Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « 658.8/3 »

AbstractSeven isotopic molybdates MIIUMo4O16 have been synthesized by solid state reaction with MII = Mg, Mn, Cd, Ca, Hg, Sr, Pb. Single crystals of CaUMo4O16 were obtained. Previously reported as triclinic, this compound is monoclinic, space group P2/n. Unit-cell parameters for the seven compounds are:MgUMo4O16: a = 11.393(2), b = 6.505(1), c = 7.918(2) Å, β = 89.81(3)°, V = 586.8(5) Å3, Z = 2, Dx = 5.12 Mg m−3;MnUMo4O16: a = 11.413(2), b = 6.555(1), c = 8.023(1) Å, β = 89.86(2)°, V = 600.2(4)Å3, Z = 2, Dx = 5.18 Mg m−3;CdUMo4O16: a = 11.427(2), b = 6.607(1), c = 8.144(2) Å3, β = 90.40(2)°, V = 614.8(5)Å3, Z = 2, Dx = 5.37 Mg m−3;CaUMo4O16: a = 11.443(3), b = 6.653(2), c = 8.239(2)Å, β = 90.51(3)°, V = 627.2(6)Å3, Z = 2, Dm = 4.83(5), Dx = 4.88 Mg m−3;HgUMo4O16: a = 11.439(3), b = 6.643(1), c = 8.257(2)Å, β = 90.53(3)°, V = 627.4(6)Å3, Z = 2, Dx = 5.73 Mg m−3;SrUMo4O16: 11.465(3), b = 6.768(2), c = 8.492(2) Å, β = 90.86(3)°, V = 658.8(6)Å3, Z = 2, Dx = 4.88 Mg m−3;PbUMo4O16: a = 11.470(4), b = 6.813(2), c = 8.557(2)Å, β = 90.88(4)°, V = 668.7(8)Å3, Dx = 5.41 Mg m−3;Powder diffraction data for each phase are reported.

The agricultural soils of West Limerick, Ireland, contain very localised, extremely high natural Se concentrations that reach levels that are very toxic to grazing livestock. The Carboniferous shales that formed in anoxic deep-water marine environments are the source of the selenium, which, along with the other redox-sensitive elements of molybdenum, uranium, arsenic and vanadium, were mobilised and reprecipitated in post-glacial anoxic marshes. The result has been a history of selenosis and molybdenosis in livestock in this important dairy province. Soils collected at 10–20 cm from five different agricultural sites were analysed, and all yielded concentrations greatly in excess of the safe Se limits of 3–10 mg kg−1; the highest value recorded was 1265.8 mg kg−1 Se. The highest recorded value for Mo in these soils was 1627.5 mg kg−1, and for U, 658.8 mg kg−1. There was a positive correlation between Se, Mo U and organic matter in the soils. Analysis of non-accumulator pasture grasses (Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass), Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue), Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot) and Phleum pretense (timothy grass)) revealed the shoot/leaf to contain up to 78.05 mg kg−1 Se while Trifolium repens (white clover) leaves contained 296.15 mg kg−1 Se. An in situ growing experiment using the Se accumulator species Brassica oleracea revealed 971.2 mg kg−1 Se in the leaves of premier kale, which also contained 1000.4 mg kg−1 Mo. Translocation factors (TFs) were generally higher for Mo than Se across all plant species. Combined X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) with micro-X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) showed the Se was present in the soil predominantly as the reduced immobile phase, elemental Se (Se0), but also as bioavailable organoselenium species, mainly selenomethionine (SeMet). SeMet was also the main species identified within both the Se non-accumulator and Se accumulator plants. The Se soil–plant system in West Limerick is dominated by SeMet, and uptake into the cattle pasture results in selenosis in the grazing dairy herds. The hyperaccumulating Brassica oleracea species could be used to extract both the Se and Mo to reduce the toxicity of the blighted fields.

Abstract. The energy pellet industry desires to improve processing techniques and the characteristics of fuel pellets by including additives with the feedstock. In this study, the industrial-scale pelletization of southern yellow pine (SYP) planer shavings was performed along with experiments involving the effect of production rate and moisture on the energy required for production (measured in kWh Mg-1). Multiple additives were investigated to determine their effects on southern yellow pine pelletization performance and pellet characteristics. These additives included southern-yellow-pine-derived biochar (BC), southern-yellow-pine-derived bio-oil (BO), corn starch (CS), vegetable oil (VO), sweet potatoes (SwP), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), micronized rubber powder (MRP), and mixed hardwood planer shavings (HW). A control was compared to 20 different treatments at various additive concentrations, and the effect on pellet durability, bulk density, and higher heating value was determined. The production rate of the pellets with additives varied but were able to be compared with the baseline regression line (production rate vs. energy required for production per Mg) control trials so that the appropriate amount of energy required to produce one Mg of biomass could be compared to the control. The data for the additives, which outperformed the control using the economic study, are listed below. The control, HW10%, HW 25%, HW 50%, BC 0.5%, BC 1%, BC 2%, BC 4%, MRP 1%, and BO 0.5% had a mean pellet durability index (PDI) of 97.9%, 98.1%, 98.1%, 97.7%, 98.2%, 98.6%, 98.4%, 98.7%, 98.0%, and 98.0%, respectively. The control, HW10%, HW 25%, HW 50%, BC 0.5%, BC 1%, BC 2%, BC 4%, MRP 1%, and BO 0.5% had mean bulk density values of 703.0, 700.8, 704.8, 692.2, 693.9, 695.6, 695.6, 683.2, 658.8, and 684.6 kg m-3, respectively. The mean higher heating values (HHV) for the control, HW10%, HW 25%, HW 50%, BC 0.5%, BC 1%, BC 2%, BC 4%, MRP 1%, and BO 0.5% were 19.0, 18.9, 18.6, 18.2, 19.4, 19.5, 19.6, 19.6, 19.6, and 19.2, MJ kg-1, respectively. The normalized energy requirements for production for the control, HW10%, HW 25%, HW 50%, BC 0.5%, BC 1%, BC 2%, BC 4%, MRP 1%, and BO 0.5% were 112.0, 110.5, 112.1, 115.3, 110.7, 111.7, 112.1, 118.1, 108.5, and 111.1 kWh Mg-1, respectively. An economic feasibility analysis showed that the discounted net present value (NPV) at a rate of 12% could be improved when using certain pellet additives in the feedstock. The following additives could increase the profit of the mill over just using the control: hardwood planer shavings at 10%, 25%, and 50%, biochar at 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 4%, MRP at 1% and bio-oil (with volatiles removed) at 0.5% (all on a dry basis). Keywords: Biochar, Biomass pellets, Bio-oil, Corn starch, Hardwood, Micronized rubber powder, Microcrystalline cellulose, Sweet potato, Vegetable oil.

A new compound LiCo6P4 could be synthesized, it crystallizes in the hexagonal space group P6̅m2 with the lattice constants a = 658.4(3) pm, c = 333.8(2) pm, c/a = 0.507. The structure shows close relations to the Fe2P- or Zr2Fe12P7-type structures.

A twin-screw extruder was used to carry out the ring opening graft polymerization of L-lactide onto cellulose through reactive extrusion process. Ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) [Bmim]Cl and Sn(oct)2 were used as solvent and catalyst, respectively. FTIR, TGA and XRD were used to investigate the structure, thermal stability and crystalline behavior of the reaction products. The result showed a successful ring opening polymerization of L-lactide on cellulose. Furthermore, it showed a increased crystalline degree and thermal stability after being introduced the PLLA.

The reaction of [{(CO)5W}PhPCl2] with S(SiMe3)2 leads to the formation of [{(CO)5WPhP}2S2] (1). 1 crystallizes in the space group P21/n. The lattice constants (at 298 K) are: a = 658.9(3), b = 2287.6(11), c = 1905.5(9) pm, β = 94.53(3)°. According to the crystal structure determination 1 contains a four-membered P2S2 ring which is coordinated to two {(CO)5W} units.

Ledokombo Village is a village which is located in Ledokombo District, Jember Regency. Ledokombo Village is a village that has 3 Krajan Hamlets, Sumber Nangka Hamlet, and Krajan Hamlet. Lodokombo Village itself has an area limit of 658.5 hectares. Lodokombo District has several villages and one of them is Ledokombo Village, and this Ledokombo Village there must be a re-emphasis on the boundary between Ledokombo Village and other villages. The emphasis here is not only oriented to village boundaries but also to Dusun boundaries, the emphasis here is also a manifestation of increasing awareness of village and hamlet boundaries for the people of Ledokombo Village. Our service is nothing but the aim of preventing conflicts between village boundaries and hamlets in Lodokombo Village. The determination and affirmation of village boundaries has an important and positive impact on the community as stated in Permendagri Number 27 of 2006. So the substance can be seen how important village boundaries are to clarify or reinforce village boundaries with one another

Mesoporous metal-organic framework-5 (MOF-5), with the composition Zn4O(BDC)3, showed a high capacity for the adsorptive removal of Pb(II) from 100% aqueous media. After the adsorption process, changes in both morphology and composition were detected using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) system, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The experimental evidence showed that Zn(II) liberation from MOF-5 structure was provoked by the water effect demonstrating that Pb(II) removal is not due to ionic exchange with Zn. A kinetic study showed that Pb(II) removal was carried out in 30 min with a behavior of pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The experimental data on Pb(II) adsorption were adequately fit by both the Langmuir and BET isotherm models with maximum adsorption capacities of 658.5 and 412.7 mg/g, respectively, at pH 5 and 45°C. The results of this work demonstrate that the use of MOF-5 has great potential for applications in environmental protection, especially regarding the removal of the lead present in industrial wastewaters and tap waters.

Objective. To study the state of the enteral parietal microbiota and to assess the conjugacy of its changes with motor-evacuation disorder of the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract) in chronic duodenal insufficiency.Materials and methods. The study included 40 patients with chronic duodenal insufficiency (CDN). Of these, 21 (52.5%) were women, 19 (47.5%) were men, the average age was 37.1± 13.8 years. CDN was diagnosed using anamnestic and physical data, X-ray and endoscopic examinations, intracavitary manometry. Enzyme immunoassay determined vitamin B12, 25-OH Vitamin D, transferrin. The study of the motor function of the gastrointestinal tract was carried out using the gastroenteromonitor “Gastroscan-GEM”. The method of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry was used to study the enteral wall microbiota.The results of the study. The blood showed a decrease in fat-soluble vitamins B12 and 25-OH vitamin D in relation to control. There was a decrease in the transferrin saturation coefficient (13.2%) compared to the control group (34.7%, p=0.04). Gastroenteromonitoring on the device “Gastroscan-GEM” showed a decrease in the coefficients of rhythmicity in the stomach and DPC in the fasting and postprandial periods. Chromass spectrometric analysis of resident microflora in patients with CDN revealed a significant decrease in Lactobacillus spp 1245.3± 0.21 cl/g x 10^3 and Bifidobacterium spp 1453.2± 0.18cl/g x 10^3 against the background of pronounced growth of bacteria of the genus Clostridium, Eggerthella lenta 412.3± 0.84cl/g x 10^3, Propionibacterium acnes 58.6± 0.32cl /g x 10^3, Propionibacterium freudenreichii 2388.7± 0.62 cl/g x 10^3, Propionibacterium jenseni 146.6±0.32 cl/g x 10^3, Staphylococcus spp 658.4± 0.28 cl/g x 10^3, Streptococcus mutans (anaerobic) 494.3±0.74 cl/g x 10^3, Streptomyces spp. 305.3±0.26 cl/g x 10^3. It was shown that the increased growth of pathogenic microflora was associated with a violation of the rhythm of duodenal motility.Conclusion. In patients with chronic duodenal insufficiency, a pronounced growth of parietal pathogenic microflora was detected, depending on the state of motor activity of the duodenum.

Porosity, hardness, and adhesion mainly affect the performance of thermal spray coating and significantly depend on spray parameters. Therefore, determining value of the spray parameters and their effects on the coating properties are always taken into consideration. This paper studies optimization as well as evaluates influences of HVOF spray parameters which include powder feed rate (M), rotational speed of the details per minute (N) and step movement of the nozzle per revolution (S) to the adhesion, porosity, micro-hardness of Cr3C2 - 20(80Ni20Cr) coating on 40Cr steel shaft substrate. Taguchi experimental design L9 combined with analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine optimum spray parameters and percentage of effect of each spray parameter on properties of the coating. From obtained results, the optimal spray parameters are m = 35 g.min-1, n = 130 rpm, S = 6 mm for the highest hardness coating of 658.2 HV; with m = 45g.min-1, n = 130rpm, S = 3 mm for the smallest porosity of 1.27%; with m = 35g.min-1, n = 130 rpm, S = 3 mm for the coating with a maximum adhesion of 44.07 MPa. The percent effects of the parameters m, n, S to adhesion, porosity and hardness were (2.8%, 33.6%, 63.6%), (0.1%, 1.3%, 98.6%), (32.7%, 43.3%, 24%), respectively. The percent effects of spray parameters on corresponding coating property allows adjustment of spray parameters to obtain the desired coating. Verified experiment results shows that the results are reliable. Taguchi method and ANOVA can find optimal parameters of the HVOF spray to acquire high-performance coating.

Toute activité humaine requiert un espace. La situation de travail n’échappe pas à cette exigence. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le champ spatial de l’activité de travail. Elle cherche à articuler la question de l’activité à celle de sa dimension spatiale dans la réalisation du travail. Cette réflexion apporte un éclairage sur la relation et le rôle de l’espace dans la réalisation de l’activité sous l’angle de l’analyse et de la conception.L’objet de la réflexion consiste, dans un premier temps, à revisiter la notion d’espace dans la situation de travail. La visée est de développer en ergonomie la réflexion sur la dimension spatiale de l’activité. Après un balayage des approches du concept d’espace, les résultats d’une analyse du travail en milieu postal sont exploités pour proposer le concept d’espace de l’activité. Il s’agit de l’espace modelé et agi dans et par l’activité de travail. Il s’inscrit dans un double cadre théorique : (i) L’approche instrumentale permet de montrer comment l’espace donné est modifié et ajusté dans l’activité. L’artefact comporte le dispositif matériel (éléments du bâti, matériels) mais aussi organisationnel (agencements).(ii) La théorie défendue par l’enaction vise à saisir la dimension émergente de l’espace de l’activité dans sa construction simultanée et imbriquée au déroulé de l’activité. Il s’agit d’une production et d’une transformation continue de l’espace au sens d’une « production locale ». Le concept d’espace de l’activité constitue une nouvelle unité d’analyse permettant la prise en compte de la dimension spatiale dans la situation de travail. La réflexion vise, dans un second temps, à proposer une démarche pour intervenir en conception avec l’objectif de développer l’activité et l’espace de l’activité. Elle invite à une conception conjointe de l’activité et de son espace. Cette approche par l’espace de l’activité est illustrée par l’intervention - recherche conduite en milieu postal. L’idée défendue est que toute activité se réalise dans un espace de façon matérielle et immatérielle au travers des actions, des relations entre les sujets ou entre les sujets et les objets qui les entourent dans la réalisation de l’activité.- D’un côté, il s’agit de concevoir l’espace, en tant que dispositif matériel et organisationnel, comme un support à l’activité dans une approche instrumentale et développementale des artefacts et des activités.- De l’autre, il s’agit de prendre en compte la dimension émergente de l’espace de l’activité qui déborde de la visée proprement instrumentale.L’enjeu est d’engager une démarche pour penser conjointement l’espace et l’activité dans une visée de développement de l’activité et de l’espace de l’activité
All human activity requires a spatial dimension; working is not circumventing this prerequisite. The main focus of this thesis is the analysis of the working activity’s spatial dimension. Working is addressed in the space dimensional context that is necessary for it’s accomplishment. This reflection sheds light on the role and relation of space in the accomplishment of the activity.The reflection consists first in revisiting the notion of space in the context of work; the aim is to develop in terms of ergonomics, the understanding of the spatial dimension of the activity. Results from the analysis of work in a postal environment are used in order to propose the concept of “the space of activity”. This is about modeled space and it acts in and through the working activity.It arises in the frame of a double theoretical context:- The instrumental approach allows us to demonstrate how a given space is modified and adjusted during the activity. The artefact consists of the material devices (building material) and organization (layout).- The enaction theory consists in catching the emerging dimensions of the activity’s space simultaneously to the activity’s development. It is about continuous creation and transformation of the space in terms of “local production”. The concept of the activity’s space represents a novel analysis unit allowing the consideration of the space dimension in working situations. Second, the reflection consists in the proposition of an approach that interferes with the conception and the objectives to develop the activity and the space for the activity. This requests a joint conception of the activity and it’s space. The approach by the activity’s space is illustrated by the intervention that is a research conducted in a postal environment. The defended idea is that any activity is carried out in space in a material and immaterial manner, through actions, relations between the subjects or between the surrounding objects and subjects in the achievement of the activity- On one side, it is about defining space as a material and organizational device and as a support for activity in an instrumental and developmental approach by the artifacts and activities.- On the other side, it is about taking in account the emerging dimension of the activity’s space that overcomes the purely instrumental goal. The challenge is to create a way to think about both the space and the activity in a perspective of activity development and space

Dans l'industrie bancaire, plusieurs études ont montré l'existence de la gestion du ratio de solvabilité. Toutefois, elles se sont focalisées pour l'essentiel sur la manipulation des provisions et avancent généralement que la gestion du ratio de solvabilité est mise en œuvre en vue d'éviter les coûts réglementaires associés à un ratio inférieur au seuil minimum. Notre thèse examine la pratique de gestion du ratio de solvabilité à travers les ajustements prudentiels qui sont des retraitements que la banque doit opérer pour passer des fonds propres comptables aux fonds propres réglementaires. Les ajustements prudentiels sont composés de déductions et de filtres prudentiels destinés à atténuer l'impact de la volatilité des fonds propres induite par la juste valeur liée à l'application des IFRS. Adoptant une démarche diachronique et une approche instrumentale, l'étude se base sur un échantillon de banques européennes et utilise des méthodes de régression par données de panel, ainsi que des tests de robustesse tels que le bootstrap et la régression quantile. Le principal apport de cette thèse est de montrer que la transformation de l'information comptable en information réglementaire passe par les ajustements prudentiels qui constituent un pont sur lequel une gestion opportuniste du ratio de solvabilité peut être effectuée à travers des variables relatives à la qualité du capital et à la performance opérationnelle de la banque. L'étude montre que la gestion du capital n'est pas l'exclusivité des banques présentant un ratio faible. Enfin, elle permet de ne plus considérer le ratio de solvabilité comme une boîte noire et de l'examiner à travers ses composantes
Through Earnings Management practices applied to banking industry, several studies have shown existence of Capital Adequacy Ratio Management (CARM). However, they are mainly focused on loss loan provision (LLP) manipulation's and suppose that Capital adequacy ratio management motivation is to reduce regulatory costs imposed when the bank's capital adequacy ratio falls below the minimum. This thesis deals with the possibilities of banks to manage the regulatory ratio via the prudential adjustments, which are corrections made to equity items in the statement of financial position, to safeguard the quality of the supervisory capital and to reduce potential volatility induced by fair value accounting (application of IFRS). Adopting diachronic and instrumental approaches, the study is based on a sample of European banks and uses regression methods by panel data and bootstrap and quantile regression as post estimation and robustness tests. The main contribution of this thesis is to show that the necessary transformation of accounting information into regulatory information by prudential adjustments constitutes a bridge on which a timely CARM could be carried out through variables relating to the quality of the capital and the operational performance of the bank. Furthermore, the results show that CARM is not exclusively dedicated to banks with ratio close to minimum. Finally the results make possible to no longer consider the capital adequacy ratio as a black box and to examine it through its components

Dissertação de mestrado em Economia Industrial e da Empresa
Sendo as pequenas e médias empresas a forma empresarial predominante em Portugal, representando cerca de 99% do total das sociedades e gerando cerca de 58% do volume de negócios totais, é fácil perceber a importância da internacionalização destas empresas para o desenvolvimento da economia e da sociedade portuguesa. Ao longo das duas últimas décadas, assistiu-se a um aumento do comércio internacional em que muitas PME portuguesas se internacionalizaram. No que concerne à internacionalização das PME, um dos fenómenos mais marcantes diz respeito às redes de relacionamento. Vários investigadores têm confirmado que as empresas são influenciadas por redes de relacionamento no seu processo de internacionalização. Nas PME é muito importante a decisão que tomam quanto à escolha do mercado de destino e o modo de entrada. O presente trabalho de investigação tem como objetivo estudar como os diferentes tipos de redes de relacionamento influenciam a escolha do mercado de destino e o modo de entrada nesses mercados. Assim, procura-se abordar as redes como fator crítico para uma PME se internacionalizar. Esta investigação adota uma metodologia qualitativa, analisando cinco estudos de caso. Os dados foram recolhidos através de entrevistas e complementados com dados secundários. Os dados recolhidos foram transcritos e categorizados e cada empresa foi analisada, seguido de cruzamento e comparação de dados. Os resultados mostram que todas as empresas estudadas foram influenciadas por redes de relacionamentos na escolha do mercado de destino, na escolha do modo de entrada e no acesso a novas redes. No entanto nessas empresas, a escolha do mercado de destino foi mais influenciado pelas redes de relacionamento do que a escolha do modo de entrada.
As small and medium enterprises are the predominant business form in Portugal, representing about 99% of all companies and generating about 58% of total turnover, it is easy to realize the importance of internationalization of these companies for the development of the Portuguese economy and society. Over the last two decades, the increase in international trade allowed the internalization of many Portuguese’s SME. Regarding business internationalization, one of the most striking phenomena concerns network relationships. Several investigators have confirmed that companies are influenced by network relationships in their internationalization process. In SME is very important the decision regarding the choice of destination market and entry mode. This research work aims to study how different types of network relationships influence the choice of the destination market and market entry mode. Thus, we seek to address the network as critical factor for SME internationalization. This research adopts a qualitative methodology, analyzing five case studies. Data were collected through interviews and complemented with secondary data. The data collected were transcribed and categorized and each company was analyzed, followed by crossing and comparing data. The results show that all companies studied were influenced by networks relationships in the choice of the destination market, the choice of market entry mode and access to new networks. However in these companies, the choice of the foreign market was more influenced by the networks relationships than the choice of market entry mode.