theory into practice.

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Narvekar, N. N. « Towards developing a new contraceptive pill : effects of mifepristone on reproductive tissues and menstrual cycle ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.659879.

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The first study investigates the effect of daily low-dose mifepristone on proliferation markers [phospho-histone H3 (pH3) mitosis marker] and steroid receptors [oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, androgen receptor (AR)] in the endometrium. There was a significant down-regulation in pH3 and PR expression following mifepristone treatment whereas AR expression was up-regulated. Since androgens antagonize oestrogen-effects on the endometrium, mifepristone-induced AR up-regulation could play a role in its anti-proliferative effects. The second study investigates the effects of daily low-dose mifepristone on endometrial parameters [microvasculature, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR)]. The majority (15/16) of subjects were amenorrhoeic, mean oestradiol concentrations remained in the mid-proliferative range and most (9/16 subjects) endometrial samples showed proliferative histology. GR expression was induced in the nuclei of glands and surface (luminal) epithelium and there was a significant increase in micro-vessel density and decrease in stromal VEGF following treatment. Glucocorticoids can modulate angiogenesis and the high incidence of mifepristone-induced amenorrhoea may be related to change in the regulation of vascular function. The third study investigates the effects of daily low-dose mifepristone on vaginal morphology, histology, steroid receptor and Serine Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) content. There was no change in vaginal thickness, steroid receptor and SLPI content and distribution following mifepristone treatment. The absence of changes, in contrast to other oestrogen-free hormonal contraception, is reassuring. The fourth study investigates the effect of three single doses of mifepristone on menstrual cycle and the feasibility of timing administration as a once-month-contraceptive pill based on the length of previous menstrual cycles (calendar). It is not possible to use the calendar approach to identify the correct time of administration of mifepristone and mifepristone disrupts menstruation in a dose-dependent manner.

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Moschidou, Dafni. « A new source of stem cells in amniotic fluid and placenta in 1st trimester of pregnancy ». Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/5484.

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Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are multipotent cells found in fetal, neonatal and adult tissues. Fetal MSC have advantageous characteristics over their adult counterparts, and the regenerative potential of fetal blood MSC has recently been shown in a model of skeletal dysplasia and renal failure. Although fetal blood MSC can be isolated during ongoing pregnancy, the clinical effectiveness of using fetal blood-derived MSC for prenatal fetal cell therapy is constrained by the invasive nature of blood sampling procedure. With amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS), fetal MSC can be obtained with minimal invasion. The aim of this study was to characterise stem cells from 1st trimester amniotic fluid (AF) and placenta by comparing their phenotype with MSC from 1st trimester bone marrow and 2nd trimester AF. Cells from all sources have similar immunophenotype, express pluripotency markers and telomerase, but 1st trimester AF stem cells have higher kinetics. The cells can differentiate into 3 lineages (bone, fat and cartilage), form embryoid bodies (EB) in vitro and can be transfected with high efficiency using non-viral methods. The migration potential of fetal MSC was also investigated using in vitro migration assays, to recapitulate the in vivo mechanisms involved in donor cell recruitment to various tissues and delineate the pathways involved. Fetal blood MSC and AF stem cells were shown to express CXCR4, the stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) receptor, intracellularly but not on the cell membrane and migrate to SDF-1 gradients and to osteoblast cultures derived from the Osteogenesis Imperfecta mouse (oim), but not wild type bones. Pre-stimulation with oim plasma up-regulated CXCR4 and increased chemotaxis to SDF-1 and oim bone. Conclusively, 1st trimester AF and placenta are a new source of stem cells with great potential for future cell therapy applications. Also, initial experiments indicate the importance of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis for stem cell recruitment to the site of injury.

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Noori, Muna. « A prospective assessment of angiogenesis, endothelial function and inflammation in women who develop hypertensive disorders of pregnancy ». Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521127.

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Groom, Katie M. « The potential of a cyclo-oxygenase-2 specific prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor for the prevention of preterm labour ». Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.530450.

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Gibson, J. L. « Diabetes mellitus complicating pregnancy : a study of maternal vascular endothelial dysfunction and of placental terminal villous ultrastructure ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.651434.

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Maternal vascular dysfunction may alter the feto-placental environment and be associated with aberrant placental vascular development. We therefore aimed to determine: (1) if pregnancy in the insulin dependent (type I) diabetic woman is associated with increased maternal endothelial dysfunction, and (2) if the ultrastructure of the terminal placental villus, the functional exchange unit, is altered in these pregnancies. As an index of maternal vascular function circulating concentrations of defined endothelial-derived cell adhesion molecules were assessed. An ELISA was used to quantify the concentrations of the cell adhesion molecules throughout diabetic and control pregnancies and in matched non-pregnant women. The circulating concentrations of the cell adhesion molecules: E-selectin and ICAM-1 were increased in non-pregnant diabetic subjects compared to non-pregnant controls. These cell adhesion molecules interact with neutrophils and provide evidence of endothelial dysfunction in our population of non-pregnant diabetic women. In contrast, during pregnancy there was no difference in the circulating concentrations of ICAM-1 between diabetic and control groups. The concentration of E-selectin was significantly reduced when measured in the pregnant compared to the non-pregnant diabetic cohorts. These findings suggest that pregnancy, in our population of diabetic women, may actually be a time of vascular well-being. We hypothesize that this is a reflection of the improved glycaemic control achieved by these women during pregnancy. The ultrastructure of the terminal placental villi from ten diabetic and control pregnancies was assessed by three techniques: transmission electron microscopic determination of cross-sectional architecture, scanning electron microscopy of specially prepared placental vascular casts and immunohistochemical assessment of villous stromal composition and cell turnover. The terminal villi of diabetic placentae were highly comparable to those of control placentae. Specifically we demonstrated no significant difference on comparison of villous diameter, villous capillary diameter, cytotrophoblast or syncytiotrophoblast nuclei number and turnover, or stromal matrix content.

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Ahmadov, Anar. « A conditional theory of the 'political resource curse' : oil, autocrats, and strategic contexts ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/618/.

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A burgeoning literature argues that the abundance of oil in developing countries strengthens autocratic rule and erodes democracy. However, extant studies either show the average cross-national correlation between oil and political regime or develop particularistic accounts that do not easily lend themselves to theorizing. Consequently, we know little of the causal mechanisms that potentially link oil wealth to undemocratic outcomes and the conditions that would help explain the ultimate, not average, effect of oil on political regime. This study develops a conditional theory of the “political resource curse.” It does so by undertaking a statistical reassessment of the relationship between oil wealth and political regime and a nuanced qualitative examination of a set of carefully selected cases in order to contribute to developing an adequate account of causal mechanisms that transmit and conditions that shape the relationship between oil abundance and autocracy. It draws on qualitative and quantitative evidence collected over eighteen months of fieldwork in oil-rich former Soviet countries of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan, and the ‘counterfactual’ oil-poor Kyrgyzstan. Employing a theoretical framework that draws on insights from the rentier state theory, historical institutionalism, and rational choice institutionalism, I trace, compare, and contrast the processes that potentially link oil wealth to regime outcomes in these countries between 1989 and 2010. The findings strongly suggest that political regime differences can be better explained by the interaction of oil wealth with several structural and institutional variables rather than by oil abundance or another single factor alone. A thorough qualitative analysis of the post-Soviet cases shows that the causal mechanisms hypothesized in the ‘resource curse’ literature were neither necessarily present, nor uniform across these cases and throughout the post-Soviet period. This was because a particular interaction of exogenous variables and oil wealth affected the causal mechanisms differently, ultimately entailing different regime outcomes. The spread of alternative political elites, relative size of the ethnic minority with ties to a powerful kin state, and oil production geography were key exogenous factors that consistently interacted with oil in affecting the political regimes.

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Hottor, Bismarck Afedo. « The effect of severity of pre-eclampsia on the basal plate intervillous surface lining components : a confocal laser scanning microscopy study ». Thesis, University of Leicester, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/7885.

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Jackson, Kathryn S. « A comparison of short-term morbidity following laparoscopically- assisted radical vaginal hysterectomy versus open radical hysterectomy for early stage cervical cancer ». Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485800.

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Iwata, O. « Temporal and spatial evolution of cerebral injury in the piglet asphyxia model : a comparative study of serial magnetic resonance biomarkers and histopathology ». Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1432501/.

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Background: After hypoxia-ischaemia and successful resuscitation, cerebral energy metabolism transiently recovers to the normal level (latent phase); after a variable period of time this phase is followed by secondary energy failure (SEF) in those subjects with an adverse outcome. A better understanding of the regional evolution of SEF may enhance the application of future neuroprotective strategies. Aims: The aim of this thesis was to determine associations between the insult severity, regional SEF evolution, and subsequent histo-pathological brain injury using magnetic resonance biomarkers. Methods: An established piglet model of neonatal encephalopathy was used. 1. Twenty-nine piglets were studied either normothermic or hypothermic (35°C or 33°C during 2-26 hours after hypoxia-ischaemia). 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) was serially acquired; the brain was assessed histo-pathologically after 48 hours. 2. Global 31P MRS, and maps of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and transverse relaxation time (T2) were serially obtained in 3 control and 18 asphyxiated piglets. Histo-pathological brain injury and MR biomarkers were compared at time periods of 16-48 hours after hypoxia-ischaemia. Results: 1. Severe acute insult, short latent phase, severe SEF and profound histo-pathological brain injury were associated between each other. 2. Transient recovery in phosphocreatine (PCr) higher than its baseline was indicative of absent subsequent evolution of SEF, whereas sub-baseline PCr recovery was suggestive of severe SEF. 3. Global 31P MRS biomarkers and regional ADC obtained just prior to termination and up to 18-24 hours before termination predicted histo-pathological brain injury; the predictive value was optimal for global PCr/ inorganic phosphate (Pi), followed by global PCr/exchangeable high-energy phosphate pool (EPP), Pi/EPP and regional ADC. Conclusions: Although 31P MRS was more accurate, regional ADC predicted subsequent brain injury up to 18 hours in advance of termination. Regional ADC can be used as a sensitive early marker for subsequent tissue injury when 31P MRS is not available.

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Morris, Edward Patrick. « A placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind study of tibolone as 'add-back therapy' in conjunction with a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue in the treatment of uterine fibroids ». Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268665.

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Hosey, Amanda C. « A History of Bones ». FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/618.

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A HISTORY OF BONES is a collection of lyrical and narrative poems which examines the interconnectedness of humanity through recurrent physical images—bones, blood, hair, etc. These images reflect the commonalities of the human race at the most basic level by pointing to the unavoidable fate all living things share. The poems build on popular culture, politics, world history, and mythology to show the universality of human “baggage”. As the title poem says, “We carry all our histories with us where we go.” Over time, and all over the world, people exist as history collectors amassing experiences, both shared and unique, to which they must surrender and accept as parts of themselves. The collection is divided into three sections, which move from “local history” to “national history” and, finally, to “global history.” Poems in the first section, “Five Acres,” focus on personal history, including the history of the American South. The section title poem, “Five Acres of Pine Trees,” uses the scenery of the heavily-wooded land of rural Alabama as a means to discuss both the absurdity of invisible boundary lines and the wars which arise in relation to them. Poems in the second section, “Domestic Dream,” examine various ideas associated with the United States, such as modern politics, the country’s history of wars, post-post feminism, domesticity, and identity. The section’s title poem is a persona poem which follows the speaker from a kitchen to a fantasy world of fishing on a remote Greek island and back to real life. The collection’s final section, “Ode to the Globe” simultaneously pans out to encompass various cultures, languages, world regions, and points in history while pinpointing the emotional strain of carrying one’s histories. This section’s title poem imagines a character in love with the idea of world cultures, languages and historic places, who obsesses over these things, but views them through books, rather than personally encountering them. All three sections are braided together by the shared emotions of all peoples: nostalgia, regret, anxiety, hatred, passion, and longing. Thematically A HISTORY OF BONES shares elements with the work of Janet McAdams who often examines a single forgotten moment in history told from the perspective of a semi-removed speaker. The poems within the collection often depend on vivid, carefully attended details reminiscent of Elizabeth Bishop and Adrienne Rich. The poems also are influenced by e.e. cumming’s frequent word creation. The poems in the collection, however, are most influenced by the work of John Rybicki, specifically his third collection, We Bed Down into Water and the oddly juxtaposed images found in his work.

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Mervenne, Thomas. « Natural 20 : A Novel ». VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/618.

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Natural 20 is a novel that takes place between many worlds, most inside the head of Chester Gerber, the protagonist and central character. Chester Gerber has a difficult "real" world life. He graduated high school over a year ago and his best friend moved from Michigan to Baltimore to attend school. Chester himself isn't in college, has no job or girlfriend, and, since his father died, lives alone with his mother in a trailer in a dying Michigan town. To deal with this, Chester uses various means of escape—including playing Dungeons and Dragons, video games, and reading. At various times throughout, the novel follows Chester into these worlds and helps the reader understand Chester to a deeper degree by exploring the worlds he's creating. Eventually, the real world, filled with girl trouble, friendship strife, and someone close battling cancer, becomes too much, and Chester is forced to face it without escape.

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Campbell, Tomas. « Reasons for HIV testing in a heterosexual sample : the role played by affective factors and constructs from the health belief model ». Thesis, University of Surrey, 1997. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/618/.

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Holgado, Pascual Carmen María. « RESULTADO DEL PARTO CON ANALGESIA EPIDURAL : ESTUDIO OBSERVACIONAL DE COHORTES COMPARANDO PERFUSIÓN EPIDURAL CONTINUA CON BOLO INTERMITENTE PROGRAMADO MÁS ANALGESIA EPIDURAL CONTROLADA POR LA PACIENTE ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670708.

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ANTECEDENTS: L'evidència científica mostra que el bolo epidural intermitent programat (PIEB) per a l'analgèsia del treball de part aconsegueix bons resultats obstètrics. Després d'implementar el nostre protocol institucional per a l'analgèsia epidural, comparem PIEB + analgèsia epidural controlada per la pacient (PCEA) versus perfusió epidural contínua (PEC). MÈTODES: En un estudi de cohort observacional, comparem PEC amb ropivacaïna a l'0,2% + bolo inicial de fentanil de 100 mg versus PIEB+PCEA amb ropivacaïna a l'0,1% + fentanil 2 mg/ml en dones primípares. El objectiu principal va ser el tipus de part. Els objectius secundaris van ser la durada de la segona etapa del treball de part i les dosis totals de ropivacaïna i fentanil. Altres resultats estudiats al grup PIEB+PCEA, van ser: bloqueig motor, ús de PCEA i bolos de rescat, mobilitat materna i satisfacció materna. L'anàlisi estadística univariant es va realitzar mitjançant la prova de χ², anàlisi de variància o prova no paramètrica de Kruskal-Wallis. L'anàlisi multivariant es va realitzar mitjançant anàlisi de regressió logística múltiple. RESULTATS: 221 pacients van completar l'estudi (PEC116; PIEB+PCEA 105). La regressió logística múltiple va mostrar que el grup PIEB+PCEA va tenir significativament menys cesàries [PEC (14%) vs. PIEB + PCEA (5%), p = 0.015] i menys parts instrumentats, després de corregir els factors de confusió [OR = 0.49; IC de el 95%: 0,27-0,89]. La segona etapa del part no va mostrar diferència estadísticament significativa entre els grups. La dosi total de ropivacaïna va ser significativament menor amb PIEB+PCEA. No hi va haver relació entre el bloqueig motor lleu i un major ús de PCEA en el grup PIEB+PCEA. El tipus de part i la durada de la segona etapa del part tampoc es van veure influenciats pel bloqueig motor. La satisfacció materna va ser alta. CONCLUSIONS: PIEB+PCEA ofereix avantatges obstètriques i analgèsiques sobre PEC en la pràctica clínica diària.
ANTECEDENTES: La evidencia científica ha mostrado que el bolo epidural intermitente programado (PIEB) para la analgesia del trabajo de parto logra buenos resultados obstétricos. Después de implementar nuestro protocolo institucional para la analgesia epidural, comparamos PIEB + analgesia epidural controlada por la paciente (PCEA) versus perfusión epidural continua (PEC). MÉTODOSː En un estudio de cohorte observacional, comparamos PEC con ropivacaína al 0,2% + bolo inicial de fentanilo de 100 μg versus PIEB+PCEA con ropivacaína al 0,1% + fentanilo 2 μg/ml en mujeres primíparas. El objetivo principal fue el tipo de parto. Los objetivos secundarios fueron la duración de la segunda etapa del parto y las dosis totales de ropivacaína y fentanilo. Otros objetivos en el grupo PIEB+PCEA fueron: bloqueo motor, uso de PCEA y bolo de rescate, movilidad materna y satisfacción materna. El análisis estadístico univariante se realizó mediante la prueba de χ², análisis de varianza o prueba no paramétrica de Kruskal-Wallis. El análisis multivariante se realizó mediante análisis de regresión logística múltiple. RESULTADOSː 221 pacientes completaron el estudio (PEC116; PIEB+PCEA 105). La regresión logística múltiple mostró que el grupo PIEB+PCEA tuvo significativamente menos cesáreas [PEC (14%) vs. PIEB+PCEA (5%), p = 0.015] y menos partos instrumentales, después de corregir los factores de confusión [OR = 0.49; IC del 95%: 0,27 a 0,89]. La diferencia en la segunda etapa del parto no fue estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos. La dosis total de ropivacaína fue significativamente menor con PIEB+PCEA. No hubo relación entre el bloqueo motor leve y un mayor uso de PCEA en el grupo PIEB+PCEA. El modo de parto y la duración de la segunda etapa del parto tampoco se vieron influenciados por el bloqueo motor. La satisfacción materna fue alta. CONCLUSIONESː PIEB+PCEA ofrece ventajas obstétricas y analgésicas sobre PEC en la práctica clínica diaria.
BACKGROUND: Scientific evidence shows that programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB) for labour analgesia achieves good obstetric outcomes. After implementing our institutional standard for epidural analgesia, we compared PIEB + patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) versus continuous epidural infusion (CEI). METHODSː In an observational cohort study, we compared CEI with 0.2% ropivacaine + 100-μg fentanyl initial bolus versus PIEB+PCEA with 0.1% ropivacaine + 2 μg/ml fentanyl in primiparous women. The primary outcome was mode of delivery. Secondary outcomes were duration of the second stage of labour and total ropivacaine and fentanyl doses. Other outcomes, in the PIEB+PCEA group only, were motor block, use of PCEA and rescue bolus, maternal mobility and maternal satisfaction. Univariate statistical analysis was performed using the χ²-test, analysis of variance or nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test. Multivariate analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTSː 221 patients completed the study (CEI 116; PIEB+PCEA 105). Multiple logistic regression showed that the PIEB+PCEA group had significantly fewer caesarean sections [CEI (14%) vs. PIEB+PCEA (5%), p=0.015] and instrumental deliveries, after correcting for confounders [OR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.27–0.89]. The second stage of labour did not significantly differ between groups. Total ropivacaine dose was significantly lower with PIEB+PCEA. There was no relationship between mild motor block and increased use of PCEA in the PIEB+PCEA group. Mode of delivery and duration of the second stage of labour were not influenced by motor block either. Maternal satisfaction was high. CONCLUSIONSː PIEB+PCEA offers obstetric and analgesic advantages over CEI in daily clinical practice

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Rogers, Ben. « Executive function in autism : a comparative study ». Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268644.

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MacPherson, C. « A study to examine the risk factors and consequences associated with unplanned and unwanted pregnancy ». Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273056.

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Vance, Gillian Helen Sarah. « Early life exposure to a dietary allergen : characteristics, and consequences for allergic sensitisation and disease ». Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269644.

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Augst, Charlotte Sophie. « Modernising law legislating for technologies of reproduction in Britain and Germany : a comparative case study ». Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2002. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1517.

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The thesis compares the legislative decision-making in Germany and Britain with regard to 'new' reproductive technologies (most prominently 1W and embryo research). This entails the discourse analysis of legislative debates and papers and a close reading of the two laws governing reproductive technologies, the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 and the German Embrvonencchulzgeselz [Embryo Protection Act] of the same year. Reproductive technologies are read as instances of modernisation. The legislative debates are therefore understood as addressing the problems and effects of modernisation: individualisation, detraditionalisation, the control and manipulation of (human) nature. Modernisation is conceptualised as ambivalent, both holding the promise of a brighter future and the risks of alienation and exploitation for humanity, and the erosion of tradition. It is argued that the ambivalence of modernisation leads to conflicting concerns about reproductive technologies, concerns (or risks) which are irreconcilable, which in turn lead to insurmountable contradictions within each respective piece of legislation. However, it is held that these contradictions should not be read as the ultimate failure of the two laws. Rather, it turns out that the inability to overcome every contradiction, their indeterminacy, is what enables the two pieces of legislation to resist some and embrace other aspects of technological progress in the field of human reproduction. The question whether the two laws can actually be said to 'rule' new reproductive technologies is worked through by drawing on the legislative discourses themselves, critical (legal) theory and contemporary theories of risk. The comparative perspective allows us to see how the two laws' very different approaches lead to similar dilemmas, highlighting that the ambivalence of modernisation is inescapable. The thesis concludes with the (tentative) suggestion that even in today's world of 'scientism' and permanent modernisation, law does not simply get eroded. Through its contingent nature, it resurfaces as the force that allows conflicting dynamics to coexist.

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Weston, Victoria Jane. « A study of molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of paediatric B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia ». Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269214.

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Brown, Jill. « The Evolution of a Commercial Landscape : A Case Study of the Motels Along U.S. Highway 31-W ». TopSCHOLAR®, 2002. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/618.

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The cultural landscape is shaped by human imprints on the natural environment. Many decisions are made that have rippling effects over time. One type of development that changes the landscape is transportation innovation. As improved transportation links are introduced, people change their movement to include the quicker, more efficient route. As movement changes due to increased accessibility, roads that were once traveled by all now have fewer travelers. The rippling effects of the decision to add new infrastructure start at the opening of the innovation. New businesses will spring up at crossroads and common stopping areas. The long established businesses located on the old highways experience a change in business trends (transactions). The less use of the road by travelers, the less use of their businesses. This study attempts to show the effect of the transportation innovation of the Interstate System on the cultural landscape of a U.S. highway. The study area is U.S. Highway 31 -W, also known as the Dixie Highway, which runs parallel and interweaves with Interstate 65, from Elizabethtown south to Bowling Green, Kentucky. The different spatial locations of motels on 31-W and the different uses of the structures over time will be examined to determine patterns of use in relation to the nearest 1-65 interchange. The study uses nearest neighbor analysis to find patterns among the existing motel structures, and contingency/chi-square analysis to find relationships between motel locations and distances to the nearest interstate interchange and downtown center. Results show that the NNA yielded three years in which there were significant levels to reject the null hypothesis (the point pattern is random) in favor of the alternate hypothesis one (the point pattern is more clustered than random). Neither of the results of the two contingency/chisquare analyses, use of motel structure in relation to distance from the interstate and use of motel structure in relation to distance from the nearest town center, show significant evidence to favor the alternate hypothesis over the null in any of the years used.

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Ogundipe, Enitan Modupe. « The two year outcome of a regional cohort of low birthweight (LBW) infants in South East England ». Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270948.

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Thomas, Godwin Dogara Ayenajeh. « A framework for secure mobile computing in healthcare ». Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/618.

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Mobile computing is rapidly becoming part of healthcare’s electronic landscape, helping to provide better quality of care and reduced cost. While the technology provides numerous advantages to the healthcare industry, it is not without risk. The size and portable nature of mobile computing devices present a highly vulnerable environment, which threaten the privacy and security of health information. Since these devices continually access possibly sensitive healthcare information, it is imperative that these devices are considered for security in order to meet regulatory compliance. In fact, the increase in government and industry regulation to ensure the privacy and security of health information, makes mobile security no longer just desirable, but mandatory. In addition, as healthcare becomes more aware of the need to reinforce patient confidence to gain competitive advantage, it makes mobile security desirable. Several guidelines regarding security best practices exist. Healthcare institutions are thus faced with matching the guidelines offered by best practices, with the legal and regulatory requirements. While this is a valuable question in general, this research focuses on the aspect of considering this question when considering the introduction of mobile computing into the healthcare environment. As a result, this research proposes a framework that will aid IT administrators in healthcare to ensure that privacy and security of health information is extended to mobile devices. The research uses a comparison between the best practices in ISO 17799:2005 and the regulatory requirements stipulated in HIPAA to provide a baseline for the mobile computing security model. The comparison ensures that the model meets healthcare specific industry requirement and international information security standard. In addition, the framework engages the Information Security Management System (ISMS) model based on the ISO 27000 standard. The framework, furthermore, points to existing technical security measurers associated with mobile computing. It is believed that the framework can assist in achieving mobile computing security that is compliant with the requirements in the healthcare industry.

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McKeever, Tricia Marie. « A birth cohort study of the aetiology of allergic disease in children using the West Midlands general practice research database ». Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270347.

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Jones, David R. « A Software Reengineering Method for Evolving a Structured Legacy System to an Object-Oriented System Model Using the Unified Modeling Language ». NSUWorks, 2001. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/618.

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The problem investigated by the researcher in this study is the lack of advancement of software reengineering methods that involve modeling and the migration of a structured legacy system to an object-oriented system. The solution proposed in the study was implemented with the Unified Modeling Language (UML). Given the many benefits of object-oriented systems over conventional procedural systems and the rapidly escalating costs of maintenance of systems written in conventional languages, the migration of billions of lines of procedural code written into object-oriented languages is an attractive option. However, conversion of procedural systems into object-oriented systems has been an elusive goal. The purpose of the researcher in this study was to define a method from a systems perspective for the software reengineering of legacy systems into an object-oriented system using the UML as the textual and graphical depiction of the reengineered legacy system. The method consisted of the process or steps to be taken when extracting the functionality of the legacy system to its subsequent depiction using the UML. The expectations of this research included the development of an abstract methodology for software reengineering of a structured legacy system into the model of an object-oriented design using the UML from a systems perspective. The model was validated through the study of a specific example. This approach did not employ a traditional quantitative research method; demonstration of the methodology's feasibility was based on a case study that consisted of application of the methodology to a legacy system. Metrics were applied to determine the quality of the resulting reengineered object-oriented UML model. The method this researcher defined integrated the extraction of coded information with domain knowledge to achieve the UML depicted object-oriented target architecture. It was demonstrated through the reengineering of a single application in the legacy.

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Ribeiro, Rodrigo Rudge Ramos. « A percepção social dos riscos naturais : Portugal e Tuvalu ». Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/618.

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Mestrado em Energia e Gestão do Ambiente
O presente estudo trata do tema da percepção dos riscos naturais. Foi efectuado uma revisão bibliográfica sobre percepção dos riscos naturais, refugiados climáticos e alterações climáticas em Tuvalu. Posteriormente foi realizado um inquérito na comunidade académica da Universidade de Aveiro sobre riscos naturais, num contexto global e regional e uma consulta em Tuvalu por inquéritos electrónicos. Também foi feita uma consulta em Tuvalu, através de inquéritos electrónicos. Procurou-se compreender a percepção social dos riscos naturais, dos refugiados climáticos e do fenómeno de subida do nível das águas do mar neste inquérito. Duas realidades distintas são analisadas, a realidade dos riscos enfrentados por Portugal e a realidade dos riscos enfrentados por Tuvalu, com o intuito de perceber qual o percepção da sociedade sobre o tema. Os resultados deste estudo permitiram compreender a percepção dos inquiridos sobre riscos naturais, alterações climáticas em Tuvalu e sobre os refugiados climáticos. A percepção de um mesmo risco natural, como o caso da subida do mar, pode ser diferente para cada região. Verificou-se que a percepção das alterações climáticas em Tuvalu é pouco conhecida pela comunidade académica da Universidade de Aveiro e que esta acredita que os impactos da subida do nível do mar para Portugal e Tuvalu não os mesmos. A distância geográfica influencia a percepção do risco pela população, sendo que os indivíduos estabelecidos longe da ocorrência destes fenómenos apresentam um baixo nível de atenção aos mesmos. ABSTRACT: This research investigates the social perception of natural risks. It was made a literature review focusing on perception of natural risks, climate refugees and weather changes in Tuvalu. Subsequently, there are made inquiries at academic community the University of Aveiro about natural risks and weather changes in Tuvalu on a regional and global context. A consultation in Tuvalu was made by electronics inquiries. This research tries to understand the social perception of natural risks, climate refugees and the phenomenon of sea level rising. Two different realities are analyzed. The reality of risks faced by Portugal and the reality of risks faced by Tuvalu, with the aim of understanding the framework of society about this. The results of this research allowed understanding the perception about natural risks and weather changes in Tuvalu. The perception of the same natural risk, like sea level rise, can be different of each place. The perception of weather changes in Tuvalu is little known for academic community from University of Aveiro, and they believe that the impacts of sea level rise for Portugal and Tuvalu are not the same. The geographic distance makes influence at perception of risks; residents far away from this phenomenon present a low level of attention for this phenomenon.

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Orton, Charlotte Louise. « Stereological analysis of human placental microstructures from pregnancies complicated with intrauterine growth retardation and maternal cigarette smoking : a prospective case-controlled study ». Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268894.

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Bennett, Charlotte Collier. « Long-term morbidity in survivors of a randomised controlled trial of neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation within the United Kingdom : follow-up at four years of age ». Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271524.

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