Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « A-1 Typographers »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "A-1 Typographers"
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Pirozhkova, Tatyana. « Typographers of the Crimean ASSR in the 1920s and 1930s : Personnel Characteristics ». Journal of Economic History and History of Economics 23, no 1 (18 mars 2022) : 84–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-2488.2022.23(1).84-107.
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The article uncovers some questions of the labor history of printing production workers in the Crimean ASSR in 1920–1930s. The aim of the article is investigation of the staff structure of the Crimean ASSR printing industry workers in comparison with the national structure. The objectives of the study are to examine the dynamics of the number of workers in the printing industry of the Crimea, to analyze the proportion of women, national personnel (Crimean Tatars), adolescents, skilled workers in the overall structure of the printing industry workers of the Crimean ASSR, and to compare the obtained results with the national indicators. The study is based on published statistics, reports and archival sources. As a result, the author concludes that the labor force of the Crimean ASSR printing industry developed in line with nationwide trends, but with certain specifics. The growth in the number of printing workers, typical for the country as a whole, was uneven in Crimea and its rate was somewhat lower than in the rest of the country. The increase in the proportion of women in the Crimean printing industry at the beginning of the considered period was somewhat lower than the statistical average; in the 1930s it generally corresponded to the national and industry averages. The personnel policy was based on the requirements of indigenization and implied the recruitment of workers of Crimean Tatar nationality; however, the level of indigenization in the printing industry did not reach the required indicators. Work on the involvement of adolescents was carried out, but there were problems with the training organization. The number of qualified personnel in the republic's printing industry was insufficient, which had an impact on the product quality. In conclusion, the author forms the tasks for further research into the labor history of printing production workers in the Crimean ASSR.
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Lubojacký, J., et J. Holuša. « Effect of insecticide-treated trap logs and lure traps for Ips typographus(Coleoptera : Curculionidae) management on nontarget arthropods catching in Norway spruce stands ». Journal of Forest Science 60, No. 1 (30 janvier 2014) : 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/62/2013-jfs.
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The numbers of nontarget arthropods captured by Theysohn pheromone traps (TPTs) and insecticide-treated tripod trap logs (TRIPODs) were compared; both kinds of traps were baited with pheromone lures Pheagr IT for Ips typographus. In 2010, 15 TPTs and 15 TRIPODs were deployed (with a 10-m spacing) in a forest in the northeastern Czech Republic. The TPTs and TRIPODs were inspected weekly during the entire period of I. typographus flight activity (30 April–1 October). The TRIPODs were sprayed with Vaztak 10 SC insecticide every 7 weeks; at each spraying, the pheromone evaporators were renewed. Higher numbers of entomophagous arthropods, including the predacious beetles Thanasimus formicarius and T. femoralis, were captured by the TRIPODs than by the TPTs. The number of Thanasimus spp. captured by TRIPODs was especially high at the end of April. The efficacy of TRIPODs for the control of I. typographus could be maintained while the kill of nontarget organisms could be reduced by deploying the evaporators 1 week later (in early May rather than in late April) in relation to the recommended date of dispenser installation.
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Grodzki, Wojciech, et Wojciech Gąsienica Fronek. « The European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (L.) in wind-damaged stands of the eastern part of the Tatra National Park – the population dynamics pattern remains constant ». Folia Forestalia Polonica 61, no 3 (1 septembre 2019) : 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2019-0017.
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Abstract In March 2017, in the eastern part of the Tatra National Park in Poland, large windthrowns affected the passively and actively protected Norway spruce Picea abies stands. In early 2018, a set of 12 small research plots (20 trees on each plot) was established in the Norway spruce stands next to the windblown area – 6 in the stands under active nature protection (broken and fallen trees processed in 2017), and 6 in the stands under passive nature protection (trees left on the ground). Living trees on the plots were regularly checked during the growing season in order to identify and register the spruces infested by Ips typographus, which were dissected in 2 or 4 half-meter sections. 155 spruces (64%) infested by I. typographus were recorded on all 12 plots: 118 out of 120 (98%) in passive and 37 out of 120 trees (31%) in active protection. Mean infestation density calculated on 128 samples from 47 trees was higher under passive than under active protection (1.23 and 0.92 mating chamber per 1 dm2, respectively). Among 1709 gallery systems, those with 2 maternal galleries prevailed (63.0%); the mean share of females was higher in passive than in active protection zone (63.1 and 59.6% respectively). The mean number of progeny per one female was higher in active than in passive protection zone (20.23 and 19.12 respectively). I. typographus attack on standing trees had lower intensity in the stands previously subjected to the processing and removal of fallen and broken trees, which indicates positive effect of implemented active protection procedures. The parameters describing I. typographus population on attacked trees, as well as low activity of natural enemies, demonstrate its reproduction potential and resulting high risk of a new outbreak, according to the pattern known earlier from the other areas in Poland and Europe.
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ČEJKA, Martin, et Jaroslav HOLUŠA. « Phoretic mites in uni- and bivoltine populations of Ips typographus : a 1-year case study ». TURKISH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 38 (2014) : 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1309-20.
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Weslien, Jan. « The arthropod complex associated with Ips typograpfius (L.) (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) : species composition, phenology, and impact on bark beetle productivity ». Entomologica Fennica 3, no 4 (1 décembre 1992) : 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.83730.
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The biology of forest arthropods associated with the bark beetle lps typographus and the impact of these associates on bark beetle productivity were investigated in the field. Arthropods were allowed access to spruce bolts for different lengths of time, 0, 1, 4, and 8 weeks, following onset of attack by lps typograplus, after which time the bolts were moved to a nonforested area and caged. Arthropods were collected as they emerged from the bolts in autumn and the following spring. At least 32 arthropod species were collected, of which 17 are known to feed on bark beetle brood. The longer the exposure period the more bark beetle enemies and the fewer lps typographus emerged. Natural enemies were estimated to have reduced bark beetle productivity by 83%. Arrival and emergence patterns and relative impact on bark beetle productivity of different species are discussed.
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Chang, R., T. A. Duong, S. J. Taerum, M. J. Wingfield, X. Zhou, M. Yin et Z. W. de Beer. « Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus, including 11 new species from China ». Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 42, no 1 (19 juillet 2019) : 50–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2019.42.03.
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Ips typographus (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) is a spruce-infesting bark beetle that occurs throughout Europe and Asia. The beetle can cause considerable damage, especially when colonized trees are stressed and beetle populations increase. Although some studies have shown that populations of I. typographus in Europe, China and Japan are genetically distinct, these populations are biologically similar, including a strong association with ophiostomatoid fungi. To date, only two Leptographium spp. have been reported from the beetle in China, while 40 species have been reported from Europe and 13 from Japan. The aims of this study were to identify the ophiostomatoid fungal associates of I. typographus in north-eastern China, and to determine whether the fungal assemblages reflect the different geographical populations of the beetle. Field surveys in Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces yielded a total of 1046 fungal isolates from 145 beetles and 178 galleries. Isolates were grouped based on morphology and representatives of each group were identified using DNA sequences of the ribosomal LSU, ITS, β-tubulin, calmodulin and elongation factor 1-α gene regions. A total of 23 species of ophiostomatoid fungi were identified, including 12 previously described species and 11 novel species, all of which are described here. The dominant species were Ophiostoma bicolor, Leptographium taigense and Grosmannia piceiperda D, representing 40.5 %, 27.8 % and 17.8 % of the isolates, respectively. Comparisons of species from China, Europe and Japan are complicated by the fact that some of the European and all the Japanese species were identified based only on morphology. However, assuming that those identifications are correct, five species were shared between Europe, Japan and China, two species were shared between China and Japan, five between Europe and China, and two between Europe and Japan. Consequently, Ips typographus populations in these different geographic areas have different fungal assemblages, suggesting that the majority of these beetle-associations are promiscuous. The results also suggested that the symbionts of the bark beetle do not reflect the population structures of the beetle. The use of fungal symbiont assemblages to infer population structures and invasion history of its vectors should thus be interpreted with circumspection.
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Kandasamy, Dineshkumar, Rashaduz Zaman, Yoko Nakamura, Tao Zhao, Henrik Hartmann, Martin N. Andersson, Almuth Hammerbacher et Jonathan Gershenzon. « Conifer-killing bark beetles locate fungal symbionts by detecting volatile fungal metabolites of host tree resin monoterpenes ». PLOS Biology 21, no 2 (21 février 2023) : e3001887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001887.
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Outbreaks of the Eurasian spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) have decimated millions of hectares of conifer forests in Europe in recent years. The ability of these 4.0 to 5.5 mm long insects to kill mature trees over a short period has been sometimes ascribed to two main factors: (1) mass attacks on the host tree to overcome tree defenses and (2) the presence of fungal symbionts that support successful beetle development in the tree. While the role of pheromones in coordinating mass attacks has been well studied, the role of chemical communication in maintaining the fungal symbiosis is poorly understood. Previous evidence indicates that I. typographus can distinguish fungal symbionts of the genera Grosmannia, Endoconidiophora, and Ophiostoma by their de novo synthesized volatile compounds. Here, we hypothesize that the fungal symbionts of this bark beetle species metabolize spruce resin monoterpenes of the beetle’s host tree, Norway spruce (Picea abies), and that the volatile products are used as cues by beetles for locating breeding sites with beneficial symbionts. We show that Grosmannia penicillata and other fungal symbionts alter the profile of spruce bark volatiles by converting the major monoterpenes into an attractive blend of oxygenated derivatives. Bornyl acetate was metabolized to camphor, and α- and β-pinene to trans-4-thujanol and other oxygenated products. Electrophysiological measurements showed that I. typographus possesses dedicated olfactory sensory neurons for oxygenated metabolites. Both camphor and trans-4-thujanol attracted beetles at specific doses in walking olfactometer experiments, and the presence of symbiotic fungi enhanced attraction of females to pheromones. Another co-occurring nonbeneficial fungus (Trichoderma sp.) also produced oxygenated monoterpenes, but these were not attractive to I. typographus. Finally, we show that colonization of fungal symbionts on spruce bark diet stimulated beetles to make tunnels into the diet. Collectively, our study suggests that the blends of oxygenated metabolites of conifer monoterpenes produced by fungal symbionts are used by walking bark beetles as attractive or repellent cues to locate breeding or feeding sites containing beneficial microbial symbionts. The oxygenated metabolites may aid beetles in assessing the presence of the fungus, the defense status of the host tree and the density of conspecifics at potential feeding and breeding sites.
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Modlinger, Roman, et Petr Novotný. « Quantification of time delay between damages caused by windstorms and by Ips typographus ». Forestry Journal 61, no 4 (1 décembre 2015) : 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forj-2015-0030.
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AbstractDamages by wind and by European spruce bark beetle (I. typographusL.) were compared on the basis of the reports about the occurrence of harmful forest agents for the period 1964−1991 across former regional state forest directorates. In the given period, the quantity of salvage logging (70 million m3) was more than five times that of sanitation felling (13 million m3). Damage intensity increased over the decades. Using a cross-correlation function between the time series, an increase in the abundance ofI. typographusdue to windfall was demonstrated with a delay of 1–3 years. Wind damage was also shown to arise as a result of disturbed stand stability after sanitation felling with a stochastic delay of 1−5 years. Thus, disturbance of static stability of forest stands may be considered as one of the main harmful consequences of bark beetle outbreaks for the near future. Consequences for forest management are discussed.
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Skrodenytė-Arbačiauskienė, V., S. Radžiutė, V. Stunžėnas et V. Būda. « Erwinia typographi sp. nov., isolated from bark beetle (Ips typographus) gut ». International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62, Pt_4 (1 avril 2012) : 942–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.030304-0.
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Gram-negative-staining bacteria that were resistant to monoterpene myrcene (7-methyl-3-methylene-1.6-octadiene, C10H16, at concentrations of up to 10 µl ml−1 in TSB) were isolated from the gut contents of adult bark beetles Ips typographus (Coleoptera, Scolytidae). The beetles were collected from the bark of Norway spruce (Picea abies) in Lithuania. Bark beetles feed on conifers, which produce myrcene among many other defensive compounds. It has been suggested that the micro-organisms present within the beetles’ guts could be involved in their resistance towards this plant defensive compound. The most resistant bacterial strains were isolated and characterized by phenotypic assays as well as fatty acid analysis, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, multilocus sequence analyses (MLSA) based on the rpoB, atpD and infB genes and DNA–DNA hybridization. Biochemical characterization indicated that the bacteria belonged to the family Enterobacteriaceae . Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequences and MLSA of the novel strains revealed that they belonged to the genus Erwinia , but represented a novel species. The dominant cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0 and C17 : 0 cyclo. The DNA G+C content was 49.1 mol%. The results obtained in this study indicated that these bacteria from the bark beetle gut represented a novel species, for which the name Erwinia typographi sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain DSM 22678T ( = Y1T = LMG 25347T).
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Grodzki, Wojciech, et Wojciech Gąsienica Fronek. « Occurrence of Ips typographus (L.) after wind damage in the Kościeliska Valley of the Tatra National Park ». Forest Research Papers 78, no 2 (27 juin 2017) : 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/frp-2017-0012.
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Abstract At the end of 2013, Norway spruce stands in the area of the Tatra National Park were severely damaged by strong storms especially in the Kościeliska Valley region. In the following spring of 2014, a survey recording the occurrence of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) was initiated in order to describe the dynamics of beetle reproduction in relation to protection measures executed in wind-damaged stands. Ten research plots with 20 trees each were established in a socalled active protection zone, where the broken and fallen trees had been processed and removed in 2014, and in a passive protection zone, where no actions were taken, and the dynamics of Norway spruce mortality due to bark beetle infestation including quantitative parameters (infestation density, sex ratio of beetle populations) were examined. The entomological analyses were performed on 25 × 25 cm large bark samples taken from four (active zone) or two (passive zone) tree sections. In the first year of the survey, no infested standing trees were recorded on the plots and the colonisation of fallen and broken trees was very weak. In the second year (2015), infestations appeared in larger numbers on the plots with passive compared to active protection but the infestation density was 0.89 mating chambers per 1 dm2 regardless of the protection status. In the third year (2016), most of the remaining living spruces had been infested with a mean density of 0.82 m.ch. per 1 dm2. In 2015, the proportion of females in the beetle population was 65.8% being higher in the active (68.4%) than the passive (64.0%) protection zone, while in 2016 the proportion was 63.5% and in this case slightly higher in the passive protection zone (63.9% as compared to 63.2%). These results are in accordance with patterns observed in wind-damaged Norway spruce stands of other areas in Poland and Europe and demonstrate the usefulness of forest management procedures in mitigating I. typographus outbreaks.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "A-1 Typographers"
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Marcelo Borja-Galeas, Carlos, et Hugo Arias-Flores. « How does the participatory design in the brand construction helps ? » Dans 8th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002800.
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The brand is not just a logo, goes further, it is like the consumer internalizes the product or service. It is to look from coherence, consistency, perseverance, trust, content and reach the customer, these elements are the way for the construction of a brand. The corporate image is created from a cultural internalization of the company and becomes the identity that will be reflected towards the whole world, this design is born of the participation of the designer and the senior executives, who transform the ideas through the use of tools Innovative administration. The objective of this investigation is to generate the corporate identity manual through the use of Canvas, identifying the value proposition of the company. Through the use of a heuristic matrix, the value proposition and differentiators that the company have, added the iconic elements that represent them, together with the colors and typographies that together build the brand with its components: (1) , (2) Color and (3) typography. The participatory design of the actors at each stage, accelerates the brand construction and the results are integrated into the best corporate identity and resistance is avoided in their adoption.